CN112890203B - 一种用于保持益生菌活性的添加剂、复合益生菌及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于保持益生菌活性的添加剂、复合益生菌及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112890203B CN112890203B CN202110262997.8A CN202110262997A CN112890203B CN 112890203 B CN112890203 B CN 112890203B CN 202110262997 A CN202110262997 A CN 202110262997A CN 112890203 B CN112890203 B CN 112890203B
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于保持益生菌活性的添加剂、复合益生菌及制备方法,其中,添加剂是将乳清蛋白、菊粉经过热处理、冷冻处理及冻干干燥处理得到。复合益生菌,由以下重量份数的原料制备:益生菌粉剂10~30份,如上所述的添加剂40~60份、水溶性膳食纤维10~50份。本发明提供的用于保持益生菌活性的添加剂,使得益生菌的活性在生产、运输过程中及产品保值期内都可以保持较佳活性。本发明提供的复合益生菌,在经过胃肠道时,聚合乳清蛋白‑菊粉冻干粉强大的吸附力将益生菌将益生菌粉包裹其中,可帮助益生菌抵抗胃酸和胆汁,通过模拟胃液及肠液耐受试验、模拟胆盐耐受试验表明益生菌能保持较高的活菌存活率,其活菌存活率可达到90%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品添加剂技术领域,具体涉及一种复合益生菌及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,人们越来越多地认识到益生菌在人体健康中具有关键性作用。益生菌一般被认为是食入后对宿主(如动物或人类)有正面效益的活性微生物,可以改善人体微生态平衡。随着益生菌应用领域日益广泛,应用于各种剂型的产品,诸如粉剂、颗粒剂、冲剂、胶囊、液体乳、饮料、片剂和口服液等等,而口服摄入则是目前补充益生菌最常用的方法。从生产包括菌种的筛选、生产环境、辅料选择、生产工艺、包装等、在货架待售、食用后经过胃酸、胆汁等极端环境到达肠道一这层层考验均会消耗益生菌的活性。因此,益生菌不仅必须在制造加工、包装和贮存条件中存活,而且必须在通过胃肠道并最终在肠道定点生殖存活,益生菌才能真正发挥作用。
在益生菌的生产销售过程中,一般分为两个环节,即上游企业(益生菌粉原料生产商)、下游企业(益生菌各种剂型生产商),而在这两个阶段均要最大化提高益生菌的活性,才能保证益生菌最终在消费者的肠道定植发挥作用。例如,(1)上游企业(益生菌粉原料生产商)可改善益生菌的培养条件、添加保护性化合物对益生菌进行包埋、优化冷冻和干燥条件等等来保护提高益生菌的活性。CN 106993813 B公开一种益生菌微胶囊的制备方法,包括:益生菌株的培养与活化,离心收集菌体,在菌体中加入复合冷冻干燥保护剂,通过采用甲基纤维素-低聚半乳糖接枝共聚物作为包埋壁材,增强了益生菌制剂在储藏运输过程中的稳定性,有效降低了胃酸、胆盐等对益生菌体的破坏,具有较强的耐酸耐胆盐能力,极大提高了益生菌株在小肠内的数量和活性。(2)下游企业(益生菌各种剂型生产商)则通常将益生元、膳食纤维、矿物质、维生素等物质与益生菌共同使用来实现促进益生菌的生长与活性。CN 104983746 A公开了一种复合益生菌及制备方法,该复合益生菌包含益生菌、益生元、膳食纤维、氨基酸以及维生素B,益生菌与益生元、膳食纤维等结合,相互促进,具有良好的协同作用。CN 102341113 A公开了包含益生菌和益生元组分、矿物盐、乳铁蛋白以及可能的酵母的组合物,所述组合物对所施用的益生菌组分能进行正确有效的定殖。CN104489646 A公开了一种果蔬益生菌片剂及其制备方法,以植物乳杆菌等益生菌粉剂为主要原料,科学复配改性膳食纤维、果蔬粉、低聚糖、植物提取物、蛋白粉、茶叶提取物、中草药提取物等,提高了对益生菌群具有真正意义的可溶性纤维素的含量,增强了纤维素的生理活性,进而在增加肠道益生菌菌群种类的同时,显著增强了内源和外源益生菌在人体肠道内的定植能力及定植时间。
益生菌的下游企业(益生菌各种剂型生产商)已无法从源头上对益生菌提高活性,一般通过改善加工工艺来减少益生菌失活,利用辅料提高益生菌经过上及下消化道输送时的存活率,但很少兼顾考虑添加剂在生产、运输过程中及产品保质期内对益生菌的保护作用,因至今还未发现有此作用的添加剂。因此,本发明提供了在本领域中存在保持益生菌活性的添加剂,该添加剂不仅在制造加工条件下、运输过程及产品保质期内能够帮助保持益生菌的活性,而且能够帮助益生菌在胃肠道中存活,从而向需要其的宿主递送能生存的益生菌物质。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种用于保持益生菌活性的添加剂,用于在生产、运输过程中及产品保质期内均能够很好的保持益生菌的处于较佳状态,提高益生菌的活性,增强其功能。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下的技术方案为:
用于保持益生菌活性的添加剂,其包括聚合乳清蛋白和菊粉的冻干粉,该冻干粉是将含乳清蛋白和菊粉的溶液经过热处理、冷冻处理及冻干干燥处理得到。
优选地,所述冻干粉由以下步骤制得:
S1-1:将乳清蛋白粉溶解于水中形成重量体积比为6%~15%的乳清蛋白溶液;将菊粉溶于水中形成重量体积比为20%的溶液;
S1-2:将步骤S1-1所得的乳清蛋白溶液于70~90℃搅拌加热10~20min,获得聚合乳清蛋白溶液,在热的聚合乳清蛋白溶液加入步骤S1-1所得的菊粉溶液,继续搅拌加热10~20min,然后冷却至室温,得弱凝胶;
S1-3:将所述弱凝胶放置于-25℃~-60℃下冷冻18~36h后经冷冻干燥、低温粉碎至粒度为0.1~0.5mm,即得聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉。
如上所述的添加剂,优选地,在步骤S1-2中,聚合乳清蛋白溶液中的乳清蛋白与菊粉溶液中菊粉的重量比为3~6:1。
一种复合益生菌,由以下重量份数的原料制备:
益生菌粉剂10~30份,如上所述的添加剂40~60份、水溶性膳食纤维 10~50份。
如上所述的复合益生菌,优选地,所述益生菌粉剂的益生菌的活性为3 ×1010CFU/g~1×1011CFU/g。
如上所述的复合益生菌,优选地,所述益生菌粉剂包括但不限于以下益生菌中的一种或多种:青春双歧杆菌、动物双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、卷曲乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种、德氏乳杆菌乳亚种、发酵乳杆菌、格氏乳杆菌、瑞士乳杆菌、约氏乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、清酒乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌等。
如上所述的复合益生菌,优选地,所述添加剂是将含乳清蛋白、菊粉的溶液经过热处理、冷冻处理及冻干干燥处理得到的聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉。
如上所述的复合益生菌,优选地,所述水溶性膳食纤维是低聚果糖、低聚异麦芽糖、低聚木糖、抗性糊精、水苏糖、低聚半乳糖、聚葡萄糖、阿拉伯聚糖、魔芋多糖、瓜尔胶中的一种或两种以上混合。
本发明提供的水溶性膳食纤维不仅作为益生元可提高益生元在肠道的生长及繁殖能力,增强益生菌菌群的种类和数量,改善肠道微生态环境;还用于增加复合益生菌冲调时的稠度,使复合益生菌更好地均匀分散于体系中。
优选地,聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉与益生菌粉剂的比例为2~4:1。
进一步,本发明还提供复合益生菌的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
S1:按照重量份数,称取益生菌粉剂10~30份,聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉30~60份、水溶性膳食纤维10~60份;
S2:将益生菌粉剂和聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉分两次混合,得到第一混合物料;
S3:将步骤S2得到的第一混合物料和水溶性膳食纤维混合均匀,无菌条件下包装。
其中,步骤S1~S3的生产加工过程环境温度控制在20℃左右,湿度控制在30%以下。
如上所述的添加剂的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
S1-1:将乳清蛋白粉溶解于水中形成重量体积比为6%~15%的乳清蛋白溶液;将菊粉溶于水中形成重量体积比为20%的溶液;
S1-2:将步骤S1-1所得的乳清蛋白溶液于70~90℃搅拌加热10~20min,获得聚合乳清蛋白溶液,在热的聚合乳清蛋白溶液加入步骤S1-1所得的菊粉溶液,继续搅拌加热10~20min,然后冷却至室温,得弱凝胶;
S1-3:将所述弱凝胶放置于-25℃~-60℃下冷冻18~36h后,经冷冻干燥、低温粉碎至粒度为0.1~0.5mm,即得聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉。
本发明提供的用于保持益生菌活性的添加剂,其制备过程是先将其制成弱凝胶,再利用蛋白冷冻变性的原理,使蛋白质之间呈现球状簇的结构,整个凝胶网络结构疏松多孔化。其疏松多孔的结构能给益生菌提供保护性着位点。乳清蛋白是经过热处理形成聚合体,削弱了蛋白的凝胶能力,减少蛋白质与蛋白质、蛋白质与菊粉之间的强交联作用,该方法得到的冻干粉水分散性较好,这方便了用于冲剂时的可冲调性和饮用时具有较佳的口感。其制备过程工艺条件主要是围绕得到分散性较好的疏松多孔结构,若蛋白质的浓度过高,凝胶网络强度过高,在冷冻变性环节不易得到疏松多孔的结构,其分散性也差。若得到的若凝胶不经冷冻变性,则结构孔隙较小较少,从而给益生菌提供保护的着位点少,保持益生菌活性的作用较弱。乳清蛋白与菊粉之间的组合和比例是通过的大量的实验进行确定,从而得到的冻干粉水分散性较好,冲调时使得复合益生菌是分散均一的状态,不沉底,从而方便了冲剂的可冲调性,粉感不明显从而获得较佳的口感。
相比现有技术,本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明提供的用于保持益生菌活性的添加剂,即聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉的凝胶网络结构类似于海绵体,其疏松多孔的凝胶网络结构和吸附力能为益生菌提供保护性着位点,使得益生菌的活性在生产、运输过程中及产品保值期内都可以保持较佳活性。在25℃的温度下密闭保存,放置12个月后按照常规方法检测活菌数并计算存活率为80%以上,其制备方法简单,不需要较高仪器可实现,成本低。
本发明提供的复合益生菌,在经过胃肠道时,聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉强大的吸附力将益生菌将益生菌粉包裹其中,可帮助益生菌抵抗胃酸和胆汁,通过模拟胃液及肠液耐受试验、模拟胆盐耐受试验表明益生菌能保持较高的活菌存活率,其活菌存活率可达到90%以上。
本发明的复合益生菌在制备中添加辅助的水溶性膳食纤维,能增加复合益生菌冲调时的稠度,使复合益生菌更好地均匀分散于体系中,且能和聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉一起促进益生菌在肠道内增殖生长,保证益生菌在肠道中的活菌量,增强保健功能。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于进一步说明本发明,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的前提下,对本发明所作的修饰或者替换,均属于本发明的范畴。
若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1
(1)本发明是经过的大量实验选择出来的乳清蛋白和菊粉的组合,其它的组合得到的冻干粉,在水中的分散性不好,或者部分分散性不好。冲调的时候,沉底不容易喝进去了,而且粉感会比较明显。下面具体说明复合益生菌的制备方法:制备聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉的添加剂:将乳清蛋白粉溶解于水中形成6%(w/v具体单位如按g/100mL×100%)的乳清蛋白溶液;将菊粉溶于水中形成20%(w/v,同上)的溶液。将乳清蛋白溶液于90℃搅拌加热20min 后,加热后的聚合乳清蛋白溶液在热的状态下加入适量的菊粉溶液,使得乳清蛋白与菊粉的比例为3:1,聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉溶液继续搅拌加热20min,然后冷却至室温,得弱凝胶。将弱凝胶放置于-25℃冷冻36h后经冷冻干燥、低温粉碎至粒度为0.5mm,即得聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉。
(2)按照重量份数,称取动物双歧杆菌粉30份(活菌含量为1× 1011CFU/g作为益生菌粉剂),聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉60份(分为两部分,每部分30份)、低聚果糖10份。
(3)将动物双歧杆菌粉30份和聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干30份混合均匀后,接着再与剩余的聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干30份混合均匀,得到第一混合物料;
(4)将步骤3得到的第一混合物料和低聚果糖混合均匀,无菌条件下包装。
其中,步骤(2)~(4)的生产加工过程环境温度控制在20℃左右,湿度控制在30%以下。
实施例2
(1)制备聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉:将乳清蛋白粉溶解于水中形成15% (w/v)的乳清蛋白溶液;将菊粉溶于水中形成20%(w/v)的溶液。将乳清蛋白溶液于70℃搅拌加热10min后,加热的聚合乳清蛋白溶液在热的状态下加入适量的菊粉溶液,使得乳清蛋白与菊粉的比例为6:1,聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉溶液继续搅拌加热10min,然后冷却至室温,得弱凝胶。将弱凝胶放置于-60℃冷冻18h后经冷冻干燥、低温粉碎至粒度为0.1mm,即得聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉。
(2)按照重量份数,称取长双歧杆菌菌粉5份(活菌含量为5× 1010CFU/g)、嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉5份(活菌含量为1×1011CFU/g)作为益生菌粉剂,聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉40份(分成两部分,一是10份,二是30 份)、低聚木糖10份、低聚异麦芽糖40份。
(3)将长双歧杆菌菌粉5份、嗜酸乳杆菌菌粉5份先和聚合乳清蛋白- 菊粉冻干粉10份混合均匀,接着再与剩余的聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉30份混合均匀,得到第一混合物料;
(4)将步骤3得到的第一混合物料和低聚木糖、低聚异麦芽糖混合均匀,无菌条件下包装。
其中,步骤2~4的生产加工过程环境温度控制在20℃左右,湿度控制在 30%以下。
实施例3
(1)制备聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉:将乳清蛋白粉溶解于水中形成10%(w/v)的乳清蛋白溶液;将菊粉溶于水中形成20%(w/v)的溶液。将乳清蛋白溶液于80℃搅拌加热15min后,加热的聚合乳清蛋白溶液在热的状态下加入适量的菊粉溶液,使得乳清蛋白与菊粉的比例为4:1,聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉溶液继续搅拌加热15min,然后冷却至室温,得弱凝胶。将弱凝胶放置于-40℃冷冻24h后经冷冻干燥、低温粉碎至粒度为0.3mm,即得聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉。
(2)按照重量份数,称取动物双岐杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌复合乳酸菌按比例1:1:2:2:4:5混合,共15份(活菌含量为8×1010CFU/g),聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉45份(分为两部分,一是15份,二是30份)、抗性糊精10份、水苏糖10份、聚葡萄糖10份、阿拉伯聚糖10份。
(3)将复合乳酸菌粉15份先和聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉15份混合均匀,接着再与剩余的聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉30份混合均匀,得到第一混合物料;
(4)将步骤3得到的第一混合物料和抗性糊精、水苏糖、聚葡萄糖、阿拉伯聚糖混合均匀,无菌条件下包装。
其中,步骤2~4的生产加工过程环境温度控制在20℃左右,湿度控制在30%以下。
对比例1
与实施例1不同的是聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉相应的量换成乳清蛋白冻干粉及菊粉冻干粉,成分与工艺相同。
对比例2
与实施例2不同的是聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉相应的量换成乳清蛋白冻干粉及菊粉冻干粉,成分与工艺相同。
对比例3
与实施例3不同的是聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉相应的量换成乳清蛋白冻干粉及菊粉冻干粉,成分与工艺相同。
益生菌活性检测
1.复合益生菌在25℃的温度下密闭保存,放置12个月后采用平板菌落计数法检测活菌数并计算存活率。
2.体外模拟胃肠道消化试验:精密称取1.000g样品,无菌操作下,置于 150mL锥形瓶中,加入20mL人工胃液,同时将瓶子放入恒温振荡摇床 37℃、90r/min培养1h。然后加入80mL人工肠液,37℃,120r/min继续培养2h。吸取1mL培养后的菌悬液于9mLPBS缓冲液中作系列稀释(此为10-3稀释度),根据样品大致活菌数含量,稀释到合适的浓度梯度,最后采用平板菌落计数法进行活菌计数。胃肠道耐受率(%)=胃肠模拟耐受之后的活菌总数/未经耐受的活菌总数×100。
人工胃液制备为:取稀盐酸16.4ml,加去离子水800ml,充分搅拌后,调节pH值至2.5,去离子水定容至1L,121℃高压灭菌15min后,冷却至室温,加入胃蛋白酶10g,混合使其充分溶解。
人工肠液制备为:取磷酸二氢钾6.8g,加去离子水500ml,充分搅拌溶解,用0.1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至6.8,去离子水定容至1L 121℃高压灭菌15min后,冷却至室温,加入胰蛋白酶10g,猪胆盐3g(0.3%),混合使其充分溶解。
表1 25℃的温度下贮藏12月后三种实施例与三种对比例益生菌的存活率
表2三种实施例与三种对比例益生菌的胃肠道耐受率
由表1、表2可知,本发明的复合益生菌能经制造加工、包装和贮存条件中后仍有高于80%的存活率,且通过模拟胃液及肠液耐受试验、模拟胆盐耐受试验表明益生菌能保持较高的活菌存活率,其活菌存活率可达到90%以上。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.用于保持益生菌活性的添加剂,其特征在于,其包括聚合乳清蛋白和菊粉的冻干粉,
所述冻干粉由以下步骤制得:
S1-1:将乳清蛋白粉溶解于水中形成重量体积比为6%~15%的乳清蛋白溶液;将菊粉溶于水中形成重量体积比为20%的溶液;
S1-2:将步骤S1-1所得的乳清蛋白溶液于70~90℃搅拌加热10~20min,获得聚合乳清蛋白溶液,在热的聚合乳清蛋白溶液加入步骤S1-1所得的菊粉溶液,继续搅拌加热10~20min,然后冷却至室温,得弱凝胶;
S1-3:将所述弱凝胶放置于-25℃~-60℃下冷冻18~36h后,经冷冻干燥、低温粉碎至粒度为0.1~0.5mm,即得聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉;
在步骤S1-2中,聚合乳清蛋白溶液中的乳清蛋白与菊粉溶液中菊粉的重量比为3~6:1。
2.一种复合益生菌,由以下重量份数的原料制备:益生菌粉剂10~30份,权利要求1所述的添加剂40~60份、水溶性膳食纤维10~50份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合益生菌,其特征在于,所述益生菌粉剂包括但不限于以下益生菌中的一种或多种:青春双歧杆菌、动物双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、卷曲乳杆菌、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种、德氏乳杆菌乳亚种、发酵乳杆菌、格氏乳杆菌、瑞士乳杆菌、约氏乳杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、清酒乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌。
4.根据权利要求2所述的复合益生菌,其特征在于,所述水溶性膳食纤维是低聚果糖、低聚异麦芽糖、低聚木糖、抗性糊精、水苏糖、低聚半乳糖、聚葡萄糖、阿拉伯聚糖、魔芋多糖、瓜尔胶中的一种或两种以上混合。
5.根据权利要求2所述的复合益生菌,其特征在于,添加剂与益生菌粉剂的比例为2~4:1。
6.权利要求2~4中任一项所述的复合益生菌的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:按照重量份数,称取益生菌粉剂、添加剂和水溶性膳食纤维;
S2:将益生菌粉剂和添加剂分两次混合,得到第一混合物料;
S3:将步骤S2得到的第一混合物料和水溶性膳食纤维混合均匀,无菌条件下包装。
7.根据权利要求6所述的复合益生菌的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1~S3的生产加工过程环境温度控制在20℃,湿度控制在30%以下。
8.权利要求1所述添加剂的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
S1-1:将乳清蛋白粉溶解于水中形成重量体积比为6%~15%的乳清蛋白溶液;将菊粉溶于水中形成重量体积比为20%的溶液;
S1-2:将步骤S1-1所得的乳清蛋白溶液于70~90℃搅拌加热10~20min,获得聚合乳清蛋白溶液,在热的聚合乳清蛋白溶液加入步骤S1-1所得的菊粉溶液,继续搅拌加热10~20min,然后冷却至室温,得弱凝胶;
S1-3:将所述弱凝胶放置于-25℃~-60℃下冷冻18~36h后,经冷冻干燥、低温粉碎至粒度为0.1~0.5mm,即得聚合乳清蛋白-菊粉冻干粉。
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