CN112879479B - Fluid damper for impact test device - Google Patents
Fluid damper for impact test device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112879479B CN112879479B CN202110201163.6A CN202110201163A CN112879479B CN 112879479 B CN112879479 B CN 112879479B CN 202110201163 A CN202110201163 A CN 202110201163A CN 112879479 B CN112879479 B CN 112879479B
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- Prior art keywords
- valve sleeve
- impact
- cylinder barrel
- piston
- fluid
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
- F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
- F16F9/16—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
- F16F9/18—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
- F16F9/19—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein with a single cylinder and of single-tube type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/3207—Constructional features
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/3207—Constructional features
- F16F9/3235—Constructional features of cylinders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
- F16F9/346—Throttling passages in the form of slots arranged in cylinder walls
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
Abstract
The invention discloses a fluid damper for an impact test device, which is characterized in that: comprises a cylinder barrel, a piston rod, a valve sleeve and an adjusting mechanism; the piston is connected with the bottom of the piston rod, the top of the piston rod extends to the outside of the cylinder barrel and is connected with the impact table, the piston is installed in the cylinder barrel and can move along the length direction of the cylinder barrel, the adjusting mechanism is connected with the valve sleeve, the valve sleeve is installed on the inner wall of the cylinder barrel and can move along the axial direction of the cylinder barrel, an annular groove is formed in the outer wall of the valve sleeve, a plurality of radial holes are formed in the annular groove, the radial holes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the valve sleeve, the inner diameter of the valve sleeve is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the piston, and an annular gap is formed between the radial holes and the valve sleeve; an adjustable valve port is formed between the lower end surface of the valve sleeve and the upper end surface of the piston.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of impact tests, in particular to a cylinder-valve integrated fluid damper with adjustable valve port opening and fluid outflow area.
Background art:
before aerospace, ship equipment, terrorist attack prevention equipment and the like are used, the impact resistance of the equipment needs to be evaluated through an impact resistance test.
On one hand, with the continuous improvement of safety consciousness, the requirement on the shock resistance of equipment is stricter and stricter, and parts and the whole machine need to be subjected to shock performance examination respectively.
On the other hand, with the development demand of equipment, the power of the equipment is larger and higher, the running speed is higher and higher, and the impact environment to be born is severer and severer. This puts higher demands on the performance of the impact testing device.
The passive fluid damper is widely used due to its simple structure and large energy dissipation. High speed impact on heavy equipment means higher energy dissipation, higher working pressure and greater flow. In an impact resistance test, the impulse width of impact is short, the requirement on the waveform of the impact is high, and the impact testing device serving as general equipment needs to meet the requirements of various impact working conditions such as various levels of quality, various levels of speed and the like and different working conditions. The response time and the control power of the existing control valve or control technology are difficult to meet the use requirement.
Particularly, for a severe impact with a pulse width of less than 20ms, the prior art control technology cannot be applied, so that the passive fluid damper is widely adopted in the impact testing device in the prior art. Different impact velocities are required for different devices under test.
Since the local resistance loss of the fluid is proportional to the square of the fluid velocity, the fluid velocity is rapidly decreased at the end of the impact, and the fluid resistance is rapidly decreased, so that the waveform of the impact cannot meet the demand.
In the prior art, a servo valve is also adopted to control generated waveforms, but the servo valve is expensive, the response time, the control flow and the working pressure of the existing servo valve in the market are limited, and the harsh impact requirement of the impact pulse width of less than 20ms cannot be met. When the impact pulse width is larger than 20ms, the mass is larger than 5 tons of heavy-duty equipment, and the impact speed exceeds 5m/s, a plurality of servo valves can be connected in parallel, but the technical scheme can bring about the synchronization problem of the plurality of servo valves. More importantly, the adoption of the servo valve also has the problems of reliability and the like of a control system under an impact working condition.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the defects and defects of the prior art, the invention provides the cylinder-valve integrated fluid damper for the impact test device, so that the impact test device can carry out high-speed and severe impact on heavy-duty equipment, the requirements of various impact working conditions with different mass, different speed, different pulse width and the like and different working conditions are met, and the reliability during impact is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a fluid damper for an impact testing apparatus, characterized by: comprises a cylinder barrel, a piston rod, a valve sleeve and an adjusting mechanism; the piston is connected with the bottom of the piston rod, the top of the piston rod extends to the outside of the cylinder barrel and is connected with the impact table, the piston is installed in the cylinder barrel and can move along the length direction of the cylinder barrel, the adjusting mechanism is connected with the valve sleeve, the valve sleeve is installed on the inner wall of the cylinder barrel and can move along the length direction of the cylinder barrel, the outer wall of the valve sleeve is provided with an annular groove, a plurality of radial holes are formed in the annular groove of the valve sleeve, the radial holes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the valve sleeve, the inner diameter of the valve sleeve is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the piston, and an annular gap is formed between the valve sleeve and the valve sleeve; an adjustable valve port is formed between the lower end surface of the valve sleeve and the upper end surface of the piston.
In one embodiment, the valve sleeve can move under the regulation of the regulating mechanism to change the opening degree of the adjustable valve port; the opening degree of the adjustable valve port is the acceleration stroke of the impact table; when higher impact speed is needed, a longer acceleration stroke is needed, and the valve sleeve can be adjusted to move upwards through the adjusting mechanism, so that the opening degree of the adjustable valve port is increased; when a lower impact speed is needed, a smaller acceleration stroke is needed, and the valve sleeve can be adjusted to move downwards through the adjusting mechanism, so that the opening degree of the adjustable valve port is reduced.
In one embodiment, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the valve sleeve are communicated through a channel, so that the fluid pressure on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the valve sleeve are equal, the fluid acting force on the adjusting mechanism is balanced when the adjusting mechanism is not adjusted, and only the friction force generated by the movement of the valve sleeve is applied when the adjusting mechanism is adjusted.
In one embodiment, the radial holes are gradually shielded during the upward movement of the piston, the area of the fluid outflow is gradually reduced, and a larger fluid resistance is provided in the later period of the impact, and the size and distribution of the radial holes are matched with the waveform of the impact.
In one embodiment, the piston rod moves upwards towards the impact platform before impact, the pressure in the fluid damper is lower when the opening degree of the adjustable valve port is larger, the impact platform accelerates upwards, and the fluid resistance is increased sharply when the piston enters the valve sleeve, so that the impact platform is decelerated to stop.
In one embodiment, a low pressure oil drain port is formed in a side wall of a lower portion of the cylinder barrel, and a high pressure oil drain port is formed in a side wall of an upper portion of the cylinder barrel.
In one embodiment, a throttle valve is provided on the external pipe of the high pressure drain port.
The invention has the main beneficial effects that:
1) the technical problem that the existing control technology cannot control waveforms when the impact test device carries out high-speed severe impact on heavy-load equipment is solved.
2) The impact test device can meet the requirements of the impact test device on various different working conditions of different qualities, different impact speeds, strict requirements on impact waveforms and the like of tested equipment.
3) The technical problem that the impact waveform cannot meet the requirement due to insufficient resistance provided by fluid at the end of impact can be solved.
4) The cylinder-valve integrated fluid damper has the advantages of simple structure, convenient implementation, low cost and high reliability.
5) The fluid outflow channel in the technical scheme of the invention can be gradually reduced along with the displacement of the piston, the change area of the outflow channel is reasonably designed, and the technical problem that the impact waveform cannot meet the requirement due to insufficient resistance provided by fluid at the end of impact can be solved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an internal structure of a fluid damper for an impact testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic view of the internal structure of a valve housing in a fluid damper for an impact testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the illustration:
1-a piston rod,
21-an adjusting mechanism,
22-an adjusting mechanism,
3-cylinder barrel,
4-valve sleeve,
5-radial holes,
6-throttle valve,
7-high pressure oil discharge port,
8-high pressure cavity,
9-low pressure oil drain port,
10-low pressure cavity,
11-a piston,
12-adjustable valve port,
14-an annular groove,
15-channel,
13-impact table.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended that features of the invention be limited to these embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is described in connection with the embodiments for the purpose of covering alternatives or modifications that may be extended based on the claims of the present invention. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be practiced without these particulars. Moreover, some of the specific details have been left out of the description in order to avoid obscuring or obscuring the focus of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally placed when the products of the present invention are used, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have specific orientations, be configured in specific orientations, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be further noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present embodiment can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, a fluid damper for a shock testing device in the embodiment of fig. 1 includes a cylinder 3, a piston 11, a piston rod 1, a valve housing 4, and adjusting mechanisms 21 and 22; the piston 11 is connected with the bottom of the piston rod 1, the top of the piston rod 1 extends to the outside of the cylinder barrel 3 and is connected with the impact table 13, the piston 11 is installed in the cylinder barrel 3 and can move along the length direction of the cylinder barrel 3, the adjusting mechanisms 21 and 22 are connected with the valve sleeve 4, the valve sleeve 4 is installed on the inner wall of the cylinder barrel 3 and can move along the length direction of the cylinder barrel 3, the outer wall of the valve sleeve 4 is provided with an annular groove 14, the annular groove 14 is provided with a plurality of radial holes 5, the radial holes 5 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the valve sleeve 4, the inner diameter of the valve sleeve 4 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the piston 11, and an annular gap is formed between the two; an adjustable valve port 12 is formed between the lower end surface of the valve sleeve 4 and the upper end surface of the piston 11.
Further, the valve sleeve 4 can move under the regulation of the regulating mechanisms 21 and 22 to change the opening degree of the adjustable valve port 12; the opening degree of the adjustable valve port 12 is the acceleration stroke of the impact table, and when the distance between the lower end surface of the valve sleeve 4 and the upper end surface of the piston 11 is increased, the opening degree of the adjustable valve port 12 is increased; when the distance between the lower end surface of the valve sleeve 4 and the upper end surface of the piston 11 becomes smaller, it means that the opening degree of the adjustable valve port 12 becomes smaller.
When the valve sleeve 4 moves under the adjustment of the adjusting mechanisms 21 and 22, the opening degree of the adjustable valve port 12 changes, and the opening degree of the adjustable valve port 12 is also the acceleration stroke of the impact table, so that the requirements of different impact speeds on the acceleration stroke can be met.
When a higher impact speed is required, a longer acceleration stroke is required, and the valve sleeve 4 can be adjusted by the adjusting mechanisms 21 and 22 to move upwards, so that the opening degree of the adjustable valve port 12 is increased.
When a lower impact velocity is required, a smaller acceleration stroke is required, and the valve sleeve 4 can be adjusted by the adjusting mechanisms 21 and 22 to move downwards, so that the opening degree of the adjustable valve port 12 is reduced.
Further, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the valve sleeve 4 are communicated through the channel 15, so that the fluid pressure of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the valve sleeve 4 are equal, the fluid acting force of the adjusting mechanisms 21 and 22 is small when the adjusting mechanisms are not adjusted, and only the friction force generated by the movement of the valve sleeve 4 is applied when the adjusting mechanisms 21 and 22 are adjusted, so that the adjusting mechanisms 21 and 22 are easy to design and operate.
Furthermore, a radial hole 5 is formed in an annular groove 14 of the valve sleeve 4, in the process that the piston 11 moves upwards, the radial hole 5 is gradually shielded, the area of fluid flowing out is gradually reduced, large fluid resistance is provided in the later stage of impact, a high-pressure cavity 8 is formed in a cavity formed by the piston 11, the piston rod 1 and the valve sleeve 4, and if the size and distribution of the radial hole 5 are reasonably designed, the impact waveform can meet the requirement.
Further, before impact, the piston rod 1 moves upwards towards the impact table 13, when the opening degree of the adjustable valve port 12 is larger, the pressure in the fluid damper is lower, at this time, a low-pressure cavity 10 is formed between the inner cavities of the cylinder 3 below the valve sleeve 4, the fluid resistance is small when the impact table 13 moves upwards, so that the impact table can accelerate upwards, when the piston 11 enters the valve sleeve 4, the fluid resistance can be increased sharply along with the gradual shielding of the radial hole 5, an impact is given to the impact table 13, and the impact table 13 can be decelerated gradually to stop.
Further, a low-pressure oil discharge port 9 is formed in the side wall of the lower portion of the cylinder 3, and a high-pressure oil discharge port 7 is formed in the side wall of the upper portion of the cylinder.
It will be appreciated that the low pressure drain port 9 is provided to drain the low pressure chamber 10 and the high pressure drain port 8 is provided to drain the high pressure chamber 8.
Further, a throttle valve 6 is provided on an external pipe of the high-pressure discharge port 7.
The cylinder valve integrated fluid damper disclosed by the invention can meet the impact requirements of heavy load, high speed and severe impact when used in an impact test device.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (7)
1. A fluid damper for an impact testing apparatus, characterized by: comprises a cylinder barrel, a piston rod, a valve sleeve and an adjusting mechanism; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the piston is connected with the bottom of the piston rod, the top of the piston rod extends to the outside of the cylinder barrel and is connected with the impact table, the piston is installed in the cylinder barrel and can move along the length direction of the cylinder barrel, the adjusting mechanism is connected with the valve sleeve, the valve sleeve is installed on the inner wall of the cylinder barrel and can move along the length direction of the cylinder barrel, the outer wall of the valve sleeve is provided with an annular groove, a plurality of radial holes are formed in the annular groove, the radial holes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the valve sleeve, the inner diameter of the valve sleeve is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the piston, and an annular gap is formed between the radial holes and the valve sleeve; an adjustable valve port is formed between the lower end surface of the valve sleeve and the upper end surface of the piston;
the valve sleeve can move under the regulation of the regulating mechanism to change the opening degree of the adjustable valve port; the opening degree of the adjustable valve port is the acceleration stroke of the impact table.
2. The fluid damper as recited in claim 1, wherein: when higher impact speed is needed, a longer acceleration stroke is needed, and the adjusting mechanism adjusts the valve sleeve to move upwards so as to increase the opening degree of the adjustable valve port;
when a lower impact speed is required, a smaller acceleration stroke is required, and the adjusting mechanism adjusts the valve sleeve to move downwards, so that the opening degree of the adjustable valve port is reduced.
3. The fluid damper as recited in claim 2, wherein: the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the valve sleeve are communicated through a channel, so that the fluid pressure on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the valve sleeve is equal, the fluid acting force on the adjusting mechanism is small when the adjusting mechanism is not adjusted, and only the friction force generated by the movement of the valve sleeve is applied to the adjusting mechanism.
4. The fluid damper as recited in claim 1, wherein: in the process that the piston moves upwards, the radial holes are gradually shielded, the area of fluid outflow is gradually reduced, larger fluid resistance is provided in the later stage of impact, and the size and distribution of the radial holes are matched with the waveform of the impact.
5. The fluid damper as recited in claim 1, wherein: before impact, the piston rod moves upwards towards the impact table, when the opening degree of the adjustable valve port is larger, the pressure in the fluid damper is lower, the impact table accelerates upwards, when the piston enters the valve sleeve, the fluid resistance is increased sharply, impact is given to the impact table, and the impact table is decelerated to stop.
6. The fluid damper as in any one of claims 1-5, wherein: and a low-pressure oil discharge port is formed in the side wall of the lower part of the cylinder barrel, and a high-pressure oil discharge port is formed in the side wall of the upper part of the cylinder barrel.
7. The fluid damper as recited in claim 6, wherein: and a throttle valve is arranged on an external pipeline of the high-pressure oil outlet.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110201163.6A CN112879479B (en) | 2021-02-23 | 2021-02-23 | Fluid damper for impact test device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110201163.6A CN112879479B (en) | 2021-02-23 | 2021-02-23 | Fluid damper for impact test device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112879479A CN112879479A (en) | 2021-06-01 |
| CN112879479B true CN112879479B (en) | 2022-03-22 |
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| CN202110201163.6A Active CN112879479B (en) | 2021-02-23 | 2021-02-23 | Fluid damper for impact test device |
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| CN112879479A (en) | 2021-06-01 |
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