CN112893617B - Metal forming system and metal forming process thereof - Google Patents
Metal forming system and metal forming process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112893617B CN112893617B CN202110299110.2A CN202110299110A CN112893617B CN 112893617 B CN112893617 B CN 112893617B CN 202110299110 A CN202110299110 A CN 202110299110A CN 112893617 B CN112893617 B CN 112893617B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
- B21D31/005—Incremental shaping or bending, e.g. stepwise moving a shaping tool along the surface of the workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D43/00—Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices
- B21D43/003—Positioning devices
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metal forming system and a metal forming process thereof, which comprises power equipment, terminal equipment, forming equipment, clamping equipment and calibration equipment, wherein the clamping equipment can clamp a metal plate, the forming equipment can be assembled on the power equipment, the terminal equipment is provided with a path control program of the forming equipment, under the control of the path control program, the power equipment drives the forming equipment to carry out forming operation on the metal plate clamped in the clamping equipment, the calibration equipment can be used for assisting in the calibration of operation position coordinates, a milling machine is controlled by utilizing a computer numerical value to control a forming path of a tool, a layered manufacturing concept in a rapid prototype manufacturing technology is introduced to carry out layered incremental forming on the material plate, the complex three-dimensional appearance of a workpiece is decomposed into a series of local forming paths on two-dimensional layers, and the material plate is subjected to incremental forming step by step, and finally, the material sheet is formed into a required workpiece, so that the complex plate part can be manufactured with high efficiency, high precision and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal processing, in particular to a metal forming system and a metal forming process thereof.
Background
As is well known, metal plates are widely used in many fields of manufacturing industry, and especially used as main components of equipment structural members in machining and manufacturing, electronic equipment, automobile covering parts, aerospace and special equipment. However, the mold has a long design and manufacturing period, high cost, large tonnage of processing equipment and high energy consumption, so that the mold cannot meet the requirements of individuation, high efficiency and energy conservation in the modern manufacturing industry in the aspect of quickly responding to the requirements of specific parts. In order to quickly respond to market changes, meet requirements and achieve the purposes of saving cost and working hours, a brand-new sheet processing technology is needed to make up the limitations of traditional stamping, how to manufacture complex sheet parts with high efficiency, high precision and low cost is realized, and the problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field of metal sheet forming is actually solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, in view of the disadvantages in the related art, examples of the present invention are provided to substantially solve one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art, to substantially improve safety and reliability, and to effectively protect equipment.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the metal forming system comprises power equipment, terminal equipment, forming equipment, clamping equipment and calibration equipment, wherein the clamping equipment can clamp a metal plate, the forming equipment can be assembled on the power equipment, the terminal equipment is provided with a path control program of the forming equipment, under the control of the path control program, the power equipment drives the forming equipment to carry out forming operation on the metal plate clamped in the clamping equipment, and the calibration equipment can be used for assisting in calibrating the coordinates of an operation position.
Furthermore, the power equipment is a numerical control milling machine, a cutter shaft assembly is arranged on the numerical control milling machine, and the cutter shaft assembly can be assembled with the forming equipment.
Further, the clamping equipment comprises a base, the base is fixed on a working platform of the numerical control milling machine, the clamping equipment further comprises a pressing block, the pressing block and the base are assembled to clamp the metal plate, and indication scales are arranged on the surface of the base.
Further, former includes the mobile jib, and the one end and the arbor subassembly assembly of mobile jib, the other end of mobile jib are equipped with the hemisphere shaping head, and hemisphere shaping head diameter is 8.0 mm.
Further, the calibration device is an eccentric edge finder.
Further, the metal flitch is aluminum plate for the car, and aluminum plate for the car is through following processing: ultrasonically oscillating with ethanol for 180 seconds, then washing with distilled water, then soaking in 1.5M sodium hydroxide at 60 ℃ for 30 seconds, taking out, directly soaking in 1.5M nitric acid for 15 seconds, then washing with distilled water, and then air-drying; the cleaned aluminum plate was electropolished with a mixed solution of 20% perchloric acid and 80% ethanol by chronoamperometry to remove surface oxides and impurities.
The invention provides a metal forming system, which comprises power equipment, terminal equipment, forming equipment, clamping equipment and calibration equipment, wherein the clamping equipment can clamp a metal plate, the forming equipment can be assembled on the power equipment, the terminal equipment is provided with a path control program of the forming equipment, under the control of the path control program, the power equipment drives the forming equipment to carry out forming operation on the metal plate clamped in the clamping equipment, the calibration equipment can be used for assisting in calibrating operation position coordinates, a milling machine is controlled by utilizing a computer numerical value to control a forming path of a tool, a layered manufacturing concept in a rapid prototype manufacturing technology is introduced to carry out layered incremental forming on a material sheet, the complex three-dimensional shape of a workpiece is decomposed into a series of local forming paths of two-dimensional layers, the material sheet is subjected to incremental forming step by step, and finally the material sheet is formed into the required workpiece, the method can realize the manufacture of complex plate parts with high efficiency, high precision and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a clamping apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a base of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a briquette according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "long", "short", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationships in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the metal plate forming process, the die forming has the advantages of high production efficiency, high plasticity, high processing precision, suitability for mass production and the like, and has a leading position for many years. However, the disadvantages are that the time for designing and manufacturing the mold is long, the maintenance cost is high, a plurality of sets of molds are needed for molding one part, the elasticity is poor, and the mold needs to be redesigned and manufactured after the product is slightly changed. The invention discloses a metal forming system, relating to a processing technology of metal plate forming, which utilizes a computer numerical control milling machine to control a forming path of a tool, introduces a layered manufacturing concept in a rapid prototyping manufacturing technology, leads a material sheet to be layered and incremental formed, decomposes a complex three-dimensional appearance of a workpiece into a series of local forming paths of two-dimensional layers, carries out incremental forming on the material sheet step by step, and finally forms the material sheet into the required workpiece.
The metal forming system comprises power equipment, terminal equipment, forming equipment, clamping equipment and calibration equipment, wherein the clamping equipment can clamp a metal plate, the forming equipment can be assembled on the power equipment, a path control program of the forming equipment is arranged in the terminal equipment, the power equipment drives the forming equipment to carry out forming operation on the metal plate clamped in the clamping equipment under the control of the path control program, and the calibration equipment can be used for assisting in calibrating operation position coordinates.
The metal plate of the present invention is an aluminum plate for an automobile, and the aluminum plate for an automobile is treated as follows: ultrasonically oscillating with ethanol for 180 seconds, then washing with distilled water, then soaking in 1.5M sodium hydroxide at 60 ℃ for 30 seconds, taking out, directly soaking in 1.5M nitric acid for 15 seconds, then washing with distilled water, and then air-drying; and (2) performing electropolishing on the cleaned aluminum plate by using a mixed solution of 20% perchloric acid and 80% ethanol by using a chronoamperometric method to remove oxides and impurities on the surface, and after the treatment, ensuring the strength and the surface characteristics of the metal plate to be formed and facilitating subsequent processing treatment.
For the invention, the power equipment is a numerical control milling machine, and a cutter shaft assembly is arranged on the numerical control milling machine and can be assembled with the forming equipment.
For the invention, further, the clamping device comprises a base, the base is fixed on a working platform of the numerical control milling machine, the clamping device also comprises a pressing block, the pressing block is assembled with the base so as to clamp the metal plate, and the surface of the base is provided with indication scales.
For the invention, further, the forming device comprises a main rod, one end of the main rod is assembled with the cutter shaft assembly, and the other end of the main rod is provided with a hemispherical forming head, wherein the diameter of the hemispherical forming head is 8.0 mm.
For the present invention, further, the calibration device is an eccentric edge finder to ensure that the clamping device reference coordinates are centered.
It should be noted that, compared with other metal sheet forming, the traditional tool path definition of the single-point incremental forming is more complex because the numerical simulation of the single-point incremental forming defines X, Y tool paths on the material sheet and the three-axis Z direction tool paths in addition to the rotation of the tool itself, and for the NC data file generated by the computer software in the simulation process, the NC data file cannot be directly input into the computer aided analysis simulation software as the tool path, and the tool path must be defined according to the relationship between the position and time of the point in each single node, the relationship between the speed and time, and the relationship between the acceleration and time. The invention can convert the coordinates in each single section in the simulation processing process of computer manufacturing software into time and position to be used as metal forming numerical simulation data, uses control program software to design the size change of the metal sheet forming geometric shape, finds out the optimal cutter path in the shortest time, transfers the cutter path and the processing parameters into a numerical control milling machine for processing, uses a forming device with a hemispherical head to extrude material slices layer by layer along the appointed cutter path to generate plastic deformation to obtain the shape of a part.
The most direct contact with panel in the processing condition is hemisphere shaping head, and the panel receives the instrument tensile in the twinkling of an eye, and the panel bottom can slowly form the terminal semicircle spherical shape of instrument, and its instrument contact molding area belongs to small plastic deformation region with punching press, tensile machine-shaping comparison, and the panel receives instrument tensile, bending, and shearing interact at the shaping in-process, so can be different at the stress strain state of work piece geometric profile production, therefore machining precision and effect have more the guarantee. The hemisphere shaping head contacts the tablet along the progressive cutter route of helix and takes shape down slowly, adds man-hour as the instrument, and instrument and tensile tablet between detaining the reason receive crooked and shearing action, and the hemisphere shaping head produces crooked plastic deformation to the tablet, makes the whole slowly sinking of tablet, and along helix cutter route shaping, the hemisphere shaping head is used in the load of tablet and presents the change of law.
For the invention, further, the clamping device comprises a base, the base is fixed on a working platform of the numerical control milling machine, the clamping device also comprises a pressing block, the pressing block is assembled with the base so as to clamp the metal plate, and the surface of the base is provided with indication scales. The pressing block is used for positioning and fixing the metal plate during molding; the base is used for supporting the plate, the diameter of the opening of the base is the processing forming range, the hollow part is used as the processing depth of a workpiece, and the hemispherical forming head moves inwards from the outer edge of the plate along a preset control path and slowly deepens downwards to continuously perform local plastic deformation to gradually form a required shape.
In the operation process of the invention, cooling lubricating fluid is injected into the processing surface, and the purpose of the cooling lubricating fluid is to reduce the abrasion of the hemispherical head and reduce the forming temperature so as to obtain the optimal smooth surface.
The metal forming process comprises the following steps:
A) selecting a tool path NC program appointed in the terminal equipment, and transmitting the tool path NC program to a controller of the numerically controlled milling machine;
B) assembling the molding equipment and a cutter shaft component in the numerical control milling machine, extending the molding equipment out of the cutter shaft component by a specified length, preferably 75.0mm, and assembling the cutter shaft component and a main shaft of the numerical control milling machine; the cutter shaft assembly can accommodate a plurality of cutters (forming equipment), and the number of the forming equipment on the cutter shaft assembly is 01, so that the program can conveniently execute forming processing according to the cutter number;
C) cutting the metal raw material into a circular metal plate with the diameter of a specified size by using a cutting device, preferably 150.0mm, and marking a starting point mark at a specified position of the metal plate;
D) x-axis coordinate setting: using calibration equipment to set the tool at two end points in the X-axis direction of the inner diameter of the base of the clamping equipment, and inputting the result into an X-axis working coordinate system of the numerical control milling machine;
E) y-axis coordinate setting: using calibration equipment to set the tool at two end points in the Y-axis direction of the inner diameter of the base of the clamping equipment, and inputting the result into a Y-axis working coordinate system of the numerical control milling machine;
F) placing the metal plate on a base of the clamping equipment, and aligning the mark of the starting point of the metal plate with a '0' scale line of the indication scale on the coordinate; setting a half value of the difference value obtained by subtracting the outer diameters of the base and the metal plate on a vernier caliper, and then measuring and positioning by using the vernier caliper to enable the outer diameter of the metal plate to be equidistant to the base and ensure that the placement position of the metal plate and the base are positioned on the same reference coordinate axis;
G) z-axis coordinate setting: slowly moving a hemispherical forming head of the forming equipment to the position above a metal plate, transversely placing a cylindrical pin with the diameter of 10.0mm on the surface of the metal plate, and when the vertex of the hemispherical forming head touches the circumferential surface of the pin, taking the coordinate point plus 10.0mm as a Z-axis mechanical coordinate value, and obtaining the original point of the Z axis after completing length compensation;
H) before the operation of the numerical control milling machine, the original point is reset, the execution of a single section is selected, and before the machining, the correctness of the position of the lower cutting point is measured by using the vernier caliper again;
I) when the hemispherical forming head is contacted with the metal plate, a pressure nozzle is used for spraying a lubricating solution to the surface of the metal plate, and the metal plate is cooled;
J) pressing the start key of the numerical control milling machine, and executing single-point incremental forming processing on the metal plate by the forming equipment according to a spiral line progressive path and a clockwise mode until the program is finished.
In addition, the contents of the embodiments in the present specification are merely illustrations of implementation forms of the inventive concept, and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments, but also as equivalent technical means which can be conceived by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.
Claims (3)
1. The forming process of the aluminum plate for the automobile comprises the following steps of: ultrasonically oscillating with ethanol for 180 seconds, then washing with distilled water, then soaking in 1.5M sodium hydroxide at 60 ℃ for 30 seconds, taking out, directly soaking in 1.5M nitric acid for 15 seconds, then washing with distilled water, and then air-drying; electropolishing a cleaned aluminum plate for an automobile by using a mixed solution of 20% perchloric acid and 80% ethanol by using a chronoamperometric method to remove oxides and impurities on the surface; the forming process of the automobile aluminum plate is completed by a metal forming system, the metal forming system can convert coordinates in each single section in the simulation machining process of computer manufacturing software into time and positions, the time and the positions serve as metal forming numerical simulation data, and control program software is used for designing the forming geometric shape and size change of the automobile aluminum plate;
the metal forming system comprises power equipment, terminal equipment, forming equipment, clamping equipment and calibration equipment, wherein the clamping equipment can clamp the automobile aluminum plate in the clamping equipment, the forming equipment can be assembled on the power equipment, the terminal equipment is provided with a path control program of the forming equipment, under the control of the path control program, the power equipment drives the forming equipment to carry out forming operation on the automobile aluminum plate clamped in the clamping equipment, and the calibration equipment can be used for assisting in calibrating operation position coordinates; the power equipment is a numerical control milling machine, a cutter shaft assembly is arranged on the numerical control milling machine, and the cutter shaft assembly can be assembled with the forming equipment; the clamping equipment comprises a base, the base is fixed on a working platform of the numerical control milling machine, and the surface of the base is provided with indication scales; the calibration equipment is an eccentric edge finder;
the forming process of the aluminum plate for the automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A) selecting a tool path NC program appointed in the terminal equipment, and transmitting the tool path NC program to a controller of the numerically controlled milling machine;
B) assembling the molding equipment and a cutter shaft component in the numerical control milling machine, extending the molding equipment out of the cutter shaft component by a specified length, and assembling the cutter shaft component and a main shaft of the numerical control milling machine;
C) cutting the automobile aluminum plate raw material into a circular automobile aluminum plate with the diameter of a specified size by using cutting equipment, and marking an initial point mark at a specified position of the automobile aluminum plate;
D) x-axis coordinate setting: using calibration equipment to set the tool at two end points in the X-axis direction of the inner diameter of the base of the clamping equipment, and inputting the result into an X-axis working coordinate system of the numerical control milling machine;
E) y-axis coordinate setting: using calibration equipment to set the tool at two end points in the Y-axis direction of the inner diameter of the base of the clamping equipment, and inputting the result into a Y-axis working coordinate system of the numerical control milling machine;
F) placing the aluminum plate for the automobile on a base of the clamping equipment, so that the mark of the initial point of the aluminum plate for the automobile is aligned with the '0' scale line of the indication scale on the coordinate; setting a half value of the difference value between the outer diameters of the base and the aluminum plate for the automobile on a vernier caliper, and then measuring and positioning by using the vernier caliper to enable the outer diameter of the aluminum plate for the automobile to be equidistant to the base, so as to ensure that the placing position of the aluminum plate for the automobile and the base are positioned on the same reference coordinate axis;
G) z-axis coordinate setting: slowly moving a hemispherical forming head of the forming equipment to the position above an aluminum plate for an automobile, transversely arranging a cylindrical pin with the diameter of 10.0mm on the surface of the aluminum plate for the automobile, and when the vertex of the hemispherical forming head touches the circumferential surface of the pin, taking the coordinate point plus 10.0mm as a Z-axis mechanical coordinate value, and obtaining the original point of the Z axis after completing length compensation;
H) before the operation of the numerical control milling machine, the original point is reset, the execution of a single section is selected, and before the machining, the correctness of the position of the lower cutting point is measured by using the vernier caliper again;
I) when the hemispherical forming head is contacted with the automobile aluminum plate, spraying a lubricating solution to the surface of the automobile aluminum plate by using a pressure nozzle, and cooling the automobile aluminum plate;
J) pressing a start key of the numerical control milling machine, and executing single-point incremental forming processing on the automobile aluminum plate in a clockwise mode by the forming equipment according to a spiral line progressive path until the NC program is finished.
2. The forming process of the aluminum plate for the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clamping device further comprises a pressing block, and the pressing block is assembled with the base so as to clamp the aluminum plate for the automobile.
3. The forming process of the aluminum plate for the automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forming equipment comprises a main rod, one end of the main rod is assembled with the cutter shaft assembly, the other end of the main rod is provided with a hemispherical forming head, and the diameter of the hemispherical forming head is 8.0 mm.
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| CN202110299110.2A CN112893617B (en) | 2021-03-20 | 2021-03-20 | Metal forming system and metal forming process thereof |
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| CN114206520A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2022-03-18 | 菲戈机械工具公司 | Incremental sheet forming system with resilient tooling |
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