CN112883665B - Method for correcting observation data of historical wind field of meteorological station - Google Patents
Method for correcting observation data of historical wind field of meteorological station Download PDFInfo
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- CN112883665B CN112883665B CN202110218073.8A CN202110218073A CN112883665B CN 112883665 B CN112883665 B CN 112883665B CN 202110218073 A CN202110218073 A CN 202110218073A CN 112883665 B CN112883665 B CN 112883665B
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Abstract
A meteorological station historical wind speed and wind direction correction method comprises the steps of 1) selecting a meteorological station near a wind power plant development site to be subjected to wind resource assessment, and collecting wind speed and wind direction observation data of the meteorological station in several years; 2) carrying out trend analysis on the collected historical annual average wind speed time sequence of the meteorological station to judge whether the meteorological station has an aperiodic significant variation trend; analyzing the collected historical annual dominant wind direction time sequence observed by the meteorological station, judging whether irreversible wind direction deflection occurs at certain time points, and judging whether the meteorological station is considered to be influenced by the surrounding environment; 3) and aiming at the weather station which is temporarily determined to be affected, collecting satellite remote sensing image data of the region of the weather station in recent years, preprocessing the original image data, converting the preprocessed satellite remote sensing image into vector information and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of meteorological observation, and particularly relates to a meteorological station historical wind field observation data correction method for performing physical model experiment or mathematical model calculation analysis based on satellite remote sensing image data, which can be applied to wind power plant wind energy resource assessment, climate change assessment and other work.
Background
In order to protect the ecological environment and deal with climate change, the rapid development of clean energy has become an important strategy for guaranteeing the energy safety of China. Wind energy is a pure and pollution-free green energy and is an important component in energy structures in China. However, the complex and variable natural characteristics of the wind field bring great uncertainty to the economic benefit of wind power development. Accurate wind energy resource assessment is an important basis for guaranteeing efficient utilization of wind energy resources and investment economic benefits of wind farm development.
According to a wind power plant wind energy resource assessment method (GB/T18710-2002), wind energy resource assessment mainly depends on building a wind measuring tower in a wind power plant planning area to carry out complete observation for not less than 1 year, and then, the representative year correction is carried out by using historical data of long-term measuring stations such as nearby meteorological stations, ocean stations and the like for nearly 30 years. However, due to the rapid urbanization development of our country in recent decades, the underlying surface characteristics of the surrounding areas of the meteorological station are changed significantly, so that the observed wind field historical data are influenced by environmental factors and cannot truly reflect the long-term climate state characteristics of wind energy resources. It is generally shown that the urbanization advances to increase the roughness of the underlying surface around the meteorological station, and the observed historical wind speed data has a significant downward trend (as shown in fig. 1). Some meteorological stations are blocked by surrounding city building high-rise buildings, and the observation wind direction may change correspondingly. It should be noted that the underlying surface is generally not gradually developed along with the time course due to the influence of human factors (such as land improvement, city expansion, building construction, etc.), and has a staged evolution characteristic (as shown in fig. 2) which remains unchanged for a certain historical period. Therefore, due to the environmental change of the underlying surface of the surrounding area, the annual wind field data observed by the weather station may have a stepwise change characteristic (as shown in fig. 1) in addition to fluctuation due to the influence of weather variation.
In the wind resource evaluation process, technicians often judge according to experience to remove meteorological sites with obvious long-term descending trend of wind speed influenced by surrounding environment, so that wind energy resource representative annual correction is carried out due to lack of available historical observation data, or correction is carried out according to simple linear trend, so that accuracy and applicability of the observation data are obviously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, the influence of the historical change of the surrounding environment of a meteorological station on the long-term observation result of a wind field cannot be effectively eliminated, so that a large amount of historical observation data of the wind field of the meteorological station cannot reflect the long-term climate state characteristics of wind energy resources, and the effectiveness and the applicability in the application of wind energy resource assessment engineering are insufficient.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for correcting historical wind speed and wind direction of a meteorological station comprises the following steps:
step 1) selecting a meteorological station near a wind power plant development site to be subjected to wind resource assessment, and collecting wind speed and direction observation data of the meteorological station in several years;
step 2) carrying out trend analysis on the collected meteorological station historical annual average wind speed time series to judge whether the meteorological station historical annual average wind speed time series has an aperiodic significant variation trend; analyzing the collected historical annual dominant wind direction time sequence observed by the meteorological station, judging whether irreversible wind direction deflection occurs at certain time points, and judging whether the meteorological station is considered to be influenced by the surrounding environment;
step 3) collecting satellite remote sensing image data of nearly several years in the area of the weather station aiming at the weather station which is temporarily determined to be affected, preprocessing the original image data, and converting the preprocessed satellite remote sensing image into vector information;
step 4) analyzing the extracted vector information, judging whether the vector information has obvious historical evolution in the past years, and judging weather stations with obvious historical evolution characteristics of the peripheral underlying surface as weather stations needing wind field data correction;
step 5) analyzing the extracted underlying surface vector information aiming at a meteorological station needing wind field data correction, and determining a main historical evolution node according to a historical evolution rule;
and 6) modeling aiming at the underlying surface characteristics of different historical evolution stages to determine the change characteristics of the wind speed and the wind direction of the free incoming flow under different underlying surface characteristics.
And 7) correcting the wind speed and the wind direction of the meteorological station at different historical time periods by using the adjusting parameters, and eliminating the influence of environmental change caused by peripheral human factors on the historical observation of the wind field of the meteorological station, so that the corrected historical observation data of the wind field can reflect the weather state condition of the wind energy resource in the region.
The corrected historical observation data of the wind farm can reflect the climatic state conditions of the wind energy resources in the area, and can be applied to wind energy resource evaluation of the wind farm.
In the step 2), the meteorological stations with the observed historical annual wind speed trend or the annual main wind direction irreversibly deflecting are temporarily determined as the meteorological stations artificially influenced by the surrounding environment.
In the step 6), the modeling method can adopt a material resource model experiment, the physical model experiment comprises a wind tunnel experiment, corresponding wind tunnel models are established according to different underlying surface characteristics according to a certain scaling ratio, and wind speed and wind direction adjustment parameters of the free incoming flow at the corresponding position of the meteorological station are determined by the wind tunnel experiment.
In the step 6), the modeling method can adopt a mathematical model calculation method, the numerical model calculation method can use computational fluid dynamics to model, the change characteristics of the wind speed and the wind direction of the free incoming flow under different underlying surface characteristics are calculated through CFD flow field simulation, and the wind speed and the wind direction adjustment parameters of the position of the meteorological station are obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a meteorological station historical wind field observation data correcting method based on satellite remote sensing image analysis by considering the influence of environmental changes of an underlying surface around a meteorological station on the historical wind field observation data.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the change characteristics of the annual average historical wind speed of a meteorological station to be corrected;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing different stages of historical evolution of the underlying surface around the area where the meteorological station is located;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
wherein, the system comprises a weather station 1 and an urban building 2.
Detailed Description
A method for correcting historical wind speed and wind direction of a meteorological station comprises the following specific steps:
1) selecting a meteorological station near a wind power plant development site to be subjected to wind resource assessment, and collecting annual average, monthly average and hourly wind speed and direction observation data of the meteorological station in recent years (such as 30 years). The model, the installation height and the surrounding obstacle condition of the anemoscope for observing and recording data are known, and the station address, the time and the condition of the variation of the anemoscope and the installation position and the like from the building of the station are known;
2) if the meteorological station has the wind measuring instruments and the installation positions change in the data collection period, the wind measuring data can be properly corrected according to the characteristics or the difference of the installation positions of different wind measuring instruments. If the station address of the meteorological station changes in the data collection period, temporarily determining the meteorological station which is artificially influenced by the surrounding environment;
3) if the station address of the meteorological station does not change in the data collection period, the collected historical annual average wind speed time sequence of the meteorological station is subjected to preliminary analysis, and whether the meteorological station has a significant change trend of aperiodicity (volatility) or not can be judged through manual experience judgment or a statistical analysis method (such as moving average, linear regression, wavelet transformation and the like). And analyzing the collected historical annual dominant wind direction time series observed by the meteorological station to judge whether irreversible wind direction deflection occurs at certain time points. Through preliminary analysis, the meteorological stations with obvious aperiodic variation trend of the observed historical annual wind speed or irreversible deflection of the annual main wind direction are temporarily determined as the meteorological stations artificially influenced by the surrounding environment.
4) For the meteorological stations with station addresses changed in the data collection period, satellite remote sensing image data of areas before and after the station addresses of the meteorological stations are changed in the corresponding time periods (such as 30 years) in the data collection period are collected respectively. And collecting satellite remote sensing image data of the area where the weather station is located in a corresponding time period (such as 30 years) in a data collection period aiming at the weather station which has not changed station address but is temporarily determined to be affected. Preprocessing original image data such as fusion, correction and cutting, applying a supervision and classification algorithm to the preprocessed satellite remote sensing image, performing underlying surface classification and spatial distribution information extraction, and converting the underlying surface classification and spatial distribution information into vector information;
5) the extracted underlying surface vector information is subjected to preliminary analysis, and whether the underlying surface vector information has significant historical evolution (such as land utilization type change, city expansion, building construction and the like) or not in a data collection period (such as 30 years) can be judged through a manual experience judgment or statistical analysis method. And judging weather stations with remarkable historical evolution characteristics of the peripheral underlying surface as weather stations needing wind field data correction.
6) Analyzing the extracted underlying surface vector information aiming at a meteorological station needing wind field data correction, and determining main historical evolution nodes of the meteorological station according to the change characteristics of the meteorological station in different time periods;
7) modeling is carried out according to the underlying surface characteristics of different historical evolution stages. For a certain underlying surface characteristic situation, dividing the free incoming flow into corresponding sectors and wind speed sections according to the incoming flow direction and speed, and determining the change characteristics of the free incoming flow of different sectors and different speed sections in the wind speed and the wind direction under the corresponding underlying surface characteristic through modeling. The modeling method can select a physical model experiment or a mathematical model calculation method according to the situation. The physical model experiment comprises but is not limited to a wind tunnel experiment, corresponding wind tunnel models are established according to different underlying surface characteristics according to a certain scale ratio, and wind speed and direction adjusting parameters of free incoming flows of different sectors and different speed sections on corresponding positions of the meteorological station are determined by utilizing the wind tunnel experiment. The numerical model calculation can use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling, the change characteristics of the wind speed and the wind direction of free incoming flows of different sectors in different speed sections under different underlying surface characteristics are calculated through CFD flow field simulation, and the wind speed and the wind direction adjustment parameters of the positions of the meteorological stations are obtained;
8) the wind speed and the wind direction of the meteorological station at different historical time periods are corrected by utilizing the adjustment parameters obtained by modeling, the influence of environmental change caused by peripheral human factors on the historical observation of the wind field of the meteorological station is eliminated, and the corrected historical observation data of the wind field can reflect the weather state condition of the wind energy resource in the region, so that the method can be applied to the wind energy resource evaluation of the wind power plant.
Claims (3)
1. A method for correcting historical wind speed and wind direction of a meteorological station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) selecting a meteorological station near a wind power plant development site to be subjected to wind resource assessment, and collecting wind speed and direction observation data of the meteorological station in several years;
step 2) carrying out trend analysis on the collected meteorological station historical annual average wind speed time series to judge whether the meteorological station historical annual average wind speed time series has an aperiodic significant variation trend; analyzing the collected historical annual dominant wind direction time sequence observed by the meteorological station, judging whether irreversible wind direction deflection occurs at certain time points, and judging whether the meteorological station is considered to be influenced by the surrounding environment;
step 3) collecting satellite remote sensing image data of nearly several years in the area of the weather station aiming at the weather station which is temporarily determined to be affected, preprocessing the original image data, and converting the preprocessed satellite remote sensing image into vector information;
step 4) analyzing the extracted vector information, judging whether the extracted vector information has obvious historical evolution in the past years, and judging weather stations with obvious historical evolution characteristics of the peripheral underlying surface as weather stations needing wind field data correction;
step 5) analyzing the extracted underlying surface vector information aiming at a meteorological station needing wind field data correction, and determining a main historical evolution node according to a historical evolution rule;
step 6) modeling is carried out aiming at the underlying surface characteristics in different historical evolution stages to determine the change characteristics of the wind speed and the wind direction of the free incoming flow under different underlying surface characteristics;
step 7) correcting the wind speed and the wind direction of the meteorological station at different historical time periods by using the adjusting parameters, and eliminating the influence of environmental change caused by peripheral human factors on the historical observation of the wind field of the meteorological station, so that the corrected historical observation data of the wind field can reflect the weather state condition of the wind energy resource in the region;
in the step 6), the modeling method can adopt a material resource model experiment, the physical model experiment comprises a wind tunnel experiment, corresponding wind tunnel models are established according to different underlying surface characteristics according to a certain scaling ratio, and wind speed and wind direction adjustment parameters of the free incoming flow at the corresponding position of the meteorological station are determined by the wind tunnel experiment;
in the step 6), the modeling method can adopt a mathematical model calculation method, the numerical model calculation method can use computational fluid dynamics to model, the change characteristics of the wind speed and the wind direction of the free incoming flow under different underlying surface characteristics are calculated through CFD flow field simulation, and the wind speed and the wind direction adjustment parameters of the position of the meteorological station are obtained.
2. The method for correcting the historical wind speed and the wind direction of the meteorological station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the corrected historical observation data of the wind farm can reflect the climatic state conditions of the wind energy resources of the region, and can be applied to wind energy resource assessment of the wind farm.
3. The method for correcting the historical wind speed and wind direction of the meteorological station according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the meteorological station with the significant aperiodic variation trend of the observed historical wind speed year by year or the irreversible deflection of the observed historical wind speed year by year is temporarily determined as the meteorological station artificially influenced by the surrounding environment.
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