CN112881855A - High-voltage direct-current transmission line lightning stroke interference identification method based on generalized S transformation - Google Patents

High-voltage direct-current transmission line lightning stroke interference identification method based on generalized S transformation Download PDF

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CN112881855A
CN112881855A CN202110029067.8A CN202110029067A CN112881855A CN 112881855 A CN112881855 A CN 112881855A CN 202110029067 A CN202110029067 A CN 202110029067A CN 112881855 A CN112881855 A CN 112881855A
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voltage
mode component
lightning stroke
frequency
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CN112881855B (en
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倪传坤
戴国安
李传西
李卓凡
付艳
叶冬萌
谢凡
郝治国
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Xian Jiaotong University
Xuchang XJ Software Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-voltage direct-current transmission line lightning stroke interference identification method based on generalized S transformation, which comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out phase-mode transformation on fault components of positive and negative electrode voltages and current signals on a rectifying side to obtain a 1-mode component; secondly, performing generalized S transformation on the voltage 1-mode component within 3ms after protection starting, and calculating low-frequency energy and high-frequency energy; then, calculating the ratio of the low-frequency energy and the high-frequency energy of the voltage, and judging whether lightning stroke interference or line fault occurs according to the result; and finally, if lightning stroke interference occurs, the protection is recovered, if a fault occurs, generalized S transformation is carried out on the current 1-mode component 1ms after the protection is started, the ratio of the current low-frequency energy to the current high-frequency energy is calculated, whether a lightning stroke fault or a common short-circuit fault occurs is judged according to the result, and an outlet is protected. The method can accurately identify the lightning stroke interference, improve the reliability of the transient state quantity protection of the direct current line, further distinguish the lightning stroke fault from the common short circuit fault, and has guiding significance for the lightning protection, the operation and the maintenance of the line.

Description

High-voltage direct-current transmission line lightning stroke interference identification method based on generalized S transformation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power systems, relates to the field of relay protection of high-voltage direct-current transmission lines, and particularly relates to a high-voltage direct-current transmission line lightning stroke interference identification method based on generalized S transformation.
Background
As a method for effectively solving the problem of electric energy transmission, high-voltage direct-current transmission has the advantages of low line cost, simple structure, large transmission capacity, small loss, long transmission distance and the like, and is widely applied to the aspects of electric energy long-distance transmission, power system asynchronous networking, distributed resource grid connection, urban cable power supply and the like. The protection principle based on the transient quantity only needs single-end fault information and is often used as main protection of a line, but high-frequency signals injected when the line is struck by lightning easily affect the protection based on the transient quantity. In view of the above problems, a fast and reliable lightning interference resisting technology is needed to accurately distinguish lightning interference from common short-circuit faults or faults caused by lightning stroke, so that when a line is subjected to lightning interference, protection is not mistaken, and when the line is subjected to lightning fault or common short-circuit fault, protection is not rejected. Meanwhile, lightning stroke faults and common short circuit faults of the line are further distinguished, important data support can be provided for line lightning protection, and the method has guiding significance for operation and maintenance of the high-voltage direct-current line.
At present, the existing achievement aiming at the lightning stroke interference recognition problem is researched from the aspects of numerical values and waveform characteristics on a time domain, energy distribution characteristics on a frequency domain, an artificial intelligence method and the like. The extraction of the numerical characteristics in the time domain is simple in operation, but the threshold value is easily influenced by lightning parameters and has the defect of difficult setting, and the extraction of the waveform characteristics needs to be based on a long time window and is difficult to be matched with ultra-high-speed transient protection. The method of wavelet transformation, HHT and the like is usually adopted in the frequency domain, the interference and fault frequency spectrum energy distribution difference can be effectively extracted, but the selection of the wavelet base and the determination of the parameters have strong experience, and the later has a mode aliasing phenomenon which is difficult to avoid. The artificial intelligence method avoids complex mathematical operation, can achieve the purpose of distinguishing interference and faults by off-line learning of the training set, but has fewer practical examples which can be used as the training set, needs to be based on a large number of simulation results, and the classification standard of the method is not suitable for the practical power system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-voltage direct-current transmission line lightning stroke interference identification method based on generalized S transformation, which can quickly and reliably identify lightning stroke interference, reduce the influence of factors such as fault and interference types, lightning current parameters, refracted and reflected traveling waves and the like, realize quick identification of lightning stroke interference in a shorter data window, and further distinguish lightning stroke faults from common short-circuit faults on the basis.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a high-voltage direct-current transmission line lightning stroke interference identification method based on generalized S transformation is based on a short data window, has good adaptability to different types of faults and interference, and is not influenced by transition resistance and lightning current parameters, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring a positive electrode voltage signal and a negative electrode voltage signal and a current signal of a rectifying side at a preset sampling frequency, and respectively carrying out phase-mode conversion on the voltage signals and the current signals to obtain a voltage 1-mode component and a current 1-mode component;
step 2: setting the moment of protection starting as t, and automatically recording a voltage 1 mode component and a current 1 mode component in [ t ms, (t +3) ms ] after the protection starting by a lightning stroke interference recognition system;
and step 3: generalized S transformation-based calculation of voltage 1-mode component time-frequency matrix E in 3ms time windowU1：
Figure BDA0002891328740000021
Wherein, T is sampling time interval, unit is ms, N is 3/T is sampling point number in 3ms, and value range of N, m and v is [0, N-1%]，U1(v) Is a voltage 1-mode component u1(nT), and k is a window width adjustment coefficient.
And 4, step 4: summing the voltage square values of all frequencies in a 3ms time window, and calculating to obtain a voltage frequency marginal spectrum EU1(n):
Figure BDA0002891328740000031
And 5: with fthThe low-frequency energy E of the voltage 1-mode component is calculated as a threshold value of 1kHz for high frequency and low frequencyLF_U1And high frequency energy EHF_U1And calculating a ratio ρ thereofU1:
Figure BDA0002891328740000032
Wherein f issIs the signal sampling frequency.
Step 6: judging the ratio rhoU1Whether or not the threshold value ρ is exceededset1If yes, judging that the fault exists, and entering a step 7;
and 7: calculating current 1-mode component time-frequency matrix E in 1ms time window based on generalized S transformationI1：
Figure BDA0002891328740000033
Wherein,t is sampling time interval, unit is ms, N is 1/T is sampling point number in 1ms, and value range of N, m and v is [0, N-1]，I1(v) Is a voltage 1-mode component i1(nT), and k is a window width adjustment coefficient.
And 8: summing the current square values of all frequencies in a 1ms time window, and calculating to obtain a current frequency marginal spectrum EI1(f):
Figure BDA0002891328740000034
And step 9: with fthThe low-frequency energy E of the current 1-mode component is calculated as a threshold value of 1kHz for high frequency and low frequencyLF_I1And high frequency energy EHF_I1And calculating a ratio ρ thereofI1:
Figure BDA0002891328740000041
Wherein f issIs the signal sampling frequency.
Step 10: judging the ratio rhoI1Whether or not the threshold value ρ is exceededset2And if the number of the short circuit faults exceeds the preset value, judging that the short circuit faults are normal, if the number of the short circuit faults is not exceeded, judging that the short circuit faults are lightning faults, ending the algorithm and protecting normal outlets.
Preferably, the preset sampling frequency in step 1 is set to 1 MHz.
Preferably, the threshold value ρ of step 6set1Set to 3.4133.
Preferably, the threshold value ρ of step 10set2Set to 10.6361.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the identification scheme taking the ratio of low-frequency energy to high-frequency energy of the voltage modulus and the current modulus after phase-mode conversion as a criterion has obvious advantages, avoids the influence of the absolute amplitude of the electric quantity, and has good adaptability on lightning current parameters and transition resistance compared with the conventional research for extracting numerical features. In addition, for interference and various faults, the ratio has a difference of magnitude order, the requirement on the threshold value is more tolerant, and the problem of difficult setting is avoided. The scheme only needs data of a 3ms time window, meets the protection quick action performance, and has lower requirements on the calculation speed and the storage capacity.
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Fig. 1 is a model diagram of a primary system for high voltage dc transmission suitable for the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method of implementing the present invention.
Fig. 3(a), 3(b), 3(c), and 3(d) show a voltage 1-mode component waveform, a current 1-mode component waveform, a determination result of whether or not a fault has occurred, and a determination result of whether or not a fault has been caused by a lightning strike, respectively.
Fig. 4(a), 4(b), 4(c), and 4(d) are a voltage 1-mode component waveform, a current 1-mode component waveform, a determination result of whether or not a fault has occurred, and a determination result of whether or not a fault has been caused by a lightning strike, respectively, when a lightning strike interference occurs.
Fig. 5(a), 5(b), 5(c), and 5(d) are a voltage 1-mode component waveform, a current 1-mode component waveform, a determination result of whether or not a fault has occurred, and a determination result of whether or not a fault has been caused by a lightning stroke, respectively, when a normal short-circuit fault occurs.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a primary system of dc power transmission includes a dc power transmission line, a converter transformer, a converter valve, an ac filter bank, and models such as a reactive power compensation, a dc filter bank, and a smoothing reactor. The model adopts various parameters of +/-500 kV certain direct current transmission project, the project is an important channel for delivering the electric power of a coal power base and the upstream hydropower of a yellow river, a transmitting end converter station is usually used as a rectifier station, a receiving end converter station is used as an inverter station to operate, and the total length of a line is 1043 kilometers.
When the direct current transmission line is in lightning stroke at the tower top at a distance of 450km from the protective installation position at the rectification side, the method provided by the invention can eliminate the lightning stroke interference and further distinguish the lightning stroke fault from the common short circuit fault. And setting lightning current waveform as 2.6/50 mus, amplitude as-120 kA, insulator flashover and line fault. The identification scheme comprises the following steps, as shown in fig. 2:
step 1: collecting a positive electrode voltage signal and a negative electrode voltage signal and a current signal at a rectifying side at a certain sampling frequency, and respectively carrying out phase-mode conversion on the voltage signals and the current signals to obtain a voltage 1-mode component and a current 1-mode component;
step 2: setting the moment of protection starting as t, and automatically recording a voltage 1 mode component and a current 1 mode component in [ t ms, (t +3) ms ] after the protection starting by a lightning stroke interference recognition system;
in this example, the sampling frequency is 1MHz, and the following matrix is used for phase-to-mode conversion:
Figure BDA0002891328740000051
the derivation can obtain:
Figure BDA0002891328740000052
Figure BDA0002891328740000053
the 1-mode voltage and current waveform fault components after the phase-mode conversion are shown in fig. 3(a) and (b), respectively.
And step 3: generalized S transformation-based calculation of voltage 1-mode component time-frequency matrix E in 3ms time windowU1：
Figure BDA0002891328740000061
Wherein, T is sampling time interval, unit is ms, N is 3/T is sampling point number in 3ms, and value range of N, m and v is [0, N-1%]，U1(v) Is a voltage 1-mode component u1(nT), and k is a window width adjustment coefficient.
And 4, step 4: voltage square for each frequencyThe values are summed in a 3ms time window, and a voltage frequency marginal spectrum E is obtained through calculationU1(n):
Figure BDA0002891328740000062
And 5: with fthThe low-frequency energy E of the voltage 1-mode component is calculated as a threshold value of 1kHz for high frequency and low frequencyLF_U1And high frequency energy EHF_U1And calculating a ratio ρ thereofU1:
Figure BDA0002891328740000063
Wherein f issIs the signal sampling frequency.
In this example, after integrating the frequency marginal spectrum, the low-frequency energy E of the voltage 1-mode component can be obtainedLF_U10.594, high frequency energy EHF_U10.0429, ratio ρU1＝13.8569。
Step 6: judging the ratio rhoU1Whether or not the threshold value ρ is exceededset1If yes, judging that the fault exists, and entering a step 7; if not, judging the lightning stroke interference and protecting the reset;
threshold value rho for judging lightning stroke interference and faults set in the exampleset13.4133, ratio ρU1And if the lightning stroke fault exceeds the threshold value, judging that the fault occurs, wherein a judgment result signal is shown in a figure 3(c), wherein 0 represents that the lightning stroke interference occurs, and 1 represents that the fault occurs, and then judging whether the lightning stroke fault or the common short circuit fault occurs in the next step.
And 7: calculating current 1-mode component time-frequency matrix E in 1ms time window based on generalized S transformationI1：
Figure BDA0002891328740000071
Wherein, T is sampling time interval, unit is ms, N1/T is the number of sampling points in 1ms, and the value range of N, m and v is [0, N-1%]，I1(v) Is a voltage 1-mode component i1(nT), and k is a window width adjustment coefficient.
And 8: summing the current square values of all frequencies in a 1ms time window, and calculating to obtain a current frequency marginal spectrum EI1(f):
Figure BDA0002891328740000072
And step 9: with fthThe low-frequency energy E of the current 1-mode component is calculated as a threshold value of 1kHz for high frequency and low frequencyLF_I1And high frequency energy EHF_I1And calculating a ratio ρ thereofI1:
Figure BDA0002891328740000073
Wherein f issIs the signal sampling frequency.
In this example, after integrating the frequency marginal spectrum, the low-frequency energy E of the current 1-mode component can be obtainedLF_I10.1875, high frequency energy EHF_I10.1369, ratio ρI1＝1.3692。
Step 10: judging the ratio rhoI1Whether or not the threshold value ρ is exceededset2And if the number of the short circuit faults exceeds the preset value, judging that the short circuit faults are normal, if the number of the short circuit faults is not exceeded, judging that the short circuit faults are lightning faults, ending the algorithm and protecting normal outlets.
Threshold value rho for judging lightning stroke interference and faults set in the exampleset110.6361, ratio ρI1And (4) judging that the lightning stroke fault occurs when the threshold value is not exceeded, wherein a judgment result signal is shown in a figure 3(d), wherein 0 represents that the common short circuit fault occurs, 1 represents that the lightning stroke fault occurs, the algorithm is ended, and a normal outlet is protected.
When a lightning stroke occurs at a distance of 450km from the rectifier-side protection installation location on the dc line and no fault is caused on the tower top, the results of determination of the voltage 1-mode component waveform and the current 1-mode component waveform, determination of whether a fault occurs, and determination of whether a fault is caused by a lightning stroke are shown in fig. 4(a), 4(b), 4(c), and 4(d), and it is determined that the lightning stroke is a disturbance and the protection is restored. When a positive-pole metal-to-ground short-circuit fault occurs at a distance of 450km from the rectifier-side protection installation location on the dc link, the voltage 1-mode component waveform, the current 1-mode component waveform, the result of determining whether or not a fault has occurred, and the result of determining whether or not a fault has been caused by lightning strike are shown in fig. 5(a), 5(b), 5(c), and 5(d), and it is determined that a normal short-circuit fault has occurred, and a normal exit is protected.

Claims (4)

1. A high-voltage direct-current transmission line lightning stroke interference identification method based on generalized S transformation is characterized by comprising the following steps: based on a short data window, the method has good adaptability to different types of faults and interference, is not influenced by transition resistance and lightning current parameters, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring a positive electrode voltage signal and a negative electrode voltage signal and a current signal of a rectifying side at a preset sampling frequency, and respectively carrying out phase-mode conversion on the voltage signals and the current signals to obtain a voltage 1-mode component and a current 1-mode component;
step 2: setting the moment of protection starting as t, and automatically recording a voltage 1 mode component and a current 1 mode component in [ t ms, (t +3) ms ] after the protection starting by a lightning stroke interference recognition system;
and step 3: generalized S transformation-based calculation of voltage 1-mode component time-frequency matrix E in 3ms time windowU1：
Figure FDA0002891328730000011
Wherein, T is sampling time interval, unit is ms, N is 3/T is sampling point number in 3ms, and value range of N, m and v is [0, N-1%]，U1(v) Is a voltage 1-mode component u1(nT) discrete fourier transform, k being a window width adjustment coefficient;
and 4, step 4: summing the voltage square values of all frequencies in a 3ms time window, and calculating to obtain a voltage frequency marginal spectrum EU1(n):
Figure FDA0002891328730000012
And 5: with fthThe low-frequency energy E of the voltage 1-mode component is calculated as a threshold value of 1kHz for high frequency and low frequencyLF_U1And high frequency energy EHF_U1And calculating a ratio ρ thereofU1:
Figure FDA0002891328730000021
Wherein f issIs the signal sampling frequency;
step 6: judging the ratio rhoU1Whether or not the threshold value ρ is exceededset1If yes, judging that the fault exists, and entering a step 7;
and 7: calculating current 1-mode component time-frequency matrix E in 1ms time window based on generalized S transformationI1：
Figure FDA0002891328730000022
Wherein, T is sampling time interval, unit is ms, N1/T is the number of sampling points in 1ms, and the value range of N, m and v is [0, N-1%]，I1(v) Is a voltage 1-mode component i1(nT) discrete fourier transform, k being a window width adjustment coefficient;
and 8: summing the current square values of all frequencies in a 1ms time window, and calculating to obtain a current frequency marginal spectrum EI1(f):
Figure FDA0002891328730000023
And step 9: with fthThe low-frequency energy E of the current 1-mode component is calculated as a threshold value of 1kHz for high frequency and low frequencyLF_I1And high frequency energy EHF_I1And calculating a ratio ρ thereofI1:
Figure FDA0002891328730000031
Wherein f issIs the signal sampling frequency;
step 10: judging the ratio rhoI1Whether or not the threshold value ρ is exceededset2And if the number of the short circuit faults exceeds the preset value, judging that the short circuit faults are normal, if the number of the short circuit faults is not exceeded, judging that the short circuit faults are lightning faults, ending the algorithm and protecting normal outlets.
2. The method for identifying the lightning stroke interference of the high-voltage direct-current transmission line based on the generalized S transformation according to claim 1, wherein the preset sampling frequency in the step 1 is set to be 1 MHz.
3. The method for identifying the lightning stroke interference of the high-voltage direct-current transmission line based on the generalized S transformation according to claim 1, wherein the threshold value rho is obtained in step 6set1Set to 3.4133.
4. The HVDC line lightning stroke interference identification method according to claim 1, the threshold value ρ of step 10set2Set to 10.6361.
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