CN112899650A - Preparation method of (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating with excellent stability - Google Patents

Preparation method of (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating with excellent stability Download PDF

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CN112899650A
CN112899650A CN202110052656.8A CN202110052656A CN112899650A CN 112899650 A CN112899650 A CN 112899650A CN 202110052656 A CN202110052656 A CN 202110052656A CN 112899650 A CN112899650 A CN 112899650A
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temperature
furnace
deposition
heating
tacl
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CN112899650B (en
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李忠盛
吴护林
丛大龙
何庆兵
陈大军
赵子鹏
田武强
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No 59 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industry
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/44Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/30Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
    • C23C16/32Carbides

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating with excellent stability, which sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) in an argon protective glove box, TaCl is prepared and contained5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Mixing the powder; (2) putting the matrix sample in a deposition furnace, removing air, and then heating; (3) putting the mixed powder into a double-temperature-zone gasification furnace, and setting the heating temperature of a low-temperature zone and a high-temperature zone; (4) introduction of H2、CH4And the mixed gas after complete gasification is deposited under normal pressure; (5) after deposition is complete, H is turned off2、CH4,And cooling the deposition furnace and the dual-temperature-zone gasification furnace to take out the sample. The preparation method can accurately control the proportion of the reaction source, can ensure tight and firm combination with the matrix material and excellent stability, and is suitable for ultra-high temperature protection of graphite, carbon-carbon composite materials and the like.

Description

Preparation method of (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating with excellent stability
The application is a divisional application with the application number of 201910242863.2 and the name of 'a method for preparing a multi-component composite carbide coating'.
Technical Field
The invention relates to surface ultra-high temperature protection of materials such as C/C composite materials and graphite, in particular to a preparation method of a (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating with excellent stability.
Background
At present, the carbide coating is widely prepared on the surface of the C/C composite material at home and abroad to improve the high-temperature ablation resistance of the C/C composite material. For example, single coatings such as SiC, TaC, HfC and the like are prepared, the coatings have better high-temperature resistance, and various high-temperature resistant coating materials have different advantages, but are suitable for being used at the high temperature below 2000 ℃; and preparing (Ta, Hf) C, (Hf, Zr) C and other multiphase coatings, and is suitable for high temperature below 3000 ℃. The multiphase coating can enable all phase components in the coating to play a synergistic effect through reasonable component design, and effectively improve the service temperature of the C/C composite material. As an important means for preparing the complex phase coating, the chemical vapor deposition technology has the advantages of strong designability, high coating purity, controllable reaction atmosphere, simple operation and the like. At present, three-component and above composite coatings are prepared by a chemical vapor deposition method, the ablation resistance and the protection capability of the coatings are further improved, and the method becomes a research hotspot of ultrahigh-temperature ceramic coatings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating with excellent stability, which can accurately control the proportion of reaction sources, can ensure tight and firm combination with a base material and excellent stability, and is suitable for ultra-high temperature protection of graphite, carbon-carbon composite materials and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating with excellent stability is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps:
(1) in an argon protective glove box, TaCl is added5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Mixing the powder, and filling the powder into an alumina crucible; wherein TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Prepared according to the mass percentage of 55 percent, 35 percent and 10 percent respectively;
(2) placing the matrix sample on a bracket of a deposition furnace, and introducing argon with the flow rate of 200ml/min into the deposition furnace for 30min to remove air in the furnace; heating the deposition furnace at the heating rate of 5-20 ℃/min to reach the deposition temperature of 1300 ℃;
(3) will contain TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Placing the crucible of the mixed powder on a lifting support of a low-temperature area in a dual-temperature area gasification furnace, lifting the lifting support to enable the opening of the crucible to be communicated with a high-temperature area, setting the heating temperature of the low-temperature area (gasification area) in the dual-temperature area gasification furnace to be 320 ℃, setting the heating temperature of the high-temperature area (mixing area) to be 550 ℃, and heating to enable the mixed powder to be completely gasified;
(4) h with the flow rate of 500ml/min is introduced into the deposition furnace2CH with a flow rate of 100ml/min4Introducing argon with the flow rate of 180ml/min as carrier gas into the bottom of the high-temperature region in the dual-temperature-region gasification furnace, and completely gasifying to obtain TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4The mixed gas is introduced into a deposition furnace, and the deposition time is 2 hours under the normal pressure condition;
(5) after the coating deposition is complete, H is turned off2、CH4And closing the heating power supplies of the deposition furnace and the dual-temperature-zone gasification furnace under the protection of argon, and taking out the sample when the temperature of the furnace is reduced to be below 200 ℃.
The inventor has found through long-term repeated tests that when the chemical vapor deposition method is adopted to prepare the (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating in the existing method, the powder feeding mode mainly comprises mechanical powder feeding (namely, directly feeding powder into a deposition furnace to perform vapor deposition reaction) and independent gasification powder feeding (namely, each powder raw material is independently gasified in a respective gasification furnace and then fed into the deposition furnace to be mixed and deposited). The powder feeding modes cause that the amount of each raw material powder actually participating in the reaction is not accurate, the proportion of each raw material powder in the obtained mixed raw material powder is not consistent with the proportion of an original design, the obtained mixed raw material powder is not uniformly mixed, and the high temperature resistance of the prepared solid solution coating is influenced by various conditions such as atmosphere conditions, temperature and the like in the preparation process. According to the invention, by combining a specific powder feeding mode and setting conditions such as atmosphere conditions and temperature in the preparation process, accurate stoichiometric ratio of each component in the prepared (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating is realized, accurate control of the proportion of the reaction source is the key for preparing the high-performance (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating, and tight and firm combination of the coating and the base material and excellent stability are ensured.
A preparation method of a (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating with excellent stability is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps:
(1) adding TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Mixing the powders, loading into an alumina crucible under nitrogen or argon protection, wherein TaCl is added5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Prepared according to the mass percentage of 55 to 75 percent, 20 to 35 percent and 5 to 10 percent respectively;
(2) placing a substrate sample on a bracket of a deposition furnace, and introducing argon with the flow rate of 100 ml/min-800 ml/min into the deposition furnace for not less than 30min so as to remove air in the furnace; heating the deposition furnace at the heating rate of 5-20 ℃/min to reach the deposition temperature of 1200-1600 ℃;
(3) will contain TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Placing the crucible of the mixed powder on a lifting support of a low-temperature area in a dual-temperature area gasification furnace, lifting the lifting support to communicate the opening of the crucible with a high-temperature area, setting the heating temperature of the low-temperature area in the dual-temperature area gasification furnace to be 210-450 ℃, the heating temperature of the high-temperature area to be 550-700 ℃, and addingThe mixed powder is completely gasified by heat;
(4) h with the flow rate of 500 ml/min-1200 ml/min is introduced into the deposition furnace2CH with flow rate of 100 ml/min-500 ml/min4Introducing argon with the flow rate of 50-1000 ml/min as carrier gas into the bottom of the high-temperature region in the dual-temperature-region gasification furnace, and completely gasifying to obtain TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4The mixed gas is introduced into a deposition furnace, and the (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating is prepared by deposition under the normal pressure condition, the deposition time is 1-50 h, namely the (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating with the coating thickness of 10-500 mu m is prepared;
(5) after the coating deposition is complete, H is turned off2、CH4And closing the deposition furnace and the double-temperature-zone gasification furnace under the protection of argon, and taking out the sample when the furnace temperature is reduced to be below 200 ℃.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a preparation method of a (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating with excellent stability. The preparation method realizes the complete gasification of all mixed powder into gaseous state by combining a specific powder feeding mode and setting conditions such as atmosphere conditions, temperature and the like in the preparation process, ensures that the proportion of gaseous reaction sources entering a deposition furnace is the same as the proportion (namely the design proportion) in the powder state, solves the problem of accurate deposition of the reaction sources according to the design proportion, ensures that the stoichiometric ratio of each component in the prepared (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating is accurate, and also ensures that the coating is tightly and firmly combined with a base material and has excellent stability. By adopting the method, the prepared C/C composite material deposited with the (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating meets the use requirement in an ultrahigh temperature environment of more than 3500 ℃, has excellent ultrahigh temperature ablation resistance, has a complete structure of the (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating after being ablated for 38s in a plasma ablation test, has no cracking and falling phenomena, is tightly and firmly combined with the C/C composite material, has excellent stability, and is suitable for ultrahigh temperature protection of graphite, carbon-carbon composite materials and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a chemical vapor deposition system used in a method for producing a (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating layer excellent in stability according to example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional structure of a base sample on which a (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating layer was deposited, which was prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Example 1
A preparation method of a (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating with excellent stability sequentially comprises the following steps, wherein the specific structure of a chemical vapor deposition system is shown in the attached figure 1:
(1) in an argon protective glove box, TaCl is added5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Mixing the powder, and filling the powder into an alumina crucible; wherein TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Prepared according to the mass percentage of 55 percent, 35 percent and 10 percent respectively;
(2) placing the matrix sample on a bracket of a deposition furnace, and introducing argon with the flow rate of 200ml/min into the deposition furnace for 30min to remove air in the furnace; heating the deposition furnace at the heating rate of 5-20 ℃/min to reach the deposition temperature of 1300 ℃;
(3) will contain TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Placing the crucible of the mixed powder on a lifting support of a low-temperature area in a dual-temperature-area gasification furnace, lifting the lifting support to ensure that the opening part of the crucible is matched and communicated with a conical channel opening on the bottom of a heat insulation layer positioned between the low-temperature area and a high-temperature area, namely, the opening part of the crucible is communicated with the high-temperature area, setting the heating temperature of the low-temperature area (gasification area) in the dual-temperature-area gasification furnace to be 320 ℃, the heating temperature of the high-temperature area (mixing area) to be 550 ℃, and heating to ensure that;
(4) h with the flow rate of 500ml/min is introduced into the deposition furnace2CH with a flow rate of 100ml/min4Introducing argon with the flow rate of 180ml/min as carrier gas into the bottom of the high-temperature region in the dual-temperature-region gasification furnace, and completely gasifying to obtain TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4The mixed gas is introduced into a deposition furnace, and the deposition time is 2 hours under the normal pressure condition;
(5) after the coating deposition is complete, H is turned off2、CH4And closing the heating power supplies of the deposition furnace and the dual-temperature-zone gasification furnace under the protection of argon, and taking out the sample when the temperature of the furnace is reduced to be below 200 ℃.
The bonding strength of the (Ta, Hf and Zr) C composite coating obtained in the example is 12.3MPa, the plasma ablation test method is adopted by referring to GJB323A-96, and after the coating is ablated for 20s, the coating structure is complete and has no cracking and falling phenomena. The cross-sectional structure of the substrate sample deposited with the (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating layer prepared in this example is shown in FIG. 2.
Example 2
A method for preparing a (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating layer having excellent stability, comprising the following steps in order, wherein the structure of the chemical vapor deposition system used is the same as that of example 1:
(1) in an argon protective glove box, TaCl is added5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Mixing the powder, and filling the powder into an alumina crucible; wherein TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Prepared according to the mass percentages of 75 percent, 20 percent and 5 percent respectively;
(2) placing the matrix sample on a bracket of a deposition furnace, and introducing argon with the flow rate of 200ml/min into the deposition furnace for 30min to remove air in the furnace; heating the deposition furnace at the temperature rise rate of 5-20 ℃/min to reach the deposition temperature of 1400 ℃;
(3) will contain TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Placing the crucible of the mixed powder on a lifting support of a low-temperature area in a dual-temperature-area gasification furnace, lifting the lifting support to ensure that the opening part of the crucible is matched and communicated with a conical passage opening on the bottom of a heat insulation layer positioned between the low-temperature area and a high-temperature area, namely, the opening part of the crucible is communicated with the high-temperature area, setting the heating temperature of the low-temperature area (gasification area) in the dual-temperature-area gasification furnace to be 400 ℃, the heating temperature of the high-temperature area (mixing area) to be 600 ℃, and heating to ensure that;
(4) h with the flow rate of 800ml/min is introduced into the deposition furnace2CH with a flow rate of 200ml/min4Introducing argon with the flow rate of 300ml/min as carrier gas into the bottom of the high-temperature region in the dual-temperature-region gasification furnace, and completely gasifying to obtain TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4The mixed gas is introduced into a deposition furnace, and the deposition time is 3 hours under the normal pressure condition;
(5) after the coating deposition is complete, H is turned off2、CH4And closing the heating power supplies of the deposition furnace and the dual-temperature-zone gasification furnace under the protection of argon, and taking out the sample when the temperature of the furnace is reduced to be below 200 ℃.
The bonding strength of the (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating obtained in the embodiment is 11.5MPa, and after 30 seconds of ablation, the coating structure is complete and has no cracking or falling-off phenomenon by adopting a plasma ablation test method according to GJB 323A-96.
Example 3
A method for preparing a (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating layer having excellent stability, comprising the following steps in order, wherein the structure of the chemical vapor deposition system used is the same as that of example 1:
(1) in an argon protective glove box, TaCl is added5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Mixing the powder, and filling the powder into an alumina crucible; wherein TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Prepared according to the mass percentage of 60 percent, 30 percent and 10 percent respectively;
(2) placing the matrix sample on a bracket of a deposition furnace, and introducing argon with the flow rate of 200ml/min into the deposition furnace for 30min to remove air in the furnace; heating the deposition furnace at the temperature rise rate of 5-20 ℃/min to reach the deposition temperature of 1400 ℃;
(3) will contain TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Placing the crucible of the mixed powder on a lifting support of a low-temperature area in a dual-temperature-area gasification furnace, lifting the lifting support to ensure that the opening part of the crucible is matched and communicated with a conical passage opening on the bottom of a heat insulation layer positioned between the low-temperature area and a high-temperature area, namely, the opening part of the crucible is communicated with the high-temperature area, setting the heating temperature of the low-temperature area (gasification area) in the dual-temperature-area gasification furnace to be 450 ℃, the heating temperature of the high-temperature area (mixing area) to be 650 ℃, and heating to ensure that;
(4) introducing into the deposition furnaceH with a flow rate of 100ml/min2CH with a flow rate of 250ml/min4Introducing argon with the flow rate of 420ml/min as carrier gas into the bottom of the high-temperature region in the dual-temperature-region gasification furnace, and completely gasifying to obtain TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4The mixed gas is introduced into a deposition furnace, and the deposition time is 4 hours under the normal pressure condition;
(5) after the coating deposition is complete, H is turned off2、CH4And closing the heating power supplies of the deposition furnace and the dual-temperature-zone gasification furnace under the protection of argon, and taking out the sample when the temperature of the furnace is reduced to be below 200 ℃.
The bonding strength of the (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating obtained in the embodiment is 10.7MPa, a plasma ablation test method is adopted by referring to GJB323A-96, and after the coating is ablated for 38s, the coating is complete in structure and free of cracking and falling phenomena.

Claims (1)

1. A preparation method of a (Ta, Hf, Zr) C composite coating with excellent stability is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps:
(1) in an argon protective glove box, TaCl is added5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Mixing the powder, and filling the powder into an alumina crucible; wherein TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Prepared according to the mass percentage of 55 percent, 35 percent and 10 percent respectively;
(2) placing the matrix sample on a bracket of a deposition furnace, and introducing argon with the flow rate of 200ml/min into the deposition furnace for 30min to remove air in the furnace; heating the deposition furnace at the heating rate of 5-20 ℃/min to reach the deposition temperature of 1300 ℃;
(3) will contain TaCl5、HfCl4And ZrCl4Placing the crucible of the mixed powder on a lifting support of a low-temperature area in a dual-temperature area gasification furnace, lifting the lifting support to enable the opening of the crucible to be communicated with a high-temperature area, setting the heating temperature of the low-temperature area in the dual-temperature area gasification furnace to be 320 ℃, setting the heating temperature of the high-temperature area to be 550 ℃, and heating to enable the mixed powder to be completely gasified;
(4) h with the flow rate of 500ml/min is introduced into the deposition furnace2CH with a flow rate of 100ml/min4And in a dual-temperature zone gasification furnaceArgon with the flow rate of 180ml/min is introduced into the bottom of the high-temperature zone to be used as carrier gas, and TaCl obtained after complete gasification is obtained5、HfCl4And ZrCl4The mixed gas is introduced into a deposition furnace, and the deposition time is 2 hours under the normal pressure condition;
(5) after the coating deposition is complete, H is turned off2、CH4And closing the heating power supplies of the deposition furnace and the dual-temperature-zone gasification furnace under the protection of argon, and taking out the sample when the temperature of the furnace is reduced to be below 200 ℃.
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