CN112899461A - Special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening method and device - Google Patents
Special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112899461A CN112899461A CN202110252122.XA CN202110252122A CN112899461A CN 112899461 A CN112899461 A CN 112899461A CN 202110252122 A CN202110252122 A CN 202110252122A CN 112899461 A CN112899461 A CN 112899461A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 202
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 200
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 206010066054 Dysmorphism Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 75
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for strengthening a special-shaped cam by local copying and compounding, belonging to the technical field of heat treatment strengthening.A fuel supply cam shaft is not integrally quenched after carburization straightening and stress relief tempering, but the shaft diameter of the fuel supply cam shaft and the special-shaped cam are respectively quenched and tempered by local medium frequency induction; a shaft diameter quenching inductor is adopted for heating each shaft neck of the oil supply camshaft, and then quenching medium is sprayed for cooling and quenching; and aiming at each special-shaped cam of the oil supply cam shaft, a special-shaped cam profiling quenching inductor is adopted for heating, and then quenching medium is sprayed for cooling and quenching. The method adopts a special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening device to respectively carry out local medium frequency induction quenching and tempering on the shaft diameter of the carburized and straightened oil supply cam shaft and the special-shaped cam; the risk of damage to the engine due to abnormal abrasion of the oil supply camshaft in the early stage caused by low wear resistance and contact fatigue resistance due to low surface hardness, uneven hardness and deep hardened layer of the oil supply camshaft is completely eliminated, and the service life and the reliability of the engine are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment strengthening, in particular to a method and a device for strengthening a special-shaped cam by local copying and compounding.
Background
The oil-fed camshaft is an important component of the engine. The cam profile shape of the oil supply camshaft affects the combustion conditions in the engine cylinder, including the timing of combustion and the heat release schedule. With the increasing strengthening of engine power and the increasing of emission requirements of the environment, increasing the injection pressure of fuel oil is one of the main ways to improve the performance of the engine. The increase of the fuel injection pressure leads to the great increase of the contact stress between the oil supply camshaft cam and the roller of the oil injection pump. In order to ensure the fuel injection pressure, the fuel supply acceleration and the accuracy, the fuel supply cam is matched with the fuel injection characteristic of an electric control pump, the shape of the fuel supply camshaft cam is completely different from the symmetrical tangent line type of the distribution camshaft, and a special-shaped composite shape of a concave arc surface (similar to a straight line) and a parabola and a semicircular base circle is adopted.
The oil supply camshaft of the heavy-duty engine is generally subjected to carburizing straightening and stress relief tempering by using low-carbon alloy steel and then integrally quenched, so that the surface hardness, the wear resistance and the contact fatigue performance are improved.
The integral quenching technology after carburizing and straightening and stress-relief tempering of the oil supply camshaft mainly has the defects of low surface hardness, low wear resistance and contact fatigue resistance, high environmental pollution and the like of a finished product due to the fact that an effective hardening layer is not uniform in depth, soft spots and large in deformation and too large machining allowance.
The effective hardened layer produced by the whole quenching after the carburization straightening and the stress relief tempering is not uniform in depth and is shallow, and the direct connection exists between the troostite produced in the surface layer tissue and a large amount of ferrite existing in the core tissue. This is related to the low carbon content of the surface layer and the different cooling conditions that exist at various locations during the quenching process. The oil supply camshaft is generally heated to the quenching temperature by a pit furnace, and is discharged after the heat preservation is finished. The crane connecting tool and the four oil supply cam shafts are lifted to an oil groove for quenching, and the process is about ten seconds. The temperature of the parts can be reduced when the parts are exposed in the air, and when the parts are vertically quenched, due to the sequence of time of entering the oil and the continuous rising of the oil temperature, and the sizes of the cross sections of the parts are different, the cooling conditions of all parts of the oil supply camshaft are inconsistent. The quenched martensite structure generated at each position of the oil supply camshaft is deep or shallow, and a troostite (quenched soft spot) is generated, and the coarse ferrite structure generated by long-time carburization remains in the core structure because the core structure is not refined due to poor cooling conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method and a device for locally profiling and compounding strengthening of a special-shaped cam, wherein the oil supply cam shaft is not integrally quenched after carburization straightening and stress relief tempering, but the shaft diameter and the special-shaped cam are respectively quenched and tempered locally, so that the oil supply cam shaft has the advantages of small machining allowance, high surface hardness, high wear resistance and high contact fatigue resistance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a composite strengthening method for the local profile modeling of shaped cam features that the oil supply cam shaft is first quenched and tempered by local medium-frequency induction, and then quenched and tempered by local medium-frequency induction.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the local medium frequency induction quenching of the shaft diameter of the oil supply camshaft means that a shaft diameter quenching inductor is adopted for heating and then spraying quenching medium for cooling quenching aiming at the shaft neck of the oil supply camshaft, a quenching numerical control system in camshaft induction quenching equipment is used for controlling the rotation of the oil supply camshaft, and the heating induction quenching is respectively carried out on each shaft diameter in a mode that the shaft diameter quenching inductor and a transformer move up and down.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the local medium-frequency induction quenching of the special-shaped cam of the oil supply cam shaft means that a special-shaped cam profile quenching inductor is adopted for heating and then spraying a quenching medium for cooling quenching aiming at the special-shaped cam of the oil supply cam shaft, a quenching numerical control system in cam shaft induction quenching equipment is used for controlling a servo motor to accurately control the rotating angle of the oil supply cam shaft, and the special-shaped cam profile quenching inductor is adopted for moving up and down to respectively carry out heating induction quenching on each special-shaped cam.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: when the shaft diameter is subjected to induction quenching, the heating power of the shaft diameter is 121KW, the heating time is 3.2S, the cooling time is 10S, the flow of a quenching medium is 43L/min, and the quenching medium is 6 percent PAG water-soluble quenching liquid.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: when the profile modeling induction quenching is carried out on the special-shaped cam, the heating power of the special-shaped cam is 98KW, the heating time is 4.7S, the cooling time is 10S, the flow rate of a quenching medium is 43L/min, and the quenching medium is 6 percent PAG water-soluble quenching liquid.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the tempering temperature is 180 degrees after the shaft diameter of the oil supply camshaft is subjected to local medium frequency induction quenching, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours; the tempering temperature is 180 degrees after the special-shaped cam of the oil supply camshaft is subjected to local medium frequency induction quenching, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: after local medium frequency induction quenching and tempering, the surface metallographic structure of the oil supply camshaft obtains fine needle-shaped tempered martensite without quenching soft spots.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the surface hardness of the oil supply camshaft can be improved by 3-4HRC by adopting local medium frequency induction quenching and tempering; the uniformity of the hardened layer depth of the oil supply camshaft is improved, and the layer depth difference is only 0.7 mm; the deformation of the oil supply camshaft quenching is reduced, and the deformation is only 0.3 mm; and the subsequent machining allowance of the oil supply camshaft is reduced, and the machining allowance is only 0.3 mm.
A special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening device comprises camshaft induction quenching equipment, a shaft diameter quenching inductor and a special-shaped cam profiling quenching inductor;
the shaft diameter quenching inductor comprises two connecting plates, two current-conducting plates arranged on the two connecting plates, an effective heating ring connected with the two current-conducting plates into a whole, a current-conducting plate cooling pipe arranged outside the current-conducting plates, an insulating plate arranged between the two current-conducting plates, a water spraying ring arranged at the lower end of the effective heating ring, a plurality of quenching water nozzles arranged outside the water spraying ring and other auxiliary devices; a circular cavity matched with the diameter of the shaft to be quenched is formed in the center of the effective heating ring; the two conducting plate cooling pipes are in short connection through the pressure-resistant pipe to form a cooling water loop of the conducting plate;
the special-shaped cam profiling quenching inductor adopts a split structure and comprises two connecting plates, two current-conducting plates arranged on the two connecting plates, a split effective heating ring connected with the two current-conducting plates, a current-conducting plate cooling pipe arranged on the outer sides of the current-conducting plates, an insulating plate arranged between the two current-conducting plates, a cooling device arranged at the lower end of the effective heating ring, a plurality of quenching water nozzles arranged on the outer sides of the cooling device, a welding block integrally formed with the effective heating ring and other auxiliary devices; the center of the effective heating ring is provided with a special-shaped cavity matched with the special-shaped cam to be quenched; the effective heating rings are connected through bolt holes arranged on the welding blocks by bolts; the two conducting plate cooling pipes are in short connection through the pressure-resistant pipe to form a cooling water loop of the conducting plate.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the front end of the quenching water nozzle is blocked, and water flows out from the side surface.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the technical progress that:
1. compared with the integral quenching after carburizing straightening and stress-relief tempering, the heating and cooling speed of the special-shaped cam composite heat treatment strengthening method is far higher than that of the integral quenching under the condition that the heating and cooling conditions of the special-shaped cam composite heat treatment strengthening method and the integral quenching are consistent; the risk factor of early failure of the engine caused by abnormal abrasion of the oil supply camshaft is completely eliminated.
2. The invention adopts local medium frequency induction quenching to heat the shaft neck and the special-shaped cam respectively by adopting different inductors, then sprays quenching medium for cooling quenching and then tempering, and the surface metallographic structure of the oil supply cam shaft after all quenching and tempering obtains fine needle-shaped quenching martensite without producing troostite and quenching soft points, and simultaneously eliminates the oil smoke environmental pollution generated by integral quenching.
3. The method adopts a local intermediate frequency quenching scheme to replace integral quenching after carburization, and the surface hardness of the oil supply camshaft can be improved by 3-4 HRC; the uniformity of the hardened layer depth of the oil supply camshaft is reduced to 0.7mm from the layer depth difference of 1.3 mm; reducing the quenching deformation of the oil supply camshaft from 1mm to 0.3 mm; reducing the subsequent machining allowance from 1mm to 0.3 mm.
4. Aiming at the problem of heat treatment strengthening of the surface of a special-shaped cam of an asymmetric special-shaped structure of a high-speed high-bearing motion structure such as an engine oil supply camshaft, the invention effectively improves the surface hardness, the wear resistance and the contact fatigue resistance of the oil supply camshaft by respectively carrying out local medium-frequency induction quenching and tempering on the shaft diameter and the special-shaped cam by using a special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening device comprising camshaft induction quenching equipment, a shaft diameter quenching inductor and a special-shaped cam profiling quenching inductor, and can meet the working condition requirements of a high-power, high-detonation pressure and high-reliability heavy-load engine; the method can also be popularized and applied to the improvement of the quality and the reliability of carburizing and quenching of other similar slender shaft parts, and has wider popularization and application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an oil supplying camshaft according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the shape of the oil supply camshaft cam of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a profile quenching sensor for a profiled cam of an oil supply camshaft according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a structural plan view of the oil supply camshaft special-shaped cam profile hardening inductor in the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a quenching inductor for the shaft diameter of an oil supply camshaft in the invention;
FIG. 6 is a structural plan view of a quenching inductor for the shaft diameter of an oil supply camshaft in the invention;
FIG. 7 is a deep phase view of the hardened layer in the axial diameter of the oil supply camshaft of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a deep phase diagram of the hardened layer of the profiled cam of the oil supply camshaft of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a metallographic structure diagram of a surface layer of a hardened layer of the present invention-fine needle-like tempered martensite;
FIG. 10 is a metallographic structure of a transition zone of a hardened layer according to the invention;
FIG. 11 is a metallographic structure diagram of a core portion of a hardened layer of the present invention-ferrite + pearlite;
FIG. 12 is a metallographic structure diagram of a band form of a core of a hardened layer in the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a flow chart of a process for producing the oil-feeding camshaft in the present invention.
The device comprises a base, a connecting plate, a quenching water nozzle, an insulating plate, an effective heating ring, a cooling pipe, a quenching water nozzle, an effective heating ring, a cooling pipe, a water spray ring and a special-shaped cam, wherein the shaft diameter is 1, the special-shaped cam is 2-1, the long-distance starting point of the cam is 2-2, the phi 8H8 position of a matching hole, the.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method and a device for local profiling composite strengthening of a special-shaped cam, which are developed aiming at the defects that the prior art adopts the technology of integral quenching after carburizing and straightening and stress-relief tempering of an oil supply cam shaft, and the defects of low surface hardness, low wear resistance and contact fatigue resistance, large environmental pollution and the like of a finished product caused by the fact that an effective hardened layer is not uniform in depth, soft spots and large in deformation and the machining allowance is too large are overcome.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the shape of the oil supply camshaft is shown in figure 1, the oil supply camshaft comprises 5 shaft necks 1, 8 special-shaped cams 2 with different rotating directions and a connecting part, the diameter of the connecting part is phi 40mm, and the length of the connecting part is longer; the shape of the special-shaped cam is a concave arc surface, and the lift suddenly rises and falls obviously, as shown in figure 2: the diameter D of the base circle is 42 +/-0.2 mm, and an included angle alpha from a starting point 2-1 of a cam lift to a position 2-2 of phi 8H8 of the mating hole is 58 DEG 30 ', and beta is 31 DEG 30 +/-10'.
The main processing technological process of the oil supply camshaft is as follows: blanking, normalizing, machining (rough machining), carburizing, straightening, destressing tempering, induction quenching tempering, machining (fine machining) and warehousing of finished products.
As shown in fig. 13, in the local profiling composite strengthening method for the special-shaped cam, the oil supply camshaft is not subjected to integral quenching and tempering after carburization straightening and stress relief tempering, but is subjected to local medium-frequency induction quenching and tempering on the shaft diameter 1 of the oil supply camshaft, and then is subjected to local medium-frequency induction quenching and tempering on the special-shaped cam 2 of the oil supply camshaft.
The local medium frequency induction quenching of the shaft diameter 1 of the oil supply camshaft means that a shaft diameter quenching inductor is adopted for heating and then a quenching medium is sprayed for cooling quenching aiming at the shaft neck 1 of the oil supply camshaft, a quenching numerical control system in camshaft induction quenching equipment is used for controlling the rotation of the oil supply camshaft, and the heating induction quenching is respectively carried out on each shaft diameter by adopting a mode that the shaft diameter quenching inductor and a transformer move up and down. When the shaft diameter 1 is subjected to induction quenching, the heating power of the shaft diameter is 121KW, the heating time is 3.2S, the cooling time is 10S, the flow rate of a quenching medium is 43L/min, and the quenching medium is 6 percent PAG water-soluble quenching liquid. The tempering temperature is 180 degrees after the shaft diameter 1 of the oil supply camshaft is subjected to local medium frequency induction quenching, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
The local medium frequency induction quenching of the special-shaped cam 2 of the oil supply camshaft means that a special-shaped cam profile quenching inductor is adopted for heating and then spraying a quenching medium for cooling quenching aiming at the special-shaped cam 2 of the oil supply camshaft, a quenching numerical control system in camshaft induction quenching equipment is used for controlling a servo motor to accurately control the rotating angle of the oil supply camshaft, and the special-shaped cam profile quenching inductor is adopted for moving up and down to respectively carry out heating induction quenching on each special-shaped cam 2. When the profile modeling induction quenching is carried out on the special-shaped cam, the heating power of the special-shaped cam is 98KW, the heating time is 4.7S, the cooling time is 10S, the flow rate of a quenching medium is 43L/min, and the quenching medium is 6 percent PAG water-soluble quenching liquid. The tempering temperature is 180 degrees after the special-shaped cam 2 of the oil supply camshaft is subjected to local medium frequency induction quenching, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
After local medium frequency induction quenching and tempering, the surface metallographic structure of the oil supply camshaft obtains fine needle-shaped tempered martensite without quenching soft spots.
The surface hardness of the oil supply camshaft can be improved by 3-4HRC by adopting local medium frequency induction quenching and tempering; the uniformity of the hardened layer depth of the oil supply camshaft is improved, and the layer depth difference is only 0.7 mm; the deformation of the oil supply camshaft quenching is reduced, and the deformation is only 0.3 mm; and the subsequent machining allowance of the oil supply camshaft is reduced, and the machining allowance is only 0.3 mm.
A special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening device comprises camshaft induction quenching equipment, a shaft diameter quenching inductor and a special-shaped cam profiling quenching inductor; the camshaft induction quenching equipment adopts deca-weir Tianshu camshaft induction quenching equipment;
as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the shaft diameter quenching sensor includes two connecting plates 3, two conductive plates 4 mounted on the two connecting plates 3, an effective heating ring 5 integrally connected with the two conductive plates 4, a conductive plate cooling pipe 6 arranged outside the conductive plates 4, an insulating plate 8 arranged between the two conductive plates 4, a water spray ring 10 arranged at the lower end of the effective heating ring 5, a plurality of quenching water nozzles 7 arranged outside the water spray ring 10, and other auxiliary devices; a circular cavity matched with the diameter of the shaft to be quenched is formed in the center of the effective heating ring 5; the two conducting plate cooling pipes 6 are in short connection through the pressure pipe to form a cooling water loop of the conducting plate to cool the conducting plate 4 and the effective heating ring 5; the quenching medium is sprayed in the water spraying ring 10 to quench and cool the shaft diameter. The front end of the quenching water nozzle 7 is blocked, and water flows out from the side surface. The current-conducting plate cooling pipe 6 adopts a red copper pipe and is welded on the current-conducting plate 4, and the voltage-resistant pipe is made of insulating materials and is connected on the current-conducting plate cooling pipe 6 by a clamp. Other auxiliary devices include water pipes, circuits, liquid and fire media, transformers, etc.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in order to uniformly heat the shaft diameter, a quenching numerical control system in the camshaft induction quenching equipment is used for controlling the rotation of the oil supply camshaft, and the heating induction quenching is carried out on each shaft diameter in a mode that a shaft diameter quenching inductor and a transformer move up and down; the lower part of the effective heating ring 5 is provided with a water spraying ring 10, three quenching water nozzles 7 (the number of the quenching water nozzles 7 can be set according to the actual situation) are arranged around the water spraying ring 10, the quenching water nozzles 7 are communicated with a water pipe and are connected with quenching liquid, a water outlet pipe and a water inlet pipe form circulation, the quenching liquid flows circularly to spray water and cool the heated shaft diameter 1, a circular cavity arranged in the effective heating ring 5 corresponds to the shaft diameter 1 and then is electrified for heating, and the distance between the circular cavity arranged in the effective heating ring 5 and the shaft diameter 1 is 3 mm; the heating power of the shaft diameter is 121KW, and the heating time is 3.2S; after heating, moving a shaft diameter quenching inductor and a transformer, quenching and cooling the shaft diameter, wherein the cooling time is 10S, the flow of a quenching medium is 43L/min, and the quenching medium is 6 percent PAG water-soluble quenching liquid; the tempering temperature after quenching is 180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 h.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the profile cam copying quenching sensor adopts a split structure, and comprises a connecting plate 3, two conductive plates 4 mounted on the connecting plate 3, an effective heating ring 5 connected with the two conductive plates 4 and arranged in a split manner, conductive plate cooling pipes 6 arranged on the outer sides of the two conductive plates 4, an insulating plate 8 arranged between the conductive plates 4, a cooling device arranged at the lower end of the effective heating ring 5, a plurality of quenching water nozzles 7 arranged on the outer side of the cooling device, a welding block 9 integrally formed with the effective heating ring 5, and other auxiliary devices; the center of the effective heating ring 5 is provided with a special-shaped cavity matched with the special-shaped cam to be quenched; the effective heating ring 5 is connected through a bolt hole bolt arranged on the welding block 9; the two conducting plate cooling pipes 6 are in short connection through the pressure pipe to form a cooling water loop of the conducting plate to cool the conducting plate 4 and the effective heating ring 5; and spraying quenching liquid in the cooling device to quench and cool the special-shaped cam. The front end of the quenching water nozzle 7 is blocked, and water flows out from the side surface. The current-conducting plate cooling pipe 6 adopts a red copper pipe and is welded on the current-conducting plate 4, and the voltage-resistant pipe is made of insulating materials and is connected on the current-conducting plate cooling pipe 6 by a clamp. Other auxiliary devices include water pipes, circuits, liquid and fire, transformers, etc.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: when the special-shaped cam is subjected to profile modeling induction quenching, a quenching numerical control system in the cam shaft induction quenching equipment controls a servo motor to accurately control the rotation angle of the oil supply cam shaft, and the special-shaped cam profile modeling quenching sensor is adopted to move up and down to complete heating induction quenching on each special-shaped cam 2. A cooling device is arranged at the lower part of the effective heating ring 5, 4 quenching water nozzles 7 (the number of the quenching water nozzles 7 can be set according to the actual situation) are arranged around the cooling device, the quenching water nozzles 7 are communicated with a water pipe and are connected with quenching liquid, a water outlet pipe and a water inlet pipe form circulation, the quenching liquid flows circularly to spray water and cool the heated special-shaped cam, a special-shaped cavity arranged in the effective heating ring 5 corresponds to the position of the special-shaped cam and then is electrified for heating, and the distance between the special-shaped cavity arranged in the effective heating ring 5 and the special-shaped cam 2 is 3 mm; heating power of the special-shaped cam is 98KW, heating time is 4.7S, after heating is completed, moving a special-shaped cam profiling quenching inductor, quenching and cooling the special-shaped cam, wherein cooling time is 10S, flow of quenching liquid is 43L/min, and the quenching liquid is 6% PAG water-soluble quenching liquid; the tempering temperature is
180 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2 h.
As shown in fig. 7-12, the oil supply camshaft after carburization straightening and stress relief tempering adopts a local intermediate frequency quenching composite heat treatment process scheme, and is obviously superior to the integral quenching after carburization through the analysis and comparison of technical indexes such as surface hardness, effective hardened layer depth, layer depth uniformity, deformation and the like through the optimization, processing and detection of parameters of a multi-round intermediate frequency quenching process.
After carburization straightening and stress relief tempering, a local medium-frequency quenching scheme is adopted to replace integral quenching, so that the surface hardness (3-4 HRC) and the uniformity of the depth of a hardened layer (the layer depth difference is reduced from 1.3mm to 0.7mm), the quenching deformation of the oil supply camshaft (the deformation is reduced from 1mm to 0.3 mm), and the subsequent machining allowance (the machining allowance is reduced from 1mm to 0.3 mm) are reduced.
The metallographic structure of the surface layer of the oil supply camshaft obtains fine needle-shaped tempered martensite with grade 5; the core structure is ferrite and pearlite; the central zonal tissue is 1 grade; no quenching soft spot is generated, and the oil smoke environmental pollution generated by integral quenching is eliminated. The surface of the finished oil supply camshaft is provided with a high hardness and uniform depth of a hardened layer, and the high wear resistance and high fatigue resistance of the product are ensured.
The practical application condition is as follows:
the method is already applied to actual production, and the oil supply camshaft is detected after an engine 202h reliability test, so that the bushing and the camshaft surface are not abnormally abraded, and the using effect is good.
In conclusion, the invention adopts camshaft induction quenching equipment and an inductor to respectively carry out local medium-frequency induction quenching tempering on the shaft diameter of the oil supply camshaft and the special-shaped cam after carburization straightening and stress relief tempering; the risk of damage to the engine due to abnormal abrasion of the oil supply camshaft in the early stage caused by low wear resistance and contact fatigue resistance due to low surface hardness, uneven hardness and deep hardened layer of the oil supply camshaft is completely eliminated, and the service life and the reliability of the engine are improved.
Claims (10)
1. A method for reinforcing a special-shaped cam by local copying and compounding is characterized by comprising the following steps: the oil supply camshaft is not integrally quenched and tempered after carburization straightening and stress relief tempering, but is partially quenched and tempered by medium frequency induction in the shaft diameter (1) of the oil supply camshaft, and then partially quenched and tempered by medium frequency induction in the special-shaped cam (2) of the oil supply camshaft.
2. The method for locally profiling and compounding the reinforcement of the special-shaped cam according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for carrying out local medium frequency induction quenching on the shaft diameter (1) of the oil supply camshaft is characterized in that a shaft diameter quenching inductor is adopted to heat and then spray quenching medium for cooling quenching aiming at the shaft neck (1) of the oil supply camshaft, a quenching numerical control system in camshaft induction quenching equipment is used for controlling the rotation of the oil supply camshaft, and the shaft diameter quenching inductor and a transformer are adopted to move up and down to carry out heating induction quenching on each shaft diameter (1) respectively.
3. The method for locally profiling and compounding the reinforcement of the special-shaped cam according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the local medium frequency induction quenching of the special-shaped cam (2) of the oil supply cam shaft means that a special-shaped cam profile quenching inductor is adopted to heat the special-shaped cam (2) of the oil supply cam shaft, then quenching medium is sprayed for cooling and quenching, a quenching numerical control system in cam shaft induction quenching equipment is used for controlling a servo motor to accurately control the rotation angle of the oil supply cam shaft, and the special-shaped cam profile quenching inductor is adopted to move up and down to respectively carry out heating induction quenching on each special-shaped cam (2).
4. The method for locally profiling and compounding the reinforcement of the special-shaped cam according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the shaft diameter is subjected to induction quenching, the heating power of the shaft diameter is 121KW, the heating time is 3.2S, the cooling time is 10S, the flow of a quenching medium is 43L/min, and the quenching medium is 6 percent PAG water-soluble quenching liquid.
5. The method for locally profiling and compounding the reinforcement of the special-shaped cam according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the profile modeling induction quenching is carried out on the special-shaped cam, the heating power of the special-shaped cam is 98KW, the heating time is 4.7S, the cooling time is 10S, the flow rate of a quenching medium is 43L/min, and the quenching medium is 6 percent PAG water-soluble quenching liquid.
6. The method for locally profiling and compounding the reinforcement of the special-shaped cam according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after local medium frequency induction quenching is carried out on the shaft diameter (1) of the oil supply camshaft, the tempering temperature is 180 degrees, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours; after local medium frequency induction quenching is carried out on a special-shaped cam (2) of the oil supply cam shaft, the tempering temperature is 180 degrees, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
7. The method for locally profiling and compounding the special-shaped cam according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after local medium frequency induction quenching and tempering, the surface metallographic structure of the oil supply camshaft obtains fine needle-shaped tempered martensite without quenching soft spots.
8. The method for locally profiling and compounding the special-shaped cam according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the surface hardness of the oil supply camshaft can be improved by 3-4HRC by adopting local medium frequency induction quenching and tempering; the uniformity of the hardened layer depth of the oil supply camshaft is improved, and the layer depth difference is only 0.7 mm; the deformation of the oil supply camshaft quenching is reduced, and the deformation is only 0.3 mm; and the subsequent machining allowance of the oil supply camshaft is reduced, and the machining allowance is only 0.3 mm.
9. The utility model provides a device is reinforceed to local profile modeling complex of dysmorphism cam which characterized in that: the quenching device comprises camshaft induction quenching equipment, a shaft diameter quenching inductor and a special-shaped cam profile modeling quenching inductor;
the shaft diameter quenching sensor comprises two connecting plates (3), two conductive plates (4) arranged on the two connecting plates (3), an integrally arranged effective heating ring (5) connected with the two conductive plates (4), a conductive plate cooling pipe (6) arranged on the outer side of the conductive plates (4), an insulating plate (8) arranged between the two conductive plates (4), a water spraying ring (10) arranged at the lower end of the effective heating ring (5), a plurality of quenching water nozzles (7) arranged on the outer side of the water spraying ring (10) and other auxiliary devices; a circular cavity matched with the diameter of the shaft to be quenched is formed in the center of the effective heating ring (5); the two conducting plate cooling pipes (6) are in short connection through the pressure-resistant pipe to form a cooling water loop of the conducting plate;
the special-shaped cam profiling quenching inductor is of a split structure and comprises two connecting plates (3), two conductive plates (4) arranged on the two connecting plates (3), an effective heating ring (5) connected with the two conductive plates (4) and arranged in a split manner, conductive plate cooling pipes (6) arranged on the outer sides of the two conductive plates (4), an insulating plate (8) arranged between the two conductive plates (4), a cooling device arranged at the lower end of the effective heating ring (5), a plurality of quenching water nozzles (7) arranged on the outer side of the cooling device, a welding block (9) integrally formed with the effective heating ring (5) and other auxiliary devices; the center of the effective heating ring (5) is provided with a special-shaped cavity matched with the special-shaped cam to be quenched; the effective heating rings (5) are connected through bolt holes arranged on the welding blocks (9) by bolts; the two conducting plate cooling pipes (6) are in short circuit through the pressure-resistant pipe to form a cooling water loop of the conducting plate.
10. The partially profiled composite reinforcement device for the special-shaped cam according to claim 9 is characterized in that: the front end of the quenching water nozzle (7) is blocked, and water flows out from the side surface.
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| CN112899461B (en) | 2023-11-24 |
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