CN112894449A

CN112894449A - Numerical control machine tool for shaft machining

Info

Publication number: CN112894449A
Application number: CN202110112143.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈勤
Original assignee: Ningbo Fenghua Jindu Machinery Casting Co ltd
Current assignee: Ningbo Fenghua Jindu Machinery Casting Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-01-27
Filing date: 2021-01-27
Publication date: 2021-06-04

Abstract

The utility model relates to a digit control machine tool is used in axle type processing, including the frame, be used for the centre gripping by the rotatory fixture of processing axle, be used for the cover to locate by the fixed frame of processing axle periphery, set up in the tailstock by the tail end of processing axle, still including setting up in the lathe outside and being used for carrying out the unloading mechanism of unloading to being processed the axle, be provided with the drive tailstock in the frame and break away from the actuating mechanism by the axis direction of processing axle, unloading mechanism is including being used for the centre gripping to be kept away from the centre gripping subassembly of rotatory fixture one end by the processing axle, drive centre gripping subassembly along the drive assembly who is slided by processing axle axis direction and being used for accepting the baffle by the processing axle and along ejection of compact direction downward sloping, be provided with the speed reduction subassembly that is used for carrying out the. This application has the effect that the unloading is carried out to axle type machined part to the convenience.

Description

Numerical control machine tool for shaft machining

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of machining equipment, in particular to a numerical control machine tool for machining shafts.

Background

A numerical control machine tool is an apparatus for processing a workpiece by controlling a tool or the workpiece at a terminal.

Generally, a numerical control machine tool is used for processing various shaft workpieces, and the numerical control machine tool for processing the shaft workpieces generally comprises a rotary clamping mechanism for clamping one end of a processed shaft, a fixed frame sleeved on the outer periphery of the processed shaft to support the processed shaft, a tailstock arranged at one end of the processed shaft far away from the rotary clamping mechanism and used for reducing the play of the processed shaft, and a tool rest capable of sliding along the axial direction of the processed shaft, wherein the rotary clamping mechanism rotates to drive the processed shaft to rotate, and the processed shaft is processed by controlling the position and the feed amount of the tool rest.

But this digit control machine tool is comparatively inconvenient at the in-process of unloading, and it needs unpack the mount apart earlier, then breaks away from tailstock and processing axle, and modes such as rethread manual handling will be moved away from the digit control machine tool by the processing axle, and the step is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, and degree of automation is not high.

Disclosure of Invention

For the convenience carry out the unloading to axle type machined part, this application provides an axle type is digit control machine tool for processing.

The application provides a digit control machine tool for axle type processing adopts following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a digit control machine tool is used in axle type processing, includes the frame, is used for the centre gripping by the rotatory fixture of processing axle, is used for the cover to locate by the fixed frame of processing axle periphery, set up in the tailstock of the tail end of processing axle, still including setting up in the lathe outside and being used for carrying out the unloading mechanism of unloading to being processed the axle, be provided with the drive tailstock in the frame and break away from the actuating mechanism by the axis direction of processing axle, unloading mechanism is including being used for the centre gripping to be kept away from the centre gripping subassembly of rotatory fixture one end by the processing axle, drive centre gripping subassembly along the drive assembly who is slided by processing axle axis direction and being used for accepting by the processing axle and along the baffle of ejection of compact direction downward sloping, be provided with on the baffle and be used for carrying.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the unloading is carried out to the axle of being processed to needs, at first the action through actuating mechanism breaks away from the tailstock on the frame by the axial projection of being processed the axle, then under the combined action of centre gripping subassembly and actuating assembly, will be rotated the axle of being processed that clamping mechanism loosed and pull out the mount along the axis direction, will be processed the axle afterwards and place on the baffle, then roll from the baffle through the natural slope of baffle and fall to subaerial, accomplish the unloading of being processed the axle. The mode does not need manual intervention on blanking of the machined shaft, and can be realized in an automatic blanking mode, so that the labor cost is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.

Preferably, the tailstock comprises a sliding block, a top block, a first elastic part, a locking part and an opposite-top elastic part, wherein a base for the sliding block to be connected in a sliding mode is arranged on the rack, the locking part is used for locking the base and the sliding block, the first elastic part is arranged in the sliding block and drives the top block to always extend out of the sliding block, a through hole for a driving shaft of the driving mechanism to penetrate through is radially formed in the top block, a driving block penetrating through the through hole is fixedly arranged on the driving shaft of the driving mechanism, a guide surface for the driving block to abut against is arranged on the hole wall of the through hole, which faces one side of the first elastic part, and the driving shaft of the driving mechanism retracts to drive the top block to retract into the sliding block;

one side that just is located the sliding block on the base and keeps away from actuating mechanism is provided with the piece that blocks that supplies the sliding block butt, to pushing up the elastic component set up on the sliding block and with actuating mechanism's the coaxial setting of drive shaft and all the time with actuating mechanism's drive shaft butt, work as when block piece and sliding block break away from, to pushing up the elastic component all the time and have the trend that keeps returning to the original condition and force the kicking block to retract in the sliding block.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, this kind of setting makes the action at actuating mechanism not only can drive the sliding of sliding block, can also order about the sliding of kicking block on the sliding block through actuating mechanism's action, and then realizes the kicking block and by breaking away from each other of processing axle, can drive the whole axial projection that breaks away from by the processing axle of sliding seat through actuating mechanism's action afterwards.

Preferably, the locking member comprises a second elastic member and a locking piece, the locking piece is connected to the sliding block in a sliding manner, one end of the locking piece extends out of the sliding block towards the base, and the second elastic member forces the sliding block to always extend out of the sliding block;

the base is provided with a locking groove for the lock block to penetrate through, and when the sliding block penetrates through the locking groove, the ejector block and the shaft to be machined are coaxially arranged;

the locking piece is provided with a driving surface which faces the ejector block and is abutted by the ejector block, the driving surface is obliquely arranged relative to the ejector block, and when the ejector block retracts, the ejector block is abutted by the driving surface and forces the locking piece to retract.

By adopting the technical scheme, the driving mechanism not only can control the retraction of the ejection block or the movement of the sliding block, but also can control the retraction of the locking block. When actuating mechanism moved, can drive the retraction of kicking block and locking piece to when the locking piece breaks away from the locking groove, the sliding block just can take place to remove under actuating mechanism's effect, and then makes the kicking block just can remove with being processed the sliding block after the axle breaks away from.

Preferably, the speed reduction subassembly includes speed reduction spare and third elastic component, the baffle is provided with the spout that supplies the speed reduction spare to wear to establish and slide along its extending direction, the speed reduction spare slides and connects on the baffle just the speed reduction spare has and stretches out in the baffle surface and be used for hindering the riser that is processed the axle gliding, the speed reduction spare slides along the unloading direction of being processed the axle so that the riser constantly retracts to the baffle, the third elastic component forces the speed reduction spare has the trend of sliding along the opposite direction of the unloading direction of being processed the axle all the time.

Preferably, the reduction gear is still including connecting in the riser and to the diaphragm that the centre gripping subassembly extends, the bilateral symmetry of diaphragm is provided with two sets of guiding axles, the lower surface of baffle and the both sides that are located the spout all are provided with the guide holder that supplies the guiding axle to wear to establish and slide, the third elastic component is extension spring, the one end of third elastic component is fixed in on arbitrary guiding axle, the other end of third elastic component is fixed in on the guide holder.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when being processed the axle and gliding along the baffle, it can contact with the riser, and under the effect of the slant component of baffle, make speed reduction spare continue the gliding from the baffle together with being processed the axle, and then absorb partly energy through the third elastic component and consume the potential energy of being processed the axle, and when the riser did not sink into the baffle completely, the riser no longer has the effect that hinders by the processing axle, and then make and can continue normal gliding by the processing axle, and after the riser breaks away from completely with being processed the axle, speed reduction spare can realize restoring to the throne under the effect of third elastic component.

Preferably, the blanking mechanism further comprises a transition assembly for supporting the shaft to be machined clamped by the clamping assembly, and when the clamping assembly releases the shaft to be machined, the transition assembly is used for placing the shaft to be machined on the guide plate.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because the setting of centre gripping subassembly, be difficult to directly laminate with the baffle when being taken out from the frame by the processing axle, consequently will leave certain clearance, when centre gripping subassembly unclamp by the processing axle, will drop to the baffle on by the processing axle and cause certain impact. The arrangement mode can reduce the impact caused by the processed shaft and the guide plate and reduce the damage caused by collision of the processed shaft.

Preferably, the transition assembly comprises a plurality of first driving parts and a plurality of second driving parts, the first driving parts and the second driving parts are both arranged below the guide plate, and the second driving parts are positioned on one side of the first driving parts facing the blanking direction of the machined shaft;

the driving rods of the first driving piece and the second driving piece penetrate through the guide plate, supporting plates are arranged on the driving rods of the first driving piece and the second driving piece, the supporting plates are used for being abutted against the bottom of the machined shaft, and the distance between the supporting plates on the first driving piece and the second driving piece is smaller than the diameter of the machined shaft;

the first driving piece and the second driving piece synchronously act to move downwards along with the processed shaft so as to enable the processed shaft to be abutted to the upper surface of the guide plate and enable the supporting plate to be separated from the processed shaft.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the centre gripping subassembly passes through the layer board under drive assembly's effect, first driving piece and second driving piece can move so that the layer board supports by the processing axle, shares the power that the centre gripping subassembly received, only one section is fixed after also avoiding breaking away from with the mount. Meanwhile, the processed shaft can be abutted against the guide plate through the action of the first driving piece and the second driving piece, and the supporting plate is separated from the processed shaft to freely roll down.

Preferably, the middle part of the supporting plate is hinged to the driving rod of the second driving part, a penetrating groove for the supporting plate to penetrate is formed in the upper surface of the guide plate, the second driving part acts to enable the supporting plate to penetrate through the penetrating groove, and the upper surface of the supporting plate and the upper surface of the guide plate are coplanar.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the second driving piece moves, the layer board can at first contact each other with the bottom of wearing to establish the groove, and along with the actuating lever of second driving piece continues to move down, and the layer board can be because articulated and take place to rotate until wearing to establish the groove completely with the actuating lever of second driving piece, and this kind of mode of setting can be so that the upper surface of baffle has better continuity, can not lead to the fact the influence to the gliding by the processing axle.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the blanking of the machined shaft is not required to be intervened manually, and the automatic blanking can be realized, so that the labor cost is reduced, and the efficiency is improved;

2. the impact of the machined shaft in the blanking process is reduced, and the damage of the machined shaft caused by collision is reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a numerically controlled machine tool.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the tailstock and the driving mechanism.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view a-a of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of B-B in fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the blanking mechanism.

FIG. 6 is a side view of the guide plate, the speed reduction assembly, and the transition assembly.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a frame; 2. rotating the clamping mechanism; 3. a fixed mount; 4. a tailstock; 5. a drive mechanism; 6. a tool holder; 7. a blanking mechanism; 41. a sliding block; 42. a top block; 43. a base; 44. a first elastic member; 45. a locking member; 451. a second elastic member; 452. a locking block; 46. a locking groove; 453. a yielding groove; 454. a drive face; 47. an abutting surface; 48. a through hole; 51. a driving oil cylinder; 52. a fixed seat; 49. a drive block; 410. a guide surface; 411. an inclined surface; 412. a butting elastic piece; 413. a blocking block; 71. a clamping assembly; 72. a drive assembly; 73. a guide plate; 74. a transition component; 75. a speed reduction assembly; 721. a linear module; 722. a moving block; 741. a first driving member; 742. a second driving member; 743. a mounting frame; 744. a support plate; 745. a hinge plate; 731. a groove is arranged in a penetrating way; 751. a speed reducer; 752. a third elastic member; 732. a chute; 7511. a vertical plate; 7512. a transverse plate; 753. a guide shaft; 754. a guide seat; 755. a guide groove; 756. and (5) pulling the block.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-6.

The embodiment of the application discloses digit control machine tool is used in axle type processing. Referring to fig. 1, the numerical control machine tool includes a frame 1, a rotary clamping mechanism 2 disposed on the frame 1 and used for clamping one end of a processed shaft, a fixed frame 3 disposed on the frame 1 and used for sleeving the outer periphery of the processed shaft to fix the processed shaft, a tailstock 4 disposed on the frame 1 and disposed at the other end of the processed shaft, a driving mechanism 5 disposed on the frame 1, a tool rest 6 disposed on the frame 1 and used for sliding along the axial direction of the processed shaft, and a blanking mechanism 7 disposed outside the frame 1. The tailstock 4 makes the tailstock 4 depart from the projection of the axis direction of the shaft to be processed through a driving mechanism 5 arranged on the frame 1, so that the shaft to be processed can depart from the fixed frame 3 from one end far away from the rotary clamping mechanism 2 and enter a blanking mechanism 7 to realize blanking.

Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the tailstock 4 includes a sliding block 41 and a top block 42 slidably connected in the sliding block 41 and extending toward one side of the rotary clamping mechanism 2, a base 43 for slidably connecting the sliding block 41 is provided on the frame 1, and an extension direction of the base 43 (i.e., a sliding direction of the sliding block 41) is provided along a radial direction of the shaft to be processed, so that the base 43 can be separated from an axial projection of the shaft to be processed by sliding the tailstock 4 on the base 43. The connection mode of the base 43 and the sliding block 41 may be formed by matching the guide rail and the sliding block, or may be connected by other sliding matching modes, which is not described herein again.

The sliding block 41 is provided with a first elastic member 44 forcing the top block 42 to always have a tendency to extend out of the sliding block 41, wherein the first elastic member 44 is selected as a nitrogen spring in the present application and is fixed in the sliding block 41 by a bolt fixing manner. The sliding block 41 is also vertically provided with a locking member 45 for locking the base 43 and the sliding block 41 to slide relatively, the locking member 45 includes a second elastic member 451 and a locking block 452, the locking block 452 is connected to the sliding block 41 in a sliding manner in the vertical direction, and one end of the locking block 452 extends out of the sliding block 41 in a direction facing the base 43. The second elastic member 451 is disposed above the locking piece 452 to force the sliding block 41 to always extend downward from the sliding block 41. Wherein the second elastic member 451 is selected as a compression spring in the present embodiment.

Further, the base 43 is provided with a locking groove 46 for the locking block 452 to extend out of one end of the sliding block 41 to pass through, wherein it should be noted that, when the top block 42 and the processed shaft are in the same axial direction, the locking block 452 always passes through the locking groove 46 under the action of the second elastic element 451 to realize the relative fixation between the sliding block 41 and the base 43. Meanwhile, only one locking groove 46 is formed in the top block 42, and when the sliding block 41 slides to a state where the locking block 452 faces the locking groove 46, the locking block 452 penetrates into the locking groove 46 under the action of the second elastic member 451 to fix the sliding block 41 and the base 43 relatively.

The locking piece 452 is disposed between the first elastic element 44 and the top block 42, the locking piece 452 is provided with a yielding groove 453 for the driving end of the first elastic element 44 to penetrate through, the upper end face of the yielding groove 453 is provided with a driving surface 454 facing the top block 42 and for the top block 42 to abut against, the driving surface 454 is disposed obliquely relative to the top block 42, and correspondingly, the top block 42 is provided with an abutting surface 47 parallel to the driving surface 454. When the lock piece 452 is inserted into the lock groove 46, the driving surface 454 and the contact surface 47 are located on the same horizontal plane. Taking the direction as an example in the figure, when the top block 42 retracts and moves rightward, the driving surface 454 will contact with the contact surface 47, and as the top block 42 continues to retract, the lock block 452 will slide upward under the action of the oblique force component and retract, so that the second elastic member 451 is pressed and contracted until the lock block 452 and the locking groove 46 are disengaged from each other.

Referring to fig. 2 and 4, a through hole 48 for a driving shaft of the driving mechanism 5 to penetrate through is radially formed in the top block 42, the driving mechanism 5 includes a driving cylinder 51 arranged on one side of the sliding block 41 in the radial direction and a fixing seat 52 for fixing the driving cylinder 51, the driving shaft of the driving cylinder 51 is inserted into one side of the sliding block 41 facing the driving cylinder 51 and penetrates through the through hole 48 in the top block 42, a driving block 49 arranged in the through hole 48 is fixedly connected to an end surface of the driving shaft of the driving cylinder 51, a guide surface 410 for the driving block 49 to abut against is arranged on a hole wall of the through hole 48 facing the first elastic member 44, an inclined surface 411 opposite to the guide surface 410 is arranged on the driving block 49, and when the driving cylinder 51 retracts, the guide surface 410 and the inclined surface 411 abut against each other and further drive the top block 42 to retract into the sliding.

Further, the sliding block 41 is provided therein with an opposing elastic member 412 coaxially disposed with the driving shaft of the driving cylinder 51, the opposing elastic member 412 is selected as a nitrogen spring in this embodiment, and when the top block 42 retracts into the sliding block 41, the opposing elastic member 412 is in an original length state. Therefore, when the sliding block 41 is in a freely slidable state, the opposing elastic member 412 tends to return to its original length due to its own elastic force, and the opposing elastic member 42 is always retracted into the sliding block 41, and when the stroke of the sliding block 41 is blocked, the opposing elastic member 412 is compressed as the driving shaft of the driving cylinder 51 continues to eject, and the opposing elastic member 42 can be ejected under the action of the first elastic member 44, so that the lock block 452 and the opposing elastic member 42 are unlocked, and the lock block can be ejected under the action of the second elastic member 451.

Wherein, the base 43 and the side of the sliding block 41 away from the driving cylinder 51 are provided with a stop block 413 for abutting against the sliding block 41, when the stop block 413 abuts against the sliding block 41, the sliding block 41 can no longer move synchronously with the extension of the driving rod of the driving cylinder 51, and further the opposite-pushing elastic member 412 can be compressed under the action of the driving cylinder 51. However, it should be noted that the position of the stop block 413 does not affect the normal blanking of the machined shaft, and the position thereof can be specifically adjusted by the width of the sliding block 41.

It can be seen that when the driving cylinder 51 is at the maximum extension, the opposing elastic member 412 is in the compressed state, and at this time, the first elastic member 44 and the second elastic member 451 both drive the locking block 452 and the top block 42 to extend out of the sliding block 41. When the driving cylinder 51 retracts, the abutting elastic element 412 is gradually reset to the original length state, the top block 42 and the locking block 452 are gradually retracted into the sliding block 41 along with the movement of the driving block 49, until when the locking block 452 is disengaged from the locking groove 46, the sliding block 41 can synchronously move along with the retraction of the driving shaft of the driving cylinder 51, and the top block 42 and the locking block can be always kept retracted in the sliding block 41 under the action of the abutting elastic element 412. Meanwhile, when the driving shaft of the driving cylinder 51 extends, the top block 42 and the locking block 452 can always be kept retracted into the sliding block 41 due to the action of the top elastic member 412.

The sliding block 41 can be integrally assembled in a split splicing manner to facilitate installation of internal components such as the top block 42, and the specific implementation means is a common technical means of those skilled in the art, and is not described herein again.

Referring to fig. 5, the blanking mechanism 7 includes a clamping assembly 71 for clamping one end of the shaft to be processed away from the rotary clamping mechanism 2, a driving assembly 72 for driving the clamping assembly 71 to slide along the axial direction of the shaft to be processed, and a guide plate 73 for receiving the shaft to be processed and inclining downwards along the discharging direction, a transition assembly 74 for supporting the shaft to be processed clamped by the clamping assembly 71 is arranged on the guide plate 73 and below the clamping assembly 71, and a speed reduction assembly 75 for reducing the speed of the rolled shaft to be processed is arranged in the middle section of the guide plate 73.

The driving assembly 72 includes two linear modules 721 erected above the guide plate 73 and disposed oppositely, a moving block 722 for fixing the clamping assembly 71 is disposed between the two linear modules 721, moving ends of the two linear modules 721 are fixed on the moving block 722, and the linear modules 721 on two sides can drive the moving block 722 to slide reciprocally along an extending direction of the linear modules 721 under synchronous driving. The clamping assembly 71 is a three-jaw chuck in this embodiment, the linear module 721 is disposed along the axial extension direction of the machined shaft, and the three-jaw chuck and the machined shaft are always coaxially disposed.

Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the transition assembly 74 includes a plurality of first driving members 741 and second driving members 742, the first driving members 741 and the second driving members 742 are disposed below the guide plate 73, and a mounting frame 743 for fixing the first driving members 741 and the second driving members 742 is fixed below the guide plate 73. The second driver 742 is located on one side of the first driver 741 in the feeding direction of the shaft to be machined (the direction in which the shaft to be machined naturally rolls), and the driving rods of the first driver 741 and the second driver 742 extend through the guide plate 73 and above the guide plate 73. In this embodiment, the first driving member 741 and the second driving member 742 are both used as hydraulic cylinders, and the specific number of the first driving member 741 and the second driving member 742 can be adapted according to the actual weight of the machined shaft.

The driving rods of the first driving member 741 and the second driving member 742 are rotatably connected to a supporting plate 744, specifically, for example, the driving rod of the second driving member 742 is hinged to the middle of the supporting plate 744, and a hinge plate 745 for hinging with the driving rod of the second driving member 742 is disposed below the supporting plate 744. Two sets of through grooves 731 are formed in the upper surface of the guide plate 73, and the two sets of through grooves 731 are respectively used for the driving rods of the first driving member 741 and the second driving member 742 to penetrate through. The size of the through-groove 731 is matched with the size of the supporting plate 744, and the wall of the through-groove 731 and the two side walls of the supporting plate 744 gradually move away from each other from bottom to top, so that when the first driving member 741 and the second driving member 742 retract, the supporting plate 744 rotates under the obstruction of the guide plate 73 and covers the through-groove 731, and the upper surface of the supporting plate 744 and the upper surface of the guide plate 73 are coplanar.

When the driving rods of the first driving member 741 and the second driving member 742 are extended to the maximum length, the supporting plates 744 on the first driving member 741 and the second driving member 742 abut against the bottom of the shaft to be machined, so that the shaft to be machined is supported by the first driving member 741 and the second driving member 742. The bottom of the shaft to be machined refers to a portion of the lower semicircular arc surface facing the ground when the shaft to be machined is horizontally disposed. It should be noted that, in order to make the hinged support plate 744 lift the processed shaft, the distance between the support plate 744 on the first driving member 741 and the support plate 744 on the second driving member 742 needs to be smaller than the diameter of the processed shaft, so that the processed shaft can abut against the support plate 744 and be relatively fixed due to the gravity component of the processed shaft.

When the first driver 741 and the second driver 742 are simultaneously retracted, the shaft to be machined can be simultaneously moved downward and brought into contact with the guide plate 73. It should be noted that when the machined shaft contacts the guide plate 73, the contact point between the machined shaft and the guide plate 73 is located between the two sets of through grooves 731, and when the supporting plate 744 is separated from the machined shaft, the machined shaft can slide down freely under the action of gravity.

The speed reduction assembly 75 includes a speed reduction member 751 and a third elastic member 752, and the guide plate 73 is provided with a slide groove 732 through which the speed reduction member 751 passes and slides along an extension direction thereof. The speed reducer 751 is connected to the guide plate 73 in a sliding manner, the speed reducer 751 is provided with a vertical plate 7511 which extends out of the surface of the guide plate 73 and is used for preventing the processed shaft from sliding downwards, the speed reducer 751 slides along the blanking direction of the processed shaft so that the vertical plate 7511 is continuously retracted towards the guide plate 73, and the third elastic element 752 forces the speed reducer 751 to always slide along the direction opposite to the blanking direction of the processed shaft.

Specifically, the speed reducer 751 includes a vertical plate 7511 and a horizontal plate 7512 integrally connected to each other and vertically disposed to each other, one end of the horizontal plate 7512 is connected to the vertical plate 7511, and the other end extends toward the clamping unit 71 (i.e., the higher end of the guide plate 73). Two sets of guide shafts 753 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the transverse plate 7512, guide seats 754 for the guide shafts 753 to penetrate and slide are fixed on the lower surface of the guide plate 73 and located on two sides of the sliding groove 732, and guide grooves 755 for the guide shafts 753 to slide are arranged on the guide seats 754. The third elastic member 752 is an extension spring, a pull block 756 is fixed to the upper end of the guide base 754 facing the guide plate 73, one end of the extension spring is fixedly connected to the pull block 756, and one set of the guide shafts 753 extends outward and extends out of the guide base 754 and is connected to the other end of the extension spring.

Specifically, the inclined angle of the guide groove 755 relative to the ground is larger than the inclined angle of the guide plate 73 relative to the ground, so that the speed reducer 751 has a faster downward trend than the guide plate 73 in the downward sliding process, and the vertical plate 7511 is continuously retracted into the guide plate 73 in the downward sliding process of the speed reducer 751. The third elastic member 752 is provided so that the speed reducer 751 always tends to slide toward the higher side of the guide plate 73, and thus, the third elastic member 752 can absorb energy in the process of sliding the speed reducer 751 downward, as well as the ability of returning to the original state when the shaft to be machined is disengaged from the speed reducer 751, thereby buffering the downward sliding of the shaft to be machined.

It should be noted that the decelerating members 751 can be disposed on the guide plate 73 in a plurality, and they can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual length of the guide plate 73, which will not be described herein.

The implementation principle of the numerical control machine tool for shaft machining in the embodiment of the application is as follows: when the machined shaft needs to be blanked, the driving oil cylinder 51 retracts to drive the tailstock 4 to leave the axial projection of the machined shaft, then the linear module 721 acts to clamp one end of the machined shaft through the three-jaw chuck, and then the linear module 721 acts in the reverse direction to draw out the machined shaft. When the three-jaw chuck passes through the transition assembly 74, the first driving member 741 and the second driving member 742 synchronously act to hold the machined shaft by the support plate 744, then the first driving member 741 and the second driving member 742 synchronously retract to place the machined shaft on the guide plate 73, then the machined shaft freely slides down from the guide plate 73 along with gravity, and the machined shaft can slowly slide down from the guide plate 73 through the speed reduction of the speed reducing member 751.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an axle type is digit control machine tool for processing, includes frame (1), is used for the centre gripping by rotatory fixture (2) of processing axle, is used for the cover to locate by mount (3) of processing off-axial circumference, sets up in tailstock (4) of the tail end of being processed the axle, its characterized in that: still including setting up in the lathe outside and being used for carrying out unloading to being processed the axle unloading mechanism (7), be provided with drive tailstock (4) on frame (1) and break away from actuating mechanism (5) by the axis direction of processing the axle, unloading mechanism (7) are including being used for the centre gripping by centre gripping subassembly (71) of processing axle keeping away from rotatory fixture (2) one end, drive centre gripping subassembly (71) along by the drive assembly (72) that processing axle axis direction slided and be used for accepting by the processing axle and along baffle (73) of ejection of compact direction downward sloping, be provided with on baffle (73) and be used for carrying out speed reduction subassembly (75) that slow down to rolling off by the processing axle.

2. Numerical control machine for machining shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tailstock (4) comprises a sliding block (41), a top block (42), a first elastic piece (44), a locking piece (45) and a butting elastic piece (412), a base (43) for the sliding block (41) to be connected in a sliding mode is arranged on the rack (1), the locking piece (45) is used for locking the base (43) and the sliding block (41), the first elastic piece (44) is arranged in the sliding block (41) and drives the top block (42) to always extend out of the sliding block (41), a through hole (48) for a driving shaft of the driving mechanism (5) to penetrate through is radially formed in the top block (42), a driving block (49) penetrating through the through hole (48) is fixed on the driving shaft of the driving mechanism (5), and a guide surface (410) for the driving block (49) to abut against is arranged on the hole wall of one side, facing the first elastic piece (44), of the through hole (48), the driving shaft of the driving mechanism (5) retracts to drive the ejector block (42) to retract towards the inside of the sliding block (41);

one side that just is located skid (41) on base (43) and keeps away from actuating mechanism (5) is provided with blocks piece (413) that supply skid (41) butt, to top elastic component (412) set up on skid (41) and with the coaxial setting of the drive shaft of actuating mechanism (5) and all the time with the drive shaft butt of actuating mechanism (5), work as block piece (413) and when skid (41) break away from, to top elastic component (412) have all the time and keep the trend that resets to the original condition and force top piece (42) to retract to skid (41).

3. Numerically controlled machine tool for machining shafts according to claim 2, characterized in that: the locking piece (45) comprises a second elastic piece (451) and a locking piece (452), the locking piece (452) is connected to the sliding block (41) in a sliding mode, one end of the locking piece (452) extends out of the sliding block (41) towards the base (43), and the second elastic piece (451) forces the sliding block (41) to always extend out of the sliding block (41);

a locking groove (46) for a locking block (452) to penetrate through is formed in the base (43), and when the sliding block (41) penetrates through the locking groove (46), the top block (42) and the shaft to be machined are coaxially arranged;

the locking block (452) is provided with a driving surface (454) facing the top block (42) and abutted by the top block (42), the driving surface (454) is obliquely arranged relative to the top block (42), and when the top block (42) retracts, the top block (42) is abutted by the driving surface (454) and the locking block (452) is forced to retract.

4. Numerical control machine for machining shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: the speed reducing assembly (75) comprises a speed reducing part (751) and a third elastic part (752), a sliding groove (732) for the speed reducing part (751) to penetrate through and slide is arranged in the guide plate (73) along the extension direction of the guide plate, the speed reducing part (751) is connected to the guide plate (73) in a sliding mode, the speed reducing part (751) is provided with a vertical plate (7511) which extends out of the surface of the guide plate (73) and is used for blocking the processed shaft from sliding downwards, the speed reducing part (751) slides along the blanking direction of the processed shaft so that the vertical plate (7511) is continuously retracted towards the guide plate (73), and the third elastic part (752) forces the speed reducing part (751) to always slide along the direction opposite to the blanking direction of the processed shaft.

5. Numerical control machine for machining shafts according to claim 4, characterized in that: the speed reducer (751) further comprises a transverse plate (7512) connected to a vertical plate (7511) and extending towards the clamping assembly (71), two groups of guide shafts (753) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the transverse plate (7512), guide seats (754) for the guide shafts (753) to penetrate and slide are arranged on the lower surface of the guide plate (73) and on two sides of the sliding groove (732), the third elastic piece (752) is an extension spring, one end of the third elastic piece (752) is fixed on any guide shaft (753), and the other end of the third elastic piece (752) is fixed on the guide seats (754).

6. Numerical control machine for machining shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: the blanking mechanism (7) further comprises a transition assembly (74) used for supporting the shaft to be machined clamped by the clamping assembly (71), and when the clamping assembly (71) releases the shaft to be machined, the transition assembly (74) is used for placing the shaft to be machined on the guide plate (73).

7. Numerical control machine for machining shafts according to claim 6, characterized in that: the transition assembly (74) comprises a plurality of first driving pieces (741) and a plurality of second driving pieces (742), the first driving pieces (741) and the second driving pieces (742) are arranged below the guide plate (73), and the second driving pieces (742) are positioned on one side, facing the blanking direction of the machined shaft, of the first driving pieces (741);

the driving rods of the first driving piece (741) and the second driving piece (742) penetrate through the guide plate (73), the driving rods of the first driving piece (741) and the second driving piece (742) are provided with supporting plates (744), the supporting plates (744) are used for being abutted against the bottom of a shaft to be machined, and the distance between the supporting plates (744) on the first driving piece (741) and the supporting plates (744) on the second driving piece (742) is smaller than the diameter of the shaft to be machined;

the first driver (741) and the second driver (742) synchronously move together with the shaft to be machined downward to bring the shaft to be machined into contact with the upper surface of the guide plate (73) and to disengage the pallet (744) from the shaft to be machined.

8. Numerical control machine for machining shafts according to claim 7, characterized in that: the middle part of the supporting plate (744) is hinged to the driving rod of the second driving part (742), a penetrating groove (731) for the supporting plate (744) to penetrate is formed in the upper surface of the guide plate (73), the second driving part (742) acts to enable the supporting plate (744) to penetrate through the penetrating groove (731), and the upper surface of the supporting plate (744) and the upper surface of the guide plate (73) are coplanar.