CN112886007B - Cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN112886007B
CN112886007B CN202110069619.8A CN202110069619A CN112886007B CN 112886007 B CN112886007 B CN 112886007B CN 202110069619 A CN202110069619 A CN 202110069619A CN 112886007 B CN112886007 B CN 112886007B
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cobalt
ditelluride
carbon nanofiber
spinning
dimensional
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CN112886007A (en
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张伟
王学文
吴家伟
吴英涛
李羿乐
梁志信
黄少铭
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B19/00—Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • C01B19/007—Tellurides or selenides of metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/02—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by optical microscopy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of battery energy storage. The application provides a cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material and a preparation method and application thereof. The cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material has a three-dimensional communicated structure, the carbon nanofiber has a one-dimensional multichannel structure, and the cobalt ditelluride particles are coated in the one-dimensional multichannel. The cobalt ditelluride compound exhibits lower electronegativity and higher electrical conductivity, and has small volume expansion. Meanwhile, the cobalt ditelluride particles are coated in the one-dimensional multi-channel and form a three-dimensional communicated structure by the one-dimensional multi-channel fibers, so that the specific surface area is high, the transmission efficiency of electrons and ions can be greatly improved, the integral energy density of the battery is increased, the high specific capacity, the excellent rate performance and the long cycle life are shown, and the advantages of the cobalt ditelluride as a sodium ion electrode material can be furthest exerted. The cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material is further represented as a flexible self-supporting structure, can be used for a sodium ion battery self-supporting electrode, and has important significance for research of flexible wearable equipment and large-scale energy storage.

Description

Cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of battery energy storage, and particularly relates to a cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, good cycle performance, environmental friendliness and the like, so that the lithium ion battery is widely applied to the fields of portable electronic products, new energy electric vehicles and the like. But the lithium is limited by the characteristics of rare content and uneven distribution of lithium resources in the earth crust, so that the price of the metal lithium salt is expensive and the lithium salt is not suitable for a large-scale energy storage system. Compared with a lithium ion battery, the natural reserve of sodium resources is rich, and the extraction cost is relatively low, so that the method has a wide application prospect in the aspect of large-scale energy storage.
The cathode material is one of the key factors for realizing the high-energy density sodium ion battery as an important component of the battery. The transition metal chalcogenide (metal sulfide, metal selenide and metal telluride) is considered to be a sodium ion battery cathode material with great application potential due to the higher theoretical capacity. However, the materials still have the technical problems of poor conductivity and poor cycling stability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides a cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material, and a preparation method and an application thereof, which show high specific capacity, excellent rate capability and long cycle life.
The specific technical scheme of the application is as follows:
the application provides a cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material which has a three-dimensional communication structure;
the carbon nano fiber has a one-dimensional multi-channel structure, and the two cobalt telluride particles are coated in the one-dimensional multi-channel structure.
In the application, the cobalt ditelluride compound is based on the principle of diffusion power, shows lower electronegativity and higher conductivity, and has obvious advantages in cycle performance and rate capability; the cobalt ditelluride compound participates in the electrochemical reaction to be the conversion reaction, and the volume expansion is small. Meanwhile, the cobalt ditelluride particles are coated in the one-dimensional multi-channel and form a three-dimensional communicated structure by the one-dimensional multi-channel fibers, so that the specific surface area is high, the transmission efficiency of electrons and ions can be greatly improved, the integral energy density of the battery is increased, the high specific capacity, the excellent rate performance and the long cycle life are shown, and the advantages of the cobalt ditelluride as a sodium ion electrode material can be furthest exerted. The cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material is further represented as a flexible self-supporting structure, can be used for a sodium ion battery self-supporting electrode, and has important significance for research of flexible wearable equipment and large-scale energy storage.
Preferably, the diameter of the channel is 100-300 nm.
The application also provides a preparation method of the cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: dissolving cobalt salt in an organic solvent, adding a high polymer material, heating and stirring to obtain a spinning solution;
s2: carrying out electrostatic spinning and drying on the spinning solution to obtain a precursor;
s3: and adding the precursor into tellurium powder for heat treatment to obtain the cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber composite material.
In the application, the high polymer material is used as a carbon source to prepare a spinning solution together with cobalt salt, and the high polymer materials with different molecular weights are layered under the action of a high-voltage electric field in electrostatic spinning, so that in the heat treatment process, the high polymer material serves as a template to generate different volume changes, a multi-channel structure with uniform diameter is formed, and the cobalt ditelluride is coated in the multi-channel structure. Compared with a hydrothermal method, a solvothermal method or a ball milling method, the preparation method has the advantages of high surface area, controllable aperture, simple preparation process, good repeatability and environmental friendliness.
Preferably, the cobalt source is selected from one or more of cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, cobalt acetate, cobalt chloride, cobalt fluoride and cobalt bromide;
The high polymer material is selected from any two of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate and polystyrene;
the organic solvent is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, dimethylformamide or acetonitrile.
Preferably, the polymer material is selected from any two of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate and polystyrene.
Preferably, the heating and stirring temperature is 25-100 ℃, and the time is 2-50 h.
Preferably, the operating conditions of the electrostatic spinning are as follows: spinning high pressure is 10-20 kV, the injection speed is 0.2-1.5 mL/h, the inner diameter of a spinning needle is 0.6-1.5 mm, the distance from the spinning needle to an aluminum foil receiving position is 10-30 cm, and the internal temperature of the spinning device is 25-50 ℃.
Preferably, the drying time is 2-48 h.
Preferably, the heat treatment is performed at Ar/H 2 Is carried out in gas;
H 2 the volume fraction of (A) is 0-10%.
Preferably, the heating rate of the heat treatment is 2-8 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature is 400-700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-10 h.
Preferably, the molar concentration of the cobalt salt in the organic solvent is 1-5 mmol/L;
the mass fraction of the high polymer material in the organic solvent is 6-18%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the precursor to the tellurium powder is 1: (1-5).
In summary, the application provides a cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material has a three-dimensional communicated structure, the carbon nanofiber has a one-dimensional multichannel structure, and the cobalt ditelluride particles are coated in the one-dimensional multichannel. The cobalt ditelluride compound exhibits lower electronegativity and higher electrical conductivity, and has small volume expansion. Meanwhile, the cobalt ditelluride particles are coated in the one-dimensional multi-channel and form a three-dimensional communicated structure by the one-dimensional multi-channel fibers, so that the specific surface area is high, the transmission efficiency of electrons and ions can be greatly improved, the integral energy density of the battery is increased, the high specific capacity, the excellent rate performance and the long cycle life are shown, and the advantages of the cobalt ditelluride as a sodium ion electrode material can be furthest exerted. The cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material is further represented as a flexible self-supporting structure, can be used for a sodium ion battery self-supporting electrode, and has important significance for research of flexible wearable equipment and large-scale energy storage.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of the product obtained in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is an optical photograph of the self-supporting properties of the product obtained in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a SEM photograph of the product obtained in example 2 of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a nitrogen adsorption-desorption curve of the product obtained in example 2 of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the cycling performance of the product obtained in example 2 of the present application at a current density of 0.2A/g;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the cycle performance at a current density of 1A/g of the product obtained in example 2 of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the cycling performance at a current density of 1A/g for the product obtained in the comparative example of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Example 1
(1) Dissolving 2mmol of cobalt sulfate in 10g of dimethylformamide, magnetically stirring until the cobalt sulfate is completely dissolved, adding 0.7g of PAN and 0.2PS, and stirring at 30 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain a spinning solution;
(2) Sucking the spinning solution into a medical injector, applying 12kV high voltage, selecting a spinning needle with the inner diameter of 0.7mm, controlling the internal temperature of a spinning device to be 25-30 ℃, adjusting the appropriate injection speed and receiving distance to perform electrostatic spinning and collect spinning products, and putting the spinning products into a blast drying oven to be dried for 4 hours to obtain precursors;
(3) taking out the precursor and adding tellurium powder, wherein the mass ratio of the precursor to the tellurium powder is 1: 1.5, placing Ar/H 2 (volume ratio is 99: 1), heating to 450 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 4h, and naturally cooling to obtain the cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material.
An X-ray diffraction pattern of the product obtained in example 1 of the present application is shown in fig. 1, and a position of an XRD peak of the obtained product is consistent with a position of a standard PDF card peak of cobalt ditelluride, which indicates that a cobalt ditelluride compound in the prepared cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material has high purity and no other impurity phase, and can fully satisfy performance advantages of the cobalt ditelluride compound in an electrode material.
An optical photo of the self-supporting performance of the product obtained in example 1 of the application is shown in fig. 2, which shows that the obtained product is easily cut into a self-supporting electrode sheet, and when the electrode sheet is bent to different angles and then returns to an unbent state, the whole electrode sheet is kept good, which indicates that the prepared cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material has good mechanical properties and certain flexibility.
Example 2
(1) Dissolving 3mmol of cobalt acetate in 10.5g of dimethylformamide, magnetically stirring until the cobalt acetate is completely dissolved, adding 0.8g of PVP and 0.8g of PS, and stirring at 35 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a spinning solution;
(2) sucking the spinning solution into a medical injector, applying 14kV high voltage, selecting a spinning needle with the inner diameter of 0.8mm, controlling the internal temperature of a spinning device to be 30-35 ℃, adjusting a proper injection speed and a proper receiving distance to perform electrostatic spinning and collect spinning products, and putting the spinning products into a blast drying oven to be dried for 6 hours to obtain precursors;
(3) taking out the precursor and adding tellurium powder, wherein the mass ratio of the precursor to the tellurium powder is 1: 2, placing in a gas containing Ar/H 2 (the volume ratio is 98: 2), heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 5h, and naturally cooling to obtain the cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material.
The field emission scanning electron microscope photograph of the product obtained in example 2 of the present application is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen in the figure that the average diameter of the channels of the one-dimensional flexible multi-channel cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material is 200nm, and the multi-channel structure is very obvious, so that the transmission efficiency of electrons and ions can be greatly improved, and the energy density of the whole battery can be increased.
The nitrogen adsorption-desorption curve of the product obtained in example 2 of the present application is shown in FIG. 4, and it can be seen from the adsorption-desorption curve that the specific surface area of the product obtained is 99.4m 2 (iv) g. The larger specific surface area is beneficial to the contact between the electrolyte and the electrode material cobalt ditelluride and the electrolyte, thereby accelerating the diffusion of ions and improving the electrochemical performance.
The cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material prepared in the embodiment is cut into self-supporting electrode slices which are directly used as a negative electrode material of a sodium ion battery for performance test. The cycle performance graphs of the product obtained in example 2 of the application under different current densities are shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, and the graphs show that the specific discharge capacity is 261.2mAh/g after 300-circle discharge at the current density of 0.2A/g; the specific discharge capacity after discharging for 2000 circles under the current density of 1A/g is 204.3mAh/g, and the flexible multi-channel cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber prepared by the method has high specific capacity, good rate performance and long cycle life.
Example 3
(1) Dissolving 3.5mmol of cobalt chloride in 10.5g of dimethylformamide, magnetically stirring until the cobalt chloride is completely dissolved, adding 0.8g of PVP and 0.2g of PMMA, and stirring for 10 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain a spinning solution; (2) sucking the spinning solution into a medical injector, applying a high voltage of 16kV, selecting a spinning needle with the inner diameter of 0.9mm, controlling the internal temperature of a spinning device to be 30-35 ℃, adjusting a proper pushing speed and a proper receiving distance to carry out electrostatic spinning and collecting a spinning product, and putting the spinning product into a blast drying oven to be dried for 8 hours to obtain a precursor;
(3) Taking out the precursor and adding tellurium powder, wherein the mass ratio of the precursor to the tellurium powder is 1: 2.5, placing in a container with Ar/H 2 (the volume ratio is 97: 3), raising the temperature to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 6h, and naturally cooling to obtain the cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material.
The multichannel structure of the product obtained in the embodiment 3 of the application is kept well, but compared with the embodiment 1, the difference between the molecular weights of PVP and PMMA is small, the channel diameter of the product is small, polymerization is easy to occur, and the influence of the selection of the high polymer material on the formation of the multichannel structure is large.
Example 4
(1) Dissolving 4mmol of cobalt bromide in 11g of dimethylformamide, magnetically stirring until the cobalt bromide is completely dissolved, adding 0.6g of PVP and 0.4g of PMMA, and stirring at 45 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a spinning solution;
(2) sucking the spinning solution into a medical injector, applying 18kV high voltage, selecting a spinning needle with the inner diameter of 1.0mm, controlling the internal temperature of a spinning device to be 40-45 ℃, performing electrostatic spinning and collecting spinning products under the condition of adjusting to proper injection speed and receiving distance, and drying the spinning products in a blast drying oven for 10 hours to obtain a precursor;
(3) taking out the precursor and adding tellurium powder, wherein the mass ratio of the precursor to the tellurium powder is 1: 3, placing in a gas containing Ar/H 2 (volume ratio is 96: 4), heating to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min, preserving heat for 8h, and naturally cooling to obtain the cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material.
The product obtained in the embodiment 4 still maintains a good multi-channel structure, but compared with the product obtained in the embodiment 3, the added mass of PMMA is increased, so that the diameter of the channel formed on the surface of the multi-channel carbon nanofiber is increased, the structure collapse is easy to form, and the influence of the using amount of the high polymer material on the formation of the multi-channel structure in the heat treatment process is larger.
Example 5
(1) Dissolving 5mmol of cobalt fluoride in 11g of dimethylformamide, magnetically stirring until the cobalt fluoride is completely dissolved, adding 0.7g of PVP and 0.3g of PS, and stirring at 50 ℃ for 16h to obtain a spinning solution;
(2) sucking the spinning solution into a medical injector, applying a high voltage of 20kV, selecting a spinning needle with the inner diameter of 1.5mm, controlling the internal temperature of a spinning device to be 45-50 ℃, adjusting a proper injection speed and a proper receiving distance to perform electrostatic spinning, collecting a spinning product, and drying the spinning product in a blast drying oven for 16 hours to obtain a precursor;
(3) taking out the precursor and adding tellurium powder, wherein the mass ratio of the precursor to the tellurium powder is 1: 4, placing in a gas filled with Ar/H 2 (the volume ratio is 92: 8), raising the temperature to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 10h, and naturally cooling to obtain the cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material.
Compared with the product obtained in the embodiment 2, the product obtained in the embodiment 5 has the advantages that the added mass of PS is reduced, the diameter of the channel of the multichannel carbon nanofiber is reduced, and the multichannel carbon nanofiber is easy to polymerize, so that the PS mainly plays a role in forming multiple channels in the heat treatment process, and the use amount of the high polymer material has a large influence on the formation of a multichannel structure in the heat treatment process.
Comparative example
(1) Dissolving 3mmol of cobalt acetate in 10.5g of dimethylformamide, magnetically stirring until the cobalt acetate is completely dissolved, adding 0.8g of PAN, and stirring at 35 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a spinning solution;
(2) sucking the spinning solution into a medical injector, applying a high voltage of 15kV, selecting a spinning needle with the inner diameter of 0.8mm, controlling the internal temperature of a spinning device to be 30-35 ℃, adjusting a proper injection speed and a proper receiving distance to perform electrostatic spinning and collect spinning products, and putting the spinning products into a blast drying oven to be dried for 6 hours to obtain a precursor;
(3) taking out the precursor and adding tellurium powder, wherein the mass ratio of the precursor to the tellurium powder is 1: 2, placing in a gas containing Ar/H 2 (volume ratio is 95: 5) in a tubular furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5h, and naturally cooling to obtain the cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material.
And cutting the cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material prepared in the comparative example into self-supporting electrode slices to be directly used as a negative electrode material of the sodium-ion battery for performance test. The cycle performance of the product obtained in the comparative example of the present application at a current density of 1A/g is shown in FIG. 7, which shows that the capacity fading gradually becomes faster after discharging for 200 cycles at a current density of 1A/g, and the capacity is almost zero when the product is cycled to 500 cycles. The product prepared by the embodiment of the application has the advantages that the high-molecular materials with different molecular weights are layered under the action of a high-voltage electric field in electrostatic spinning, and further, in the heat treatment process, the high-molecular materials serve as templates to generate different volume changes, so that a multi-channel structure with uniform diameter is formed, and cobalt ditelluride is coated in the multi-channel structure, so that the capacity and the cycle performance are obviously improved.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (7)

1. The application of the cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material in the sodium ion flexible self-supporting electrode material is characterized in that the material has a three-dimensional communication structure;
the carbon nano fiber has a one-dimensional multi-channel structure, and cobalt ditelluride particles are coated in the one-dimensional multi-channel structure;
the preparation method of the cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber material comprises the following steps:
s1: dissolving cobalt salt in an organic solvent, adding a high polymer material, heating and stirring to obtain a spinning solution;
s2: carrying out electrostatic spinning and drying on the spinning solution to obtain a precursor;
s3: adding the precursor into tellurium powder for heat treatment to obtain the cobalt ditelluride/carbon nanofiber composite material;
The cobalt salt is selected from one or more of cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, cobalt acetate, cobalt chloride, cobalt fluoride and cobalt bromide;
the high polymer material is polyvinylpyrrolidone and polymethyl methacrylate;
the organic solvent is selected from dimethylformamide.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the channels is 100 to 300 nm.
3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating conditions of the electrospinning are: the spinning high pressure is 10-20 kV, the pushing speed is 0.2-1.5 mL/h, the inner diameter of a spinning needle is 0.6-1.5 mm, the distance from the spinning needle to an aluminum foil receiving position is 10-30 cm, and the temperature inside the spinning device is 25-50 ℃.
4. Use according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is carried out at Ar/H 2 Is carried out in gas;
H 2 the volume fraction of (A) is 1% -10%.
5. The application of the method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature rise rate of the heat treatment is 2-8 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 400-700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-10 h.
6. The use according to claim 1, wherein the molar concentration of the cobalt salt in the organic solvent is 1 to 5 mmol/L;
The mass fraction of the high polymer material in the organic solvent is 6-18%.
7. The application of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the precursor to the tellurium powder is 1: (1-5).
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