CN112882512A - Cylinder cooling device and method based on DCS control - Google Patents
Cylinder cooling device and method based on DCS control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a cylinder cooling device and method based on DCS control, aiming at accelerating the cooling process of a cylinder, shortening the cooling time and ensuring the safety of a cylinder body; the device comprises an air storage tank, a DCS controller, an electric heater, a regulating valve, a stop valve, a flowmeter and a temperature measuring element, wherein the electric heater, the regulating valve, the stop valve, the flowmeter and the temperature measuring element are respectively connected with the DCS controller; the air outlet end of the air storage tank is connected with a high-pressure cylinder and a medium-pressure cylinder of the air cylinder; the temperature measuring element is arranged on the gas storage tank to obtain the temperature of the gas in the tank. The method comprises the steps of connecting heated compressed air into an air inlet pipeline of a cylinder, and detecting the gas temperature of the compressed air and the temperature of the inner wall of a high-pressure cylinder of the cylinder in real time; the temperature and the flow of the accessed compressed air are adjusted according to the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder and the allowable difference range, and the control of the cooling rate is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cylinder cooling device and method based on DCS control.
Background
The modern steam turbine cylinder is externally provided with the heat-insulating layer with good heat-insulating performance, so that the effect of enhancing the heat-insulating performance of the cylinder and reducing the heat dissipation loss is very obvious, but in the natural cooling process after overhauling and shutdown, the cylinder needs a long cooling time due to poor heat dissipation conditions, large heat storage capacity and slow temperature drop of the cylinder wall. In general, natural cooling is performed, and after the turbine is shut down, the cylinder temperature needs to be naturally cooled to below 150 ℃, which generally takes about 11 days and 10 hours. The maintenance work is carried out after the machine is shut down naturally, and the availability of the machine set is influenced greatly. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a forced cooling device to speed up the cooling process and shorten the cooling time, and at the same time, the cooling device should be able to realize remote and automatic control of DCS and reduce the risk of personnel operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cylinder cooling device and method based on DCS control, aiming at accelerating the cooling process of a cylinder, shortening the cooling time and ensuring the safety of a cylinder body, and the specific technical contents are as follows:
the cylinder cooling device based on DCS control of the invention comprises: the device comprises a gas storage tank, a DCS controller, an electric heater, an adjusting valve, a stop valve, a flowmeter and a temperature measuring element, wherein the electric heater, the adjusting valve, the stop valve, the flowmeter and the temperature measuring element are respectively connected with the DCS controller; the air outlet end of the air storage tank is connected with a high-pressure cylinder of the air cylinder through a high-pressure main steam valve and is connected with a medium-pressure cylinder of the air cylinder through a medium-pressure main steam valve; the temperature measuring element is arranged on the gas storage tank to acquire the temperature of the gas in the tank; the cylinder temperature probe is connected with the DCS controller and used for probing the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder of the cylinder.
In one or more embodiments of the invention, a filter is provided between the line before the inlet end of the air reservoir and the compressed air source.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a steam trap is respectively disposed between the high-pressure main steam valve and the high-pressure cylinder, and between the intermediate-pressure main steam valve and the intermediate-pressure cylinder.
The cylinder cooling method based on DCS control of the invention comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) connecting heated compressed air into an air inlet pipeline of an air cylinder, and detecting the gas temperature of the compressed air and the temperature of the inner wall of a high-pressure cylinder of the air cylinder in real time;
the difference range of the inner wall temperature and the gas temperature corresponding to the plurality of temperature sections is preset, and the temperature and the flow of the accessed compressed air are adjusted according to the inner wall temperature of the high-pressure cylinder and the difference range, so that the control of the cooling rate is realized.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a reservoir tank, an electric heater and an adjusting valve are disposed in an intake pipe of a cylinder for introducing heated compressed air to the cylinder, a temperature measuring element is disposed in the reservoir tank, and the temperature and flow rate of the introduced compressed air are controlled by the electric heater and the adjusting valve; a cylinder temperature probe is arranged in the high-pressure cylinder of the cylinder and is used for probing the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder of the cylinder in real time; executing a temperature control strategy and a flow control strategy based on the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder and the gas temperature of the compressed air;
the temperature control strategy is:
the given gas temperature value is equal to the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder, namely the allowable deviation value;
obtaining a given value of the gas temperature by comparing the current inner wall temperature of the high-pressure cylinder with the corresponding difference range, obtaining the current gas temperature through a temperature measuring element, comparing the current gas temperature with the given value of the gas temperature, and then driving an electric heater to regulate and control the temperature;
the flow control strategy is as follows:
given gas flow value as a temperature function f (x)1) -temperature drop rate function f (x)2) The operation formula is：
temperature function f (x)1)＝b-ax1；x1A and b are process coefficients set according to different cylinders;
temperature drop rate function
x2 is the deviation value of the temperature drop rate, namely subtracting the allowable temperature drop rate from the actual temperature drop rate;
the actual temperature drop rate is obtained by calculating the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder, and then the actual temperature drop rate is substituted into the temperature function and the temperature drop rate function to obtain the valve driving parameter of the regulating valve, so that the gas flow is correspondingly increased or decreased.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, in the temperature control strategy, the allowable deviation value, i.e. the temperature difference between the gas temperature and the inner wall temperature of the high-pressure cylinder, complies with the following rule:
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 300-400 ℃, the allowable deviation value is less than 50 ℃;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 200-300 ℃, the allowable deviation value is less than 80 ℃;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 150-.
In one or more embodiments of the present invention, in the flow control strategy, the allowable temperature drop rate follows the following rules:
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 300-400 ℃, the allowable temperature drop rate is less than 5 ℃/h;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 200-300 ℃, the allowable temperature drop rate is 6-8 ℃/h;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 150 ℃ and 200 ℃, the allowable temperature reduction rate is 8-10 ℃/h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the forced cylinder quick cooling device realizes automatic control and monitoring, heated compressed air is connected into an original steam inlet pipeline of a steam turbine, the compressed air is heated by an electric heater, and a DCS realizes control over a temperature controller of the electric heater and a related valve through logic, so that the control over the temperature of compressed gas (hot air temperature) and the flow of hot air is realized, and the quick cooling control over the temperature of a steam turbine cylinder is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cylinder cooling apparatus based on DCS control.
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of a hot air temperature control strategy.
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of a control strategy for hot air flow.
Detailed Description
The scheme of the present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 to 3:
referring to fig. 1, a cylinder cooling apparatus based on DCS control includes: the device comprises a gas storage tank 1, a DCS controller (not shown in the figure), and an electric heater 2, a regulating valve 3, a stop valve 4, a flowmeter 5 and a temperature measuring element 6 which are respectively connected with the DCS controller, wherein the gas inlet end of the gas storage tank 1 is connected with a compressed gas source through the regulating valve 3 and the stop valve 4, and the electric heater 2 and the flowmeter 5 are arranged on a pipeline before the gas inlet end; the air outlet end of the air storage tank 1 is connected with a high-pressure cylinder 8 of the cylinder through a high-pressure main steam valve 7 and is connected with a medium-pressure cylinder 10 of the cylinder through a medium-pressure main steam valve 9; the temperature measuring element 6 is arranged on the gas storage tank 1 to obtain the temperature of the gas in the tank; the cylinder temperature detecting device further comprises a cylinder temperature probe 11 connected with the DCS controller, and the cylinder temperature probe 11 is used for detecting the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder 8 of the cylinder. A filter 12 is arranged between a pipeline before the air inlet end of the air storage tank 1 and a compressed air source. And drain valves 13 are respectively arranged between the high-pressure main steam valve 7 and the high-pressure cylinder 8 and between the medium-pressure main steam valve 9 and the medium-pressure cylinder 10. Compressed air respectively enters a high-pressure cylinder 8 and an intermediate-pressure cylinder 10 from a drain valve 13 behind a high-pressure main steam valve 7 and an intermediate-pressure main steam valve 9, exhaust gas of the high-pressure cylinder 8 is exhausted to a condenser 14 through a high-exhaust ventilation valve, the intermediate-pressure cylinder 10 is exhausted into a low-pressure cylinder 15 through a communicating pipe and finally exhausted to the condenser 14, the high-pressure cylinder 8 and the intermediate-pressure cylinder are exhausted to the air through a vacuum breaker 15, and a vacuum pump can be started to pump out the air if necessary.
A cylinder cooling method based on DCS control:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) connecting heated compressed air into an air inlet pipeline of an air cylinder, and detecting the gas temperature of the compressed air and the temperature of the inner wall of a high-pressure cylinder of the air cylinder in real time; the difference range of the inner wall temperature and the gas temperature corresponding to the plurality of temperature sections is preset, and the temperature and the flow of the accessed compressed air are adjusted according to the inner wall temperature of the high-pressure cylinder and the difference range, so that the control of the cooling rate is realized.
The device comprises a cylinder, a steam inlet pipeline, a temperature measuring element, a steam outlet pipeline, a steam inlet pipeline, a steam outlet pipeline and a steam outlet pipeline, wherein the steam inlet pipeline is provided with a reservoir tank, an electric heater and an adjusting valve and is used for connecting heated compressed air into the cylinder; a cylinder temperature probe is arranged in the high-pressure cylinder of the cylinder and is used for probing the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder of the cylinder in real time;
theoretically, when the hot air temperature is lower than the cylinder temperature, the greater the deviation between the hot air temperature and the cylinder metal temperature, the greater the hot air flow rate, the faster the speed of reducing the cylinder temperature, but the rate of change of the cylinder temperature, i.e., the rate of temperature drop, is controlled within the design range, so as to prevent the cylinder from being damaged by the large thermal stress. Therefore, measures are taken to realize the dynamic control of the air temperature and the air flow, so that the quick cold cutting is ensured, and the safety of the cylinder body is also ensured.
Executing a temperature control strategy and a flow control strategy based on the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder and the gas temperature of the compressed air;
referring to fig. 2, the temperature control strategy is: the DCS controller adopts a PID closed-loop control algorithm to realize the control of the electric heater so as to control the air temperature in the air storage tank. And converting the air temperature in the air storage tank into a millivolt signal by using a temperature measuring element (such as a thermocouple), and sending the millivolt signal to a temperature measuring IO module of the DCS controller for temperature measurement. The temperature signal enters a control system to be used as a feedback signal to be compared with a gas temperature given value, the deviation value is sent to a PID (proportion integration differentiation) to be operated and then a control quantity is output, and the control quantity outputs a 4-20mA signal to a voltage power regulator of the electric heater through an analog quantity output card of the DCS controller. The controllable silicon voltage power regulator automatically changes the number of trigger pulses of the controllable silicon according to a 4-20mA current signal sent by an analog quantity output module of the DCS controller, namely, the conduction angle of the controllable silicon in unit time is controlled, the heating power of the voltage control heating element is regulated, and the purpose of uniformly controlling the temperature is achieved. The given gas temperature value is calculated by the DCS controller according to the following principle, and the allowable range after the allowable deviation value considers the safety margin is generally the following value, but the design specification of each type of cylinder block is subject to the standard:
the given gas temperature value is equal to the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder, namely the allowable deviation value;
obtaining a given value of the gas temperature by comparing the current inner wall temperature of the high-pressure cylinder with the corresponding difference range, obtaining the current gas temperature through a temperature measuring element, comparing the current gas temperature with the given value of the gas temperature, and then driving an electric heater to regulate and control the temperature; that is, the allowable deviation values comply with the following rules:
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 300-400 ℃, the temperature difference between the gas temperature and the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is less than 50 ℃; the default is set to 40 ℃;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 200-300 ℃, the temperature difference between the gas temperature and the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is less than 80 ℃; the default is set to 70 ℃;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 150-200 ℃, the temperature difference between the gas temperature and the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is less than 100 ℃; the default setting is 90 deg.c.
Referring to fig. 3, the flow control strategy is: the DCS controller adopts a PID closed-loop control algorithm to realize control on the regulating valve so as to control the hot air flow. The flow meter is used for converting the flow of the compressed air into a milliampere signal (4-20mA), and the milliampere signal is sent to an analog quantity input module of the DCS controller for flow measurement. The flow signal enters a control system to be used as a feedback signal to be compared with a gas flow set value, the deviation value is sent to PID for operation and then a control quantity is output, and the control quantity outputs a 4-20mA signal to an actuator of an adjusting valve through an analog quantity output card of a DCS controller to realize opening adjustment so as to adjust the air flow. The gas flow given value is controlled through a temperature function and a temperature drop rate function, the two functions are deduced according to the dynamic allowable range relation of the metal temperature drop rate, namely the higher the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is, the lower the allowable temperature drop rate is, the air flow needs to be reduced, the actual temperature drop rate is about large, and the air flow needs to be correspondingly reduced.
The given value of gas flow is a temperature function f (x1) -temperature drop rate function f (x2), and the operation formula is as follows:
temperature function f (x)1)＝b-ax1；x1A and b are process coefficients set according to different cylinders;
temperature drop rate function
x2 is the deviation value of the temperature drop rate, namely subtracting the allowable temperature drop rate from the actual temperature drop rate; f (x) when the actual temperature drop rate is lower than the design temperature drop rate2) Is negative, and f (x) is higher than the designed temperature drop rate2) Positive value, x2The larger the deviation, the longer the deviation time, the larger the value of the corresponding increase or decrease in flow, i.e. the integral calculation method.
The actual temperature drop rate is obtained by calculating the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder, and then the actual temperature drop rate is substituted into the temperature function and the temperature drop rate function to obtain the valve driving parameter of the regulating valve, so that the gas flow is correspondingly increased or decreased. The allowable range of the allowable temperature drop rate considering the safety margin is generally the following value, but the design specification of each type of cylinder is subject to the standard.
In the flow control strategy, the allowable temperature drop rate follows the following rules:
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 300-400 ℃, the allowable temperature drop rate is less than 5 ℃/h; defaults are set to 4 ℃/h;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 200-300 ℃, the allowable temperature drop rate is 6-8 ℃/h; default setting is 7 ℃/h;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 150-200 ℃, the allowable temperature reduction rate is 8-10 ℃/h; default settings are 9 ℃/h.
The above preferred embodiments should be considered as examples of the embodiments of the present application, and technical deductions, substitutions, improvements and the like similar to, similar to or based on the embodiments of the present application should be considered as the protection scope of the present patent.
Claims (9)
1. A cylinder cooling apparatus based on DCS control, comprising: the device comprises a gas storage tank, a DCS controller, an electric heater, an adjusting valve, a stop valve, a flowmeter and a temperature measuring element, wherein the electric heater, the adjusting valve, the stop valve, the flowmeter and the temperature measuring element are respectively connected with the DCS controller; the air outlet end of the air storage tank is connected with a high-pressure cylinder of the air cylinder through a high-pressure main steam valve and is connected with a medium-pressure cylinder of the air cylinder through a medium-pressure main steam valve; the temperature measuring element is arranged on the gas storage tank to acquire the temperature of the gas in the tank; the cylinder temperature probe is connected with the DCS controller and used for probing the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder of the cylinder.
2. The cylinder cooling apparatus based on DCS control of claim 1, wherein: and a filter is arranged between a pipeline in front of the air inlet end of the air storage tank and the compressed air source.
3. The cylinder cooling apparatus based on DCS control of claim 1, wherein: and drain valves are respectively arranged between the high-pressure main steam valve and the high-pressure cylinder and between the medium-pressure main steam valve and the medium-pressure cylinder.
4. A cylinder cooling method based on DCS control is characterized in that:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) connecting heated compressed air into an air inlet pipeline of an air cylinder, and detecting the gas temperature of the compressed air and the temperature of the inner wall of a high-pressure cylinder of the air cylinder in real time;
the difference range of the inner wall temperature and the gas temperature corresponding to the plurality of temperature sections is preset, and the temperature and the flow of the accessed compressed air are adjusted according to the inner wall temperature of the high-pressure cylinder and the difference range, so that the control of the cooling rate is realized.
5. The cylinder cooling method based on DCS control of claim 4, characterized in that:
a reservoir tank, an electric heater and an adjusting valve are arranged in an air inlet pipeline of the cylinder and used for connecting heated compressed air into the cylinder, a temperature measuring element is arranged in the reservoir tank, and the temperature and the flow of the connected compressed air are controlled by the electric heater and the adjusting valve;
a cylinder temperature probe is arranged in the high-pressure cylinder of the cylinder and is used for probing the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder of the cylinder in real time;
executing a temperature control strategy and a flow control strategy based on the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder and the gas temperature of the compressed air;
the temperature control strategy is:
the given gas temperature value is equal to the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder, namely the allowable deviation value;
obtaining a given value of the gas temperature by comparing the current inner wall temperature of the high-pressure cylinder with the corresponding difference range, obtaining the current gas temperature through a temperature measuring element, comparing the current gas temperature with the given value of the gas temperature, and then driving an electric heater to regulate and control the temperature;
the flow control strategy is as follows:
given gas flow value as a temperature function f (x)1) -temperature drop rate function f (x)2) The operation formula is as follows:
temperature function f (x)1)＝b-ax1；x1A and b are process coefficients set according to different cylinders;
temperature drop rate function
x2 is the deviation value of the temperature drop rate, namely subtracting the allowable temperature drop rate from the actual temperature drop rate;
the actual temperature drop rate is obtained by calculating the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder, and then the actual temperature drop rate is substituted into the temperature function and the temperature drop rate function to obtain the valve driving parameter of the regulating valve, so that the gas flow is correspondingly increased or decreased.
6. The cylinder cooling method based on DCS control of claim 5, characterized by: in the temperature control strategy, the allowable deviation value complies with the following rules:
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 300-400 ℃, the temperature difference between the gas temperature and the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is less than 50 ℃;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 200-300 ℃, the temperature difference between the gas temperature and the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is less than 80 ℃;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 150-200 ℃, the temperature difference between the gas temperature and the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is less than 100 ℃.
7. The cylinder cooling method based on DCS control of claim 6, characterized in that:
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 300-400 ℃, the temperature difference between the gas temperature and the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is set to be 40 ℃;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 200-300 ℃, the temperature difference between the gas temperature and the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is set to be 70 ℃;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 150-200 ℃, the temperature difference between the gas temperature and the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is set to be 90 ℃.
8. The cylinder cooling method based on DCS control of claim 5, characterized by: in the flow control strategy, the allowable temperature drop rate follows the following rules:
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 300-400 ℃, the allowable temperature drop rate is less than 5 ℃/h;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 200-300 ℃, the allowable temperature drop rate is 6-8 ℃/h;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 150 ℃ and 200 ℃, the allowable temperature reduction rate is 8-10 ℃/h.
9. The cylinder cooling method based on DCS control of claim 8, characterized in that:
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 300-400 ℃, the allowable temperature drop rate is set to be 4 ℃/h;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 200-300 ℃, the allowable temperature drop rate is set to be 7 ℃/h;
when the temperature of the inner wall of the high-pressure cylinder is 150 ℃ and 200 ℃, the allowable temperature drop rate is set to be 9 ℃/h.
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| JPH06117204A (en) * | 1992-10-05 | 1994-04-26 | Toshiba Corp | Forced cooling device for steam turbine |
| CN101701533A (en) * | 2008-10-29 | 2010-05-05 | 华南理工大学 | Method and device for producing high temperature air for quick cooling of large turbine |
| CN106523042A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-03-22 | 阳江核电有限公司 | Quick shut-down cooling system and method for steam turbine |
| CN206636604U (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-11-14 | 石福军 | A kind of quick cooling system of temperature of power plant steam turbine |
| CN109296409A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-02-01 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of temperature difference control method of steam turbine rapid cooling or quick start |
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2021
- 2021-01-09 CN CN202110027099.4A patent/CN112882512A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06117204A (en) * | 1992-10-05 | 1994-04-26 | Toshiba Corp | Forced cooling device for steam turbine |
| CN101701533A (en) * | 2008-10-29 | 2010-05-05 | 华南理工大学 | Method and device for producing high temperature air for quick cooling of large turbine |
| CN106523042A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-03-22 | 阳江核电有限公司 | Quick shut-down cooling system and method for steam turbine |
| CN206636604U (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-11-14 | 石福军 | A kind of quick cooling system of temperature of power plant steam turbine |
| CN109296409A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-02-01 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of temperature difference control method of steam turbine rapid cooling or quick start |
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