CN112897823A - Biogas slurry biological trickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device and method adopting micro-foam filler - Google Patents

Biogas slurry biological trickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device and method adopting micro-foam filler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112897823A
CN112897823A CN202110448241.2A CN202110448241A CN112897823A CN 112897823 A CN112897823 A CN 112897823A CN 202110448241 A CN202110448241 A CN 202110448241A CN 112897823 A CN112897823 A CN 112897823A
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China
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water
biogas slurry
ammonia nitrogen
nitrification
material layer
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徐昶
苗文亮
王振旗
沈根祥
张心良
钱晓雍
陈小华
倪远之
高宗源
王晨
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Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences
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Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/04—Aerobic processes using trickle filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10—Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

The invention relates to a biogas slurry biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device and method adopting a micro-foam filler. The device comprises a nitrification trickling filtration tower, a reflux pump and a reflux pipe; the nitrification trickling filtration tower is provided with a top cover, a vent, a water distribution area, an oxygen charging area, a filter material layer and a water storage area from top to bottom; the filter material layer adopts floatable polystyrene micro-foam filler. The method utilizes aerobic microorganisms on the micro-foam filler to carry out biological treatment on biogas slurry, and during operation, the aerobic microorganisms are diluted according to the initial concentration of the biogas slurry in a certain proportion and then uniformly distribute the water through a water distribution area, the biogas slurry falls on a filter material layer after being oxygenated in an oxygenation area in the falling process, the biogas slurry reacts with nitrobacteria loaded on the filter material layer in the infiltration process, and finally the biogas slurry is dripped to a water storage area and is conveyed to the water distribution area through a reflux pump for diluting fresh biogas slurry. The method converts ammonium nitrogen in the biogas slurry into nitrate nitrogen, reduces ammonia volatilization loss in the processes of storage and returning to the field, improves the utilization efficiency of nitrogen nutrients in the biogas slurry, and has important significance for atmosphere pollution prevention and control treatment and green agricultural development.

Description

Biogas slurry biological trickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device and method adopting micro-foam filler
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry manure resource utilization and atmospheric pollution prevention and treatment, and particularly relates to a biogas slurry biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device and method adopting a micro-foam filler.
Background
In recent years, the scale and the intensification degree of livestock and poultry breeding in China are continuously improved, but the utilization level of livestock and poultry manure treatment is relatively lagged. According to statistics of rural parts of agriculture, the annual production of livestock and poultry manure in China is about 38 hundred million tons, and the comprehensive utilization rate and the harmless rate are less than 60 percent and 50 percent. The implementation of new revised laws and regulations, such as environmental protection law, regulations on pollution prevention and control of livestock and poultry scale breeding, action plan for water pollution prevention and control, and the like, accelerates the further optimization of livestock and poultry breeding layout in various regions, and forces livestock and poultry breeding practitioners to increase the livestock and poultry manure treatment strength.
The urine sewage treatment is a large-scale livestock and poultry farm, in particular a large-scale pigOne of the main environmental protection problems is faced at present in the field, and there are two general traditional processing modes, one is the standard processing mode, and the other is the returning field utilization mode. The standard-reaching treatment mode mainly adopts an aerobic-anaerobic combined process, ensures that relevant indexes meet the requirements of local or industrial emission standards by degrading or removing organic and inorganic pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in wastewater, and is suitable for farms with insufficient matched farmlands at the periphery; the returning utilization mode generally adopts an anaerobic fermentation technology, urine sewage is converted into biogas slurry and then stored, and the biogas slurry is used as liquid fertilizer to be applied to farmlands in peripheral areas according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of farmland crops. However, in the anaerobic fermentation process of sewage, nitrogen mainly exists in the form of ammonium nitrogen, the ammoniation rate reaches more than 95%, and the nitrogen is easily discharged into the atmosphere in the processes of storage and returning to the field through ammonia volatilization and the like, so that the loss and low utilization rate of nitrogen nutrients are caused, and PM is caused2.5Pollution, frequent occurrence of dust-haze weather, soil and water body acidification and other environmental hazards are increasingly concerned by environmental management departments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the device and the method for treating ammonia nitrogen by biogas slurry biotrickling filter can improve the resource utilization efficiency of the biogas slurry storage and returning process and improve the quality level of environmental air by using the micro-foam filler. The method for biologically trickling and filtering the biogas slurry to control ammonia nitrogen and control ammonia nitrification by adopting the micro-foam filler achieves the purposes of nitrogen fixation and ammonia control and resource utilization, and has important significance for improving the environmental air quality and developing green agriculture.
The concept of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems of poor nitrogen fixation capability, low resource utilization efficiency, serious ammonia volatilization and the like in the process of treating the biogas slurry in a pig farm, the biogas slurry biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitrification treatment device utilizing the micro-foam filler is designed and manufactured, the operation method and related parameters of the device are provided, volatile ammonium nitrogen in the biogas slurry is converted into non-volatile nitrate nitrogen, the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the biogas slurry is reduced, nitrogen nutrient substances are retained, and the purposes of reducing the ammonia emission level and improving the resource utilization efficiency in the subsequent returning process are achieved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a biogas slurry biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device adopting a micro-foam filler, which comprises a nitration trickling filtration tower, a reflux pump and a reflux pipe; the nitrification trickling filtration tower is respectively provided with a top cover, a vent, a water distribution area, an oxygen charging area, a filter material layer and a water storage area from top to bottom; the top cover is positioned at the top end of the nitrification trickling filtration tower; the vent is an opening on the top cover, and the oxygen content at the middle upper part of the nitrification trickling filtration tower is supplemented through exchange with the outside air; the water distribution area is positioned below the ventilation opening of the nitrification trickling filtration tower, the water distribution area is transversely provided with a water distributor, the water distributor is suspended and fixed below the top cover, and a water inlet of the water distributor is connected with a return pipe of the water storage area; the oxygen charging area is positioned below the water distribution area; the filter material layer is positioned below the oxygen charging area and above the water storage area; the filter material layer adopts micro-foam filler which floats on the water surface of the water storage area; a water storage area is arranged below the filter material layer, and a water outlet is arranged at the middle upper part of the water storage area and used for discharging supernatant; the bottom of the water storage area is provided with a sludge discharge port and a backflow port, the backflow port is connected with a water inlet of a backflow pump through a backflow pipe, and a water outlet of the backflow pump is connected with a water inlet of a water distributor through a backflow pipeline.
Furthermore, in the device (production device and pilot plant), the water inlet of the water distributor is also connected with the water outlet of the anaerobic tank.
Furthermore, the device (small test device) also comprises a regulating tank, wherein a vertical overflow partition plate is arranged in the regulating tank and used for intercepting most of sludge; a return port at the bottom of a water storage area of the nitrification trickling filtration tower is connected with a water inlet of an adjusting tank through a return pipeline, a clear liquid outlet of the adjusting tank is connected with an inlet of a return pump, and an outlet of the return pump is connected with an inlet of a water distributor at the upper part of the nitrification trickling filtration tower through a return pipe; a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the water storage area of the nitrification trickling filtration tower and is used for discharging supernatant; the two sides of the bottom of the adjusting tank are respectively provided with a sludge discharge port and a water discharge port.
Further, the vent is an opening on the top cover and is positioned in the middle of the top cover. According to the diameter of the bottom side of the cavity of the nitrification trickling filtration tower, the diameter range of the opening of the vent can be set to be 0.1-3 m.
Furthermore, according to different water inlet loads and treatment loads, the water distribution flux (water distribution flow of the filter material layer per cross-sectional area) of the water distributor is maintained at 16.7-31.1 m3/m2D, keeping the water distribution difference of the water distributor per unit area below 30% during operation.
Furthermore, the oxygenation zone is positioned below the water distribution zone and above the filter material layer and is a section of hollow area in the cavity of the nitrification trickling filter, the relative distance between the water distributor and the filter material layer is kept between 40 cm and 80cm (namely the height of the oxygenation zone is 40 cm to 80cm), and the lowest dissolved oxygen concentration DO required in the biogas slurry trickling filtration process is maintained to be more than or equal to 2.0mg/L by exchanging with the outside air to supplement the oxygen content at the middle upper part of the nitrification trickling filter.
Furthermore, the filter material layer adopts expandable polystyrene micro-foam filler (micro-foam filter beads are adopted as filler, the component is expandable polystyrene), the diameter range of the micro-foam filler can be selected from 0.5-10 mm according to the processing capacity and the volume of the nitrification trickling filtration tower, and the apparent density of the treated micro-foam filler is<20kg/m3The compression strength is more than or equal to 60KPA, the water absorption is less than or equal to 5 percent (V/V), the oxygen index is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the bulk density range is 20-60 kg/m3The porosity is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the water-retaining agent can float on the water surface of a water storage area.
The water storage area is positioned at the lower part of the nitrification trickling filtration tower and is used for storing the biogas slurry after the downward infiltration treatment in the trickling filtration process. The volume of the water storage area is the same as that of the water treated by the nitrification trickling filtration tower. The water storage area is provided with a sludge discharge port and a backflow port, the sludge discharge port is used for sampling and discharging sludge, and the backflow port is connected with a backflow pump through a backflow pipe.
Furthermore, the reflux pump is positioned outside the nitrification trickling filtration tower, the water inlet of the reflux pump is connected with the reflux port of the water storage area of the nitrification trickling filtration tower through a reflux pipe, and the water outlet of the reflux pump is connected with the water distributor at the upper part of the nitrification trickling filtration tower through a reflux pipeline.
Further, according to the biogas slurry treatment amount and the site space conditions, the diameter of the bottom of the cylindrical cavity (nitrification trickling filtration tower) can be generally set to be 0.3-5 m, and the height is 2.0-4.0 m.
Further, the nitrification trickling filtration tower is made of Polyethylene (PE).
A method for treating biogas slurry by using the biogas slurry biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device adopting the micro-foam filler comprises the following steps:
debugging of reaction device
1) And (4) biogas slurry pretreatment. According to the local pig farm manure treatment process, urine and shed flushing water in a shed are subjected to solid-liquid separation, the liquid part of the urine and the shed flushing water enters an anaerobic tank for anaerobic fermentation, and biogas slurry subjected to anaerobic fermentation is conveyed to a water distribution area of a nitrification trickling filtration tower through a pipeline. The flow rate of the input biogas slurry in the anaerobic tank is 8.2-15.3L/min, the ammonia nitrogen concentration level is 400-1500 mg/L, tap water or river water is used for dilution in the primary operation according to the proportion (volume ratio) of 4: 1-10: 1, after the start-up is successful, the ammonia nitrogen nitrifying liquid in the water storage area of the nitrifying trickling filter is used for refluxing and diluting the high-concentration biogas slurry, the reflux ratio is set to be 4: 1-10: 1, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water distributor is adjusted to be not higher than 150 mg/L.
2) Domesticating and culturing nitrifying bacteria. Activated sludge in an aerobic tank of a sewage treatment plant is selected for acclimatization culture, and the SVI of the selected activated sludge is 70-150. Mixing and aerating the retrieved activated sludge and biogas slurry with ammonia nitrogen concentration of 30-100 mg/L according to a ratio (volume ratio) of 0.2-2:1, uniformly mixing, carrying out aeration culture at a flow rate of 4.0-6.0L/min, discharging 1/3-2/3 supernatant every day, supplementing fresh biogas slurry with the same volume, and carrying out preliminary domestication for 2-5 days.
3) And filling the filter material layer with filler. According to the volume of the nitrification trickling filter, selecting expandable polystyrene filter beads (micro-foam filler) with the particle size of 0.5-10 mm as filler of a filter material layer, and putting the filler into the nitrification trickling filter to enable the filler to uniformly float above the water surface of a water storage area. When the grain diameter is 0.5-10 mm, the specific surface area of the filler is 300-6000 m2/m3The smaller the particle size of the filler, the larger the specific surface area of the filler, the more the number of the loaded biological membranes and the higher the nitrification conversion capability of the filler per unit volume.
(II) nitrifying bacteria biofilm culturing
Adding the cultured inoculum (activated sludge) into a water storage area, controlling the inoculation ratio to be 20-200%, and diluting with tap water or river water according to the ratio (volume ratio) of 4: 1-10: 1 according to the ammonia nitrogen concentration (400-1500 mg/L) of the effluent of the anaerobic tank biogas slurry to ensure that the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent of the water distributor is not more than 150 mg/L. And conveying the diluted biogas slurry to a water distribution area of a nitrification trickling filtration tower, uniformly distributing the water by a water distributor, dripping the diluted biogas slurry to a filter material layer through an oxygenation area, performing full contact reaction, then infiltrating to a water storage area, and conveying the biogas slurry to the water distributor again through a reflux port of the water storage area by a reflux pump for water distribution. Controlling the pH value of the inlet water to be 7.0-8.5, controlling the DO value of the operation process to be 2.0-4.0 mg/L, and setting the height range of the filter material layer to be 30-90 cm. The water circulating and distributing frequency is not less than 20 times, and the retention time is not less than 2 days. After the circulating water distribution operation is finished, discharging 1/3-2/3 supernatant, simultaneously supplementing fresh biogas slurry with the same volume, and after the operation is carried out for 2-5 times, completely emptying activated sludge precipitated in the nitrification trickling filtration tower through a sludge discharge port, and only retaining the biogas slurry in a water storage area; and then the operation is continued until the film formation is successful.
According to the seasonal variation and the environmental meteorological factor range, the nitrobacteria biofilm culturing efficiency has certain difference, and the biofilm culturing period is usually between 5 and 40 days. Generally, when the biogas slurry is operated to 10-15 days, the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the biogas slurry is not less than 70%, and the microbial colony number of the filler load is not less than 3.0 multiplied by 106cfu/m3(ii) a When the biogas slurry is operated to about 25-30 days, the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the biogas slurry is not less than 85%, and the microbial colony number of the filler load is not less than 6.0 multiplied by 10 observed by microscopic examination6cfu/m3Basically, the acclimation of the nitrifying bacteria is completed, and the filter material layer is successfully filmed.
(III) nitration trickling filtration treatment
Through the steps, the device is successfully started, has better ammonia nitrogen nitration conversion capability and can be put into operation formally. Controlling the flow rate of the biogas slurry input into the anaerobic tank to be 8.2-15.3L/min and the ammonia nitrogen concentration level to be 400-1500 mg/L during formal operation, refluxing and diluting the biogas slurry input into the anaerobic tank by using the ammonia nitrogen nitrifying liquid in the water storage area of the nitrifying trickling filtration tower, setting the reflux ratio to be 4: 1-10: 1, and adjustingThe ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water discharged from the water distributor is not higher than 150 mg/L; the circulating water distribution frequency is controlled to be not less than 10 times, the retention time is set to be not less than 12 hours, and the water inlet load of the filter material layer filler in the nitrification trickling filtration tower is kept to be not more than 12.0kg N/m3D, ensuring that the nitrification conversion rate of the ammonia nitrogen is not lower than 60 percent.
Furthermore, the water distributor maintains the circulation water distribution flux (circulation water distribution flow of the filter material layer per cross-sectional area) at 16.7-31.1 m according to different water inlet loads and treatment loads3/m2D, keeping the water distribution difference of the water distributor per unit area below 30% during operation.
Further, pilot plant, apparatus for producing: continuous feeding is adopted, the nitrification trickling filter can be one or multiple nitrification trickling filter towers connected in parallel, the inflow flow rate of fresh biogas slurry from the water outlet of the anaerobic tank to a single nitrification trickling filter tower is controlled to be 8.2-15.3L/min, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the inflow water is less than 1500mg/L, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the outflow water of the water distributor after dilution is less than 150mg/L, the height of a filter material layer is 30-90 cm, the flow rate of circulating water distribution is 82.2-152.6L/min, and the flux of circulating water distribution is set to be 16.7-31.1 m3/m2D, the number of times of circulating water distribution is 11-21, and the running time of the device is not less than 12 h.
Further, the lab scale: the anaerobic fermentation biogas slurry is fed in a sequencing batch manner, the anaerobic fermentation biogas slurry is fully fed into a nitrification trickling filtration tower for circulation at one time (the inflow flow of the biogas slurry is 0.2-0.3L/min), the inflow ammonia nitrogen concentration is controlled to be less than 1500mg/L, the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in the water outlet of a water distributor after dilution is 50-125 mg/L, the height of a filter material layer is 30-90 cm, the flow of circulating water distribution is 2.0-2.8L/min, and the flux of circulating water distribution is 91.7-128.4 m3/m2D, the number of times of circulating water distribution is 38-54, and the running time of the device is not less than 12 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the device and the method for biologically trickling, filtering and nitrifying the ammonia nitrogen in the biogas slurry by adopting the micro-foam filler, provided by the invention, through a biological trickling, filtering and nitrifying technology, volatile ammonium nitrogen in the biogas slurry is converted into nitrate nitrogen which is not easy to volatilize, nitrogen nutrient components in the biogas slurry are reserved while the conversion and volatilization of the ammonium nitrogen in the biogas slurry to gaseous ammonia are controlled, the ammonia emission is reduced in the process of storing and returning the biogas slurry to the field, and the resource utilization efficiency is improved. The achievement of the invention has important significance for improving the recycling utilization efficiency of livestock and poultry farm wastes, improving the environmental air quality and developing green agriculture.
The invention researches and designs a biogas slurry biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device and method adopting a micro-foam filler, improves the original conventional urine sewage anaerobic fermentation process, converts ammonium nitrogen in the biogas slurry into nitrate nitrogen in a biotrickling manner, and retains the nutrient and fertility of nitrogen in the biogas slurry in the form of the nitrate nitrogen while remarkably reducing the conversion and discharge of gaseous ammonia in the processes of storing and returning the biogas slurry to the field, thereby achieving the effects of fixing nitrogen and controlling ammonia, and further achieving the purposes of fully utilizing the livestock and poultry feces resources and improving the environmental air quality.
According to the biogas slurry treatment device and method, the filter material layer adopts a floatable micro-foam filler, namely 0.5-10 mm polystyrene filter beads, and a large amount of aerobic microorganisms can be loaded after treatment; aerobic microorganisms on the micro-foam filler are utilized to biologically treat the biogas slurry, the biogas slurry is diluted according to a certain proportion during operation according to the initial concentration of the biogas slurry and then uniformly distributed through the water distribution area, the biogas slurry falls on the filter material layer after being oxygenated in the oxygenation area during the falling process, the biogas slurry reacts with nitrobacteria loaded on the filter material layer during the infiltration process, and finally the biogas slurry is dripped to the water storage area and is conveyed to the water distribution area through the reflux pump for diluting fresh biogas slurry. In the process, the nitrification of nitrifying bacteria in the filter material layer can efficiently convert ammonium nitrogen in the biogas slurry into nitrate nitrogen, so that the nitrogen nutrient components in the biogas slurry are greatly reserved, and the purposes of nitrogen fixation, ammonia control and resource full utilization in the subsequent biogas slurry returning process are achieved. Meanwhile, the conversion and volatilization processes of ammonium nitrogen to gaseous ammonia in the processes of storing and returning to the field are reduced by reducing the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the biogas slurry, and the influence on the quality of the ambient air is reduced. The method has important significance for the resource utilization of biogas slurry in livestock and poultry farms, the prevention and control treatment of atmospheric pollution and the development of green agriculture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison chart of ammonia nitrogen nitration process of biogas slurry and traditional treatment mode flow.
FIG. 2 is a biogas slurry treatment pilot plant of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a pilot plant for biogas slurry treatment according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a top cover; 2. a vent; 3. a water distribution area; 4. a water distributor; 5. an oxygen charging zone; 6. a filter material layer; 7. a water storage area; 8. a return line; 9. a reflux pump; 10. a return pipe; 11. tap water; 12. an anaerobic tank; 13. a water outlet; 14. a sludge discharge port; 15. a regulating tank; 16. and an overflow baffle plate.
Detailed Description
Terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified. For further understanding of the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, the biogas slurry biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration device adopting the micro-foam filler comprises a nitration trickling filtration tower (biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration tower), a reflux pump and a reflux pipe; the nitrification trickling filtration tower is a Polyethylene (PE) cylindrical cavity, the diameter of the bottom of the cavity is set to be 0.3-5 m and the height is 2.0-4.0 m according to the biogas slurry treatment amount and the site space condition, and a top cover 1, a vent 2, a water distribution area 3, a water distributor 4, an oxygen charging area 5, a filter material layer 6 and a water storage area 7 are respectively arranged from top to bottom; the water storage area 7 is connected with the water distributor 4 through a return pipe 8, a return pump 9 and a return pipe 10 in sequence. The top cover 1 is arranged at the top end of the nitrification trickling filtration tower; the vent 2 is an opening on the top cover 1 and is used for exchanging with the outside air to supplement the oxygen content at the middle upper part of the nitrification trickling filtration tower; the water distribution area 3 is positioned below the ventilation opening 2 and is respectively connected with a water outlet of the anaerobic tank 12 and a water storage area return pipe 10; the water distribution area 3 is transversely provided with a water distributor 4, the water distributor 4 is suspended and fixed below the top cover 1, and a water inlet of the water distributor 4 is respectively connected with a water outlet of the anaerobic tank 12 and a return pipe 10 of the water storage area 7; the oxygen charging area 5 is positioned below the water distribution area 3; the filter material layer 6 is positioned below the oxygenation zone 5; a water storage area 7 is arranged below the filter material layer 6, and a water outlet 13 is arranged at the middle upper part of the water storage area 7 and used for discharging supernatant. The bottom of the water storage area 7 is provided with a sludge discharge port 14 and a return port, the return port is connected with a water inlet of a return pump 9 through a return pipeline 8, and a water outlet of the return pump 9 is connected with a water inlet of the water distributor 4 through a return pipe 10.
The ventilation opening 2 is an opening on the top cover 1 and is positioned in the middle of the top cover 1. According to the diameter of the bottom side of the cavity of the nitrification trickling filtration tower, the diameter range of the opening of the vent 2 can be set to be 0.1-3 m.
The water distributor 4 is connected with the water outlet of the anaerobic tank 12 and the return pipe of the water storage area 7, and the water distributor maintains the water distribution flux at 16.7-31.1 m according to different water inlet loads and treatment loads3/m2D, keeping the water distribution difference of the water distributor 4 per unit area below 30% during operation.
The oxygenation zone 5 is positioned below the water distribution zone 3 and above the filter material layer 6, is a section of hollow space in the cavity of the nitrification trickling filter, keeps the relative distance between the water distributor 4 and the filter material layer 6 between 40 and 80cm (namely the height of the oxygenation zone 5 is 40 to 80cm), and supplements the oxygen content at the middle upper part of the nitrification trickling filter through exchange with the outside air, so as to maintain the required lowest dissolved oxygen concentration DO of the biogas slurry in the trickling filter process to be more than or equal to 2.0 mg/L.
The filter material layer 6 is positioned below the oxygen charging area 5 and above the water storage area 7. The filter material layer 6 adopts a micro-foam filter bead as a filler, the component is expandable polystyrene, the diameter range of the micro-foam filler is 0.5-10 mm according to the processing capacity and the volume of the nitrification trickling filtration tower, and the apparent density is processed<20kg/m3The compression strength is more than or equal to 60KPA, the water absorption is less than or equal to 5 percent (V/V), the oxygen index is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the bulk density range is 20-60 kg/m3The porosity is more than or equal to 50 percent, and the water-retaining agent can float on the water surface of a water storage area.
The water storage area 7 is positioned at the lower part of the nitrification trickling filtration tower and is used for storing the biogas slurry after the downward infiltration treatment in the trickling filtration process. The volume of the water storage area 7 is the same as that of the water treated by the nitrification trickling filtration tower. The bottom of the water storage area 7 is provided with a sludge discharge port 14 and a return port, the sludge discharge port 14 is used for sampling and discharging sludge, and the return port is connected with a return pump 9 through a return pipe 8.
The reflux pump 9 is positioned outside the nitrification trickling filtration tower, the water inlet of the reflux pump 9 is connected with the reflux port of the water storage area 7 of the nitrification trickling filtration tower through a reflux pipeline 8, and the water outlet of the reflux pump 9 is connected with the water distributor 4 at the upper part of the nitrification trickling filtration tower through a reflux pipe 10.
Example 2
The method for treating the pig farm biogas slurry by using the biogas slurry biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device adopting the micro-foam filler in the embodiment 1 of the invention comprises the following steps:
debugging of reaction device
1) And (4) biogas slurry pretreatment. According to the local pig farm manure treatment process, urine and shed flushing water of a shed are subjected to solid-liquid separation, the liquid part of the urine and the shed flushing water enters an anaerobic tank 12 for anaerobic fermentation, and biogas slurry subjected to anaerobic fermentation is conveyed to a water distribution area 3 of a nitrification trickling filtration tower through a pipeline; diluting the high-concentration biogas slurry with river water according to the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the biogas slurry of about 420mg/L in the first operation according to the proportion of 4:1, refluxing and diluting the high-concentration biogas slurry with ammonia nitrogen nitration liquid in a water storage area 7 of a nitration trickling filtration tower after the start is successful, setting the reflux ratio to be 4:1, and adjusting the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the outlet water of a water distributor 4 to be not higher than 150 mg/L.
2) Domesticating and culturing nitrifying bacteria. Activated sludge in an aerobic tank of a sewage treatment plant is selected for acclimatization culture, and the SVI of the selected activated sludge is about 100. Adding the retrieved activated sludge into biogas slurry with ammonia nitrogen concentration of 60mg/L according to the proportion (volume ratio) of 1:1, uniformly mixing, carrying out aeration culture at the flow rate of 5.0L/min, discharging half of supernatant every day, supplementing fresh biogas slurry, and carrying out preliminary acclimation for 2 d.
3) The filter material layer 6 is filled with filler. According to the volume of the nitrification trickling filter, expandable polystyrene filter beads (micro-foam filler) with the particle size of 2mm are selected as filler of a filter material layer 6, and the filler is put into the nitrification trickling filter to uniformly float above the water surface of a water storage area 7. The specific surface area of the filler with the particle size of 2mm is about 1500m2/m3The smaller the particle size of the filler, the larger the specific surface area of the filler, the more the number of the loaded biological membranes and the higher the nitrification conversion capability of the filler per unit volume.
(di) nitrifying bacteria biofilm culturing
The cultured inoculum (activated sludge) is added to the water storage area 7, and the inoculation proportion is 100%. According to the concentration of the effluent of the biogas slurry in the anaerobic tank 12 being about 420mg/L, river water is used for dilution according to the proportion (volume ratio) of 4:1, so that the concentration of ammonia nitrogen is not more than 150 mg/L. The diluted biogas slurry is conveyed to a water distribution area 3 of a nitrification trickling filtration tower, is uniformly distributed by a water distributor 4, then drips to a filter material layer 6 through an oxygenation area 5, is infiltrated to a water storage area 7 after full contact reaction, and is conveyed to the water distributor 4 again through a reflux port of the water storage area 7 by a reflux pump 9 for water distribution. The pH value of the inlet water is 8.0, the DO value is controlled to be 2.0-4.0 mg/L in the operation process, and the height of the filter material layer is set to be 60 cm. The water distribution times are 21 times, and the retention time is 3 days. After the circulation water distribution operation is finished, removing half of supernatant liquid, and simultaneously supplementing fresh biogas slurry with the same volume, after the operation is carried out for 3 times, emptying the activated sludge precipitated in the nitrification trickling filtration tower through a sludge discharge port 14, and only retaining the biogas slurry in the water storage area 7; and then the operation is continued until the film formation is successful.
When the biogas slurry is operated to 10 days, the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the biogas slurry is more than 70%, and the microbial colony number of the filler load is observed to be more than 3.0 multiplied by 10 through microscopic examination6cfu/m3(ii) a When the biogas slurry is operated to 25 days, the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the biogas slurry is more than 85%, and microscopic examination can observe that the colony number of the microbial bacteria loaded by the filler is more than 6.0 multiplied by 106cfu/m3Basically, the acclimation of the nitrifying bacteria is completed, and the filter material layer is successfully filmed.
(III) nitration trickling filtration treatment
Through the steps, the device is successfully started, has better ammonia nitrogen nitration conversion capability and can be put into operation formally. During formal operation, the flow rate of the biogas slurry input into the anaerobic tank 12 is 15.3L/min, the ammonia nitrogen concentration level is 420mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen nitrification liquid in the water storage area 7 of the nitrification trickling filtration tower is used for refluxing and diluting the biogas slurry input into the anaerobic tank 12, the reflux ratio is set to be 4:1, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent of the water distributor 4 is adjusted to be not higher than 150 mg/L; the number of times of circulating water distribution is controlled to be 11 times, the retention time is set to be 18 hours, and the filler water inlet load of a filter material layer 6 in the nitrification trickling filtration tower is kept to be not higher than 12.0kg N/m3D, the ammonia nitrogen nitration conversion rate reaches 83.5 percent.
Example 3
The method for treating the pig farm biogas slurry by using the biogas slurry biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device adopting the micro-foam filler in the embodiment 1 of the invention comprises the following steps:
debugging of reaction device
1) And (4) biogas slurry pretreatment. According to the local pig farm manure treatment process, urine and shed flushing water of a shed are subjected to solid-liquid separation, the liquid part of the urine and the shed flushing water enters an anaerobic tank 12 for anaerobic fermentation, biogas slurry subjected to anaerobic fermentation is conveyed to a water distribution area 3 of a nitrification trickling filtration tower through a pipeline, according to the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the biogas slurry about 980mg/L, tap water is used for diluting the biogas slurry in a ratio of 8:1 in the primary operation, after the biogas slurry is successfully started, ammonia nitrogen nitrifying liquid in a water storage area 7 of the nitrification trickling filtration tower is used for refluxing and diluting high-concentration biogas slurry, the reflux ratio is set to be 8:1, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of effluent of a water distributor 4 is adjusted.
2) Domesticating and culturing nitrifying bacteria. Activated sludge in an aerobic tank of a sewage treatment plant is selected for acclimatization culture, and the SVI of the selected activated sludge is about 70. Adding the retrieved activated sludge into biogas slurry with ammonia nitrogen concentration of 30mg/L according to the ratio (volume ratio) of 0.2:1, uniformly mixing, performing aeration culture at the flow rate of 4.0L/min, discharging half of supernatant every day, supplementing fresh biogas slurry, and performing preliminary acclimation for 3 d.
3) The filter material layer 6 is filled with filler. According to the volume of the nitrification trickling filter, expandable polystyrene filter beads (micro-foam filler) with the particle size of 10mm are selected as filler of the filter material layer 6, and the filler is put into the nitrification trickling filter to uniformly float above the water surface of the water storage area 7. The specific surface area of the filler with the particle size of 10mm is 300m2/m3。
(II) nitrifying bacteria biofilm culturing:
the cultured inoculum (activated sludge) was added to the water storage zone 7 at an inoculation rate of 200%. According to the condition that the effluent concentration of the biogas slurry in the anaerobic tank 12 is about 980mg/L, tap water is used for diluting according to the proportion (volume ratio) of 8:1, so that the ammonia nitrogen concentration is not more than 150 mg/L. The diluted biogas slurry is conveyed to a water distribution area 3 of a nitrification trickling filtration tower, is uniformly distributed by a water distributor 4, then drips to a filter material layer 6 through an oxygenation area 5, is infiltrated to a water storage area 7 after full contact reaction, and is conveyed to the water distributor 4 again through a reflux port of the water storage area 7 by a reflux pump 9 for water distribution. The pH value of the inlet water is about 8.5, the DO value is controlled to be 2.0-4.0 mg/L in the operation process, and the height of the filter material layer is set to be 90 cm. The water distribution times are 26 times, and the retention time is 2 days. After the circulation water distribution operation is finished, discharging 1/3 supernatant, and simultaneously supplementing fresh biogas slurry with the same volume, so that after 5 times of operation, the activated sludge precipitated in the nitrification trickling filtration tower is completely emptied through the sludge discharge port 14, and only biogas slurry is reserved in the water storage area 7; and then the operation is continued until the film formation is successful.
When the biogas slurry is operated to the 12 th day, the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the biogas slurry is more than 70%, and the microbial colony number of the filler load is observed to be more than 3.0 multiplied by 10 through microscopic examination6cfu/m3(ii) a When the biogas slurry is operated to 27 days, the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the biogas slurry is more than 85 percent, and microscopic examination can observe that the colony number of the microbial bacteria loaded by the filler is more than 6.0 multiplied by 106cfu/m3Basically, the acclimation of the nitrifying bacteria is completed, and the filter material layer is successfully filmed.
(III) nitration trickling filtration treatment
Through the steps, the device is successfully started, has better ammonia nitrogen nitration conversion capability and can be put into operation formally. During formal operation, the flow rate of the biogas slurry input into the anaerobic tank 12 is 11.7L/min, the ammonia nitrogen concentration level is 980mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen nitrification liquid in the water storage area 7 of the nitrification trickling filtration tower is used for refluxing and diluting the biogas slurry input into the anaerobic tank 12, the reflux ratio is set to be 8:1, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent of the water distributor 4 is adjusted to be not higher than 150 mg/L; controlling the circulating water distribution frequency for 13 times, setting the retention time for 24 hours, and keeping the filler water inlet load of a filter material layer 6 in the nitrification trickling filtration tower not higher than 12.0kg N/m3D, the ammonia nitrogen nitration conversion rate reaches 88.4 percent.
Example 4
The method for treating the pig farm biogas slurry by using the biogas slurry biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device adopting the micro-foam filler in the embodiment 1 of the invention comprises the following steps:
debugging of reaction device
1) And (4) biogas slurry pretreatment. According to the local pig farm manure treatment process, urine and shed flushing water of a shed are subjected to solid-liquid separation, the liquid part of the urine and shed flushing water enters an anaerobic tank 12 for anaerobic fermentation, biogas slurry subjected to anaerobic fermentation is conveyed to a water distribution area 3 of a nitrification trickling filtration tower through a pipeline, according to the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the biogas slurry about 1450mg/L, river water is used for dilution in the proportion of 10:1 in the primary operation, after the start is successful, the ammonia nitrogen nitrification liquid in a water storage area 7 of the nitrification trickling filtration tower is used for reflux dilution of high-concentration biogas slurry, the reflux ratio is set to 10:1, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent of a water distributor 4 is adjusted to be not higher than 150 mg/.
2) Domesticating and culturing nitrifying bacteria. Activated sludge in an aerobic tank of a sewage treatment plant is selected for acclimatization culture, and the SVI of the selected activated sludge is about 150. Adding the retrieved activated sludge into biogas slurry with ammonia nitrogen concentration of 100mg/L according to the ratio (volume ratio) of 2:1, uniformly mixing, performing aeration culture at the flow rate of 6.0L/min, discharging half of supernatant every day, supplementing fresh biogas slurry, and performing preliminary acclimation for 4 d.
3) The filter material layer 6 is filled with filler. According to the volume of the nitrification trickling filter, expandable polystyrene filter beads (micro-foam filler) with the particle size of 0.5mm are selected as filler of a filter material layer 6, and the filler is put into the nitrification trickling filter to uniformly float above the water surface of a water storage area 7. The specific surface area of the filler with the particle size of 0.5mm is 6000m2/m3。
(di) nitrifying bacteria biofilm culturing
The cultured inoculum (activated sludge) was added to the water storage zone 7 at an inoculation rate of 20%. According to the condition that the effluent concentration of the biogas slurry in the anaerobic tank 12 is about 1450mg/L, river water is used for dilution according to the proportion (volume ratio) of 10:1, so that the ammonia nitrogen concentration is not more than 150 mg/L. The diluted biogas slurry is conveyed to a water distribution area 3 of a nitrification trickling filtration tower, is uniformly distributed by a water distributor 4, then drips to a filter material layer 6 through an oxygenation area 5, is infiltrated to a water storage area 7 after full contact reaction, and is conveyed to the water distributor 4 again through a reflux port of the water storage area 7 by a reflux pump 9 for water distribution. The pH value of the inlet water is about 7.0, the DO value is controlled to be 2.0-4.0 mg/L in the operation process, and the height of the filter material layer is set to be 30 cm. The water distribution times are 56 times, and the retention time is 5 days. After the circulation water distribution operation is finished, discharging 2/3 supernatant, and simultaneously supplementing fresh biogas slurry with the same volume, so that after 2 times of operation, the activated sludge precipitated in the nitrification trickling filtration tower is completely emptied through the sludge discharge port 14, and only biogas slurry is reserved in the water storage area 7; and then the operation is continued until the film formation is successful.
When the biogas slurry is operated to 15 days, the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the biogas slurry is more than 70%, and the microbial colony number of the filler load is observed to be more than 3.0 multiplied by 10 through microscopic examination6cfu/m3(ii) a When the biogas slurry is operated to the 30 th day, the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen in the biogas slurry to nitrate nitrogen is more than 85 percent, and microscopic examination can observe thatThe colony number of the microorganism bacteria loaded on the filler is more than 6.0 multiplied by 106cfu/m3Basically, the acclimation of the nitrifying bacteria is completed, and the filter material layer is successfully filmed.
(III) nitration trickling filtration treatment
Through the steps, the device is successfully started, has better ammonia nitrogen nitration conversion capability and can be put into operation formally. During formal operation, the flow rate of the biogas slurry input into the anaerobic tank 12 is 8.2L/min, the ammonia nitrogen concentration level is 1450mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen nitrification liquid in the water storage area 7 of the nitrification trickling filtration tower is used for refluxing and diluting the biogas slurry input into the anaerobic tank 12, the reflux ratio is set to be 10:1, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent of the water distributor 4 is adjusted to be not higher than 150 mg/L; controlling the circulation water distribution frequency for 21 times, setting the retention time for 48 hours, and keeping the filler water inlet load of the filter material layer 6 in the nitrification trickling filtration tower not higher than 12.0kg N/m3D, the ammonia nitrogen nitration conversion rate reaches 92.7 percent.
Test example 1
The experimental case is a pilot test of the method for treating ammonia nitrogen by biological trickling filtration of biogas slurry by using a micro-foam filler, and the used biogas slurry treatment device (pilot test device) comprises an adjusting tank 15 and a nitrification trickling filtration tower (biological trickling filtration ammonia nitrogen nitrification tower) described in example 1. A vertical overflow baffle 16 is arranged in the regulating tank 15 and used for intercepting most of sludge and ensuring that supernatant liquid is basically in the nitrification trickling filtration tower. A return port at the bottom of a water storage area 7 of the nitrification trickling filtration tower is connected with a water inlet of an adjusting tank 15 through a return pipeline 8, a clear liquid outlet of the adjusting tank 15 is connected with an inlet of a reflux pump 9, and an outlet of the reflux pump 9 is connected with an inlet of a water distributor 4 at the upper part of the nitrification trickling filtration tower through a return pipe 10. The bottom of the water storage area 7 of the nitrification trickling filtration tower of the small test device is provided with a water outlet 13 for discharging supernatant. The two sides of the bottom of the adjusting tank 15 are respectively provided with a sludge discharge port 14 and a water discharge port 13.
The small trial test method is as follows:
diluting the biogas slurry discharged from the anaerobic pool of a certain pig farm in the Shanghai according to the concentration level of the biogas slurry in a corresponding proportion, adding the diluted biogas slurry into an adjusting pool 15 (the adjusting pool 15 is open), conveying the diluted biogas slurry to a water distribution area 3 of a nitrification trickling filtration tower by a reflux pump 9, uniformly distributing the biogas slurry by a water distributor 4, dripping the biogas slurry to a filter material layer 6 through an oxygenation area 5, reacting ammonium nitrogen in the biogas slurry with nitrifying bacteria attached to the surface of the filter material to convert the ammonium nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen, infiltrating the treated biogas slurry to a water storage area 7, and conveying the treated biogas slurry to the water distributor 4 by the reflux pump 9 through a reflux port for repeated trickling filtration.
The specific operation steps are as follows: firstly, performing biofilm culturing on nitrobacteria, mixing and diluting in an adjusting tank 15 according to the concentration of biogas slurry and tap water in proportion, controlling the concentration of ammonia nitrogen to be about 50mg/L, and adding inoculum (activated sludge) according to the inoculation proportion of 100%. The pH value of inlet water is 7.0-8.5, the DO value is controlled to be 2.0-4.0 mg/L in the operation process, the height of a filter material layer is set to be 50cm, the circulating water distribution flow of biogas slurry is 2.0L/min, the corresponding circulating water distribution times are 58 times, the retention time is 2 days, after the water distribution circulating operation is finished, half of supernatant is removed, meanwhile, fresh biogas slurry with the same volume is supplemented, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of inlet water is gradually increased to 70-90 mg/L, the operation is carried out for 2-5 times, all the activated sludge in the nitrification trickling filtration tower is emptied, and all the activated sludge is introduced into the biogas slurry to continue the operation. When the operation is carried out to the 30 th day, the nitrification conversion rate of the ammonium nitrogen is about 90 percent, the nitrobacteria biofilm formation is completed, and the device is started.
Table 1 shows the nitration conversion effect of the device on ammonia nitrogen under different circulating water distribution flow conditions. Five groups of different circulating water distribution flow rates are set, wherein the circulating water distribution flow rates are respectively 0.4L/min, 1.2L/min, 2.0L/min, 2.8L/min, the corresponding circulating water distribution times are 15 times, 46 times, 77 times, 108 times and 138 times, and the circulating water distribution flux is set to be 18.3m, 55.0 m, 91.7m, 128.4m and 165.1m3/m2D, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the intake biogas slurry is about 96-101 mg/L, and the height of the filter material layer is set to be 50 cm. After the treatment of the nitrification trickling filtration tower, when the circulating water distribution flow is in the range of 0.4-3.6L/min and the device runs for 48 hours, the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent is 13.1-40.3 mg/L; when the flow rate of circulating water distribution is 2.0L/min, the frequency of circulating water distribution is 77 times, and the flux of circulating water distribution is 91.7m3/m2And d, the nitrification efficiency of the ammonium nitrogen in the biogas slurry is 87%, and the treatment effect is optimal.
TABLE 1 nitration conversion of Ammonia Nitrogen at different flow ranges
Figure BDA0003037636770000131
Test example two
The experimental case is a small test of the ammonia nitrogen nitrification treatment method of biogas slurry biotrickling filter adopting the micro-foam filler, the operation steps of the used biogas slurry treatment device (small test device) and the device starting process are the same as those of the experimental case I, and the difference is that the experimental case sets the operation condition of the device under different filler heights.
Table 2 shows the nitrification effect of the test apparatus on ammonium nitrogen in biogas slurry under the condition of filter material layers of different heights. Setting different heights of the filter material layers to be 30cm, 50cm, 70 cm, 90cm and 110cm respectively, setting the flow rate of circulating water distribution to be 2.0L/min (the frequency of circulating water distribution is 38 times), and setting the flux of circulating water distribution to be 91.7m3/m2D, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the inlet water is 90-100 mg/L, and the operation time of the device is 24 h. After the treatment of the device, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent is 18.2-39.4 mg/L, the nitrification conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen is 60-81%, and when the height of the filter material layer is 90cm, the nitrification conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen is 81%, and the effect is optimal.
TABLE 2 Ammonia nitrogen nitration conversion rates for different filler height ranges
Figure BDA0003037636770000132
Figure BDA0003037636770000141
Test example three
The experimental case is a small test of the ammonia nitrogen nitrification treatment method of biogas slurry biotrickling filter by adopting the micro-foam filler, the operation steps of the used biogas slurry treatment device (small test device) and the device starting process are the same as those of the experimental case I, and the difference is that the experimental case sets the operation condition of the device under different influent ammonia nitrogen concentrations.
Table 3 shows the treatment effect of the test apparatus on ammonium nitrogen in the biogas slurry, and the load impact resistance of the exploration apparatus, at different influent ammonia nitrogen concentrations. Is arranged atThe same ammonia nitrogen concentration of the inlet water is respectively 100mg/L, 125mg/L, 150mg/L, 175 mg/L and 200mg/L, the flow rate of the circulating water distribution is set to be 2.5L/min (the circulating water distribution times are 48 times), and the flux of the circulating water distribution is set to be 114.6m3/m2D, the height of the filter bed is set to 90cm, and the plant run time is 24 h. After the treatment of the device, under the action of nitrifying bacteria on the filter material layer, the concentration range of the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent is 18.4-140.3 mg/L, the concentration level is greatly reduced, and the nitrification conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen is 31-81%. The nitrification conversion rate of the ammonium nitrogen is reduced along with the increase of the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the inlet water, and when the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 200mg/L, the nitrification conversion rate is only 31 percent, which shows that nitrifying bacteria in the filter material layer are inhibited by the high-concentration ammonium nitrogen. When the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the inlet water is 100mg/L, the nitration conversion rate is 81 percent, and the effect is optimal. When the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the inlet water is 150mg/L, the nitrification conversion rate is about 60 percent, so that in order to ensure the ammonia nitrogen nitrification treatment efficiency of the test, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the inlet water is recommended not to be higher than 150 mg/L.
TABLE 3 Ammonia nitrogen nitration conversion rates for different influent ammonia nitrogen concentration ranges
Figure BDA0003037636770000142
Test example four
The experimental case is a small test of the ammonia nitrogen nitrification treatment method of biogas slurry biotrickling filter by adopting the micro-foam filler, the operation steps of the used biogas slurry treatment device (small test device) and the device starting process are the same as those of the experimental case I, and the difference is that the experimental case sets the operation condition of the device under the optimal operation parameters.
Based on the equal-orthogonal test results of the first test case, the second test case and the third test case, the optimal parameter range of the biogas slurry treatment device (small test device) is obtained. The ammonia nitrogen concentration of inlet water is set to be less than 125mg/L, the height of the filter material layer is set to be 30-90 cm, the circulating water distribution flow is set to be 2.0-2.8L/min (the circulating water distribution times are 38-54), and the circulating water distribution flux is set to be 91.7-128.4 m3/m2D, the device run time is 24 h. Treated by the device and under the action of nitrobacteria on the filter material layerThe concentration range of the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent is 3.4-18.3 mg/L, the concentration level is greatly reduced, and the nitration conversion rate of the ammonium nitrogen is 85.4-93.2%. The ammonia nitrogen nitration conversion rate of the biogas slurry of the device can stably reach more than 85% within the parameter range, and the device has a good ammonia nitrogen nitration effect, and the parameter is suggested to be the optimal parameter range of the device.
Test example five
As shown in fig. 3, this test case is a pilot test of the method for nitrifying bio-trickling filter ammonia nitrogen in biogas slurry by using a micro-foam filler, and the used biogas slurry treatment device is a bio-trickling filter ammonia nitrogen nitrifying device by using a micro-foam filler, and comprises an anaerobic tank 12 and four nitrification trickling filters (bio-trickling filter ammonia nitrogen nitrifying tanks), reflux pumps and reflux pipes which are connected in parallel and are described in embodiment 1. The effluent (biogas slurry) of the anaerobic tank 12 and tap water 11 are diluted according to the proportion of 10:1 and then are conveyed to a water distribution area 3 of a nitrification trickling filtration tower, water is uniformly distributed by a water distributor 4 and then drops to a filter material layer 6 through an oxygenation area 5, ammonium nitrogen in the biogas slurry reacts with nitrifying bacteria attached to the surface of the filter material to be converted into nitrate nitrogen, the treated biogas slurry is infiltrated to a water storage area 7, the treated biogas slurry is conveyed to the water distributor 4 through a backflow port at the bottom of the water storage area 7 by a backflow pump 9 and is repeatedly trickled and filtered after being diluted with fresh biogas slurry, and the backflow ratio is set to be 10.
The specific operation steps are different from those of the first experimental example in that the pilot plant is not provided with the adjusting tank 15, the effluent (biogas slurry) of the anaerobic tank 12 which is operated for the first time and tap water 11 are diluted and conveyed to the water distributor 4 according to the proportion of 10:1, the inflow flow of fresh biogas slurry from the effluent of the anaerobic tank 12 to a single nitrification trickling filter is set to be 11.7L/min, the flow of circulating water distribution is set to be 117.4L/min, and the flux of circulating water distribution is set to be 23.9m3/m2D, the other steps are completely consistent with the first experimental example.
The test case shows the stable operation effect of the invention in a certain pig farm, in the stable operation process, the inflow flow of the fresh biogas slurry from the anaerobic tank 12 to the single nitrification trickling filter is set to be 11.7L/min, and the inflow ammonia nitrogen concentration is 870 mg/L; the ammonia nitrogen concentration after the dilution of the water distributor 4 is about 87mg/L, the circulating water distribution flow is set to 117.4L/min, the circulating water distribution frequency is set to 16 times, and the circulating water distribution flux is set to 23.9m3/m2D, the height of the filter material layer 6 is 90cm, the retention time is 24h, and the nitration conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen is 86%.
Test example six
As shown in fig. 3, the experimental case is a pilot test of the ammonia nitrogen nitrification treatment method of biogas slurry biotrickling filter by using the micro-foam filler, the operation steps of the biogas slurry treatment device and the device start-up process are the same as those of the experimental example five, except that the experimental case sets the operation condition of the pilot test device under the optimal operation parameters.
The inlet flow of fresh biogas slurry from the outlet of the anaerobic tank 12 to a single nitrification trickling filtration tower is set to be 8.2-15.3L/min, the inlet ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 1500mg/L, the outlet ammonia nitrogen concentration of the diluted water distributor 4 is less than 150mg/L, the height of the filter material layer is set to be 30-90 cm, the circulating water distribution flow is set to be 82.2-152.6L/min, and the circulating water distribution flux is set to be 16.7-31.1 m3/m2D, the number of times of circulating water distribution is 11-21, and the running time of the device is not less than 12 h. After the treatment of the device, under the action of nitrifying bacteria on the filter material layer, the concentration range of the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent is 5.2-19.6 mg/L, the concentration level is greatly reduced, and the nitrification conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen is 84.3-89.6%. The ammonia nitrogen nitration conversion rate of the biogas slurry of the device can stably reach more than 84% within the parameter range, and the device has a good ammonia nitrogen nitration effect, and the parameter is suggested to be the optimal parameter range of the trial device.
Compared with the small-scale test, the pilot test reduces the marginal loss and has higher processing efficiency; the biogas slurry inlet volume of the pilot test is larger, and the treatment is carried out by connecting 4 biological trickling filtration ammonia nitrogen nitration devices in parallel, so the circulating water distribution flux of a single biological trickling filtration ammonia nitrogen nitration device is about 1/4 of a small test device.
Application example (biogas slurry returning contrast test)
As shown in fig. 1, the traditional biogas slurry treatment mode is greatly different from the ammonia nitrogen nitrification treatment mode of the biogas slurry biotrickling filter adopting the micro-foam filler. The traditional biogas slurry treatment modes generally comprise two modes, namely a standard treatment mode and a returning utilization mode. 1) And (3) standard treatment mode: mainly adopts aerobic-anaerobic combinationThe process ensures that relevant indexes meet the requirements of local or industrial discharge standards by degrading or removing organic and inorganic pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the wastewater, and is suitable for farms with insufficient matched farmlands at the periphery; however, the mode causes that nutrients such as nitrogen and the like in the biogas slurry are basically N2The forms are completely lost and wasted, and the guide of resource utilization is not met. 2) Returning to the field utilization mode: generally, an anaerobic fermentation technology is adopted, urine sewage is converted into biogas slurry and then stored, and the biogas slurry is used as liquid fertilizer to be applied to farmlands in peripheral areas according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the farmland crops; however, in the anaerobic fermentation process of sewage, nitrogen mainly exists in the form of ammonium nitrogen, the ammoniation rate reaches more than 95%, in the processes of storage and returning to the field, the ammonia discharge loss rate reaches 25-35%, the nitrogen utilization rate is lower than 65-75%, the resource utilization efficiency is lower, and environmental air pollution can be caused. 3) The invention discloses a biogas slurry biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment mode adopting a micro-foam filler, which comprises the following steps: the ammonia nitrogen nitrification treatment device for biological trickling of biogas slurry by adopting the micro-foam filler converts ammonium nitrogen in the biogas slurry into nitrate nitrogen, the conversion rate of the nitrate nitrogen reaches more than 85%, the TN loss is less than 5%, the ammonia discharge ratio is less than 3%, and the nitrogen utilization rate exceeds 95%.
The application test case is a comparative study on the ammonia emission concentration and the nitrogen loss rate in the biogas slurry storage and returning process of the traditional biogas slurry treatment mode and the biogas slurry biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment mode adopting the micro-foam filler. The effluent biogas slurry of the anaerobic tank 12 and the biogas slurry treated by the ammonia nitrogen nitrification treatment device of the invention adopting the micro-foam filler for bio-trickling filtration are synchronously compared, monitored and researched, and the nitrogen loss rate level is calculated and obtained.
The results show that under the condition that the nitrogen content (about 100mgTN/L) of the unit volume is the same, the change range of the ammonia discharge concentration is 10-150 mg/m in the process of storing and directly returning the untreated biogas slurry to the field for utilization3The loss rate of nitrogen is about 25-35%; the biogas slurry treated by the biological trickling filtration ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device is storedThe variation range of the ammonia emission concentration in the process of storing and returning to field for utilization is about 0.1-5.0 mg/m3The loss rate of nitrogen is only 0.5-3%. The result shows that after the treatment of the biotrickling filter ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device, the nitrogen utilization rate of the biogas slurry in the field returning process is increased by about 22-32 percentage points, and the resource utilization efficiency is obviously improved; meanwhile, the ammonia emission concentration level and the emission proportion are reduced by 22-32 percentage points, and the influence on the quality of the ambient air is also obviously reduced.
Application example (economic and environmental benefit analysis)
The embodiment is an economic benefit analysis of a large-scale pig farm by applying the biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration device and the method. The biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration device has small occupied area and simple manual operation and maintenance, so the equipment investment cost and the daily operation cost of the biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration device are only considered.
Taking the scale pig farm where the pilot test device described in the fourth test example of the invention is located as an example, the amount of wastewater generated per day is about 68m3And d, calculating the one-time equipment investment of the ammonia nitrogen nitration device, the electricity cost, the water cost and the output income generated in the normal operation period, and analyzing and obtaining the economic benefit generated by processing 1 ton of biogas slurry.
(1) Equipment investment cost. The treatment equipment adopts a biological trickling filtration ammonia nitrogen nitrification tank, and can be used for 5-10 years (the service life of a polyethylene tank body) by one-time investment. Biogas slurry for ensuring daily treatment>68m3D, equipment investment cost ═ 5 ten thousand yuan (nitration trickling filter main body 4 set) +2 ten thousand yuan (circulating pump 4 set) +5 ten thousand yuan (pipeline, water distributor 4 set)]12 ten thousand yuan. Spreading to the treatment cost of each ton of biogas slurry of 12 ten thousand/5 years/365 days/68 m30.97 yuan/m3
(2) The operating electricity consumption cost. The power consumption for treating each ton of biogas slurry is 4.4kWh (4 circulating pump power) 24 hours multiplied by 0.353 yuan/kWh (standard for power and electricity charge of Shanghai agricultural and sideline industries). divided by 68m3D (amount of biogas treated per day) is 0.55 yuan/m3。
(3) The operating water consumption cost. When the device is started for the first time, tap water or river water is used for dilution, and the generated nitrifying liquid flows back to dilute the fresh biogas slurry after the device is started successfully, so that the water cost in the link can be greatly saved.
(4) Aggregate cost
The cost of treating each ton of biogas slurry by the nitrification trickling filter device is 0.97 yuan/m3+0.55 yuan/m31.52 yuan/m3。
(5) Economic benefits
The biogas slurry as an organic fertilizer can replace most inorganic fertilizers to be returned to the field for utilization, so that the fertilizer input cost is saved, and the market price is about 2500 yuan/ton based on urea (containing 46% of nitrogen). The content ratio of ammonium nitrogen in the biogas slurry which is not subjected to nitrification trickling filtration treatment>95% conservative estimation of nitrogen loss in the process of returning to field and utilization>20 percent; more than 80% of ammonium nitrogen in the biogas slurry treated by nitrification and trickling filtration is converted into nitrate nitrogen, the nitrogen loss in returning and utilization is less than 3% (calculated according to 5%), and the original biogas slurry consumption can be saved by more than 15% under conservative estimation. The economic benefits generated before and after nitrification trickling filtration treatment are estimated by taking 1 ton of returning biogas slurry as an example: 1 ton of biogas slurry is directly returned to the field for utilization, so that 1.95kg of urea can be saved, and 4.87 yuan/ton is calculated; 2.32kg of urea can be saved by returning the urea to the field after nitration and trickling filtration, and the amount is 5.78 yuan/ton. Therefore, the ammonia nitrogen nitration device is adopted to treat the biogas slurry to replace urea for returning to the field for utilization, and the generated direct economic benefit is 5.78 yuan/m3-1.52 elements/m33.26 yuan/m3。
Besides generating direct economic benefits, the biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device and the method adopted by the invention greatly reduce the ammonia volatilization proportion in the biogas slurry storage and returning utilization processes, indirectly reduce the treatment cost of atmospheric pollution, and accord with the strategic guidance of national atmospheric pollution control and livestock and poultry waste resource utilization.

Claims (10)

1. A biogas slurry biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device adopting a micro-foam filler is characterized by comprising a nitration trickling filtration tower, a reflux pump and a reflux pipe; the nitrification trickling filtration tower is respectively provided with a top cover, a vent, a water distribution area, an oxygen charging area, a filter material layer and a water storage area from top to bottom; the top cover is positioned at the top end of the nitrification trickling filtration tower; the ventilation opening is an opening on the top cover; the water distribution area is positioned below the ventilation opening of the nitrification trickling filtration tower, the water distribution area is transversely provided with a water distributor, the water distributor is suspended and fixed below the top cover, and a water inlet of the water distributor is connected with a return pipe of the water storage area; the oxygen charging area is positioned below the water distribution area; the filter material layer is positioned below the oxygen charging area and above the water storage area; the filter material layer adopts micro-foam filler which floats on the water surface of the water storage area; a water storage area is arranged below the filter material layer, and a water outlet is arranged at the middle upper part of the water storage area and used for discharging supernatant; the bottom of the water storage area is provided with a sludge discharge port and a backflow port, the backflow port is connected with a water inlet of a backflow pump through a backflow pipe, and a water outlet of the backflow pump is connected with a water inlet of a water distributor through a backflow pipeline.
2. The ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device of biogas slurry biotrickling filter adopting microfoam packing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water inlet of the water distributor is further connected with the water outlet of the anaerobic tank.
3. The ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device of biogas slurry biotrickling filter adopting microfoam packing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the device further comprises an adjusting tank, a vertical overflow baffle is arranged in the adjusting tank; a return port at the bottom of a water storage area of the nitrification trickling filtration tower is connected with a water inlet of an adjusting tank through a return pipeline, a clear liquid outlet of the adjusting tank is connected with an inlet of a return pump, and an outlet of the return pump is connected with an inlet of a water distributor at the upper part of the nitrification trickling filtration tower through a return pipe; a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the water storage area of the nitrification trickling filtration tower; the two sides of the bottom of the adjusting tank are respectively provided with a sludge discharge port and a water discharge port.
4. The ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device of biogas slurry biotrickling filter adopting microfoam packing as recited in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the vent is located at the middle position of the top cover; the water distribution flux of the water distributor of the device is 16.7-31.1 m3/m2·d。
5. The ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device for biogas slurry biotrickling filter adopting the micro-foam packing as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the oxygenation zone is positioned below the water distribution zone and above the filter material layer, and the relative distance between the water distributor and the filter material layer is kept between 40-80 cm.
6. The ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device for biogas slurry biotrickling filter adopting the micro-foam filler as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the diameter range of the micro-foam filler is 0.5-10 mm, and the apparent density after treatment is that<20kg/m3The compression strength is more than or equal to 60KPA, the water absorption is less than or equal to 5 percent (V/V), the oxygen index is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the bulk density range is 20-60 kg/m3The porosity is more than or equal to 50 percent.
7. The ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device for biogas slurry biotrickling filter adopting microfoam filler as recited in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said microfoam filler is expandable polystyrene microfoam filler; the nitration trickling filtration tower is made of polyethylene.
8. The method for treating biogas slurry by using the biogas slurry biotrickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device adopting the micro-foam filler as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
debugging of reaction device
1) Biogas slurry pretreatment: according to the local pig farm manure treatment process, urine and shed flushing water of a shed are subjected to solid-liquid separation, the liquid part of the urine and the shed flushing water enters an anaerobic tank for anaerobic fermentation, and biogas slurry subjected to anaerobic fermentation is conveyed to a water distribution area of a nitrification trickling filter through a pipeline; the flow rate of the input biogas slurry in the anaerobic tank is 8.2-15.3L/min, the ammonia nitrogen concentration level is 400-1500 mg/L, tap water or river water is adopted for dilution according to the volume ratio of 4: 1-10: 1 in the initial operation, the ammonia nitrogen nitrifying liquid in the water storage area of the nitrifying trickling filtration tower is used for refluxing and diluting the high-concentration biogas slurry after the start is successful, the reflux ratio is set to be 4: 1-10: 1, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water outlet water of the water distributor is adjusted to be not higher than 150 mg/L;
2) domestication and culture of nitrifying bacteria: activated sludge in an aerobic tank of a sewage treatment plant is selected for acclimatization culture, and the SVI of the selected activated sludge is 70-150; mixing and aerating the retrieved activated sludge and biogas slurry with ammonia nitrogen concentration of 30-100 mg/L according to a volume ratio of 0.2-2:1, uniformly mixing, carrying out aeration culture at a flow rate of 4.0-6.0L/min, discharging 1/3-2/3 supernatant every day, supplementing fresh biogas slurry with the same volume, and carrying out preliminary domestication for 2-5 days;
3) filling filler in the filter material layer: selecting a micro-foam filler with the particle size of 0.5-10 mm as a filler of a filter material layer according to the volume of the nitrification trickling filtration tower, and putting the filler into the nitrification trickling filtration tower to enable the filler to uniformly float above the water surface of a water storage area;
(II) nitrifying bacteria biofilm culturing
Adding the cultured inoculum activated sludge into a water storage area, controlling the inoculation ratio to be 20-200%, and diluting with tap water or river water according to the volume ratio of 4: 1-10: 1 according to the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent of the anaerobic tank biogas slurry to be 400-1500 mg/L so that the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent of a water distributor is not more than 150 mg/L; conveying the diluted biogas slurry to a water distribution area of a nitrification trickling filtration tower, uniformly distributing the water by a water distributor, dripping the diluted biogas slurry to a filter material layer through an oxygenation area, performing full contact reaction, then infiltrating to a water storage area, and conveying the biogas slurry to the water distributor again through a reflux port of the water storage area by a reflux pump for water distribution; controlling the pH value of the inlet water to be 7.0-8.5, controlling the DO value in the operation process to be 2.0-4.0 mg/L, and setting the height range of the filter material layer to be 30-90 cm; the water distribution circulation frequency is not less than 20 times, and the retention time is not less than 2 days; after the circulating water distribution operation is finished, discharging 1/3-2/3 supernatant, and simultaneously supplementing fresh biogas slurry with the same volume, so that after the operation is carried out for 2-5 times, all activated sludge precipitated in the nitrification trickling filtration tower is emptied through a sludge discharge port, and only biogas slurry is reserved in a water storage area; then, the operation is continued until the film formation is successful; when the biogas slurry is operated to 10-15 days, the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the biogas slurry is not less than 70%, and the number of microbial colonies loaded by the filler is not less than 3.0 multiplied by 10 through microscopic examination6cfu/m3(ii) a When the biogas slurry is operated to 25-30 days, the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the biogas slurry is not less than 85%, and the microbial colony number of the filler load can be observed to be not less than 6.0 multiplied by 10 under microscopic examination6cfu/m3Judging that the acclimation of the nitrifying bacteria is finished and the filter material layer is successfully filmed;
(III) nitration trickling filtration treatment
Through the steps, the device is successfully started, has better ammonia nitrogen nitration conversion capacity and is put into operation formally; control input during normal operationThe flow rate of biogas slurry in the anaerobic tank is 8.2-15.3L/min, the ammonia nitrogen concentration level is 400-1500 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen nitrifying liquid in the water storage area of the nitrifying trickling filtration tower is used for refluxing and diluting the biogas slurry input by the anaerobic tank, the reflux ratio is set to be 4: 1-10: 1, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the effluent water of the water distributor is adjusted to be not higher than 150 mg/L; the circulating water distribution frequency is controlled to be not less than 10 times, the retention time is set to be not less than 12 hours, and the water inlet load of the filter material layer filler in the nitrification trickling filtration tower is kept to be not more than 12.0kg N/m3D, ensuring that the nitrification conversion rate of the ammonia nitrogen is not lower than 60 percent.
9. The method for treating biogas slurry according to claim 8, wherein continuous feeding is adopted, one or more nitrification trickling filter towers are connected in parallel, the inflow flow rate of fresh biogas slurry from the effluent of the anaerobic tank to a single nitrification trickling filter tower is controlled to be 8.2-15.3L/min, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the inflow water is controlled to be less than 1500mg/L, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the effluent of the water distributor after dilution is less than 150mg/L, the height of the filter material layer is 30-90 cm, the flow rate of circulating water distribution is 82.2-152.6L/min, and the flux of circulating water distribution is 16.7-31.1 m3/m2D, the number of times of circulating water distribution is 11-21, and the running time of the device is not less than 12 h.
10. The method for treating biogas slurry as claimed in claim 8, wherein the anaerobic fermentation biogas slurry is fed in a sequencing batch manner, and is fed into a nitrification trickling filtration tower for circulation at one time, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of inlet water is controlled to be less than 1500mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration of outlet water of a water distributor after dilution is 50-125 mg/L, the height of a filter material layer is 30-90 cm, the flow rate of circulating water distribution is 2.0-2.8L/min, and the flux of circulating water distribution is 91.7-128.4 m3/m2D, the number of times of circulating water distribution is 38-54, and the running time of the device is not less than 12 h.
CN202110448241.2A 2021-04-25 2021-04-25 Biogas slurry biological trickling ammonia nitrogen nitration treatment device and method adopting micro-foam filler Pending CN112897823A (en)

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