CN112895238B - Method for near-net forming of hollow metal structural part - Google Patents

Method for near-net forming of hollow metal structural part Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112895238B
CN112895238B CN202011539652.4A CN202011539652A CN112895238B CN 112895238 B CN112895238 B CN 112895238B CN 202011539652 A CN202011539652 A CN 202011539652A CN 112895238 B CN112895238 B CN 112895238B
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mold
hollow
structural part
gel
hollow metal
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CN112895238A (en
Inventor
何新波
杨芳
张耕秋
邵艳茹
郭志猛
陈存广
张涛
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Guangzhou Institute For Advanced Material University Of Science & Technology Beijing
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Guangzhou Institute For Advanced Material University Of Science & Technology Beijing
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B22F1/107—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing organic material comprising solvents, e.g. for slip casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/38—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
    • B29C33/3842—Manufacturing moulds, e.g. shaping the mould surface by machining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for near-net forming of a large-size hollow metal structural part, belonging to the field of near-net forming of a complex-shape material, and comprising the following steps: (1) printing a central shaft; (2) printing the structural member; (3) preparing a hollow mould; (4) preparing a structural part mould; (5) assembling a mould; (6) preparing a slurry; (7) gel casting; (8) The method has the advantages of simple process, strong operability, smooth inner wall of the prepared hollow structural member and good quality.

Description

Method for near-net forming of hollow metal structural part
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material forming, and particularly relates to a method for near-net forming of a hollow metal structural part, and further relates to the metal structural part obtained by the method.
Background
The gel casting technology ingeniously combines the traditional wet colloidal forming process and high molecular chemistry, and introduces a method of high molecular monomer polymerization into the powder forming technology. The method comprises the steps of preparing a suspension with low viscosity and high solid volume fraction to realize a uniform blank with high strength and high density, degumming and sintering the demoulded blank to remove a high-molecular adhesive, and finally obtaining the required ceramic or metal part.
Generally, parts with complex shapes and large sizes can be prepared by utilizing a gel injection molding technology, but for preparing hollow metal structural parts, the problems of single shape, poor demolding, easy generation of cracks and the like are often existed. At present, only hollow metal structural parts with simple shapes can be prepared, generally, in the gel casting forming process, a solid rod is fixed at the center of a mould, then suspension slurry is poured for forming, and after the slurry is solidified, the middle solid rod is separated to obtain the hollow structural part. However, the demoulding process is not good, and the surface quality of the inner wall is not high and scratches are more due to the fact that the surface friction force between the rod and the blank is larger because the strength of the blank is not high in the rod demoulding process; meanwhile, cracks are easily generated on the inner wall of the blank, and the quality of the structural part is poor. In addition, the internal structure of the hollow metal structural member is simple, so that a complex hollow structure cannot be formed, and the application of the gel-casting titanium alloy is limited.
CN101722306A discloses a near-net forming method of a porous metal part, which comprises the following steps: (1) designing a three-dimensional CAD model of a part, storing the three-dimensional CAD model as an STL file, and conveying the STL file to SLM rapid forming equipment; (2) vacuumizing the equipment and introducing protective gas; (3) the powder feeding mechanism spreads a layer of metal powder with the thickness of 0.05-0.15 mm and the particle size of 10-100 mu m on the metal substrate; (4) scanning the outer contour of the slice boundary by adopting a laser beam with the laser power of more than or equal to 100W to melt the outer contour; (5) repeating the steps (3) to (4) to finish the straight forming; (6) and putting the shell of the formed part and the powder loaded in the shell into a high-temperature sintering furnace for sintering and forming. Although this patent application achieves near net shape forming of complex structural metal structures, the process is cumbersome, requires expensive equipment, and is a complex process.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for preparing a hollow metal structural member with smooth inner wall, good quality and complex structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for forming a hollow metal structural part by near net shape, which combines a 3D printing technology with a gel casting forming technology, prints a central shaft with a complex structure by the 3D printing technology, obtains a central shaft thin die by reverse die, and adds granular substances into the thin die, so that the thin die can play a role of fixing and supporting in the gel casting forming process, the granular substances are easy to pour out after slurry is solidified and formed, the demoulding is convenient, the problems of cracks, defects and the like caused by demoulding are avoided, and the hollow metal structural part with a complex internal structure can be obtained. The hollow metal structural member prepared by the method has smooth inner wall, good quality, flexible shape design, simple process and strong operability.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows.
A method for near-net forming a hollow metal structural member is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Printing a central shaft: designing and reducing the size proportion of the central shaft according to the shape and size requirements of the hollow metal structural part and the sintering shrinkage rate in the powder sintering process, and printing the corresponding central shaft by adopting a 3D printer;
(2) Printing a structural part: designing and amplifying the size proportion of the structural part according to the shape and size requirements of the structural part and the sintering shrinkage rate in the powder sintering process, and printing the corresponding structural part by adopting a 3D printer;
(3) Preparing a hollow mold: fixing the central shaft in the step (1), adding a curing agent accounting for 0.1-0.5wt% of the weight of the silica gel and a thickening agent accounting for 0.5-3wt% of the weight of the silica gel into the silica gel, uniformly stirring, pouring the silica gel along the central shaft, curing for 6-24h, and then removing the central shaft to obtain a hollow silica gel mold;
(4) Preparing a structural part mould: performing reverse molding on the structural part in the step (2), adding 1-5wt% of curing agent into silica gel, uniformly stirring, pouring into a reverse molding cavity, standing at room temperature for curing for 6-24h, and removing the mold to obtain a structural part mold;
(5) Assembling a mold: filling the hollow silica gel mold in the step (3) with a granular substance, and fixing the granular substance at the corresponding position of the silica gel mold in the step (4) by using a hot melt glue gun to obtain a gel injection molding mold;
(6) Preparing slurry: mixing metal powder, a gel system, oleic acid and a defoaming agent according to volume percentage, uniformly stirring, putting into a ball mill, mixing materials, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 1:1-4:1, the ball-milling speed is 100r/min-250r/min, and the ball-milling time is 15-30min, so as to obtain suspension slurry;
(7) Gel casting: pouring the suspension slurry in the step (6) into the gel casting forming mold in the step (5), curing for 0.5-3h at room temperature, then pouring out the particulate matter, taking out the hollow silica gel mold, and then removing the mold to obtain a hollow metal structural part blank;
(8) Degumming and sintering: and (4) correspondingly degumming and sintering the hollow metal structural member blank in the step (7), wherein the degumming temperature is 300-600 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4h, sintering at 800-1350 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-5h to obtain the near-net-shape hollow metal structural member.
The method for preparing the large-size hollow metal structural part combines the 3D printing technology and the gel casting forming technology, and prepares the large-size hollow metal structural part with a complex structure. The matched central shaft is printed out by adopting a 3D printing technology according to the shape requirement of the hollow structural part, the matched thin sheath is prepared, and the granular substances which are easy to pour out are filled in the thin sheath, so that the thin sheath can play a role of fixed support in the gel injection molding process, the granular substances are easy to pour out after the slurry is solidified and formed, the demolding is convenient, and the problems of cracks and the like caused by the demolding are avoided. The hollow structural member prepared by the method has smooth inner wall, good quality, simple process and strong operability, and in addition, the method can lead designers to flexibly design hollow structural members with various complex shapes, thereby widening the application range of the method.
Further, the material of the central shaft and the structural member in the step (1) and the step (2) is one or more of polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), photosensitive resin and nylon.
Further, the thickness of the hollow silica gel mold in the step (3) is 1-5mm.
Further, the mass of the curing agent in the step (3) is 1-5% of the mass of the silica gel.
Further, the particulate matter in step (5) comprises one or more of flour, salt and sand.
Further, the particle size of the particulate matter is 40 μm to 500 μm.
Further, the metal powder in the step (6) is one or more of stainless steel, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy, copper and copper alloy or titanium and titanium alloy powder.
Further, the powder particle size of the metal powder is 5 to 50 μm.
Further, the gel system in step (6) is one of a water-based or non-water-based gel system, wherein the water-based gel system is one of an acrylate system or an acrylamide system.
Further, the metal powder in the step (6) accounts for 50-65vol% of the total volume of the metal powder, the gel system, the oleic acid and the defoaming agent, the oleic acid accounts for 0.02-0.1vol% of the total volume of the metal powder, the gel system, the oleic acid and the defoaming agent, the defoaming agent accounts for 0.01-0.05vol% of the total volume of the metal powder, the gel system, the oleic acid and the defoaming agent, and the balance is the gel system.
In addition, the invention also provides a large-size hollow metal structural part prepared by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method combines the 3D printing technology and the gel casting forming technology, has simple process and strong operability, and can prepare structural parts with complicated shapes, sizes and internal structures.
2. According to the invention, the central shaft thin die with a complex shape structure can be obtained by performing reverse die on the central shaft for 3D printing, and then the granular substance is added, so that the central shaft thin die can play a role of fixing and supporting in the gel injection molding process, and the granular substance is easy to pour out after the slurry is cured and formed, thereby being convenient for demolding, not damaging the inner wall structure and the like.
3. The method avoids the problems of inner wall cracks, scratches and the like generated in the demoulding process of the hollow metal structural part in the traditional process, and is beneficial to obtaining the hollow metal structural part with excellent internal surface quality.
4. The hollow metal structural part obtained by the method has smooth inner wall and good quality, and the shape of the hollow metal structural part can be complicated and changeable.
Detailed Description
The following further illustrates embodiments of the invention:
preparation examples
Example 1:
a method for near-net forming of a hollow metal structural part comprises the following specific steps:
step (1): printing a polylactic acid (PLA) central shaft and a structural member prototype with complex shapes by using a 3D printer;
step (2): adding 0.2g of curing agent (hydroxyethyl methacrylate and N-dimethylaniline system) and 0.5g of thickening agent (hydroxymethyl cellulose) into 100g of silica gel, uniformly stirring, pouring the silica gel along the central shaft of printed polylactic acid (PLA), curing for 6 hours, and removing the central shaft to obtain a hollow silica gel mold with the thickness of 2 mm;
and (3): the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out reverse molding on a polylactic acid (PLA) structural part prototype, adding 3g of curing agent (hydroxyethyl methacrylate and N-dimethylaniline system) into 100g of silica gel, uniformly stirring, pouring into a reverse molding cavity, standing at room temperature for curing for 14h, and then removing the mold to obtain a silica gel mold of the structural part;
and (4): filling salt with the particle size of 250 mu m into a hollow mold, and fixing the hollow mold at a corresponding position by a hot melt adhesive gun to obtain a gel injection molding mold;
and (5): mixing 65ml of titanium alloy powder with the particle size of 25 mu m, 0.1ml of oleic acid, 0.02ml of defoaming agent (isooctanol) and 34.88ml of tolyl gel system, uniformly stirring, putting into a planetary ball mill, and mixing, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 1:1, the ball-milling speed is 100r/min, and the ball-milling time is 15min, so as to obtain suspension slurry;
and (6): pouring the suspension slurry into a gel injection molding forming mold, curing for 0.5h at room temperature, then pouring out salt particles, taking out the hollow silica gel mold, and removing the mold to obtain a hollow metal structural part blank;
and (7): and (3) insulating the hollow metal structural member blank at 300 ℃ for 4h, and then insulating at 1350 ℃ for 2h to obtain the near-net-shape hollow titanium alloy structural member P1.
Example 2:
preparation process of the embodiment of the invention the preparation process of the embodiment 1 is the same, and the difference is that the stainless steel powder in the step (5) is changed into cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy powder to obtain a near-net-shape hollow cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy structural member P2.
Example 3:
preparation process of embodiment of the invention example 1 is the same except that the stainless steel powder in step (5) is changed to copper powder to obtain a near net-shape hollow copper structural member P3.
Example 4:
preparation process of embodiment of the invention embodiment 1 is the same, except that the curing time in step (2) is changed to 15h, and a near-net-shape hollow stainless steel structural member P4 is obtained.
Example 5
The preparation process of the embodiment of the invention is the same as the preparation process of the embodiment 1 of the invention, and the difference is that the ball-to-material ratio in the step (4) is changed to 2:1, the ball-milling speed is changed to 175r/min, and the ball-milling time is changed to 22.5min, so that the near-net-shape hollow stainless steel structural member P5 is obtained.
Performance examples
The hollow structural members P1 to P5 prepared in inventive examples 1 to 5 and the similar hollow structural member P6 commercially available were subjected to performance test in accordance with the following method, and the specific results are shown in table 1 below.
Inner surface roughness: testing according to the testing method specified in GB/T13288;
tensile strength and yield strength: the test was carried out according to the test method specified in ASTM E381-2001.
Table 1 results of performance testing
Inner surface roughness (mum) Yield strength (MPa) Tensile strength (MPa)
P1 2.4 932 1056
P2 2.1 935 1078
P3 2.7 915 1025
P4 2.5 943 1136
P5 2.8 946 1034
P6 6.5 823 875
The above table shows that the matched central shaft is printed out according to the shape requirement of the hollow structural member by adopting a 3D printing technology, then the matched mold is prepared, the granular substance which is easy to pour out is filled in the mold, then the slurry is prepared for gel injection molding, finally the granular substance is poured out, the mold is taken out and degummed and sintered, the mold can play a role of fixing and supporting in the gel injection molding process, the granular substance is easy to pour out after the slurry is solidified and molded, the demolding is convenient, the problems of cracks, defects and the like caused by demolding are avoided, and meanwhile, the hollow structural member prepared by the method also has better mechanical property.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art based upon the disclosure and teachings of the above specification. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims (8)

1. A method of near net forming a hollow metal structural member, comprising the steps of:
(1) Printing a central shaft: designing and reducing the size proportion of the central shaft according to the shape and size requirements of the hollow metal structural part and the sintering shrinkage rate in the powder sintering process, and printing the corresponding central shaft by adopting a 3D printer;
(2) Printing a structural part: designing and amplifying the size proportion of the structural part according to the shape and size requirements of the structural part and the sintering shrinkage rate in the powder sintering process, and printing the corresponding structural part by adopting a 3D printer;
(3) Preparing a hollow mold: fixing the central shaft in the step (1), adding a curing agent accounting for 0.1-0.5wt% of the weight of the silica gel and a thickening agent accounting for 0.5-3wt% of the weight of the silica gel into the silica gel, uniformly stirring, pouring the silica gel along the central shaft, curing for 6-24h, and then removing the central shaft to obtain a hollow silica gel mold;
(4) Preparing a structural part mould: performing reverse molding on the structural part in the step (2), adding 1-5wt% of curing agent into silica gel, uniformly stirring, pouring into a reverse molding cavity, standing at room temperature for curing for 6-24h, and removing the mold to obtain a structural part mold;
(5) Assembling a mold: filling the hollow silica gel mold in the step (3) with granular substances, and fixing the granular substances at the corresponding position of the silica gel mold in the step (4) by using a hot melt glue gun to obtain a gel injection molding mold;
(6) Preparing slurry: mixing metal powder, a gel system, oleic acid and a defoaming agent according to volume percentage, uniformly stirring, putting into a ball mill, mixing materials, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 1:1-4:1, the ball-milling speed is 100r/min-250r/min, and the ball-milling time is 15-30min, so as to obtain suspension slurry;
(7) Gel casting: pouring the suspension slurry obtained in the step (6) into the gel casting forming mold obtained in the step (5), curing for 0.5-3h at room temperature, then pouring out the granular substances, taking out the hollow silica gel mold, and then removing the mold to obtain a hollow metal structural part blank;
(8) Degumming and sintering: carrying out corresponding degumming and sintering on the hollow metal structural member blank in the step (7), wherein the degumming temperature is 300-600 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4h, then carrying out sintering at 800-1350 ℃, preserving heat for 2-5h, obtaining a near-net-shape hollow metal structural member,
the metal powder in the step (6) accounts for 50-65vol% of the total volume of the metal powder, the gel system, the oleic acid and the defoaming agent, the oleic acid accounts for 0.02-0.1vol% of the total volume of the metal powder, the gel system, the oleic acid and the defoaming agent, the defoaming agent accounts for 0.01-0.05vol% of the total volume of the metal powder, the gel system, the oleic acid and the defoaming agent, and the balance is the gel system.
2. A method of near net shape forming a hollow metal structural member according to claim 1, wherein: the material of the central shaft and the structural part in the steps (1) and (2) is one or more of polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), photosensitive resin and nylon.
3. A method of near net shape forming a hollow metal structural member according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the hollow silica gel mold in the step (3) is 1-5mm.
4. A method of near net shape forming a hollow metal structural member according to claim 1, wherein: the granular material in the step (5) comprises one or more of flour, salt and sand.
5. A method of near net shape forming a hollow metal structural member according to claim 4, wherein: the particle size of the particulate matter is 40 μm to 500 μm.
6. A method of near net shape forming a hollow metal structural member according to claim 1, wherein: the metal powder in the step (6) is one or more of stainless steel, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy, copper and copper alloy or titanium and titanium alloy powder.
7. A method of near net shape forming a hollow metal structural member according to claim 6, wherein: the powder particle size of the metal powder is 5-50 μm.
8. A method of near net shape forming a hollow metal structural member according to claim 1, wherein: the gel system in the step (6) is one of a water-based or non-water-based gel system, wherein the water-based gel system is one of an acrylate system or an acrylamide system.
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