CN112898527A - High-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012974 tin catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver zinc Chemical group [Zn].[Ag] BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940043237 diethanolamine Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222122 Candida albicans Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006173 Good's buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
- C08G18/667—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6674—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
- C08K2003/0806—Silver
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
- C08K2003/0893—Zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses high-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace and a preparation method thereof, wherein polyether polyol, a composite catalyst, a tin catalyst, a foaming agent, a nano inorganic antibacterial mildew inhibitor, a flame retardant and isocyanate are adopted for reaction to prepare the high-performance polyurethane foam, and the composite catalyst is composed of a chain extender, a surfactant, an amine catalyst, 1, 4-butanediol, delayed amine and diethanol amine. When the polyurethane foam is prepared, the temperature of raw materials is controlled, the temperature and the humidity of a foaming environment are controlled, the mixture of isocyanate and other materials is stirred at a high rotating speed and is quickly stirred, and the foaming reaction is carried out under the temperature and humidity condition to obtain the large-size polyurethane foam, so that the large-size polyurethane foam has the properties of low odor, antibiosis, mildew resistance, flame retardance, low toxicity of combustion products and the like, the center of the foam material is not easy to pulverize, and the aerospace use requirements are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of polyurethane foam buffer materials and manufacturing thereof, and particularly relates to a high-performance semi-rigid polyurethane foam buffer material for aerospace and a preparation method thereof. The buffering foam material prepared based on the method has the advantages of low harmful gas escape, flame retardance, low toxicity of combustion products, antibiosis, mildew prevention and excellent mechanical properties.
Background
When the instrument and equipment goods move upwards along with the freight ship, the goods package is used for loading, and in the process of moving upwards, in order to provide a good ascending mechanical environment for the ascending goods, special buffer protection design is generally required to be carried out on the instrument and equipment. The interior of the cargo ship is a sealed environment with pressure and appropriate temperature and humidity, and is particularly suitable for breeding bacteria. Therefore, the buffer material used in the interior of the material has excellent buffering and mechanical properties, and also has the properties of low harmful gas emission, antibiosis, mildew resistance, flame retardance, low toxicity of combustion products and the like.
Polyurethane foam is widely used in various buffer protection packaging materials due to good buffer protection performance, but the existing common polyurethane foam in the market at present has the defects of more volatile harmful gases, no antibacterial and mildew-proof performance, flammability, high toxicity of combustion products and the like, and limits the application of the polyurethane foam in the fields of aerospace and the like. Although the polyurethane foam of the water-based foaming agent can overcome the defects of the traditional polyurethane foam, the polyurethane foam is seriously influenced by seasons and regions in the production process, the reaction rate is obviously increased when the polyurethane foam is foamed in hot seasons or wet regions, the cream time is obviously shortened compared with the normal condition, the foam density is obviously reduced, the problems of central pulverization, cracking, stickiness and the like can occur, the problems are especially obvious when the foam buffer protection piece with larger volume (the height is more than 400mm) is produced, and the application of the polyurethane foam in a freight ship is limited as shown in figure 1.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the existing technical problems, and provides a polyurethane foam buffer material for space navigation, which is not limited by the factors (the volume of a foam buffer protection piece, hot seasons and humid regions) in the production process, through optimizing a formula and a production process, wherein the polyurethane foam buffer material simultaneously has low odor (the odor grade is 1.0, the escape amount of 23 harmful gases is less than 1ug/g), high flame retardance (12s vertical combustion self-extinguishing), low toxicity of combustion products (CO: 150ppm, HF < 0.5ppm, HCl < 1ppm, NOx: 20ppm, SO 2: 0ppm, HCN: 3ppm), antibiosis (antibiosis rate is more than or equal to 99 percent, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans), mildew resistance (mildew-proof grade 0), and excellent buffering and mechanical properties.
In order to achieve the above purpose, one embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
a high-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
the composite catalyst used for the high-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace comprises the following components in parts by mass:
the chain extender is ethylene glycol, and the surfactant is silicone oil.
The polyether polyol can adopt one or a mixture of more of Dow polyether polyol VORANOL-3003 and Shanghai high bridge petrochemical original polyether GMN-3050A.The tin catalyst can be American air T-9 tin catalyst produced by American air chemical products company (APD). The foaming agent is water (H)2O). The nano inorganic antibacterial mildew inhibitor is silver-zinc composite inorganic nano powder, and can be selected from RHA-TZ mildew inhibitors produced by Shanghai Runhe nanometer materials science and technology Limited. The flame retardant is expanded graphite.
The invention provides a preparation method of the high-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the required raw materials are refrigerated and subjected to temperature control treatment, the temperature of the raw materials is ensured to be 18-21 ℃, the environmental temperature of foaming is controlled to be 21-25 ℃, and the relative humidity RH is less than or equal to 60%;
step 2: stirring polyether polyol and a composite catalyst in a dry mixing container for 3-5 min to uniformly mix the raw materials, wherein the color is uniform and no layering exists, and the raw materials are used as an A1-L component for later use;
and step 3: adding the nano inorganic antibacterial mildew inhibitor and the flame retardant into a mixing container, and stirring with the A1-L component for 3min-5min until the components are uniformly mixed to serve as an A1 component for later use;
and 4, step 4: adding a tin catalyst and a foaming agent into a mixing container, premixing the tin catalyst and the foaming agent with the component A1 for 5-10 min by using an electric stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the component A for later use;
and 5: weighing isocyanate and ensuring that the interior of the mold is sufficiently clean;
step 6: after the component A is mixed for 20s-30s again, quickly pouring isocyanate into the component A at one time, immediately stirring for 9-12s under the condition that the speed is greater than or equal to 2000r/min by using a high-speed electric stirrer, preventing air from being mixed into the mixture to form bubbles as much as possible during stirring, ensuring that the raw materials on the wall and the bottom of the container are uniformly mixed, and quickly and uniformly pouring the mixture into a die cavity of a die for foaming;
and 7: carefully taking out the formed foam after the foaming is finished for at least 2h, and curing for 24h-48h in an environment with the temperature of 23 +/-5 ℃ and the humidity RH of less than or equal to 60%.
Step 6 should satisfy: the rotating speed is not lower than 2000r/min, sufficient power required by stirring amount is ensured, a stirring blade structure with good stirring effect is selected, and generally, the rotating speed is higher when the stirring amount is larger. The purpose of stirring evenly should be accomplished within 9-12 s.
The foaming of polyurethane foam is sensitive to ambient temperature and humidity. When the environmental temperature is too high, the dissipation of heat generated in the foaming process is delayed, and the accumulation of the central temperature is aggravated, so that the central temperature of the foam is high for a long time; meanwhile, the raw material temperature is higher due to the overhigh storage environment temperature, the reaction is accelerated, the accumulation of heat at the center of foam is too fast due to the intensified heat accumulation, the central temperature can reach more than 200 ℃, the reaction abnormality and the molecular chain fracture and degradation can be caused, and the pulverization is formed, so the raw material temperature is controlled to be 18-21 ℃, and the problems are avoided. The high ambient humidity means the high water content in the air, and the high reactivity of water as the blowing agent of the present invention with isocyanate to produce carbon dioxide is a key factor in the foam formation of the present invention and also an important reason for the heat generated by the reaction. Raw materials can bring moisture into from the air in the processes of storage, weighing and stirring, so that the actual reaction water amount is increased, the heat productivity is increased, and the influence of water existing in the environment on the foaming speed and the heat generated by foaming can be reduced by controlling the environment humidity. According to the invention, the raw materials are refrigerated and subjected to temperature control treatment, and the temperature and humidity of the foaming environment are controlled, so that adverse effects of the environmental temperature and humidity on the foaming process are avoided, and foam pulverization is avoided; and meanwhile, the environmental temperature and humidity are controlled to ensure uniform foaming, so that the foam with better mechanical property is obtained. By selecting the raw materials, the foam foaming agent has the advantages of good foam foaming effect, good flame retardant property and mechanical property, low toxicity of combustion products, antibiosis, mildew prevention and low odor.
According to the invention, through optimization of raw materials and a preparation process, the problem that the foaming process of polyurethane foam based on a water-based foaming agent is limited by seasons and regions is solved, the problem of central pulverization of the foam in hot seasons or humid regions is solved, and large-volume (height greater than 400mm) foam with excellent buffering and mechanical properties is obtained, and the foam has the properties of low odor, antibiosis, mildew resistance, flame retardance, low toxicity of combustion products and the like, and meets the use requirements of the buffering material for freight ship and freight bags.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the polyurethane foam has the performances of low odor, antibiosis, mildew resistance, flame retardance, low toxicity of combustion products and the like, and meets the use requirements of aerospace.
2. The foam buffer protection piece with larger volume can be produced, and excellent performance is obtained, so that the use requirement of space navigation is better met.
3. The limitation of seasons and regions on foaming conditions is overcome.
4. The invention has finished the practical application of the product, and through various tests, the requirement of manned space flight is satisfied.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a central powdering phenomenon of a large-volume foam cushion produced in a hot season or a wet area.
FIG. 2 is a foam produced by formulation and process optimization according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The polyether polyol is VORANOL-3003, the chain extender is ethylene glycol, the surfactant is silicone oil (American air chemical DC5810), the amine catalyst is American air chemical DC2040, the tin catalyst is American air chemical T-9, the nano inorganic antibacterial mildew preventive is Shanghai Runhe RHA-TZ, the flame retardant is expanded graphite E300, and the isocyanate is German Bayer CD-C. The total weight of the raw materials is 10 kg.
The required raw materials are refrigerated and subjected to temperature control treatment, the temperature of the raw materials is ensured to be about 20 ℃, the environmental temperature of foaming is controlled to be about 23 ℃, and the relative humidity RH is less than or equal to 60%. Weighing polyether polyol and the composite catalyst according to actual demand, stirring for 4min in a dry mixing container, observing that the raw materials are uniformly mixed, have uniform color and no layering, and taking the mixture as the component A1-L for later use. Weighing the nano inorganic antibacterial mildew inhibitor and the flame retardant according to actual demand, and stirring the nano inorganic antibacterial mildew inhibitor and the flame retardant in a mixing container for 4min until the nano inorganic antibacterial mildew inhibitor and the flame retardant are uniformly mixed to be used as an A1 component for later use. Weighing tin catalyst and foaming agent (H) in actual demand2O) was added to a mixing vessel containing A1 component and premixed with an electric stirrer for 8min, and mixed uniformly to prepare A component for future use. Weighing isocyanate according to actual demand to ensure that the interior of the mold is sufficiently clean; after the component A is mixed for 20s-30s again, quickly pouring isocyanate into the component A at one time, uniformly stirring for 12s by using a high-speed electric stirrer (the rotating speed is 2000r/min), preventing air from being mixed into the mixture to form bubbles as much as possible during stirring, ensuring that the raw materials on the wall and the bottom of the container are uniformly mixed, and quickly and uniformly pouring the mixture into a mold cavity for foaming; after foaming is finished for 2h, the formed foam is carefully taken out and is aged for 24h in the environment with the temperature of 23 +/-5 ℃ and the humidity RH of less than or equal to 60 percent, and the high-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace is obtained, as shown in figure 2.
The high-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace use was subjected to quality tests, and the test standards and test results thereof are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Properties of high-Performance polyurethane foam for aerospace prepared in example 1
Example 2
The polyether polyol is high-bridging petrochemical GMN-3050A, the chain extender is ethylene glycol, the surfactant is silicone oil (American air chemical DC5810), the amine catalyst is American air chemical DC2040, the tin catalyst is American air chemical T-9, the nano inorganic antibacterial mildew inhibitor is Shanghai Runhe RHA-TZ, the flame retardant is expanded graphite E300, and the isocyanate is German Bayer CD-C. The total weight of the raw materials is 50 kg.
In the preparation process, the isocyanate and the component A are uniformly stirred for 12s by a high-speed electric stirrer (the rotating speed is 2500r/min), and other processes are the same as those in example 1, so that the aerospace high-performance polyurethane foam is obtained.
The high-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace use was subjected to quality tests, and the test standards and test results thereof are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Properties of high-Performance polyurethane foams for aerospace prepared in example 2
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the process of the present invention can produce large-sized polyurethane foams having densities of 0.0604g/cm, respectively3、0.0597g/cm3Less than 0.1g/cm3Belongs to high foaming foam, and shows good foaming effect. The mechanical property meets the quality requirement of the polyurethane foam for aerospace, and meanwhile, the polyurethane foam has the advantages of low odor, antibiosis, mildew resistance, flame retardance and low toxicity of combustion products. The foam can also be produced in hot seasons or in wet areas, and the resulting foam does not cause the problem of central dusting after use in a cargo ship.
Although the invention has been described herein with reference to illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. A high-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
2. the high-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace according to claim 1, wherein the composite catalyst comprises the following components in parts by mass:
3. the high-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace according to claim 2, wherein the chain extender is ethylene glycol and the surfactant is silicone oil.
4. The aerospace high performance polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the blowing agent is water.
5. The high-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace according to claim 1, wherein the nano inorganic antibacterial and mildewproof agent is silver-zinc composite inorganic nano powder.
6. The aerospace high performance polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the flame retardant is expanded graphite.
7. The method for preparing a high-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
step 1: the required raw materials are refrigerated and subjected to temperature control treatment, the temperature of the raw materials is ensured to be 18-21 ℃, the environmental temperature of foaming is controlled to be 21-25 ℃, and the relative humidity RH is less than or equal to 60%;
step 2: stirring polyether polyol and a composite catalyst in a dry mixing container for 3-5 min to uniformly mix the raw materials, wherein the color is uniform and no layering exists, and the raw materials are used as an A1-L component for later use;
and step 3: adding the nano inorganic antibacterial mildew inhibitor and the flame retardant into a mixing container, and stirring with the A1-L component for 3min-5min until the components are uniformly mixed to serve as an A1 component for later use;
and 4, step 4: adding a tin catalyst and a foaming agent into a mixing container, premixing the tin catalyst and the foaming agent with the component A1 for 5-10 min by using an electric stirrer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the component A for later use;
and 5: weighing isocyanate and ensuring that the interior of the mold is sufficiently clean;
step 6: after the component A is mixed for 20s-30s again, quickly pouring isocyanate into the component A at one time, immediately stirring for 9-12s under the condition that the speed is greater than or equal to 2000r/min by using a high-speed electric stirrer, preventing air from being mixed into the mixture to form bubbles as much as possible during stirring, ensuring that the raw materials on the wall and the bottom of the container are uniformly mixed, and quickly and uniformly pouring the mixture into a die cavity of a die for foaming;
and 7: carefully taking out the formed foam after the foaming is finished for at least 2h, and curing for 24h-48h in an environment with the temperature of 23 +/-5 ℃ and the humidity RH of less than or equal to 60%.
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| CN202110106072.4A CN112898527A (en) | 2021-01-26 | 2021-01-26 | High-performance polyurethane foam for aerospace and preparation method thereof |
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