CN112899886A - Polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112899886A CN112899886A CN202110077306.7A CN202110077306A CN112899886A CN 112899886 A CN112899886 A CN 112899886A CN 202110077306 A CN202110077306 A CN 202110077306A CN 112899886 A CN112899886 A CN 112899886A
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- polylactic acid
- melt
- blown nonwoven
- nonwoven material
- acid degradable
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/55—Polyesters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a polylactic acid degradable melt-blown non-woven material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: slicing and drying a polylactic acid material, filtering the dried polylactic acid sliced material, metering by using a metering pump, carrying out high-temperature melt extrusion by using a screw extruder, spinning by using spinneret orifices, drawing by hot air flow to obtain superfine short fibers on a net curtain device, and carrying out self-adhesion to obtain the polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material. The polylactic acid melt-blown nonwoven material prepared by the embodiment of the invention has 90% of trapping efficiency on particles with the particle size of 1-1.5 mu m and 100% of trapping efficiency on particles with the particle size of 1.5 mu m.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of textile materials, in particular to a polylactic acid degradable melt-blown non-woven material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, global resource and environment crisis is increasingly serious, and no matter developed countries or developing countries in the world face the problems of natural resource shortage, serious environment pollution and the like. Along with the rapid development of economy, the living standard of people is gradually improved, the market of disposable sanitary products is continuously developed, the requirements of people on the disposable sanitary products are higher and higher, and consumers not only want the disposable sanitary products to meet basic functions, but also want the disposable sanitary products to be safer, more comfortable and more environment-friendly. The degradability of the sanitary materials becomes a new research direction.
In conclusion, a polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material with good performance and good degradation effect is needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of a polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material, which comprises the following steps:
slicing and drying a polylactic acid material, filtering the dried polylactic acid sliced material, metering by using a metering pump, carrying out high-temperature melt extrusion by using a screw extruder, spinning by using spinneret orifices, drawing by hot air flow to obtain superfine short fibers on a net curtain device, and carrying out self-adhesion to obtain the polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material.
In one embodiment of the invention, the polylactic acid slices are placed in a drier and dried for 24 hours at 70 ℃ to obtain the dried polylactic acid slice material.
In one embodiment of the invention, the high-temperature melt extrusion temperature of the screw extruder is 190-250 ℃.
In one embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the hot air is 250-300 ℃ during the spinning process of the spinneret orifice.
In one embodiment of the invention, the receiving distance of the screen device is 15-30 cm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the hot air is sprayed at an angle of 45-60 ℃ during the spinning process of the spinneret orifices.
In the present invention, the density of the polylactic acid resin chips is 1.24g/cm2The melt flow rate is 70-85 g/10min, the glass transition temperature is 55-50 ℃, and the crystallization peak temperature is 160-170 ℃. The polylactic acid superfine fiber material is a three-dimensional net-shaped closely-arranged structure. Due to the fact thatThe fibers are arranged disorderly, and the isotropy benefit of the material is good.
In the invention, polylactic acid (polylactic acid) is a novel biodegradable material and is prepared by using renewable plant resources, such as starch raw materials from corn, cassava and the like. The method mainly comprises the steps of saccharifying a starch raw material to obtain glucose, fermenting the glucose and a certain strain to prepare high-purity lactic acid, and synthesizing the polylactic acid with a certain molecular weight by a chemical synthesis method. The biodegradable plastic has good biodegradability, can be completely degraded by microorganisms in the nature after being used, finally generates carbon dioxide and water, does not pollute the environment, is very favorable for protecting the environment, and is a well-known environment-friendly material.
The invention has the following advantages:
the polylactic acid melt-blown fabric prepared by the invention has good weather resistance at normal temperature and high strength retention rate, can be completely decomposed into carbon dioxide and water under the action of microorganisms, water, acid and alkali in soil or water within 30 days after being discarded, and then becomes a starting material of starch under the photosynthesis of sunlight, so that the polylactic acid melt-blown fabric does not pollute the environment, and is a completely natural circulation type biodegradable material.
The polylactic acid melt-blown fabric waste prepared by the method can be decomposed in natural environment, and toxic nitrogen oxides (NOx) can not be generated during incineration, so that the environment can not be polluted no matter the waste is buried or incinerated; the linear thermoplastic biodegradable aliphatic polyester polylactic acid is prepared by using starch extracted from annual plants such as corn, wheat and cassava as an initial raw material, performing enzymatic decomposition to obtain glucose, performing lactic acid fermentation to obtain lactic acid, and performing chemical synthesis to obtain the high-purity polylactic acid, so that the raw material source is a renewable substance.
The polylactic acid melt-blown nonwoven material prepared by the embodiment of the invention has 90% of trapping efficiency on particles with the particle size of 1-1.5 mu m and 100% of trapping efficiency on particles with the particle size of 1.5 mu m.
The polylactic acid fiber prepared by the embodiment of the invention has small diameter which is 1/3 of common fiber, so that the gap of a melt-blown non-woven fabric surface is reduced and more compact, the filtration efficiency is increased, and through the stationary-stage treatment, the stationary-stage voltage is as follows: 20-50 kv, and the efficiency can reach more than 99%.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material, which includes the following steps:
step one, slicing the polylactic acid material to obtain polylactic acid slices, and drying the polylactic acid slices in a vacuum drying machine at 70 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain dried polylactic acid slice materials.
Feeding the polylactic acid slice material into a feeding cylinder, conveying the polylactic acid slice material through a melt conveying channel, filtering, metering by a metering pump, carrying out high-temperature melt extrusion at 190 ℃ by a screw extruder, spinning through a spinneret orifice under the action of hot air at 250 ℃, drawing by hot air flow to obtain superfine short fibers on a net curtain device, and carrying out self-adhesion to obtain the polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material, wherein the receiving distance of the net curtain device is 15 cm.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material, which comprises the following steps:
step one, slicing the polylactic acid material to obtain polylactic acid slices, and drying the polylactic acid slices in a vacuum drying machine at 70 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain dried polylactic acid slice materials.
Feeding the polylactic acid slice material into a feeding cylinder, conveying the polylactic acid slice material through a melt conveying channel, filtering, metering by a metering pump, carrying out high-temperature melt extrusion at 200 ℃ by a screw extruder, spinning through a spinneret orifice under the action of hot air at 280 ℃, drawing hot air flow to obtain superfine short fibers on a net curtain device, and carrying out self-adhesion to prepare the polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material, wherein the receiving distance of the net curtain device is 20 cm.
Example 3
Step one, slicing the polylactic acid material to obtain polylactic acid slices, and drying the polylactic acid slices in a vacuum drying machine at 70 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain dried polylactic acid slice materials.
Feeding the polylactic acid slice material into a melt conveying channel of a feeding cylinder for conveying, filtering, metering by a metering pump, carrying out high-temperature melt extrusion at 250 ℃ by a screw extruder, spinning by spinneret orifices under the action of hot air at 300 ℃, drafting by hot airflow of polylactic acid fiber filaments to obtain superfine short fibers on a net curtain device, and carrying out self-adhesion to prepare the polylactic acid degradable melt-blown non-woven material, wherein the receiving distance of the net curtain device is 30 cm.
The brand of the instrument adopted by the invention is the Istman machine, the contactor is France Schneider, the breaker is Korea LS, the PLC is Siemens, the frequency converter is Helipp, and the model is SJ 90/30.
In the manufacturing methods of examples 1 to 3, in order to make the material have the structure of the ultra fine fiber, the power of the metering pump and the extrusion at the spinning time should be properly reduced, and the draft and the hot air temperature should be properly adjusted to be high with the pressure of 0.12 Mpa.
The diameter of the polylactic acid fiber prepared by the embodiment of the invention is distributed between 1-10 mu m, wherein the distribution of 1-6 mu m is the most extensive, so that the melt-blown material has the advantages of the barrier and filtering performances of a superfine fiber structure.
The test proves that: the polylactic acid melt-blown nonwoven material prepared by the embodiment of the invention has 90% of trapping efficiency on particles with the particle size of 1-1.5 mu m and 100% of trapping efficiency on particles with the particle size of 1.5 mu m.
The polylactic acid fiber prepared by the embodiment of the invention has small diameter which is 1/3 of common fiber, so that the gap of a melt-blown non-woven fabric surface is reduced and more compact, the filtration efficiency is increased, and through the stationary-stage treatment, the stationary-stage voltage is as follows: 20-50 kv, and the efficiency can reach more than 99%.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
slicing and drying a polylactic acid material, filtering the dried polylactic acid sliced material, metering by using a metering pump, carrying out high-temperature melt extrusion by using a screw extruder, spinning by using spinneret orifices, drawing by hot air flow to obtain superfine short fibers on a net curtain device, and carrying out self-adhesion to obtain the polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material.
2. The method of preparing a polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material according to claim 1,
and putting the polylactic acid slices into a drier, and drying for 24 hours at 70 ℃ to obtain the dried polylactic acid slice material.
3. The method of preparing a polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material according to claim 1,
the high-temperature melt extrusion temperature of the screw extruder is 190-250 ℃.
4. The method of preparing a polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material according to claim 1,
in the spinning process of the spinneret orifice, the temperature of hot air is 250-300 ℃.
5. The method of preparing a polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material according to claim 1,
the receiving distance of the net curtain device is 15-30 cm.
6. The method of preparing a polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material according to claim 1,
in the spinning process of the spinneret orifice, the jet angle of hot air is 45-60 ℃.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110077306.7A CN112899886A (en) | 2021-01-20 | 2021-01-20 | Polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202110077306.7A CN112899886A (en) | 2021-01-20 | 2021-01-20 | Polylactic acid degradable melt-blown nonwoven material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112899886A true CN112899886A (en) | 2021-06-04 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114672892A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-06-28 | 武汉纺织大学 | Preparation method of polylactic acid superfine fiber, preparation method of composite material and application |
| CN115262090A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-01 | 苏州贝彩纳米科技有限公司 | Degradable elastic polylactic acid melt-blown nonwoven material and preparation method thereof |
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| EP1057915A1 (en) * | 1999-06-02 | 2000-12-06 | Unitika Ltd. | Biodegradable filament nonwoven fabric and method of producing the same |
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2021
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114672892A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-06-28 | 武汉纺织大学 | Preparation method of polylactic acid superfine fiber, preparation method of composite material and application |
| CN115262090A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-01 | 苏州贝彩纳米科技有限公司 | Degradable elastic polylactic acid melt-blown nonwoven material and preparation method thereof |
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