CN112901266A - Water burst prevention system for extra-long tunnel and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Water burst prevention system for extra-long tunnel and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
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Abstract
The invention provides an extra-long tunnel water burst prevention system and a construction method thereof, wherein the prevention system comprises a water retaining wall formed by pouring concrete, the water retaining wall is arranged at a position with a preset distance from the face of a main tunnel and is completely attached to the circumferential side wall of the main tunnel, a water retaining wall foundation is formed by pouring the bottom of the water retaining wall, a foundation groove for accommodating the water retaining wall foundation is dug at the bottom of a main tunnel foundation pit, the periphery of the water retaining wall is anchored into a foundation rock through a mortar anchor rod, a guide pipe is pre-embedded in the water retaining wall, the guide pipe extends in the tunneling direction, two ends of the guide pipe extend out of the water retaining wall, the guide pipe is arranged in a quincunx shape, temporary drainage ditches are arranged below the water retaining wall and close to two sides of the main tunnel foundation pit, a drill rod of a drilling machine penetrates through the guide pipe to drill the face of the main tunnel, a drainage hole is formed in the face of the main tunnel, and the problem that water burst easily occurs when a large amount of water, The phenomena of mud outburst and the like have great potential safety hazard and are inconvenient to construct.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly provides a water burst prevention and control system for an extra-long tunnel and a construction method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the vigorous development of highway and railway traffic construction in China, the construction mileage of tunnels is refreshed continuously, the geological conditions are more complicated, and sudden water burst and mud burst of the tunnels become one of the most serious engineering disasters. The follow-up work of water gushing and mud outburst is quickly solved, and the production is quickly recovered, so that the method becomes a current research hotspot.
Taking a mountain tunnel of a camp on a south China magnificent expressway as an example, the tunnel has the total length of 11.28km and the maximum buried depth of 883m, passes through a fold zone, develops joint cracks, has dolomite and IV-level surrounding rock as geology, has crack water and karst water in bedrock, has special topographic and geological environmental conditions, has more serious and difficult points in construction, and has quite complex technical problems.
During construction, sudden water burst and mud burst are carried out on the left tunnel face of the 2# inclined shaft main tunnel of the campsite mountain tunnel, the instantaneous water burst amount is up to 8000m in high speed cultivation, and the mud burst amount is more than 5000m in high speed cultivation. The duration of more than 1 year, the water stored in the inclined shaft and the inclined shaft main rotating hole is harvested by 26 ten thousand meters, and the hole mouths of the air supply and exhaust inclined shaft are still discharged outwards at the speed of 1500m cultivation/h.
Along with the tunneling of the main tunnel, the main tunnel is closer to the 2# inclined shaft through surface, the situations of water burst, mud burst, large-range collapse and the like can occur at any time, the safety risk is higher and higher, and the water stored in the inclined shaft needs to be discharged urgently at present so as to ensure the safe construction of the tunnel face and the smooth through of the main tunnel.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for an extra-long tunnel water inrush prevention and control system and a construction method thereof to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a water burst prevention and control system for an extra-long tunnel and a construction method thereof, and solves the problems that in the prior art, when a large amount of water is stored in a tunnel inclined shaft, water burst, mud burst and the like are easy to occur when a tunnel main tunnel is constructed to the vicinity of a through surface of the inclined shaft, and great potential safety hazard and inconvenience in construction are caused.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: in one aspect, the invention provides a water burst control system for an extra-long tunnel, the extra-long tunnel comprises an inclined shaft and a main tunnel, the water burst control system for the extra-long tunnel comprises a water retaining wall formed by pouring concrete, the water retaining wall is arranged at a preset distance from the tunnel face of the main tunnel, and is completely attached to the circumferential side wall of the main tunnel, a retaining wall foundation is formed at the bottom of the retaining wall by pouring, a foundation groove for accommodating the retaining wall foundation is dug at the bottom of the main tunnel foundation pit, the periphery of the retaining wall is anchored into the bedrock through a mortar anchor rod, a guide pipe is embedded in the retaining wall, the guide pipe extends along the tunneling direction, two ends of the guide pipe extend out of the water retaining wall, the guide pipe is arranged in a quincunx shape, temporary drainage ditches are formed in positions, close to two sides of the main tunnel foundation pit, below the water retaining wall, a drill rod of the drilling machine penetrates through the guide pipe to drill the tunnel face of the main tunnel, and a water drainage hole is formed in the tunnel face of the main tunnel.
The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: the reserved rock pillar internal joint crack is developed, water drain holes are drilled and can be communicated with an inclined shaft internal water system, accumulated water threatening the construction of the inclined shaft internal water system is discharged, huge water pressure stored in a tunnel is released, the water levels of the inclined shaft and the inclined shaft are continuously reduced along with the continuous increase of the number of the water drain holes, the water pressure is continuously reduced, a risk source of water gushing of the inclined shaft, namely large-volume water stored in the inclined shaft, is eliminated, potential safety hazards brought to surrounding rocks by the water pressure during the excavation of the inclined shaft are eliminated, when the water level is reduced to meet the requirement of the safe water pressure, the water retaining wall can be detached to continuously carry out the remaining surrounding rocks, and the communication between the main hole and the inclined shaft is realized; powerful water impact when reducing the outlet and lining up through the breakwater wall reduces the injury to personnel, machinery, equipment, and with construction risk reduction to minimum, gush water and flow into drainage system in the hole outside the hole through the interim escape canal of breakwater both sides, realize that main hole safety sluices, the face steadily impels.
In the preferable technical scheme of the water burst prevention system for the extra-long tunnel, the water burst prevention system for the extra-long tunnel further comprises a closed wall sprayed on the tunnel face of the main tunnel, and the closed wall is anchored on the tunnel face of the main tunnel through a mortar anchor rod.
The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: the enclosure wall and the mortar anchor rod reinforce the tunnel face and the rock pillar, and the phenomenon that the tunnel face is damaged by combined action of a drill rod and water pressure when the drilling machine drills a water drainage hole, so that water gushing and turbulent flow or the rock pillar is unstable is avoided.
In the preferable technical scheme of the water burst prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel, two ends of the guide pipe extend out of the water retaining wall by no less than 20cm, and one end of the guide pipe, which is far away from the tunnel face of the main tunnel, is provided with a ball valve.
The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: the two ends of the guide pipe extend out of the water retaining wall, so that the guide pipe is favorably connected with the end of the drilling machine, the drill rod of the drilling machine is better guided, and the precision of drilling is ensured; after drilling, the drill rod is slowly drawn out, and the ball valve on the guide pipe is closed, so that water cannot circulate temporarily, and a better construction environment is created for drilling other drain holes by the drilling machine.
In a preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned extra-long tunnel water inrush prevention and control system, an elevation angle of the guide pipe is 1 ° to 3 °.
The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: because the drilling tool is longer, settlement can occur during drilling, in order to improve the drilling precision and meet the technical requirements, the guide pipe is slightly lifted upwards, and the drilling tool is well guided.
In the preferable technical scheme of the water inrush prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel, the water retaining wall is internally embedded with steel bar meshes and a door-shaped support, the door-shaped support is arranged between the steel bar meshes and connected with the steel bar meshes, and the guide pipe is supported on the door-shaped support and connected with the door-shaped support.
The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: the guide pipe is ensured to be positioned accurately and firmly, the guide pipe does not deviate during the concrete pouring, and the elevation angle and the axis of the guide pipe are ensured.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a construction method of the water inrush prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
s10, measuring and setting out, and positioning a pile position central line and an excavation boundary line;
s20, cutting a groove and clearing the bottom, digging a foundation pit to a designed elevation by adopting a breaking hammer to form a base groove, and chiseling two temporary drainage ditches on one side of the base groove, which is far away from the face of the main tunnel;
s30, anchoring the mortar anchor rods, arranging the mortar anchor rods along the periphery of the water retaining wall, and anchoring part of the mortar anchor rods into the bedrock;
s40, constructing a water retaining wall foundation, installing a template in the foundation trench and pouring;
s50, constructing the water retaining wall, namely arranging a template and reinforcing steel meshes on the basis of the water retaining wall, supporting a door-shaped bracket between the reinforcing steel meshes, connecting the door-shaped bracket with the reinforcing steel meshes on two sides of the door-shaped bracket by adopting reinforcing steel bars, fixing a guide pipe on the door-shaped bracket in a quincunx shape, and pouring to form the water retaining wall;
and S60, drilling a drain hole, positioning the drilling machine, and drilling a hole on the tunnel face of the main tunnel by penetrating the drill rod of the drilling machine through the guide pipe to form the drain hole.
In the preferable technical scheme of the construction method of the water inrush prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel, the step of drilling the drain hole, positioning the drilling machine, and drilling the hole on the tunnel face of the main tunnel by penetrating the drill rod of the drilling machine through the guide pipe to form the drain hole specifically comprises the following steps:
pouring a concrete cushion layer at the bottom of the drilling machine;
and fixing a drilling machine base, controlling the drilling angle to be 1-3 degrees upwards, and drilling holes through the guide pipe layer by layer from the middle to two sides and from bottom to top.
In the preferable technical scheme of the construction method of the water inrush prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel, before the step of 'S10 measuring and setting out, positioning a center line of a pile position and an excavation boundary line', the method further comprises the following steps:
drilling a mortar anchor rod on the face of the main tunnel, fully paving a steel bar mesh, and connecting the steel bar mesh with the mortar anchor rod;
and spraying concrete on the tunnel face of the main tunnel from bottom to top to form the closed wall.
In the preferable technical scheme of the construction method of the water inrush prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel, before the steps of drilling the mortar anchor rod on the tunnel face of the main tunnel, fully paving the reinforcing mesh and connecting the reinforcing mesh and the mortar anchor rod, the method further comprises the following steps:
and pouring a water retaining wall outside the existing temporary facility of the tunnel.
In a preferred technical scheme of the construction method of the water inrush prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel, after the steps of 'drilling the drain holes, positioning the drilling machine, and drilling the drill rod of the drilling machine on the tunnel face of the main tunnel through the guide pipe to form the drain holes', the method further comprises the following steps:
judging whether the water is obviously drained through the water drainage holes;
under the condition of unobvious drainage, pumping and draining water in the inclined shaft to reduce the hydrostatic level and deepen the drainage hole;
repeatedly judging whether the water is obviously drained from the water drainage hole;
and under the condition of unobvious drainage, continuously deepening the drainage hole until the positive tunnel face and the inclined shaft face are communicated.
In conclusion, in the technical scheme of the construction method of the extra-long tunnel water burst control system, due to the fact that the joint cracks in the reserved rock pillars are developed, the drain holes are drilled and can be communicated with the water system in the inclined shaft, accumulated water threatening the construction of the inclined shaft to the main tunnel in the inclined shaft is discharged, huge water pressure of the water stored in the tunnel is released, the water levels of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel can be continuously reduced along with the continuous increase of the number of the drain holes, the water pressure is continuously reduced, the risk source of water burst in the main tunnel, namely the large amount of the water stored in the inclined shaft is eliminated, the potential safety hazard of the water pressure to surrounding rocks during the tunneling of the main tunnel is eliminated, when the water level is reduced to the requirement of the safety water pressure, the water retaining wall can be detached to continuously tunnel the remaining surrounding rocks, and the main; the pouring of the water retaining wall reduces strong water flow impact when the water drainage holes are communicated, reduces damage to personnel, machinery and equipment, minimizes construction risks, enables water gushing to flow into a drainage system in the tunnel through temporary drainage ditches on two sides of the water retaining wall and to be drained out of the tunnel, and achieves safe water drainage of the main tunnel and stable propulsion of the tunnel face.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a front view of an extra long tunnel flood control system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the extra long tunnel surge prevention system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a distribution diagram of mortar anchor rods on a water retaining wall of the water inrush prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of a containment wall of the extra long tunnel flood control system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a distribution diagram of mortar anchor rods on a closed wall of the water burst prevention system for the extra-long tunnel of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a step diagram of a construction method of the water burst prevention system for the extra-long tunnel of the present invention.
List of reference numerals: 1. a water retaining wall; 11. a gantry support; 2. a water retaining wall foundation; 3. a temporary drainage ditch; 4. a mortar anchor rod; 5. a guide tube; 6. a drilling machine; 7. a water drain hole; 8. and (5) closing the wall.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicating the directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Taking the camp mountain tunnel of the Yunnan magnificent expressway as an example mentioned in the background art, the specific embodiment of the water burst prevention system of the extra-long tunnel of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the extra-long tunnel comprises an inclined shaft and a main tunnel, when the main tunnel is constructed to be 100m away from a through surface, a water retaining wall 1 is formed by pouring concrete at a position 1.5m away from a tunnel face of the main tunnel, the water retaining wall 1 is completely attached to the circumferential side wall of the main tunnel, a water retaining wall foundation 2 is formed by pouring the bottom of the water retaining wall 1, and the size of the water retaining wall foundation 2 is as follows: 11.9m 5m 1m, the bottom of positive hole foundation ditch digs and is equipped with the foundation ditch that holds breakwater foundation 2, and the position orientation that the foundation ditch is close to positive hole foundation ditch both sides deviates from the direction of positive hole face has seted up interim escape canal 3. The periphery of the water retaining wall 1 is anchored into bedrock through a mortar anchor rod 4, the mortar anchor rod 4 is 3m long, the mortar anchor rod is anchored into the bedrock by 2m and is exposed outside by 1m, the direction indicated by a shear head in figure 3 is a circular direction, the circular distance between the mortar anchor rods 4 is 100cm, and the transverse distance is 60 cm. A guide pipe 5 with an elevation angle of 1-3 degrees is pre-embedded in the water retaining wall 1, the guide pipe 5 is arranged in a quincunx shape, the guide pipe 5 extends along the tunneling direction, two ends of the guide pipe 5 extend out of the water retaining wall by 20cm, a flange and a ball valve are arranged at one end of the guide pipe 5, which is far away from the face of the main tunnel, a drill rod of a drilling machine 6 penetrates through the guide pipe 5 to drill the face of the main tunnel, and a water drainage hole 7 is formed in the face of the main tunnel.
Because the drilling tool is longer, the drilling tool can be settled, and in order to improve the drilling precision and meet the technical requirements, the guide pipe 5 is slightly lifted upwards, so that the drilling tool is well guided. The flange on the guide pipe 5 is beneficial to connecting the guide pipe 5 with the end of the drilling machine 6, so that the drilling machine 6 is prevented from being flushed down by huge water pressure in the drilling process, and the safety of machinery and constructors is protected; after drilling, the drill rod is slowly drawn out, and the ball valve on the guide pipe 5 is closed, so that water cannot circulate temporarily, and a better construction environment is created for drilling other water drainage holes 7 by the drilling machine 6.
Continuing to refer to fig. 1, in order to ensure that the guide pipe 5 is accurately and firmly positioned, the guide pipe 5 does not deviate during the concrete pouring process, and the elevation angle and the axis of the guide pipe 5 are ensured, reinforcing steel mesh sheets and door-shaped supports 11 are pre-embedded in the water retaining wall 1, the door-shaped supports 11 are formed by welding reinforcing steel bars, the door-shaped supports 11 are arranged between the reinforcing steel mesh sheets and connected with the reinforcing steel mesh sheets through the reinforcing steel bars, and the guide pipe 5 is erected on the door-shaped supports 11 and connected with the door-shaped supports 11 and is fixed through the door-shaped supports 11.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, due to the development of joint cracks in the reserved rock pillars, when the drilling machine 6 drills the water discharge holes 7, the drilling rod and the water pressure act together, the tunnel face of the main tunnel may be damaged, and in order to avoid the phenomenon of water burst turbulence or unstable rock pillars, the extra-long tunnel water burst control system further comprises a closing wall 8 sprayed on the tunnel face of the main tunnel, the closing wall 8 is anchored on the tunnel face of the main tunnel through mortar anchor rods, the thickness of the closing wall 8 is 15cm, the length of the mortar anchor rods is 8m, and the distance between the mortar anchor rods is 100cm x 100 cm.
Due to the fact that the joint cracks in the reserved rock pillars are developed, water drain holes 7 are drilled, the water drain holes 7 can be communicated with a water system in an inclined shaft, accumulated water threatening to construction of the inclined shaft in the inclined shaft is drained, huge water pressure stored in a tunnel is released, the water level of the inclined shaft and the water level of the main shaft can be continuously reduced along with the continuous increase of the number of the water drain holes 7, the water pressure is continuously reduced, a risk source of water gushing in the main shaft, namely large-volume water stored in the inclined shaft is eliminated, potential safety hazards brought to surrounding rocks by the water pressure during main shaft tunneling are eliminated, when the water level is reduced to the requirement of the safety water pressure, the water retaining wall 1 can be detached, the remaining surrounding rocks are continuously tunneled, and the; powerful water impact when reducing discharge opening 7 through waterwall 1 reduces the injury to personnel, machinery, equipment, and with construction risk to minimize, gush water and flow into drainage system in the hole through the interim escape canal 3 of waterwall 1 both sides and arrange outside the hole, realize that main hole safety sluices, the face steadily impels.
As shown in fig. 6, specifically, the construction method of the water inrush prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel mainly includes the following steps:
s10, measuring and setting out, and positioning a pile position central line and an excavation boundary line;
s20, cutting the groove and clearing the bottom, digging the foundation pit to a designed elevation by adopting a breaking hammer to form a base groove, and chiseling two temporary drainage ditches 3 on one side of the base groove, which is far away from the face of the main tunnel;
s30, anchoring by using a mortar anchor rod, arranging the mortar anchor rod 4 along the periphery of the water retaining wall 1, and anchoring the mortar anchor rod 4 into the bedrock for 2m and exposing for 1 m;
s40, constructing a water retaining wall foundation, installing and pouring a template in a foundation trench, wherein the template is a steel template, is reinforced transversely and vertically by using D48X 3.5 double steel pipes and is fastened by matching with a large butterfly-shaped clamp, when concrete is poured, a vibrating rod is adopted for vibrating, the concrete is fed in and discharged slowly at intervals of 30-50 cm, and the concrete is vibrated until the concrete does not sink and flow any more;
s50, constructing the water retaining wall, covering wood plates on the temporary drainage ditch 3 to prevent concrete from entering, arranging a template and reinforcing steel bar meshes on the water retaining wall foundation 2, supporting a door-shaped support 11 between the reinforcing steel bar meshes, connecting the door-shaped support 11 with the reinforcing steel bar meshes on two sides of the door-shaped support by using reinforcing steel bars, fixing 22 guide pipes 5 with the diameter of 20cm and the length of 2.5m on the door-shaped support 11 in a plum blossom shape, controlling the angles of the guide pipes 5 to be upward 1-3 degrees, enabling the extending directions of the guide pipes 5 to be parallel to the axis of a tunnel, exposing 20cm of the guide pipes 5, welding a flange plate on one side of the guide pipes 5, mounting ball valves, enabling the horizontal spacing between the guide pipes 5 to be 120cm, enabling the vertical spacing to be 100cm, and pouring to form the water retaining wall 1;
s60, drilling a drain hole, positioning the drilling machine 6, enabling a drill rod of the drilling machine 6 to penetrate through the guide pipe 5, connecting the end of the drilling machine 6 with a flange plate of the guide pipe 5, drilling a hole on the face of the main tunnel to form the drain hole 7, and closing a ball valve on the guide pipe 5 when the next drain hole 7 is drilled.
In order to ensure that the drilling machine 6 is stably positioned, so that the position of the drilling machine 6 is not deviated in the drilling process, and the position of the drilling machine 6 is not changed after the drilling is finished, wherein the step S60 specifically comprises the following steps:
s601, pouring a concrete cushion layer at the bottom of the drilling machine 6;
s602, fixing a base of the drilling machine 6, controlling the drilling angle to be 1-3 degrees upwards, marking the serial number of the guide pipe on the water retaining wall 1, and drilling holes through the guide pipe 5 layer by layer from the middle to two sides and from bottom to top to form a drain hole 7.
The drainage hole 7 is drilled for the first time by 50m, and after the step 602, the method further comprises the following steps:
judging whether the water is obviously drained from the water drainage holes 7;
under the condition of unobvious drainage, pumping and draining water in the inclined shaft to reduce the hydrostatic level and deepen the drainage hole by 7-80 m;
repeatedly judging whether the water is obviously drained from the water drainage hole 7;
and under the condition that the drainage is not obvious, continuously deepening the drainage holes by 7-100 m, namely communicating the face of the main tunnel with the face of the inclined shaft, and considering whether the rock pillar is penetrated or not if the drainage is not obvious.
Due to the development of joint cracks in the reserved rock pillar, when the drilling machine 6 drills the drain hole 7, the drilling rod and the water pressure act together, the tunnel face of the main tunnel can be damaged, and in order to avoid the phenomenon that water burst flows disorderly or the rock pillar is unstable, before the step S10, the method further comprises the following steps:
s01, drilling a mortar anchor rod on the face of the main tunnel, fully paving a steel bar mesh, and connecting the steel bar mesh and the mortar anchor rod;
s02, spraying concrete on the face of the main tunnel from bottom to top, wherein the spraying operation is carried out in layers, segments and pieces in sequence, the spraying sequence moves from bottom to top, the spray head is directly opposite to the sprayed face, the spraying thickness at one time is about 50-80 mm, certain intervals are required after spraying once, the spraying operation is generally carried out after the concrete of the previous layer is finally solidified, concrete conglomerations hung on the net piece are timely removed, the compactness of the sprayed concrete is ensured, the sprayed concrete covers the whole steel net piece, and the closed wall 8 which is compact, free of cracks, falling, spraying leakage, ribs leakage, hollowing and water leakage is formed.
In order to ensure that temporary facilities such as the existing air compressor room, the power distribution room, the security room and the tunnel warehouse of the tunnel are not submerged by water during draining, the method further comprises the following steps before step S01:
and (4) pouring a water blocking wall outside the existing temporary facility of the tunnel, wherein the height of the water blocking wall is 100cm, and the thickness of the water blocking wall is 30 cm.
It is understood that the construction of the water-stopping wall according to the present invention is performed before the construction of the closing wall on the tunnel face, but this is not a limitation on the sequence of the construction of the water-stopping wall, and in other embodiments, the water-stopping wall may be constructed simultaneously with the closing wall or after the closing wall is constructed.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The water burst prevention system for the extra-long tunnel comprises an inclined shaft and a main tunnel, and is characterized by comprising a water retaining wall formed by pouring concrete, wherein the water retaining wall is arranged at a preset distance away from the tunnel face of the main tunnel, and is completely attached to the circumferential side wall of the main tunnel, a retaining wall foundation is formed at the bottom of the retaining wall by pouring, a foundation groove for accommodating the retaining wall foundation is dug at the bottom of the main tunnel foundation pit, the periphery of the retaining wall is anchored into the bedrock through a mortar anchor rod, a guide pipe is embedded in the retaining wall, the guide pipe extends along the tunneling direction, two ends of the guide pipe extend out of the water retaining wall, the guide pipe is arranged in a quincunx shape, temporary drainage ditches are formed in positions, close to two sides of the main tunnel foundation pit, below the water retaining wall, a drill rod of the drilling machine penetrates through the guide pipe to drill the tunnel face of the main tunnel, and a water drainage hole is formed in the tunnel face of the main tunnel.
2. The extra-long tunnel water inrush prevention and control system of claim 1, further comprising a closing wall sprayed on the tunnel face of the main tunnel, wherein the closing wall is anchored to the tunnel face of the main tunnel by mortar anchor rods.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the two ends of the guide tube extend beyond the retaining wall by no less than 20cm, and a ball valve is mounted at the end of the guide tube facing away from the tunnel face of the main tunnel.
4. The extra-long tunnel flood control system according to claim 3, wherein the elevation angle of said guiding tube is 1 ° to 3 °.
5. The system for preventing and treating water inrush of extra-long tunnels according to claim 4, wherein reinforcing mesh sheets and door-shaped brackets are pre-embedded in the water retaining walls, the door-shaped brackets are arranged between the reinforcing mesh sheets and connected with the reinforcing mesh sheets, and the guide pipes are supported on the door-shaped brackets and connected with the door-shaped brackets.
6. The construction method of the water inrush prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s10, measuring and setting out, and positioning a pile position central line and an excavation boundary line;
s20, cutting a groove and clearing the bottom, digging a foundation pit to a designed elevation by adopting a breaking hammer to form a base groove, and chiseling two temporary drainage ditches on one side of the base groove, which is far away from the face of the main tunnel;
s30, anchoring the mortar anchor rods, arranging the mortar anchor rods along the periphery of the water retaining wall, and anchoring part of the mortar anchor rods into the bedrock;
s40, constructing a water retaining wall foundation, installing a template in the foundation trench and pouring;
s50, constructing the water retaining wall, namely arranging a template and reinforcing steel meshes on the basis of the water retaining wall, supporting a door-shaped bracket between the reinforcing steel meshes, connecting the door-shaped bracket with the reinforcing steel meshes on two sides of the door-shaped bracket by adopting reinforcing steel bars, fixing a guide pipe on the door-shaped bracket in a quincunx shape, and pouring to form the water retaining wall;
and S60, drilling a drain hole, positioning the drilling machine, and drilling a hole on the tunnel face of the main tunnel by penetrating the drill rod of the drilling machine through the guide pipe to form the drain hole.
7. The construction method of the water inrush prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel according to claim 6, wherein the step of drilling the drain holes with the drilling machine in place and drilling the drill rod of the drilling machine on the tunnel face of the main tunnel through the guide pipe to form the drain holes comprises the following specific steps:
pouring a concrete cushion layer at the bottom of the drilling machine;
and fixing a drilling machine base, controlling the drilling angle to be 1-3 degrees upwards, and drilling holes through the guide pipe layer by layer from the middle to two sides and from bottom to top.
8. The construction method of the extra-long tunnel water inrush prevention and control system according to claim 6, wherein before the step of "S10, measuring and setting out, positioning a pile position center line and an excavation boundary line", the method further comprises the following steps:
drilling a mortar anchor rod on the face of the main tunnel, fully paving a steel bar mesh, and connecting the steel bar mesh with the mortar anchor rod; and spraying concrete on the tunnel face of the main tunnel from bottom to top to form the closed wall.
9. The construction method of the water burst prevention system for the extra-long tunnel according to claim 8, wherein before the steps of drilling the mortar anchor rod on the tunnel face of the main tunnel, fully paving the steel bar mesh and connecting the steel bar mesh and the mortar anchor rod, the method further comprises the following steps:
and pouring a water retaining wall outside the existing temporary facility of the tunnel.
10. The construction method of the water inrush prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel according to claim 6, wherein the step of drilling the drain holes with the drilling machine in place and drilling the drill rod of the drilling machine on the tunnel face of the main tunnel through the guide pipe to form the drain holes further comprises the following steps:
judging whether the water is obviously drained through the water drainage holes;
under the condition of unobvious drainage, pumping and draining water in the inclined shaft to reduce the hydrostatic level and deepen the drainage hole;
repeatedly judging whether the water is obviously drained from the water drainage hole;
and under the condition of unobvious drainage, continuously deepening the drainage hole until the positive tunnel face and the inclined shaft face are communicated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110318493.3A CN112901266A (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | Water burst prevention system for extra-long tunnel and construction method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110318493.3A CN112901266A (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | Water burst prevention system for extra-long tunnel and construction method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112901266A true CN112901266A (en) | 2021-06-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110318493.3A Pending CN112901266A (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | Water burst prevention system for extra-long tunnel and construction method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN112901266A (en) |
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2021
- 2021-03-25 CN CN202110318493.3A patent/CN112901266A/en active Pending
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