CN112894089A - Method for manufacturing duplex-martensitic stainless steel through cable type welding wire CMT arc additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing duplex-martensitic stainless steel through cable type welding wire CMT arc additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
- B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a duplex-martensitic stainless steel by cable welding wire CMT arc additive manufacturing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of adopting a cold metal transition electric arc as a heat source, and performing single-pass layer-by-layer deposition forming on a 304 stainless steel base material by melting a cable type double-phase stainless steel welding wire; then, remanufacturing the dual-phase stainless steel component by using a cable type martensitic stainless steel welding wire to form the martensitic stainless steel component until the CMT additive manufacturing is completed to obtain the dual-phase martensitic stainless steel gradient component; the invention improves the manufacturing efficiency and the component performance of the existing additive manufacturing technology, and develops a new method and a new idea for constructing the gradient material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric arc additive manufacturing, in particular to a method for manufacturing dual-phase-martensitic stainless steel by cable welding wire CMT electric arc additive manufacturing.
Background
The cable type welding wire CMT electric arc additive manufacturing technology is multifunctional and has great potential development value. The technology is based on Cold Metal Transfer (CMT), unified control is applied, molten drop transfer and welding wire feeding are combined, no-splash welding is really realized, molten drop transfer is effectively controlled, welding heat input is reduced, and forming control of metal component electric arc additive manufacturing is realized. The cable welding wire is formed by winding a plurality of welding wires in the same diameter mode and is used as a raw material for additive manufacturing, so that the single wire melting and depositing efficiency and the metallurgical pollution problem are greatly improved, and the industrial productivity is improved. And the plurality of wound welding wires can be single-substance metal wires, alloy wires or flux-cored wires and the combination of the single-substance metal wires, the alloy wires or the flux-cored wires in various modes to form a multi-component cable type welding wire, thereby providing a new method and a new idea for preparing the functionally gradient material. Compared with other additive manufacturing technologies, the method can save raw materials and manufacture parts with various sizes and complex shapes; compared with the common preparation method of the functional gradient material, such as powder metallurgy and plasma spraying, the application of the method not only enhances the operability of equipment, but also improves the adjustability of material components and structures, and greatly expands the application fields and extreme working conditions of the method and manufactured parts, such as the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, nuclear power, ocean engineering and the like, and the extreme working conditions of the working environment, such as pressure, temperature, corrosivity and the like, which change along with the position. However, at present, the main additive manufacturing research focuses on the preparation of homogeneous materials and dissimilar metals with single wires, multiple wires and powder as raw materials, and reports on cable welding wire CMT arc additive manufacturing are few.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to improve the manufacturing efficiency and the component performance of the existing additive manufacturing technology, expand the new thought of constructing a gradient material, provide a method for manufacturing martensite-duplex stainless steel by using cable welding wire CMT electric arc additive, and obtain an additive test piece with good formability and mechanical performance, which reaches the actual use standard, has high utilization rate of the welding wire used for additive, obviously improves the manufacturing efficiency, and can realize wide application in the actual production.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:
a method for manufacturing a duplex-martensitic stainless steel by cable welding wire CMT arc additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing 304 stainless steel as a base material, polishing and cleaning the base material, and prefabricating cable type welding wires as additive materials according to requirements;
2) adopting a CMT welding technology, and forming a duplex stainless steel component by single-pass layer-by-layer deposition on a 304 stainless steel base material by melting a cable type duplex stainless steel welding wire 2Cr18 under a CMT mode according to a CMT stainless steel integrated control principle (changing the CMT wire feeding speed and correspondingly changing the welding current and voltage);
3) after the step 2) is finished, remanufacturing the duplex stainless steel component by using the cable type martensitic stainless steel welding wire 4Cr13 to form the martensitic stainless steel component;
4) after a semi-finished component is successfully manufactured by the CMT welding technology, a cross section sample of the component is intercepted, the microstructure of the sample is observed by an optical microscope, and the microhardness in the deposition direction is measured by a Vickers microhardness tester;
5) setting the test parameters of the step 4) as 200g load, keeping the time for 15s, cutting three tensile samples at each position in the semi-finished member, and performing all tensile tests on a universal tensile testing machine at room temperature at a displacement rate of 20 mm/min;
6) ensuring that the hardness of the duplex stainless steel component region is 319.2Hv-433.1Hv, the tensile strength is 1179.6 +/-14.8 MP, the strain is 12.05 +/-0.45%, the hardness of the martensitic stainless steel component region is 561.5Hv-737.8Hv, the tensile strength is 877.57 +/-7.4 MPa, and the strain is 7.41 +/-0.82%;
7) polishing and shaping the surface of the semi-finished component meeting the strength in the step 6) to obtain the dual-phase martensite stainless steel gradient component.
Further, the chemical components (wt%) of the cable type duplex stainless steel welding wire 2Cr18 are as follows: 0.215C, 0.91Si, 0.59Mn, 0.017P, 0.005S, 18.86Cr, 4.14Ni, 0.39Mo, 0.01 Cu; the cable type martensitic stainless steel welding wire 4Cr13 comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.423C, 0.48Si, 0.42Mn, 0.023P, 0.002S, 13.7Cr, 1.28Ni, 0.01 Mo.
Furthermore, the diameter of the cable type welding wire is 1.6mm, and the cable type welding wire is formed by encircling 6 solid welding wires with the same components and the diameter of 0.6mm by taking one welding wire as the center.
Further, the deposition height of the dual-phase martensitic stainless steel gradient component is 75mm, the deposition height of the dual-phase stainless steel component is 35mm, and the deposition height of the martensitic stainless steel component is 40 mm.
Further, the deposition process parameters for additive manufacturing in the CMT mode of step 2) are as follows: the wire feeding speed is 5.5-7.5m/min, the welding current is 113-168A, the welding voltage is 11.2-16.9V, the overall traveling speed of the welding gun is 0.5-0.7m/min, the gas flow is 15-25L/min, and the working distance from the welding gun to the component is 15 mm.
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a dual-phase martensitic stainless steel by adopting cable welding wire CMT electric arc additive manufacturing, a component with good performance is manufactured by efficient additive manufacturing, and a new idea and a new method are developed for constructing a novel gradient material. Provides effective process and theoretical basis for the popularization and the use of cable welding wire CMT arc additive manufacturing. The invention has the advantages that: 1. the cable welding wire CMT arc additive manufacturing technology can shorten the production period of stainless steel and other material parts, improve the utilization rate of materials and save the manufacturing cost. 2. The cable welding wire CMT electric arc additive manufacturing gradient component adopted by the invention has excellent mechanical property, and provides a feasible scheme for the development of a multi-component cable welding wire (the cable welding wire is made of one or more metal elementary wires or alloy wires or flux-cored wires) additive manufacturing new material (high-entropy alloy or gradient material) and material property and structure optimization (metal elements or compound trace elements). 3. The CMT arc additive manufacturing process is simple, convenient to operate and short in production period, and can optimize the production flow of the structural part to a great extent. 4. The method for manufacturing the component by the cable welding wire CMT arc additive provides a new idea and practice reference for other cable welding wire additive manufacturing modes (laser, electron beam, plasma arc and the like).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a stainless steel CMT additive manufactured component and specimen cut-out of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing hardness values measured on test specimens according to examples of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a graph of specimen tensile properties of CMT additive manufactured components compared to other material properties.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflicting with each other.
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying figures 1-3 and specific examples:
aiming at the current additive manufacturing research situation, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a martensite-duplex stainless steel by using cable welding wire CMT electric arc additive. The method adopts cold metal transition electric arc as a heat source, and single-pass layer-by-layer deposition forming is carried out on a 304 stainless steel base material by melting a cable type double-phase stainless steel welding wire; and then, remanufacturing the dual-phase stainless steel component by using a cable type martensitic stainless steel welding wire to form the martensitic stainless steel component until the CMT additive manufacturing is completed, thereby obtaining the dual-phase martensitic stainless steel gradient component.
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a dual-phase martensitic stainless steel through cable welding wire CMT electric arc additive manufacturing, which is characterized in that a CMT mode is selected on a 304 stainless steel base material based on a CMT technology, a CMT electric arc is used as a heat source, cable dual-phase martensitic stainless steel welding wires are sequentially melted, and a dual-phase martensitic stainless steel gradient component is manufactured through additive manufacturing.
In the technical scheme, the additive substrate is made of 304 stainless steel, and the cable type duplex stainless steel welding wire 2Cr18 comprises the following chemical components (wt%): 0.215C, 0.91Si, 0.59Mn, 0.017P, 0.005S, 18.86Cr, 4.14Ni, 0.39Mo, 0.01Cu, and the chemical components of the cable type martensitic stainless steel welding wire 4Cr13 (wt%): 0.423C, 0.48Si, 0.42Mn, 0.023P, 0.002S, 13.7Cr, 1.28Ni, 0.01 Mo.
In the technical scheme, the cable type welding wires are 1.6mm in diameter and are formed by encircling 6 solid welding wires with the same components and 0.6mm in diameter by taking one welding wire as a center.
In the technical scheme, a CMT stainless steel unified control program is adopted to perform additive manufacturing on the component in a CMT mode, wherein the deposition process parameters are as follows: the wire feeding speed is 5.5-7.5m/min, the welding current is 113-168A, the welding voltage is 11.2-16.9V, the overall traveling speed of the welding gun is 0.5-0.7m/min, the gas flow is 15-25L/min, and the working distance from the welding gun to the component is 15 mm.
The gradient component of the dual-phase martensitic stainless steel manufactured by adopting the CMT electric arc additive has hardness gradient, the hardness of the dual-phase stainless steel component region is 319.2Hv-433.1Hv, the tensile strength is 1179.6 +/-14.8 MP, the strain is 12.05 +/-0.45%, the hardness of the martensitic stainless steel component region is 561.5Hv-737.8Hv, the tensile strength is 877.57 +/-7.4 MPa, and the strain is 7.41 +/-0.82%. Transition regions with average 50-60 microns appear among the gradient components, the tensile strength of a vertical tensile sample among the gradient components is 1138.5 +/-10.5 MPa, the strain is 14.35 +/-0.85%, the tensile strength of a horizontal tensile sample is 937.5 +/-6.4 MPa, and the stress is 7.8 +/-0.3%, and in the process of stretching the vertical tensile sample, the fracture position of the tensile sample is far away from the transition regions and is located in the duplex stainless steel component region. Example 1: the test base material 304 stainless steel related by the invention has the specification of 250 multiplied by 150 multiplied by 10mm, and the cable type welding wire adopts a double-phase stainless steel welding wire 2Cr18 and a martensitic stainless steel welding wire. An additive manufacturing test was performed on a 304 stainless steel plate 10mm thick using a cold metal transition technology CMT model. The test equipment selected a CMT welder as a CMTAdvanced model 4000 welder from Fonus.
The method mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1: before the additive manufacturing test, the oxide film on the 304 stainless steel substrate is removed by a manual grinding machine until the metallic luster is exposed, oil stain and dirt on the substrate are cleaned by alcohol, the substrate is dried, and then the test is carried out.
Step 2: adopting a CMT mode, selecting a stainless steel program, setting CMT welding parameters, setting a welding current of 113A, a welding voltage of 11.2V, a wire feeding speed of 5.5m/min, a welding gun advancing speed of 0.6m/min and a gas flow of 25L/min, starting to manufacture a duplex stainless steel component by material increase on a 304 stainless steel base material, keeping the deposition height of 35mm for 5 minutes, and then depositing the martensitic stainless steel on the top layer of the duplex stainless steel component again, wherein the deposition height is 40 mm.
And step 3: after successful fabrication of the component, a cross-sectional sample of the component is taken and the microstructure of the sample is observed by optical microscopy. The microhardness in the deposition direction was measured with a Vickers microhardness tester with a test parameter of 200g load and a holding time of 15 s. And three tensile specimens were cut from each location in the member, the locations and sizes of the tensile specimens cut being as shown in fig. 1. All tensile tests were carried out on a universal tensile tester at room temperature with a displacement rate of 20 mm/min. The graph shows that: the hardness of the duplex stainless steel component region is 319.2Hv-433.1Hv, the tensile strength is 1179.6 +/-14.8 MP, the strain is 12.05 +/-0.45%, the hardness of the martensitic stainless steel component region is 561.5Hv-737.8Hv, the tensile strength is 877.57 +/-7.4 MPa, and the strain is 7.41 +/-0.82%. Transition regions with average 50-60 microns appear among the gradient components, the tensile strength of a vertical tensile sample among the gradient components is 1138.5 +/-10.5 MPa, the strain is 14.35 +/-0.85%, the tensile strength of a horizontal tensile sample is 937.5 +/-6.4 MPa, and the stress is 7.8 +/-0.3%, and in the process of stretching the vertical tensile sample, the fracture position of the tensile sample is far away from the transition regions and is located in the duplex stainless steel component region.
Compared with other additive manufacturing technologies, the method can save raw materials and manufacture parts with various sizes and complex shapes; compared with the common preparation method of the functional gradient material, such as powder metallurgy and plasma spraying, the application of the method not only enhances the operability of equipment, but also improves the adjustability of material components and structures, and greatly expands the application fields and extreme working conditions of the method and manufactured parts, such as the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, nuclear power, ocean engineering and the like, and the extreme working conditions of the working environment, such as pressure, temperature, corrosivity and the like, which change along with the position. However, at present, the main additive manufacturing research focuses on the preparation of homogeneous materials and dissimilar metals with single wires, multiple wires and powder as raw materials, and reports on cable welding wire CMT arc additive manufacturing are few.
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a dual-phase martensitic stainless steel by adopting cable welding wire CMT electric arc additive manufacturing, a component with good performance is manufactured by efficient additive manufacturing, and a new idea and a new method are developed for constructing a novel gradient material; an effective process and theoretical basis are provided for the popularization and the use of cable type welding wire CMT arc additive manufacturing; the invention has the advantages that: 1. the cable welding wire CMT arc additive manufacturing technology can shorten the production period of stainless steel and other material parts, improve the utilization rate of materials and save the manufacturing cost. 2. The cable welding wire CMT electric arc additive manufacturing gradient component adopted by the invention has excellent mechanical property, and provides a feasible scheme for the development of a multi-component cable welding wire (the cable welding wire is made of one or more metal elementary wires or alloy wires or flux-cored wires) additive manufacturing new material (high-entropy alloy or gradient material) and material property and structure optimization (metal elements or compound trace elements). 3. The CMT arc additive manufacturing process is simple, convenient to operate and short in production period, and can optimize the production flow of the structural part to a great extent. 4. The method for manufacturing the component by the cable welding wire CMT arc additive provides a new idea and practice reference for other cable welding wire additive manufacturing modes (laser, electron beam, plasma arc and the like).
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (5)
1. A method for manufacturing a duplex-martensitic stainless steel by cable welding wire CMT arc additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing 304 stainless steel as a base material, polishing and cleaning the base material, and prefabricating cable type welding wires as additive materials according to requirements;
2) adopting a CMT welding technology, and forming a duplex stainless steel component by single-pass layer-by-layer deposition on a 304 stainless steel base material by melting a cable type duplex stainless steel welding wire 2Cr18 under a CMT mode according to a CMT stainless steel integrated control principle (changing the CMT wire feeding speed and correspondingly changing the welding current and voltage);
3) after the step 2) is finished, remanufacturing the duplex stainless steel component by using the cable type martensitic stainless steel welding wire 4Cr13 to form the martensitic stainless steel component;
4) after a semi-finished component is successfully manufactured by the CMT welding technology, a cross section sample of the component is intercepted, the microstructure of the sample is observed by an optical microscope, and the microhardness in the deposition direction is measured by a Vickers microhardness tester;
5) setting the test parameters of the step 4) as 200g load, keeping the time for 15s, cutting three tensile samples at each position in the semi-finished member, and performing all tensile tests on a universal tensile testing machine at room temperature at a displacement rate of 20 mm/min;
6) ensuring that the hardness of the duplex stainless steel component region is 319.2Hv-433.1Hv, the tensile strength is 1179.6 +/-14.8 MP, the strain is 12.05 +/-0.45%, the hardness of the martensitic stainless steel component region is 561.5Hv-737.8Hv, the tensile strength is 877.57 +/-7.4 MPa, and the strain is 7.41 +/-0.82%;
7) polishing and shaping the surface of the semi-finished component meeting the strength in the step 6) to obtain the dual-phase martensite stainless steel gradient component.
2. The method for manufacturing the duplex-martensitic stainless steel by cable wire CMT arc additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the cable duplex stainless steel wire 2Cr18 has a chemical composition (wt%) of: 0.215C, 0.91Si, 0.59Mn, 0.017P, 0.005S, 18.86Cr, 4.14Ni, 0.39Mo, 0.01 Cu; the cable type martensitic stainless steel welding wire 4Cr13 comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.423C, 0.48Si, 0.42Mn, 0.023P, 0.002S, 13.7Cr, 1.28Ni, 0.01 Mo.
3. The method for manufacturing the duplex-martensitic stainless steel through the CMT arc additive manufacturing process of the cable wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cable wire has a diameter of 1.6mm and is formed by winding 6 solid welding wires with the same composition and a diameter of 0.6mm around one welding wire.
4. The method of cable wire CMT arc additive manufacturing of duplex-martensitic stainless steel of claim 1, wherein the duplex-martensitic stainless steel gradient component deposition height is 75mm, the duplex stainless steel component deposition height is 35mm, and the martensitic stainless steel component deposition height is 40 mm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the deposition process parameters for additive manufacturing in the CMT mode of step 2) are as follows: the wire feeding speed is 5.5-7.5m/min, the welding current is 113-168A, the welding voltage is 11.2-16.9V, the overall traveling speed of the welding gun is 0.5-0.7m/min, the gas flow is 15-25L/min, and the working distance from the welding gun to the component is 15 mm.
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| CN114101855A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-01 | 福州大学 | Electric arc additive manufacturing and testing method for duplex stainless steel |
| CN114101855B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-02-14 | 福州大学 | Electric arc additive manufacturing and testing method for duplex stainless steel |
| CN114990406A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-09-02 | 温州大学 | High-strength Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni high-entropy alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN115319108A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-11 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Method for manufacturing martensitic stainless steel based on electric arc additive manufacturing and martensitic stainless steel |
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