CN112880725A - Method for judging total pitch deviation of position sensor - Google Patents
Method for judging total pitch deviation of position sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112880725A CN112880725A CN202011334863.4A CN202011334863A CN112880725A CN 112880725 A CN112880725 A CN 112880725A CN 202011334863 A CN202011334863 A CN 202011334863A CN 112880725 A CN112880725 A CN 112880725A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
- G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
- G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D18/00—Testing or calibrating apparatus or arrangements provided for in groups G01D1/00 - G01D15/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D3/00—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups
- G01D3/028—Indicating or recording apparatus with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups mitigating undesired influences, e.g. temperature, pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
- G01D5/24471—Error correction
- G01D5/2448—Correction of gain, threshold, offset or phase control
Abstract
A method of determining a total pitch deviation of a position sensor, said position sensor being provided with a magnetic disc and a magnetic detector, said magnetic disc comprising pairs of magnetic poles, said method comprising the steps of: -recording the magnetic field strength of a mechanical revolution of the wheel measured by the magnetic detector as an angular signal as a function of the angle of rotation of the magnetic disc; -determining zero-crossing positions from the recorded angle signal and the determined number of zero-crossing positions: -determining the pole pair length from the zero crossing position; and-determining the total pitch deviation from the pole pair lengths.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for calibrating a sensor, in particular an angular position sensor (angular positon sensor).
Background
The absolute position sensor provides an analog sinusoidal signal corresponding to the angular position of the rotor. To be precise, such a sensor comprises a rotor formed of magnetic rings (magnetic rings) equipped with magnetic poles and a stator equipped with a magnetic sensor, capable of detecting the magnetic field of each magnetic pole.
As the rotor rotates, the magnetic poles pass in sequence in front of the magnetic sensor. A current is induced in the magnetic sensor based on the distance of the magnetic sensor from the magnetic pole. The current forms a periodic signal, having a sinusoidal shape, as a function of time, the signal strength depending on the distance between the magnetic sensor and the magnetic pole. The variation of the signal with time can be converted into a variation with angle on the basis of the known geometry and the rotation speed of the sensor (rotor), so that the time can be linked to the angular position of the rotor to obtain a sinusoidal signal linking the signal strength to the angular position.
Such absolute position sensors are commonly used for motor control. In the particular case of a belt starter generator, the accuracy requirements of the sensor output signal are increasingly important since the torque of the machine needs to be controlled correctly with a minimum amount of noise. Furthermore, the alternating current level of the battery must be kept within a fixed limit to avoid degradation of the overall performance of the vehicle.
One source of inaccuracy in the sensor output is the magnetic ring itself, which does not perfectly reflect the position of the rotor. This is due to the following two facts: firstly, a magnetic field signal generated by a sensor is not a perfect sine wave; and secondly, each individual period of the sine wave may have a different length.
To better characterize such a magnetic ring, the Total Pitch Deviation (TPD) can be used as a parameter. It evaluates the cumulative deviation of the magnetic ring position by measuring the individual pitch deviation (SPD) of the individual poles on the magnetic ring.
Determining the TPD of the magnetic ring with magnetic poles is similar to the method used to determine the TPD of gears or mechanical encoders (mechanical encoders) found in ABS applications.
The angular distance (angular distance) between two magnetic poles with the same polarity closest is defined as the spacing. The general method of calculating TPD is described as the following equation:
the individual pitch deviation (SPD) of the interval i may be calculated based on the following equation:
[ EQUATION 1 ]
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
PTheoreticalis the theoretical period of a single angular interval signal (angular signal);
Preal(i) is the actual period of the angle signal at interval i.
It is noted that the actual period Preal(i) Is defined by two poles of the same polarity, i.e. two north poles or two south poles. Similarly, the actual period Preal(i) Is determined by the same kind of signal edge, i.e. between two rising edges or two falling edges.
The total or cumulative pitch deviation tpd (i) of the interval i can be calculated from the following equation:
[ equation 2 ]
The total pitch deviation resulting from a mechanical revolution can be calculated according to the following equation:
[ equation 3 ]
Where Nbpp is the number of intervals involved in a mechanical revolution of a turbine.
From the current state of the art, the following methods for determining TPD are known.
After 1.3 mechanical rotations, an angular signal is generated by the sensor, which contains more than 324,000 points, of which 81,000 are measured locally and the rest are interpolated values.
Samples crossing zero points (zero-crossing samples, hereinafter referred to as "zero-crossing samples") existing in the angle signal are determined. The zero-crossing samples are equal to the closest points at which the angular signal is distributed on either side of the zero-crossing of the zero intensity level measured by the sensor. The zero intensity level is in the direction of the sensor measurement, i.e., normal to the hall effect sensor.
An angular position of the zero crossing is determined from each zero crossing sample.
The method then involves pole pairs (pole pairs) length calculations in degrees, which may start either from the rising or falling edge.
The pole pair length is then compared to a theoretical pole length (pole length), expressed as a percentage of the theoretical pole length, to determine the pitch deviation.
The sum of all pitch deviations for one mechanical revolution is determined and then the peak-to-peak value of the pole pair is recorded.
The use of noisy angular signals to determine TPD is problematic.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is a method for determining the total pitch deviation of a position sensor equipped with a magnetic disc containing pairs of magnetic poles and a magnetic probe, comprising the steps of:
-recording the magnetic field strength of a mechanical revolution of the wheel measured by the magnetic detector as an angular signal as a function of the angle of rotation of the magnetic disc;
-determining zero-crossing positions based on the recorded angle signal and the determined number of zero-crossing positions:
-determining pole pair lengths based on the zero crossing locations; and
-determining the total pitch deviation based on the pole pair lengths.
For determining the zero-crossing position from the recorded angle signal, the following steps are performed:
-determining zero-crossing samples in the angle signal, from which zero-crossing positions are determined;
-generating a zero-crossing signal having an intensity at the zero-crossing angular position equal to the difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the zero-crossing samples, the maximum value and the minimum value being respectively located on either side of the zero-crossing angular position, the zero-crossing signal being equal to zero at other positions;
-determining the number of zero-crossing positions within a predetermined range of angular positions by averaging at least the zero-crossing signals within said predetermined range of angular positions;
-filtering the angular signal containing a number of zero-crossing positions exceeding a threshold value within a predetermined range of angular positions for reducing the number of zero-crossing positions;
-performing a linear interpolation for each zero crossing sample; and
-determining the actual zero-crossing position from all zero-crossing positions contained in an interval defined as the angular distance (angular distance) between the nearest homopolar poles, in order to avoid outlier deviations from the result.
The following method may be selected to determine the recalculated zero-crossing position: taking a median value, a mean value, weighting and summing, carrying out linear polynomial fitting by using a percentage sample measured near a zero point to obtain a zero-crossing point, and taking a midpoint of a maximum/small value for a measured zero-crossing position.
The step of filtering the angle signal to reduce the number of zero-crossing positions may be performed even if no overlap of zero-crossing samples is detected.
A standard deviation of the recalculated zero-crossing position is determined and a warning is issued to the user if the standard deviation exceeds a predetermined value.
Different methods may be used for different intervals.
To determine the pole pair length from the zero crossing position, the following steps may be performed:
-preprocessing the angle signal containing the recalculated zero-crossing positions in dependence on the intensity and rate of change of the angle signal at the start of recording relative to the first zero-crossing position;
-determining the length of each pole as the difference between the angular position associated with the rising edge and the angular position associated with the falling edge of the angular signal, the zero-crossing position being associated with said rising and falling edges;
-determining the pole pair length as the sum of the lengths of adjacent positive and negative poles in the pole pair.
For preprocessing the angular signal, the following steps may be performed:
-determining whether the angle signal starts at a zero-crossing position of increasing intensity, and if so, no processing is required;
if the angle signal does not start from a zero-crossing position of increasing intensity
-determining a first zero-crossing position of the intensity increase; and is
-moving the angle signal from the section between the start to the first zero-crossing position where the intensity increases to the end of the angle signal.
To determine the total pitch deviation from the pole pair lengths, the following steps may be performed:
-calculating a pitch deviation (/ pitch error) (pitch error) as a percentage of the theoretical pole pair length divided by the difference between the determined pole pair length and the theoretical pole pair length, the theoretical pole pair length being determined by the structure of the sensor magnetic disk;
-determining the cumulative pole pair length deviation (/ error) for each pole pair length-one mechanical revolution (/ one mechanical revolution) (errors);
-determining a maximum value and a minimum value of the cumulative pole pair length deviation, and then determining the cumulative pitch deviation of the magnetic disk by subtracting the minimum value of the cumulative pole pair length deviation from the maximum value of the cumulative pole pair length deviation.
Interpolation may be used to increase the number of recording points.
The above-described method of determining the cumulative pitch deviation has the following advantages:
the method does not need to have encoders with a large number of local points (native points) or an interpolation stage (interpolation stage) causing extra errors. Instead, a linear entry is performed within the algorithm to find zero-crossing positions (zero-crossing positions), thereby reducing cost and volume.
The method is robust against corner signal noise (robust).
The calculation is based on one complete mechanical revolution, which corresponds exactly to the actual angular length of the magnetic ring.
Calculating the TPD value using the rising or falling edge may give different indications on the design of the magnetizing yoke (zero crossing accuracy, coil arrangement, magnetic eccentricity, etc.).
Drawings
The invention and its advantages may be better understood by studying the detailed description of a series of specific embodiments. The detailed description is given by way of non-limiting example and is illustrated by the following figures, in which:
FIG. 1 shows the main steps of the process according to the invention;
fig. 2 shows a theoretical angle signal and a corresponding zero-crossing signal;
FIG. 3 shows a first corner signal;
fig. 4 shows a second angle signal and the preprocessing performed thereon; and
fig. 5 shows the third corner signal and the pre-processing performed on it.
Detailed Description
The method for determining the position sensor TPD shown in fig. 1 comprises the following steps:
in a first step 1, the angular signal of the mechanical rotation of the position sensor-wheel is recorded for generating a series of sampling points, in particular not less than 18,000 sampling points. In one embodiment, interpolation may be used to increase the number of sampling points. The angle signal is a periodic signal whose intensity varies as a function of the accumulated angle of rotation since the start of the signal recording. It is noted that the angular signal is recorded by the magnetic sensor detecting the magnetic field strength of the magnetic disk as the pole passes.
The accumulated rotation angle is determined by an encoding device including an encoding disk (encoding disk) and an identification sensor (pickup sensor). The code disc contains a number of accurately spaced encoders (encoders) at fixed angles. Each time the identification sensor detects the encoder, its magnetic field is acquired.
The acquisition of the magnetic field strength (also called "acquisition") at a fixed angular position is determined by this design, independent of any increase or decrease in rotational speed. This acquisition cannot be achieved by a clock setting that causes the magnetic field acquisition to occur after a predetermined time has elapsed. Any increase or decrease in rotational speed causes a change in the angular position of the acquisition field.
In a second step 2, the zero-crossing position is determined from the recorded angle signal, steps 2a to 2d being used to achieve this determination.
In step 2a, zero-crossing samples in the angle signal are determined, and a zero-crossing position is determined from the zero-crossing samples. A zero-crossing signal is then generated whose intensity at the zero-crossing angular position is equal to the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the zero-crossing samples, which are located on either side of the zero-crossing angular position. The zero crossing signal is equal to zero elsewhere. Fig. 2 shows the theoretical angle signal and its corresponding zero crossing signal.
It is important to note that the zero crossing position corresponds to the angular position where the angular signal crosses the zero (magnetic field) intensity reference level (base level). In some embodiments, the reference level may be offset (offset) and therefore deleted before the calculation begins.
Due to the noise present in the angle signal, the position of the zero crossing in the signal may differ from the physical position of the magnetic disk at which the sensor theoretically corresponds to the zero crossing position. More precisely, in this case, a plurality of zero-crossing positions may occur in one interval.
In step 2b, the number of zero-crossing positions within at least a predetermined range of angular positions is determined by averaging the zero-crossing signals within said at least predetermined range of angular positions. The number of zero-crossing positions within each predetermined angular position range is compared with a predefined threshold value. If a range contains a number of zero-crossing locations greater than the threshold, the range is considered to contain a large number of clustered zero-crossing locations.
Then, filtering is performed on the angular signal within the range of angular positions having a large number of zero-crossing locations clustered therein to reduce the number of zero-crossing locations.
The above ranges are also checked for overlap of zero crossing samples to determine whether to implement a diagonal signal filtering step. The overlap occurs when a portion of one zero-crossing sample coincides with a portion of another zero-crossing sample. This overlap means that the corner signal is too noisy or that each interval does not contain enough samples.
And if the zero-crossing sample overlap is detected, feeding back error information and stopping calculation.
In step 2c, a linear interpolation is performed for each zero crossing sample. If there is noise in the angle signal, there may be multiple solutions for each interval.
In step 2d, if it is determined that there are multiple zero-crossing locations in a certain interval, the actual zero-crossing locations are recalculated based on all the zero-crossing locations of the interval. In one embodiment, the recalculated zero-crossing locations are determined to avoid outliers (outliers) from deviating from the result.
More precisely, the recalculation of the zero crossing position may select the following method: taking a median value, a mean value, weighting and summing, carrying out linear polynomial fitting by using a percentage sample measured near a zero point to obtain a zero-crossing point, and taking a midpoint of a maximum/small value for a measured zero-crossing position. Calculations were performed using these methods and the standard deviation of all the calculations was determined. If the standard deviation is too high, a warning is issued to the user.
Different methods may be applicable for different intervals.
The length of the pole pair is determined in step 3, which is made possible by steps 3a to 3 c.
In step 3a, the angle signal containing the recalculated zero-crossing position is preprocessed on the basis of the intensity and rate of change of the angle signal at the start of recording relative to the first zero-crossing position. Various different scenarios of corner signal pre-processing will be described further below.
In step 3b, the length in degrees of each pole is determined as the difference between the angular position associated with the rising edge and the angular position associated with the falling edge of the angle signal, with which the zero-crossing position is associated.
Then, in step 3c, the pole pair length is determined as the sum of the lengths of the adjacent positive and negative poles in the pole pair.
In a fourth step 4, the TPD is determined from the pole pair lengths. Steps 4a to 4c make this determination possible.
In step 4a, the pitch deviation is calculated as the percentage of the theoretical pole pair length that is the difference between the determined pole pair length and the theoretical pole pair length. The theoretical pole dependence length is determined by the structure of the sensor magnetic disk.
In step 4b, the cumulative pole pair length deviation of each pole pair length under one mechanical rotation is determined by using equation 2, and then the vector value of tpd (i) is obtained.
In step 4c, the maximum and minimum values of the cumulative pole pair length deviation are determined, and then the TPD of the magnetic disc is determined according to the maximum and minimum values of the cumulative pole pair length deviation using [ equation 3 ], thereby obtaining a single value of the TPD.
Different scenarios for the signal pre-processing performed by step 3a will now be described. The following description focuses on the calculation using the rising edge, and the same principles apply to the calculation using the falling edge.
The first signal shown in fig. 3 is from signal acquisition beginning at the initial stage of the cycle, with a zero crossing position Z1 and a positive rate of change (change). In other words, the signal recording starts when the pole pair is in a position just in front of the magnetic sensor in the position sensor.
Thus, the pole pair length (pole pair length) is calculated as follows:
it is not uncommon to obtain such a signal in actual measurements.
The second signal shown in fig. 4 results from the results acquired when the magnetic field (intensity) increases before the zero-crossing position.
In this case, the portion of the signal containing the last zero-crossing position Z9 is determined by dividing the angle signal by the portion X before the first zero-crossing position0Obtained by moving to the end of the recording. This displacement has the effect of changing a mechanical rotationThe effect of the angle signal recording to modify the angle signal to start at the zero crossing position and to have a positive rate of change. In other words, the resulting angle signal is similar to the first signal described above.
Thus, the pole pair length is calculated as follows:
the third signal shown in fig. 5 results from the acquisition when the magnetic field (intensity) decreases.
In this case, the signal contains the portion X1 of the last two zero-crossing positions (Z9, Z10)0Is obtained by moving the part of the signal containing the first two zero-crossing positions (Z1, Z2) to the end of the recording. Similar to the second signal, this shift has the effect of altering a mechanical rotation angle signal to modify the angle signal to start at the zero crossing position and have a positive rate of change. In other words, the angle signal thus formed is similar to the first signal described above.
Then, the pole pair length is calculated according to the following formula:
the method described above enables the TPD value to be determined even with noisy signals, and the obtained TPD value represents the actual pitch deviation between the angle signal and the pole pair position.
Claims (10)
1. A method of determining a total pitch deviation of a position sensor, said position sensor being provided with a magnetic disc and a magnetic probe, said magnetic disc comprising a pair of magnetic poles, said method comprising the steps of:
-recording the magnetic field strength of a mechanical revolution of the wheel measured by the magnetic detector as an angular signal as a function of the angle of rotation of the magnetic disc;
-determining zero-crossing positions from the recorded angle signal and the determined number of zero-crossing positions:
-determining the pole pair length from the zero crossing position; and
-determining the total pitch deviation from the pole pair lengths.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: for determining the zero-crossing position from the recorded angle signal, the following steps are performed:
-determining zero-crossing samples in the angle signal, the zero-crossing position being determined from the zero-crossing samples;
-generating a zero-crossing signal having an intensity at the zero-crossing angular position equal to the difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the zero-crossing samples, the maximum value and the minimum value being respectively located on either side of the zero-crossing angular position, the zero-crossing signal being equal to zero at other positions;
-determining the number of zero-crossing positions within at least a predetermined range of angular positions by averaging the zero-crossing signals within said at least predetermined range of angular positions;
-filtering the angular signal containing a number of zero-crossing positions exceeding a threshold value within the predetermined range of angular positions for reducing the number of zero-crossing positions;
-performing a linear interpolation for each zero crossing sample; and
-determining the actual zero-crossing position from all zero-crossing positions contained in an interval defined as the angular distance between the nearest poles of the same polarity, in order to avoid outlier deviations from the result.
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the following method is selected for determining the recalculated zero-crossing position: taking a median value, a mean value, weighting and summing, carrying out linear polynomial fitting by using a percentage sample measured near a zero point to obtain a zero-crossing point, and taking a midpoint of a maximum/small value for a measured zero-crossing position.
4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the step of filtering the angle signal to reduce the number of zero-crossing positions is performed even if no overlap of zero-crossing samples is detected.
5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: a standard deviation of the recalculated zero-crossing position is determined and a warning is issued to the user if the standard deviation exceeds a predetermined value.
6. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: different methods are used for different intervals.
7. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that for determining the pole pair length from the zero crossing position the following steps are performed:
-preprocessing the angle signal containing the recalculated zero-crossing positions in dependence on the intensity and rate of change of the angle signal at the start of recording relative to the first zero-crossing position;
-determining the length of each pole as the difference between the angular position associated with the rising edge and the angular position associated with the falling edge of the angular signal, the zero-crossing position being associated with said rising and falling edges;
-determining the pole pair length as the sum of the lengths of adjacent positive and negative poles in the pole pair.
8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that for preprocessing the angular signal the following steps are performed:
-determining whether the angle signal starts at a zero-crossing position of increasing intensity, and if so, no processing is required;
if the angle signal does not start from a zero-crossing position of increasing intensity
-determining a first zero-crossing position of the intensity increase; and is
-moving the angle signal from the section between the start to the first zero-crossing position where the intensity increases to the end of the angle signal.
9. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that for determining the total pitch deviation from the pole pair lengths the following steps are performed:
-calculating the pitch deviation as a percentage of the theoretical pole pair length as a difference between the determined pole pair length and the theoretical pole pair length, the theoretical pole pair length being determined from the structure of the sensor magnetic disc;
-determining the cumulative pole pair length deviation for each pole pair length for one mechanical revolution;
-determining a maximum value and a minimum value of the cumulative pole pair length deviation, and then determining the cumulative pitch deviation of the magnetic disk by subtracting the minimum value of the cumulative pole pair length deviation from the maximum value of the cumulative pole pair length deviation.
10. The method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that: the number of recording points is increased by using an interpolation method.
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| IT102019000022428A IT201900022428A1 (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2019-11-29 | Process for determining the total pitch deviation of a position sensor |
| IT102019000022428 | 2019-11-29 |
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| US (1) | US11460291B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN112880725A (en) |
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| WO2023019678A1 (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2023-02-23 | 美的威灵电机技术（上海）有限公司 | Magnetic encoder |
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| DE19840738C5 (en) | 1998-09-07 | 2007-03-08 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method for semifinishing or finish machining of surfaces of rotationally symmetric sections of workpieces made of hard or hardened material and rotary tool for carrying out the method |
| JP2001289254A (en) | 2000-02-01 | 2001-10-19 | Ntn Corp | Bearing for axle |
| DE10209264B4 (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2005-06-02 | Ab Skf | Method for producing a metal component |
| JP5565418B2 (en) | 2010-01-13 | 2014-08-06 | 日本精工株式会社 | Rolling bearing unit with combination seal ring |
| JP5776925B2 (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2015-09-09 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | Rotation angle detector |
| DE102017218880A1 (en) | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-09 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Bearing unit with a pulse ring and device with at least one such storage unit |
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| WO2023019678A1 (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2023-02-23 | 美的威灵电机技术（上海）有限公司 | Magnetic encoder |
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