CN112899875A - Three-dimensional integral weaving method based on 3D printing forming and prepared composite material - Google Patents
Three-dimensional integral weaving method based on 3D printing forming and prepared composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN112899875A CN112899875A CN202110043319.2A CN202110043319A CN112899875A CN 112899875 A CN112899875 A CN 112899875A CN 202110043319 A CN202110043319 A CN 202110043319A CN 112899875 A CN112899875 A CN 112899875A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
- D04C3/00—Braiding or lacing machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/24—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least three directions forming a three dimensional structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
- D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
- D04C1/06—Braid or lace serving particular purposes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional integral weaving method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping and a prepared composite material, which comprises the following steps: constructing a 3D printing model of a base model; arranging yarns; weaving the prefabricated member by three-dimensional weaving; and (5) compounding and curing the resin. According to the invention, the 3D printing technology and the three-dimensional weaving technology are combined, one-time three-dimensional weaving forming of a complex special-shaped component can be rapidly realized, the process flow is simplified, the automation degree is high, and the 3D printing technology has strong operability, and the application requirements of various three-dimensional weaving finished products can be met by reasonably selecting the 3D printing material and the base die structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional weaving, in particular to a three-dimensional integral weaving method based on 3D printing rapid forming and a prepared composite material.
Background
The three-dimensional braided composite material has the advantages of high specific strength, specific modulus, high damage tolerance, high fracture toughness, impact resistance, no delamination, fatigue resistance, ablation resistance and the like, is widely applied to high-temperature resistant structures of aviation, aerospace and the like, and is commonly used for one-step molding of complex parts in the actual industrial production process. However, the existing three-dimensional braided composite material has the disadvantages of too few varieties, low processing efficiency and high process cost, is not beneficial to optimizing the performance of the composite material, and is difficult to meet the requirements of members with higher requirements on rigidity and strength. In order to obtain a three-dimensional braided composite material with better comprehensive performance, more three-dimensional braiding processes need to be developed urgently. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional weaving technology generally needs to finish the operation by means of a base die to realize the weaving and forming of the complex special-shaped member, which has higher requirement on the manufacturing precision of the base die; in addition, for the knitting operation of the hollow member and the like, the removal of the base mold is completed on the basis of not damaging the three-dimensional knitting composite material member, which also becomes a technical problem difficult to solve for the special-shaped member.
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing technology or Rapid Prototyping (RP), is based on the principle of decomposing a three-dimensional model designed by a computer into a plurality of layers of planar slices, then superimposing the printed materials layer by layer according to slice patterns, and finally piling up the printed materials into a complete object. The 3D printing advantages include: the manufacturing cost is reduced by about 50%, the processing period is shortened by 70%, the design and manufacture integration is realized, the 3D printing precision is high, the material types are various, and the printing requirements of structural members made of different materials can be met, such as PLA (environment-friendly material), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), nylon, PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate), wood materials, resin, metal powder, ceramic and the like.
Therefore, it is an urgent technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to provide a three-dimensional integral knitting method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping, which has a simple process and a high degree of automation, and can be used for preparing a complex irregular member, and a composite material prepared thereby.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a three-dimensional overall knitting method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping, which combines a 3D printing technology and a three-dimensional knitting technology to realize one-time rapid three-dimensional knitting prototyping of a complex irregular member, simplifies a process flow, has a high degree of automation, and can meet application requirements of various three-dimensional knitting finished products by reasonably selecting a 3D printing material and a base mold structure due to strong operability of the 3D printing technology. The specific scheme for achieving the purpose is as follows:
a three-dimensional integral weaving method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping comprises the following steps:
step 1, constructing a 3D printing model of a base model, and acquiring all n layers of three-dimensional data information of the base model;
step 2, arranging yarns, namely fixing a chassis of a weaving machine at the same side of the 3D printing mechanical arm, distributing yarn carriers at the periphery of the 3D printing mechanical arm along a chassis track, and arranging the weaving yarns in an initial arrangement along the radial direction and the circumferential direction according to a fabric weave structure in which the weaving yarns and winding yarns are interwoven;
step 3, preparing a prefabricated part, wherein when the base mold is printed to the kth layer in a 3D mode, three-dimensional weaving is carried out layer by layer from the 1 st layer of the base mold based on the surface of the base mold, the yarn carrier is interwoven along the chassis track according to the structure of the base mold of the previous k layers according to a preset weaving path, and meanwhile, the 3D printing mechanical arm carries out printing operation of the kth +1 th layer of base mold until three-dimensional weaving of all n layers of base molds is completed to form the composite prefabricated part;
and 4, performing resin composite curing, namely injecting resin into the composite material prefabricated part which is woven in the three-dimensional mode, and heating and performing composite curing after the composite material prefabricated part is fully impregnated with the resin.
Preferably, the base mold is made by printing soluble 3D printing materials, including but not limited to BVOH and PVA.
Preferably, step 4 is followed by: dissolving a base mold, namely immersing the composite material prefabricated part in a solvent for dissolving the soluble 3D printing material, and taking out the composite material prefabricated part after the base mold is completely dissolved, wherein the composite material prefabricated part forms a hollow structure; wherein the solvent includes, but is not limited to, water.
Preferably, the k value in step 3 is set according to a basic mode structure.
Preferably, the preset knitting path in the step 3 is adapted to the design shape of the base die, and all or part of the yarn carriers are selected and called as required.
Preferably, a plurality of mutually independent basic die substructures of the same layer are printed at the same time, at the moment, the yarn carrying device is divided according to regions, the distribution of each region is matched with the distribution of the plurality of basic die substructures of the layer, and the surface layers of the plurality of basic die substructures are woven in a three-dimensional mode.
The 3D printing is performed layer by layer according to the slice pattern, so that the whole structure of the base die is formed by layer in an overlapping mode, conditions are provided for simplifying the three-dimensional weaving process flow, the base die of the special-shaped component does not need to adapt to post-processing of three-dimensional weaving and removing operation of the base die, the assembling and disassembling sequence of complex parts is considered, the number of levels occupied by the base die sub-structures with the same section shapes and the appearance characteristics of the base die sub-structures are only needed to be considered, and the simultaneous weaving of a plurality of base die structures can be realized by selecting the yarn carrier areas and the weaving paths of the yarn carriers in the areas.
The invention discloses a three-dimensional integral weaving method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping and a prepared composite material, which introduces a 3D printing technology into the three-dimensional weaving method and has the following advantages:
1. the process steps of base die design, base die forming, three-dimensional weaving and prefabricated part forming are closely linked to form an integrated production and processing flow, three-dimensional weaving operation can be carried out while the base die is printed, the process is simplified, and the automation degree of the three-dimensional weaving technology is improved;
2. the one-time three-dimensional weaving forming of the complex special-shaped component is realized, and the 3D printing technology has stronger operability, and the application requirements of various three-dimensional weaving finished products can be realized by reasonably selecting 3D printing materials: (1) on the basis of the original three-dimensional woven composite material, a hard 3D printing material such as metal powder is selected to serve as a 3D printing base mold to be supported inside the three-dimensional woven composite material, so that the rigidity and the strength of the special-shaped component are increased; (2) the 3D printing material is mostly a high polymer material, and most of the physical properties (such as toughness, rigidity, fatigue resistance and the like) and chemical properties of the 3D printing material can not meet the actual use requirements of engineering, can not be used as functional parts, and can only be used as prototype parts, so that the application of the 3D printing material is greatly reduced.
3. The manufacturing precision of the special-shaped component prefabricated part can be effectively improved, the damage to the three-dimensional woven finished product caused by post-processing is avoided, the base die can be dismantled without cutting the fabric organizational structure of the three-dimensional woven structure, the integrity of the finished product is high, and the qualification rate of the three-dimensional woven finished product is further guaranteed.
4. The prepared composite material can realize three-dimensional weaving while 3D printing, and is rapidly molded at one time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a three-dimensional integral knitting method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a three-dimensional integral knitting method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
Although the performances of shearing resistance, bending resistance, torsion resistance, impact resistance and the like of the composite material manufactured by the existing three-dimensional weaving technology are partially improved, the traditional composite material cannot show good stress performance for the special-shaped supporting structural member with the requirements on material hardness and rigidity, and the method effectively integrates the 3D printing technology and the three-dimensional weaving method in the textile industry to improve the stress strength of the special-shaped three-dimensional weaving composite material.
As shown in fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention discloses a three-dimensional integral knitting method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, constructing the 3D printing model of the base model, and acquiring all n layers of three-dimensional data information of the base model.
And S2, arranging yarns, fixing the chassis of the weaving machine at the same side of the 3D printing mechanical arm, distributing the yarn carriers at the periphery of the 3D printing mechanical arm along the chassis track, and arranging the weaving yarns in the initial arrangement along the radial direction and the circumferential direction according to the fabric weave structure of weaving yarns and winding yarns.
It should be noted that, chassis central point puts and leaves the handle hole for 3D prints the arm, supplies 3D to print the arm and stretches into and weave the district, and 3D prints the arm design and is the multijoint arm, is connected with the forearm of printing the shower nozzle, and the rotatable scope of forearm satisfies the printing needs of basic mode product size, and consequently, the handle hole can not take place the position change because of the removal of 3D printing arm, can not influence and take the yarn ware at the orbital route of weaving that removes of chassis.
S3, preparing a prefabricated member, and when the base mold is printed to the k-th layer in a 3D mode, three-dimensional weaving is carried out layer by layer from the 1 st layer of the base mold based on the surface of the base mold, the yarn carrier is interwoven along a chassis track according to the structure of the front k layers of the base mold and a preset weaving path, meanwhile, the 3D printing mechanical arm carries out printing operation of the (k + 1) th layer of the base mold until three-dimensional weaving of all n layers of the base mold is completed, and the composite prefabricated member is formed.
The 3D printing direction is consistent with the three-dimensional weaving direction, the k value is set according to the basic die structure, and the setting conditions can be as follows: 1. dividing the structure of the basic mold according to the difference of the cross section structure of the basic mold, and printing the basic mold structures with the same cross section structure and simultaneously performing three-dimensional weaving operation of the current cross section; 2. and dividing according to the initial printing height of the base mold, and determining the value of k by referring to the three-dimensional weaving speed if the layer stacking height of the same cross section structure is too high so as to meet the requirement that the three-dimensional weaving program is delayed from the required time of the 3D printing program.
And S4, performing resin compounding and curing, namely injecting resin into the three-dimensional woven composite material prefabricated part, and heating and compounding and curing after the composite material prefabricated part is fully impregnated with the resin.
Further, the knitting path preset in S3 is adapted to the design shape of the base die, and the entire yarn carrier or a part of the yarn carrier is selectively called as needed.
Further, a plurality of mutually independent basic mode substructure of same aspect are printed simultaneously and are accomplished, and at this moment, the ware of carrying the yarn divides according to the region, and each regional distribution is distributed the phase-match with a plurality of basic mode substructure of aspect, carries out three-dimensional weaving on a plurality of basic mode substructure top layer simultaneously.
The present embodiment takes a rectangular frame as an example to describe a provided three-dimensional integral knitting method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping:
1) and printing the bottom frame. The method comprises the steps of selecting metal powder as a 3D printing material, printing k layers of three-dimensional data information of a bottom frame by a 3D printing mechanical arm according to a 3D printing model of a base mold, and taking the value of k as the number of layers of the bottom frame.
2) The wiring of the knitting yarns. And m strands of yarns are arranged, one end of each yarn is fixed on the yarn carrying device, and the other end of each yarn is uniformly hung on the inner side and the outer side of the bottom frame along the radial direction.
3) And (5) weaving the bottom frame. And after the printing of the three-bit data information of the kth layer is finished, starting a knitting machine, starting three-dimensional knitting of the yarn carrier along the surface of the bottom frame according to a preset bottom frame knitting path, finishing transverse/longitudinal interweaving by combining transverse knitting yarns, and forming a bottom frame knitting part. Meanwhile, the 3D printing mechanical arm continuously prints the operation, and begins to print 4 stand columns until the top frame is printed.
4)4 upright posts are woven. Divide into 4 regions with m ply yarn, realize the radial knitting of 4 stands respectively, 4 regional yarn carriers weave according to the same stand knitting route of presetting simultaneously, can realize the operation of weaving of 4 stands simultaneously.
5) And (4) weaving the top frame. In the step, the bottom frame is woven, the yarn carrying devices in 4 areas are reset to carry out three-dimensional weaving according to a preset top frame weaving path, and a composite material prefabricated part is formed after weaving is completed.
6) And (5) compounding and curing the resin. And injecting resin into the three-dimensional woven composite material prefabricated part, fully impregnating the composite material prefabricated part with the resin, and heating, compounding and curing to obtain a finished product.
The metal base die printed by the metal powder has high hardness, can effectively provide supporting force as an internal supporting piece of the three-dimensional woven composite material, and has a tougher and firmer product structure.
Meanwhile, for a base mold formed by the 3D polymer printing material, a fabric structure made of a high-performance composite material is formed outside the base mold through a three-dimensional weaving method, mechanical properties such as toughness, rigidity and fatigue resistance of the 3D printing base mold are improved, and the two realize complementary technical effects.
Example two
A second embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 2. The second embodiment of the present invention is mainly different from the first embodiment in that,
the base mold is made by printing soluble 3D printing materials, including but not limited to BVOH and PVA;
then, the process proceeds to step S4, where the specific step of S5 is the same as S4 in the first embodiment, and is not repeated here.
Dissolving the base mold as step S5, immersing the composite material prefabricated part in a solvent for dissolving the soluble 3D printing material, taking out after the base mold is completely dissolved, and forming a hollow structure by the composite material prefabricated part; wherein the solvent includes, but is not limited to, water.
This embodiment provides a hollow member for manufacturing any structure requiring weight reduction and/or requiring the provision of a passageway. For example, after a composite material preform containing a mold using BVOH groups is subjected to resin compounding and curing, the composite material preform is immersed in water, and after several minutes, BVOH is dissolved in water, and at this time, the composite material preform forms a hollow structural frame, and then the final product is obtained. The treatment process can easily remove the base mold, does not damage the composite material, and ensures the complete shape of the product. Meanwhile, the method expands the application range of three-dimensional weaving and can quickly realize the three-dimensional weaving of various complex special-shaped components.
The three-dimensional integral weaving method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping provided by the invention is described in detail above, and the principle and the implementation of the invention are explained in the present document by applying specific examples, and the description of the above examples is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Claims (6)
1. A three-dimensional integral weaving method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, constructing a 3D printing model of a base model, and acquiring all n layers of three-dimensional data information of the base model;
step 2, arranging yarns, namely fixing a chassis of a weaving machine at the same side of the 3D printing mechanical arm, distributing yarn carriers at the periphery of the 3D printing mechanical arm along a chassis track, and arranging the weaving yarns in an initial arrangement along the radial direction and the circumferential direction according to a fabric weave structure in which the weaving yarns and winding yarns are interwoven;
step 3, preparing a prefabricated part, wherein when the base mold is printed to the kth layer in a 3D mode, three-dimensional weaving is carried out layer by layer from the 1 st layer of the base mold based on the surface of the base mold, the yarn carrier is interwoven along the chassis track according to the structure of the base mold of the previous k layers according to a preset weaving path, and meanwhile, the 3D printing mechanical arm carries out printing operation of the kth +1 th layer of base mold until three-dimensional weaving of all n layers of base molds is completed to form the composite prefabricated part;
and 4, performing resin composite curing, namely injecting resin into the composite material prefabricated part which is woven in the three-dimensional mode, and heating and performing composite curing after the composite material prefabricated part is fully impregnated with the resin.
2. The three-dimensional integral weaving method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping of claim 1 is characterized in that the base mold is made by printing soluble 3D printing materials, including but not limited to BVOH and PVA.
3. The three-dimensional integral weaving method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping as set forth in claim 2, characterized in that the step 4 is followed by further steps of: dissolving a base mold, namely immersing the composite material prefabricated part in a solvent for dissolving the soluble 3D printing material, and taking out the composite material prefabricated part after the base mold is completely dissolved, wherein the composite material prefabricated part forms a hollow structure; wherein the solvent includes, but is not limited to, water.
4. The three-dimensional integral weaving method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping as claimed in claim 1, wherein the k value in step 3 is set according to the structure of a basic mold.
5. The three-dimensional integral weaving method based on 3D printing rapid prototyping as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the preset weaving path in step 3 is adapted to the design shape of the base die, and all or part of the yarn carriers are selected and called as required.
6. A composite material, characterized in that the composite material is manufactured by the three-dimensional integral weaving method based on 3D printing forming according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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