CN112886083A - Fire early warning method for lithium ion battery of energy storage system - Google Patents
Fire early warning method for lithium ion battery of energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010000369 Accident Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003331 infrared imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/3206—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/488—Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density
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- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20009—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a gaseous coolant in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20127—Natural convection
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fire early warning method for a lithium ion battery of an energy storage system, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. The early warning method adopts an energy storage system lithium ion battery fire early warning system, a plurality of lithium ion battery monomers can be arranged in a battery unit of an energy storage box body, an air flow channel is arranged outside the battery unit, heat in the energy storage box body can be prevented from being accumulated, each battery unit comprises a sensing optical fiber channel, so that the temperature and strain parameter changes of each lithium ion battery monomer are monitored by the sensing optical fibers, converted into electric signals through a photoelectric detector, collected by a data collector and transmitted to a computer for statistics, and real-time monitoring and early warning are carried out. The invention realizes the real-time display of the temperature and the strain of the single battery in the lithium ion battery module, and can conveniently and effectively carry out thermal runaway monitoring on the lithium ion battery system of the energy storage system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fire early warning method for a lithium ion battery of an energy storage system, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries.
Background
A large amount of lithium ion battery energy storage projects are deployed at home and abroad, along with the continuous deployment of energy storage power stations, the fire accidents of an energy storage system are more frequent, the fire accidents of the energy storage system of the lithium ion battery are mostly caused by the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery, and the lithium ion battery is used as a key component of the energy storage system and has great influence on the energy storage capacity, safety and economy of the whole energy storage system.
Although the thermal runaway process of lithium ion batteries is complex, its nature can be seen as due to miscorrection
Under the common use or unexpected circumstances, the caused instantaneous overheating expansion process in the limited space leads to the external appearance of thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery, such as temperature rise, shell deformation, smoke generation and the like, and the lithium ion battery energy storage system is generally fixed in a milder indoor environment, so that the battery damage caused by external force is not easy to occur, the external appearance of thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery is generally temperature rise, shell deformation, smoke generation and the like, and therefore, the monitoring of the temperature and the strain parameters of the lithium ion battery of the energy storage system in the use process is of great importance.
The optimal working temperature of the lithium ion battery is 10-35 ℃, the general working temperature is-20-45 ℃, the maximum bearing temperature is-40-60 ℃, the expansion rate is lower under the normal condition, the axial strain is about 4% (2.5mm) and can be ignored, and the axial strain caused by thermal runaway can be more obviously 10% (6.5 mm). The current monitoring techniques are as follows: thermocouple detection techniques, infrared thermal imaging techniques, and fiber optic sensing techniques.
The thermocouple detection technology is a contact temperature measurement technology, so that the temperature of a sampling point on the surface of a battery can be measured only by using a thermocouple monitor in a lithium ion battery energy storage system, the maximum temperature of the battery cannot be known, and the error of measuring the temperature of the battery occurs. In addition, the limited temperature data cannot reflect the overall temperature distribution characteristics of the battery, and the analysis and judgment of the safety of the lithium battery are directly influenced.
The infrared thermal imaging technology is a flexible automatic temperature measurement technology, but in an energy storage system, infrared imaging is a surface temperature measurement technology, and a lithium ion battery in the energy storage system is generally placed in a battery pack, so that the temperature distribution of all points on the surface of the battery is measured. When the temperature of the lithium ion battery is measured, the temperature of the lithium ion battery needs to be vertically aligned with the surface of the lithium ion battery pack, in any case, the angle should not exceed 30 degrees, and the distance from a radiation source to an optical system should not be too far, so that the application of the thermal imaging technology in the energy storage system has certain limitation.
At present, the lithium ion battery energy storage project is continuously promoted at home and abroad, so that the battery capacity and power of the lithium ion battery are continuously improved, a large number of lithium ion batteries in a lithium ion battery spring energy system are closely arranged in a space, when a single battery is out of control due to heat, the consequences caused by the single battery are immeasurable, and the safety in the lithium ion battery energy storage system is greatly improved by adopting the real-time monitoring of the temperature and the strain of the lithium ion battery energy storage system by adopting the distributed optical fiber sensing technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of safety monitoring in the lithium ion battery energy storage system in the prior art, the invention provides a fire early warning method for the lithium ion battery of the energy storage system, the fire early warning system for the lithium ion battery of the energy storage system is adopted, a plurality of lithium ion battery monomers can be arranged in a battery unit of an energy storage box body, an air flow channel is arranged outside the battery unit, can prevent the accumulation of heat in the energy storage box, each battery unit comprises a sensing optical fiber channel, the temperature and strain parameter changes of each lithium ion battery monomer are monitored by the sensing optical fiber, the Brillouin signal is distinguished from noise by the computer through a digital average algorithm, extraction of Brillouin scattering frequency shift quantity and intensity value is achieved, and temperature and strain of the surface of the lithium ion battery are obtained through a Brillouin scattering frequency quantity, intensity value and temperature strain relation.
A fire early warning method for a lithium ion battery of an energy storage system adopts the fire early warning system for the lithium ion battery of the energy storage system, the system comprises an energy storage component and an early warning system, the energy storage component comprises an energy storage box body 2 and the lithium ion battery, the early warning system comprises a laser 1, an optical isolator 3, an optical coupler 4, an AOM5, an optical fiber amplifier 6, a depolarizer 7, a first circulator 9, a second circulator FBG 8, an optical fiber Bragg grating 10, an optical fiber controller 11, an EOM12, a frequency sweep device 13, a photoelectric detector 14, a data collector 15 and a computer 16,
the laser 1 is sequentially connected with the optical isolator 3 and the optical coupler 4, the output end of the optical coupler 4 is respectively connected with the receiving end of the optical fiber controller 11 and the receiving end of the AOM5, the output end of the AOM5 is connected with the receiving end of the optical fiber amplifier 6, the output end of the optical fiber amplifier 6 is connected with the receiving end of the depolarizer 7, and the output end of the depolarizer 7 is connected with the receiving end of the second circulator 8;
a plurality of parallel battery units 24 are arranged in the energy storage box body 2 in a separated manner, lithium ion batteries are arranged in the battery units 24, sensing optical fibers 29 are arranged on the outer walls of the battery units 24, the output end of the second circulator 8 is connected with the light inlet of the sensing optical fibers 29 of the energy storage box body 2, the light outlet of the sensing optical fibers 29 is connected with the first receiving end of the first circulator 9, the first output end of the first circulator 9 is connected with the receiving end of the FBG10, the output end of the FBG10 is connected with the second receiving end of the first circulator 9, the second output end of the first circulator 9 is connected with the input end of the EOM12, the output end of the EOM12 is connected with the receiving end of the frequency scanner 13, the output end of the frequency scanner 13 is connected with the receiving end of the photoelectric detector 14, the output end of the photoelectric detector 14 is connected with the data collector 15, and the data collector 15 is connected with;
the early warning method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the laser emits laser light waves, the laser light waves are isolated from a reflection light source through an optical isolator and then coupled into two paths of light waves, namely light wave A and light wave B, through an optical coupler;
(2) the light wave A is modulated into pulse light by the AOM modulator, the pulse light is amplified to pump light power required by Brillouin scattering by the optical fiber amplifier, the pump light power is depolarized by the depolarizer to eliminate polarization loss of the optical fiber amplifier, the polarization direction of the light path is matched with the light passing through the EOM by the processing of the second circulator, then the pulse light enters the initial end of the sensing optical fiber of the energy storage box body, the light enters the first circulator through the output end of the sensing optical fiber to enable the polarization direction of the light path to be matched with the light passing through the EOM, the light is filtered by the fiber Bragg grating to filter FBG (fiber Bragg Grating) to enable sideband light with upward frequency to return to the first circulator as probe light and then is;
(3) the polarization direction of the light wave B is adjusted and controlled through the optical fiber controller, so that the polarization direction of the light wave B is consistent with the polarization direction of the optical signal adjusted by the first circulator, and the light is transmitted to the EOM;
(4) two paths of light of the light wave A and the light wave B are subjected to EOM frequency shift and then serve as two beams of continuous detection light with phase difference, the continuous detection light is output to a frequency sweep device through the EOM, the frequency sweep device performs continuous cyclic scanning on the continuous light, two groups of light wave cyclic signals are output to a photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector converts light signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to a data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit transmits the electric signal data to a computer, the computer distinguishes Brillouin signals from noise through a digital average algorithm to achieve extraction of Brillouin scattering frequency shift quantity and intensity value, and the temperature and strain of the surface of the lithium ion battery are obtained through a Brillouin scattering frequency quantity, intensity value and temperature strain relation.
Furthermore, the relationship between the Brillouin scattering frequency quantity, the intensity value and the temperature strain is shown as
vB(T0,ε)＝vB(T0,0)(1+4.48ε)
In the formula, vBIs Brillouin frequency shift, rho is the density of the medium, E is the Young's modulus of elasticity of the medium, epsilon is strain, T is temperature, where T is the strain0The initial temperature is generally 20 ℃, u is the Poisson's ratio, C is the speed of light, and n is the refractive index of the optical fiber material;
furthermore, the relationship among the Brillouin scattering frequency, the intensity value and the temperature strain is as follows
vB(T,0)＝vB(T0,0)(1+1.18×10-4ΔT)
ΔvB＝vB(T0,ε)-vB(T0,0)＝4.48vB(T0,0)ε
In the formula,. DELTA.vBThe change amount of Brillouin frequency shift is shown, and delta T is the change amount of temperature; the relationship between the Brillouin intensity and the temperature and strain is
PB(T)＝(2.04+0.007T)×10-9
PB(ε)＝(2.19-21.51ε)×10-9
In the formula, PB(T)、PB(epsilon) are the values of the brillouin scattering intensity at the corresponding fiber temperature T, respectively, strain being epsilon;
the relationship of Brillouin frequency shift, power and temperature strain is
vB＝vB0+CvTΔT+CvεΔε
PB＝PB0+CPTΔT+CPεΔε
In the formula, vB0、PB0Respectively representing Brillouin frequency shift and strength under the environment initial temperature and strain; Δ T and Δ ∈ are the amount of change in temperature and strain, respectively; cvT、CPT、Cvε、CPEpsilon is respectively Brillouin frequency shift, temperature of strength and strain coefficient;
the energy storage box body 2 comprises a plurality of rows of battery units 24, each row of battery units 24 comprises a plurality of rows of battery units 24, the same row of battery units 24 in adjacent rows are connected through transverse partition plates, the same row of battery units 24 in adjacent rows are connected through longitudinal partition plates, the transverse partition plates and the longitudinal partition plates are vertically arranged, each battery unit 24 is positioned at the joint of the transverse partition plates and the longitudinal partition plates, hollow cavities formed by the battery units 24, the transverse partition plates and the longitudinal partition plates are air flow channels 23, the top wall 22 of the energy storage box body 2 is provided with a plurality of sensing optical fiber inlets 25, the bottom wall of the energy storage box body 2 is provided with a plurality of sensing optical fiber outlets 26, and the sensing optical fiber inlets 25 are opposite to the sensing optical fiber outlets 26 and are positioned on the outer;
further, the battery unit 24 is a cylindrical hollow structure;
furthermore, the sensing optical fiber inlet 25 and the sensing optical fiber outlet 26 are both funnel-shaped structures, the tail ends of the sensing optical fiber inlet 25 and the sensing optical fiber outlet 26 are both fixedly provided with a hollow convex body 27, the bottom end of the hollow convex body 27 is provided with a semi-annular tube 28, the semi-annular tube 28 is a sensing optical fiber channel, the sensing optical fiber channel is arranged on the outer wall of the battery unit 24, and a sensing optical fiber 29 is arranged in the sensing optical fiber channel;
the early warning system also comprises a display 17, a controller 18, a fire alarm telephone terminal 19, a buzzer 20 and an alarm lamp 21, wherein the display 17 and the controller 18 are connected with the computer 16, and the fire alarm telephone terminal 19, the buzzer 20 and the alarm lamp 21 are connected with the controller 18;
preferably, the laser 1 is a 1550nm narrow linewidth semiconductor laser; when the temperature and the strain on the surface of the lithium ion battery change, the incident light signal coming from the receiving port in the sensing optical fiber changes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the fire early warning system for the lithium ion battery of the energy storage system, the phenomenon that incident light signals coming from the receiving port in the sensing optical fiber are changed due to the fact that the surface temperature and strain of the lithium ion battery are changed is utilized, real-time display of the temperature and strain of a single battery in a lithium ion battery module can be achieved, and different colors of data in different temperature and strain intervals can be further distinguished, so that the sensitivity of personnel to the data is improved;
(2) a plurality of lithium ion battery monomers can be arranged in a battery unit of an energy storage box body, an air flow channel is arranged outside the battery unit, heat in the energy storage box body can be prevented from being accumulated, each battery unit comprises a sensing optical fiber channel, so that the temperature and strain parameter changes of each lithium ion battery monomer are monitored by the sensing optical fiber, converted into electric signals through a photoelectric detector, collected by a data collector and transmitted to a computer for statistics, and real-time monitoring and early warning are carried out;
(3) the invention realizes the real-time display of the temperature and the strain of the single battery in the lithium ion battery module, and can conveniently and effectively carry out thermal runaway monitoring on the lithium ion battery system of the energy storage system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lithium ion battery fire early warning system of an energy storage system;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an energy storage tank;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the energy storage tank;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a single battery unit in the energy storage box;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the first circulator to the fiber Bragg grating FBG;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the warning judgment in embodiment 3;
in the figure, 1-laser, 2-energy storage box, 3-optical isolator, 4-optical coupler, 5-AOM, 6-optical fiber amplifier, 7-depolarizer, 8-second circulator, 9-first circulator, 10-fiber Bragg grating FBG, 11-optical fiber controller, 12-EOM, 13-frequency scanner, 14-photoelectric detector, 15-data collector, 16-computer, 17-display, 18-controller, 19-fire alarm telephone terminal, 20-buzzer, 21-alarm lamp, 22-top wall, 23-air flow channel, 24-battery unit, 25-sensing optical fiber inlet, 26-sensing optical fiber outlet, 27-hollow convex body, 28-sensing optical fiber channel, 29-sensing fiber.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the description.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-3 and 5, an energy storage system lithium ion battery fire early warning system comprises an energy storage component and an early warning system, wherein the energy storage component comprises an energy storage box 2 and a lithium ion battery, the early warning system comprises a laser 1, an optical isolator 3, an optical coupler 4, an AOM5, an optical fiber amplifier 6, a depolarizer 7, a first circulator 9, a second circulator 8, an FBG10, an optical fiber controller 11, an EOM12, a frequency scanner 13, a photoelectric detector 14, a data collector 15 and a computer 16,
the laser 1 is sequentially connected with the optical isolator 3 and the optical coupler 4, the output end of the optical coupler 4 is respectively connected with the receiving end of the optical fiber controller 11 and the receiving end of the AOM5, the output end of the AOM5 is connected with the receiving end of the optical fiber amplifier 6, the output end of the optical fiber amplifier 6 is connected with the receiving end of the depolarizer 7, and the output end of the depolarizer 7 is connected with the receiving end of the second circulator 8;
a plurality of parallel battery units 24 are arranged in the energy storage box body 2 in a separated manner, lithium ion batteries are arranged in the battery units 24, sensing optical fibers 29 are arranged on the outer walls of the battery units 24, the output end of the second circulator 8 is connected with the light inlet of the sensing optical fibers 29 of the energy storage box body 2, the light outlet of the sensing optical fibers 29 is connected with the first receiving end of the first circulator 9, the first output end of the first circulator 9 is connected with the receiving end of the FBG10, the output end of the FBG10 is connected with the second receiving end of the first circulator 9, the second output end of the first circulator 9 is connected with the input end of the EOM12, the output end of the EOM12 is connected with the receiving end of the frequency scanner 13, the output end of the frequency scanner 13 is connected with the receiving end of the photoelectric detector 14, the output end of the photoelectric detector 14 is connected with the data collector 15, and the data collector 15 is connected with;
as shown in fig. 4, the energy storage box 2 includes a plurality of rows of battery units 24, each row of battery units 24 includes a plurality of rows of battery units 24, the same row of battery units 24 in adjacent rows are connected by a transverse partition plate, the same row of battery units 24 in adjacent rows are connected by a longitudinal partition plate, the transverse partition plate is perpendicular to the longitudinal partition plate, each battery unit 24 is located at the junction of the transverse partition plate and the longitudinal partition plate, hollow cavities formed by the battery units 24, the transverse partition plates and the longitudinal partition plate are air flow channels 23, the top wall 22 of the energy storage box 2 is provided with a plurality of sensing optical fiber inlets 25, the bottom wall of the energy storage box 2 is provided with a plurality of sensing optical fiber outlets 26, and the sensing optical fiber inlets 25 are opposite to the sensing optical fiber outlets 26 and located on the outer;
the laser adopts a 1550nm power laser;
the early warning method based on the energy storage system lithium ion battery fire early warning system specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the laser emits laser light waves, the laser light waves are isolated from a reflection light source through an optical isolator and then coupled into two paths of light waves, namely light wave A and light wave B, through an optical coupler;
(2) the light wave A is modulated into pulse light by the AOM modulator, the pulse light is amplified to pump light power required by Brillouin scattering by the optical fiber amplifier, the pump light power is depolarized by the depolarizer to eliminate polarization loss of the optical fiber amplifier, the polarization direction of the light path is matched with the light passing through the EOM by the processing of the second circulator, then the pulse light enters the initial end of the sensing optical fiber of the energy storage box body, the light enters the first circulator through the output end of the sensing optical fiber to enable the polarization direction of the light path to be matched with the light passing through the EOM, the light is filtered by the fiber Bragg grating to filter FBG (fiber Bragg Grating) to enable sideband light with upward frequency to return to the first circulator as probe light and then is;
(3) the polarization direction of the light wave B is adjusted and controlled through the optical fiber controller, so that the polarization direction of the light wave B is consistent with the polarization direction of the optical signal adjusted by the first circulator, and the light is transmitted to the EOM;
(4) two paths of light of the light wave A and the light wave B are subjected to EOM frequency shift and then serve as two beams of continuous detection light with phase difference, the continuous detection light is output to a frequency sweep device through the EOM, the frequency sweep device performs continuous cyclic scanning on the continuous light, two groups of light wave cyclic signals are output to a photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector converts light signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to a data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit transmits the electric signal data to a computer, the computer distinguishes Brillouin signals from noise through a digital average algorithm, and extraction of Brillouin scattering frequency shift quantity and intensity value is achieved:
A(1)＝x(1)
……
the data obtained from each cycle is the single data after the data signal is superposed and averaged with the data signal of the last time, i.e. the data obtained from each cycle is the single data after the superposition and averaging
Obtaining the temperature and the strain of the surface of the lithium ion battery by using the relationship among the Brillouin scattering frequency, the intensity value and the temperature strain
vB(T0,ε)＝vB(T0,0)(1+4.48ε)
vBIs Brillouin frequency shift, rho is the density of the medium, E is the Young's modulus of elasticity of the medium, epsilon is strain, T is temperature, where T is the strain0The initial temperature is generally 20 ℃, u is the Poisson's ratio, C is the speed of light, and n is the refractive index of the optical fiber material; due to the strain epsilon in the fiber being of the order of 10-3Therefore, the above equation is simplified as:
vB(T,0)＝vB(T0,0)(1+1.18×10-4ΔT)
ΔvB＝vB(T0,ε)-vB(T0,0)＝4.48vB(T0,0)ε
in the formula,. DELTA.vBThe change amount of Brillouin frequency shift is shown, and delta T is the change amount of temperature;
the relationship between brillouin intensity, temperature and strain is shown as follows:
PB(T)＝(2.04+0.007T)×10-9
PB(ε)＝(2.19-21.51ε)×10-9
in the formula, PB(T)、PB(epsilon) are the values of the brillouin scattering intensity at the corresponding fiber temperature T, respectively, strain being epsilon;
finally, obtaining a relation model of Brillouin frequency shift, power and temperature strain:
vB＝vB0+CvTΔT+CvεΔε
PB＝PB0+CPTΔT+CPεΔε
wherein v isB0、PB0Respectively representing Brillouin frequency shift and strength under the environment initial temperature and strain; Δ T and Δ ∈ are the amount of change in temperature and strain, respectively; cvT、CPT、Cvε、CPEpsilon is the temperature and strain coefficient of Brillouin frequency shift, strength, respectively.
Example 2: the lithium ion battery fire early warning system of the energy storage system of the embodiment is basically consistent with the lithium ion battery fire early warning system of the energy storage system of the embodiment 1 in structure, and the difference is that: the battery unit 24 is a cylindrical hollow structure;
the sensing optical fiber inlet 25 and the sensing optical fiber outlet 26 are both of a funnel-shaped structure, the tail ends of the sensing optical fiber inlet 25 and the sensing optical fiber outlet 26 are both fixedly provided with a hollow convex body 27, the bottom end of the hollow convex body 27 is provided with a semi-annular pipe 28, the semi-annular pipe 28 is a sensing optical fiber channel, the sensing optical fiber channel is arranged on the outer wall of the battery unit 24, and a sensing optical fiber 29 is arranged in the sensing optical fiber channel; each sensing optical fiber channel is tightly attached to the lithium ion battery monomer in the corresponding battery unit, and the sensing optical fibers are fixed.
Example 3: the lithium ion battery fire early warning system of the energy storage system of the embodiment is basically consistent with the lithium ion battery fire early warning system of the energy storage system of the embodiment 2 in structure, and the difference is that: the early warning system also comprises a display 17, a controller 18, a fire alarm telephone terminal 19, a buzzer 20 and an alarm lamp 21, wherein the display 17 and the controller 18 are connected with the computer 16, and the fire alarm telephone terminal 19, the buzzer 20 and the alarm lamp 21 are connected with the controller 18;
when the temperature data of the lithium ion battery is higher than 60 ℃ or the axial strain is higher than 4% (2.5mm), a yellow lamp of the alarm system flickers, a buzzer works (sounds off), field responsible personnel are prompted to monitor that the temperature and the strain of the battery body of the energy storage system are in a harmful working environment of the lithium ion battery, and the probability of thermal runaway is high; when the temperature data of the lithium ion battery is higher than 100 ℃ or the axial strain reaches 10% (6.5mm), the red light of the alarm system flickers, the buzzer buzzes continuously, and the field responsible personnel are prompted to monitor that the temperature and the strain of the battery body of the energy storage system are in the stage of the lithium ion battery thermal runaway to be developed, so that the high fire risk is realized; when the temperature data of the lithium ion battery is more than 139 ℃, the alarm starts to call a fire alarm telephone, and the fire is informed to the fire control, as shown in fig. 6.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A fire early warning method for a lithium ion battery of an energy storage system is characterized by comprising the following steps: an energy storage system lithium ion battery fire early warning system is adopted, the system comprises an energy storage component and an early warning system, the energy storage component comprises an energy storage box body (2) and a lithium ion battery, the early warning system comprises a laser (1), an optical isolator (3), an optical coupler (4), an AOM (5), an optical fiber amplifier (6), a depolarizer (7), a first circulator (9), a second circulator (8), an optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) (fiber Bragg grating) 10, an optical fiber controller (11), an EOM (12), a frequency sweep device (13), a photoelectric detector (14), a data collector (15) and a computer (16),
the laser (1) is sequentially connected with the optical isolator (3) and the optical coupler (4), the output end of the optical coupler (4) is respectively connected with the receiving end of the optical fiber controller (11) and the receiving end of the AOM (5), the output end of the AOM (5) is connected with the receiving end of the optical fiber amplifier (6), the output end of the optical fiber amplifier (6) is connected with the receiving end of the depolarizer (7), and the output end of the depolarizer (7) is connected with the receiving end of the second circulator (8);
a plurality of parallel battery units (24) are arranged in the energy storage box body (2) at intervals, lithium ion batteries are arranged in the battery units (24), sensing optical fibers (29) are arranged on the outer walls of the battery units (24), the output end of the second circulator (8) is connected with the light inlet of the sensing optical fibers (29) of the energy storage box body (2), the light outlet of the sensing optical fibers (29) is connected with the first receiving end of the first circulator (9), the first output end of the first circulator (9) is connected with the receiving end of the fiber Bragg grating FBG (10), the output end of the fiber Bragg grating FBG (10) is connected with the second receiving end of the first circulator (9), the second output end of the first circulator (9) is connected with the input end of the EOM (12), the output end of the EOM (12) is connected with the receiving end of the frequency sweep device (13), the output end of the frequency sweep device (13) is connected with the receiving end of the photoelectric detector (14), the output end of the photoelectric detector (14) is connected with a data acquisition unit (15), and the data acquisition unit (15) is connected with a computer (16);
the early warning method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the laser emits laser light waves, the laser light waves are isolated from a reflection light source through an optical isolator and then coupled into two paths of light waves, namely light wave A and light wave B, through an optical coupler;
(2) the light wave A is modulated into pulse light by the AOM modulator, the pulse light is amplified to pump light power required by Brillouin scattering by the optical fiber amplifier, the pump light power is depolarized by the depolarizer to eliminate polarization loss of the optical fiber amplifier, the polarization direction of the light path is matched with the light passing through the EOM by the processing of the second circulator, then the pulse light enters the initial end of the sensing optical fiber of the energy storage box body, the light enters the first circulator through the output end of the sensing optical fiber to enable the polarization direction of the light path to be matched with the light passing through the EOM, the light is filtered by the fiber Bragg grating to filter FBG (fiber Bragg Grating) to enable sideband light with upward frequency to return to the first circulator as probe light and then is;
(3) the polarization direction of the light wave B is adjusted and controlled through the optical fiber controller, so that the polarization direction of the light wave B is consistent with the polarization direction of the optical signal adjusted by the first circulator, and the light is transmitted to the EOM;
(4) two paths of light of the light wave A and the light wave B are subjected to EOM frequency shift and then serve as two beams of continuous detection light with phase difference, the continuous detection light is output to a frequency sweep device through the EOM, the frequency sweep device performs continuous cyclic scanning on the continuous light, two groups of light wave cyclic signals are output to a photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector converts light signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to a data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit transmits the electric signal data to a computer, the computer distinguishes Brillouin signals from noise through a digital average algorithm to achieve extraction of Brillouin scattering frequency shift quantity and intensity value, and the temperature and strain of the surface of the lithium ion battery are obtained through a Brillouin scattering frequency quantity, intensity value and temperature strain relation.
2. The energy storage system lithium ion battery fire early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the relationship among the Brillouin scattering frequency, intensity value and temperature strain is as follows
vB(T0,ε)＝vB(T0,0)(1+4.48ε)
In the formula, vBIs Brillouin frequency shift, rho is the density of the medium, E is the Young's modulus of elasticity of the medium, epsilon is strain, T is temperature, where T is the strain0As the initial temperature, u is the Poisson's ratio, C is the speed of light, and n is the refractive index of the fiber material.
3. The energy storage system lithium ion battery fire early warning method of claim 2, wherein: the relationship among the Brillouin scattering frequency, intensity value and temperature strain is as follows
vB(T,0)＝vB(T0,0)(1+1.18×10-4ΔT)
ΔvB＝vB(T0,ε)-vB(T0,0)＝4.48vB(T0,0)ε
In the formula,. DELTA.vBThe change amount of Brillouin frequency shift is shown, and delta T is the change amount of temperature;
the relationship between the Brillouin intensity and the temperature and strain is
PB(T)＝(2.04+0.007T)×10-9
PB(ε)＝(2.19-21.51ε)×10-9
In the formula, PB(T)、PB(epsilon) are the values of the brillouin scattering intensity at the corresponding fiber temperature T, respectively, strain being epsilon;
the relationship of Brillouin frequency shift, power and temperature strain is
vB＝vB0+CvTΔT+CvεΔε
PB＝PB0+CPTΔT+CPεΔε
In the formula, vB0、PB0Respectively representing Brillouin frequency shift and strength under the environment initial temperature and strain; Δ T and Δ ∈ are the amount of change in temperature and strain, respectively; cvT、CPT、Cvε、CPEpsilon is the temperature and strain coefficient of Brillouin frequency shift, strength, respectively.
4. The energy storage system lithium ion battery fire early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the energy storage box body (2) comprises a plurality of rows of battery units (24), each row of battery units (24) comprises a plurality of rows of battery units (24), the same row of battery units (24) in adjacent rows are connected through transverse partition plates, the same row of battery units (24) in adjacent rows are connected through longitudinal partition plates, the transverse partition plates are perpendicular to the longitudinal partition plates, each battery unit (24) is positioned at the joint of the transverse partition plates and the longitudinal partition plates, and each battery unit (24), the cavity that horizontal division board and longitudinal separation board formed is air runner (23), and a plurality of sensing fiber entry (25) have been seted up in roof (22) of energy storage box (2), and a plurality of sensing fiber export (26) have been seted up to the diapire of energy storage box (2), and sensing fiber entry (25) set up and lie in the lateral wall of battery unit (24) with sensing fiber export (26) relatively.
5. The energy storage system lithium ion battery fire early warning method of claim 4, wherein: the battery unit (24) is of a cylindrical hollow structure.
6. The energy storage system lithium ion battery fire early warning method of claim 4, wherein: sensing optical fiber entry (25) and sensing optical fiber export (26) are hopper-shaped structure, and the end of sensing optical fiber entry (25) and sensing optical fiber export (26) all is fixed and is provided with hollow convex body (27), and the bottom of hollow convex body (27) is provided with semi-ring pipe (28), and semi-ring pipe (28) are sensing optical fiber channel, and sensing optical fiber channel sets up in battery unit (24) outer wall, sets up sensing optical fiber (29) in the sensing optical fiber channel.
7. The energy storage system lithium ion battery fire early warning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the early warning system further comprises a display (17), a controller (18), a fire alarm telephone terminal (19), a buzzer (20) and an alarm lamp (21), wherein the display (17) and the controller (18) are connected with a computer (16), and the fire alarm telephone terminal (19), the buzzer (20) and the alarm lamp (21) are connected with the controller (18).
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