CN112877807A - Preparation method of high-strength polypropylene fiber - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength polypropylene fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN112877807A CN112877807A CN202110101842.6A CN202110101842A CN112877807A CN 112877807 A CN112877807 A CN 112877807A CN 202110101842 A CN202110101842 A CN 202110101842A CN 112877807 A CN112877807 A CN 112877807A
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- polypropylene fiber
- toluene
- ethyl cellulose
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- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000005054 phenyltrichlorosilane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- ORVMIVQULIKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(phenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 ORVMIVQULIKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F13/00—Recovery of starting material, waste material or solvents during the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/16—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of non-woven fabrics, and particularly relates to a preparation method of high-strength polypropylene fibers, which comprises the following steps: adding phenyl trichlorosilane into toluene, stirring uniformly, adding ethyl cellulose, performing low-temperature ultrasonic treatment for 30-60min, and standing at constant temperature for 1-3h to obtain an inner core viscous liquid; adding polypropylene into toluene, carrying out low-temperature ultrasonic reaction for 10-20min, and then uniformly stirring ethyl cellulose to form stable mixed solution; carrying out reduced pressure distillation on the mixed solution for 1-3h to form a shell viscous liquid; then spinning the shell layer viscous fluid and the core viscous fluid at constant temperature, and curing to form prefabricated fibers; and (3) putting the prefabricated fibers into absolute ethyl alcohol, performing low-temperature ultrasonic treatment for 20-40min, recovering ethyl cellulose, filtering, standing in a reaction kettle for 50-100min to obtain the polypropylene fibers. The invention solves the problem of insufficient strength of the existing polypropylene fiber, and utilizes the phenyl trichlorosilane to be converted into phenyl silicone resin to form a core system, thereby greatly improving the tensile strength of the polypropylene fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of non-woven fabrics, and particularly relates to a preparation method of high-strength polypropylene fibers.
Background
Currently, nonwoven fabrics, also known as nonwovens, are composed of oriented or random fibers. It is called a cloth because of its appearance and certain properties. The polypropylene fiber is mainly produced by taking polypropylene granules as raw materials through a continuous one-step method of high-temperature melting, spinning, laying a line and hot-pressing coiling. The non-woven fabric has no warp and weft, is very convenient to cut and sew, is light in weight and easy to shape, and is popular with hand fans.
However, when polypropylene fiber is used as the monofilament material of the nonwoven fabric, the nonwoven fabric is not good in tensile strength due to the polypropylene property and is easily broken under a strong force.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of high-strength polypropylene fibers, which solves the problem of insufficient strength of the existing polypropylene fibers, and utilizes phenyl trichlorosilane to be converted into phenyl silicone resin to form a core system, thereby greatly improving the tensile strength of the polypropylene fibers.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of high-strength polypropylene fibers comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding phenyl trichlorosilane into toluene, uniformly stirring, adding ethyl cellulose, performing low-temperature ultrasonic treatment for 30-60min, and standing at constant temperature for 1-3h to obtain an inner core viscous liquid; the concentration of the phenyltrichlorosilane in the toluene is 30-60g/L, and the stirring speed for uniformly stirring is 1000-2000 r/min; the adding amount of the ethyl cellulose is 80-400% of the mass of the phenyltrichlorosilane, the low-temperature ultrasonic temperature is 2-8 ℃, the ultrasonic frequency is 50-90kHz, the constant-temperature standing temperature is 100-110 ℃, the pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa, and the volume of the inner core viscous fluid is 10-20% of the volume of the toluene; and the evaporated toluene is recovered by adopting a cooling method;
step 2, adding polypropylene into toluene, carrying out low-temperature ultrasonic reaction for 10-20min, and then uniformly stirring ethyl cellulose to form stable mixed solution; the concentration of the polypropylene in the toluene is 100-200g/L, the low-temperature ultrasonic temperature is 10-15 ℃, and the ultrasonic frequency is 40-80 kHz; the adding amount of the ethyl cellulose is 2-6% of the mass of the polypropylene, the stirring speed for uniformly stirring is 1000-2000r/min, and the temperature is 90-100 ℃;
step 3, carrying out reduced pressure distillation on the mixed solution for 1-3h to form a shell viscous liquid; then spinning the shell layer viscous fluid and the core viscous fluid at constant temperature, and curing to form prefabricated fibers; the temperature of the reduced pressure distillation is 90-100 ℃, the pressure is 70-80% of the atmospheric pressure, and the volume of the shell layer viscous fluid is 10-15% of the mixed liquid; the volume ratio of the shell viscous fluid to the core viscous fluid is 0.4-2, the spinning amount of the core viscous fluid is 2-4mL/min, the constant-temperature spinning temperature is 110-120 ℃, and the pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa;
step 4, putting the prefabricated fibers into absolute ethyl alcohol, performing low-temperature ultrasonic treatment for 20-40min, recovering ethyl cellulose, filtering, standing in a reaction kettle for 50-100min to obtain polypropylene fibers; the temperature of the low-temperature ultrasound is 10-20 ℃, the ultrasound frequency is 50-80kHz, the humidity in the reaction kettle is 4-8%, and the temperature is 100-110 ℃.
The diameter of the polypropylene fiber is 200-900 nm.
The polypropylene fiber is used for weaving non-woven fabrics, and the non-woven fabrics are used for a mask.
From the above description, it can be seen that the present invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention solves the problem of insufficient strength of the existing polypropylene fiber, and utilizes the phenyl trichlorosilane to be converted into phenyl silicone resin to form a core system, thereby greatly improving the tensile strength of the polypropylene fiber.
2. The polypropylene fiber prepared by the invention still keeps the stable polypropylene characteristic, and simultaneously, the fiber forms a stable gap structure to form permeability, thereby achieving good permeability.
3. The invention realizes the recovery of toluene by utilizing reduced pressure distillation, and the recovery of ethyl cellulose formed by absolute ethyl alcohol greatly reduces the production cost.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the claims.
Example 1
A preparation method of high-strength polypropylene fibers comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding phenyl trichlorosilane into 1L of toluene, uniformly stirring, adding ethyl cellulose, performing low-temperature ultrasonic treatment for 30min, and standing at constant temperature for 1h to obtain an inner core viscous liquid; the concentration of the phenyltrichlorosilane in the toluene is 30g/L, and the stirring speed for uniformly stirring is 1000 r/min; the adding amount of the ethyl cellulose is 80% of the mass of the phenyl trichlorosilane, the low-temperature ultrasonic temperature is 2 ℃, the ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz, the constant-temperature standing temperature is 100 ℃, the pressure is 0.2MPa, and the volume of the inner core viscous liquid is 10% of that of the toluene; and the evaporated toluene is recovered by adopting a cooling method;
step 2, adding polypropylene into toluene, carrying out low-temperature ultrasonic reaction for 10min, and then uniformly stirring ethyl cellulose to form a stable mixed solution; the concentration of the polypropylene in toluene is 100g/L, the temperature of low-temperature ultrasound is 10 ℃, and the ultrasound frequency is 40-80 kHz; the adding amount of the ethyl cellulose is 2 percent of the mass of the polypropylene, the stirring speed for uniformly stirring is 1000r/min, and the temperature is 90 ℃;
step 3, carrying out reduced pressure distillation on the mixed solution for 1h to form a shell viscous liquid; then spinning the shell layer viscous fluid and the core viscous fluid at constant temperature, and curing to form prefabricated fibers; the temperature of the reduced pressure distillation is 90 ℃, the pressure is 70% of the atmospheric pressure, and the volume of the shell layer viscous fluid is 10% of the mixed solution; the volume ratio of the shell viscous fluid to the core viscous fluid is 0.4, the spinning amount of the core viscous fluid is 2mL/min, the constant-temperature spinning temperature is 110 ℃, and the pressure is 0.2 MPa;
step 4, putting the prefabricated fibers into absolute ethyl alcohol, performing low-temperature ultrasonic treatment for 20-40min, recovering ethyl cellulose, filtering, standing in a reaction kettle for 50min to obtain polypropylene fibers; the temperature of the low-temperature ultrasound is 10 ℃, the ultrasound frequency is 50kHz, the humidity in the reaction kettle is 4%, and the temperature is 100 ℃.
The diameter of the polypropylene fiber is 200nm, the porosity of the cross section of the polypropylene fiber is 100PPi, and the fiber strength is 18.7 CN/dt.
Example 2
A preparation method of high-strength polypropylene fibers comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding phenyl trichlorosilane into 1L of toluene, uniformly stirring, adding ethyl cellulose, performing low-temperature ultrasonic treatment for 60min, and standing at constant temperature for 3h to obtain an inner core viscous liquid; the concentration of the phenyltrichlorosilane in the toluene is 60g/L, and the stirring speed for uniformly stirring is 2000 r/min; the adding amount of the ethyl cellulose is 400% of the mass of the phenyl trichlorosilane, the low-temperature ultrasonic temperature is 8 ℃, the ultrasonic frequency is 90kHz, the constant-temperature standing temperature is 110 ℃, the pressure is 0.3MPa, and the volume of the inner core viscous liquid is 20% of that of the toluene; and the evaporated toluene is recovered by cooling
Step 2, adding polypropylene into 1L of toluene, carrying out low-temperature ultrasonic reaction for 20min, and then uniformly stirring ethyl cellulose to form a stable mixed solution; the concentration of the polypropylene in toluene is 200g/L, the temperature of low-temperature ultrasound is 15 ℃, and the ultrasound frequency is 80 kHz; the adding amount of the ethyl cellulose is 6 percent of the mass of the polypropylene, the stirring speed for uniformly stirring is 2000r/min, and the temperature is 100 ℃;
step 3, carrying out reduced pressure distillation on the mixed solution for 3 hours to form a shell viscous liquid; then spinning the shell layer viscous fluid and the core viscous fluid at constant temperature, and curing to form prefabricated fibers; the temperature of the reduced pressure distillation is 100 ℃, the pressure is 80% of the atmospheric pressure, and the volume of the shell layer viscous fluid is 15% of the mixed solution; the volume ratio of the shell layer viscous fluid to the core viscous fluid is 2, the spinning amount of the core viscous fluid is 4mL/min, the constant-temperature spinning temperature is 120 ℃, and the pressure is 0.4 MPa;
step 4, putting the prefabricated fibers into 1L of absolute ethyl alcohol, performing low-temperature ultrasonic treatment for 40min, recovering ethyl cellulose, filtering, standing in a reaction kettle for 100min to obtain polypropylene fibers; the temperature of the low-temperature ultrasound is 20 ℃, the ultrasound frequency is 80kHz, the humidity in the reaction kettle is 8%, and the temperature is 110 ℃.
The diameter of the polypropylene fiber is 900nm, the porosity of the cross section of the polypropylene fiber is 30PPi, and the fiber strength is 16.1 CN/dt.
Example 3
A preparation method of high-strength polypropylene fibers comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding phenyl trichlorosilane into 1L of toluene, uniformly stirring, adding ethyl cellulose, performing low-temperature ultrasonic treatment for 50min, and standing at constant temperature for 1-3h to obtain an inner core viscous liquid; the concentration of the phenyl trichlorosilane in the toluene is 50g/L, and the stirring speed for uniformly stirring is 1500 r/min; the adding amount of the ethyl cellulose is 200% of the mass of the phenyl trichlorosilane, the low-temperature ultrasonic temperature is 5 ℃, the ultrasonic frequency is 70kHz, the constant-temperature standing temperature is 105 ℃, the pressure is 0.3MPa, and the volume of the inner core viscous liquid is 15% of that of the toluene; and the evaporated toluene is recovered by adopting a cooling method;
step 2, adding polypropylene into 1L of toluene, carrying out low-temperature ultrasonic reaction for 15min, and then uniformly stirring ethyl cellulose to form a stable mixed solution; the concentration of the polypropylene in toluene is 150g/L, the temperature of low-temperature ultrasound is 12 ℃, and the ultrasound frequency is 60 kHz; the adding amount of the ethyl cellulose is 4 percent of the mass of the polypropylene, the stirring speed for uniformly stirring is 1500r/min, and the temperature is 95 ℃;
step 3, carrying out reduced pressure distillation on the mixed solution for 2 hours to form a shell viscous liquid; then spinning the shell layer viscous fluid and the core viscous fluid at constant temperature, and curing to form prefabricated fibers; the temperature of the reduced pressure distillation is 95 ℃, the pressure is 75% of the atmospheric pressure, and the volume of the shell layer viscous fluid is 12% of the mixed solution; the volume ratio of the shell layer viscous fluid to the core viscous fluid is 1, the spinning amount of the core viscous fluid is 3mL/min, the constant-temperature spinning temperature is 115 ℃, and the pressure is 0.3 MPa;
step 4, putting the prefabricated fibers into 1L of absolute ethyl alcohol, performing low-temperature ultrasonic treatment for 30min, recovering ethyl cellulose, filtering, standing in a reaction kettle for 80min to obtain polypropylene fibers; the temperature of the low-temperature ultrasound is 15 ℃, the ultrasound frequency is 70kHz, the humidity in the reaction kettle is 6%, and the temperature is 105 ℃.
The diameter of the polypropylene fiber is 500nm, the porosity of the cross section of the polypropylene fiber is 60PPi, and the fiber strength is 17.4 CN/dt.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention solves the problem of insufficient strength of the existing polypropylene fiber, and utilizes the phenyl trichlorosilane to be converted into phenyl silicone resin to form a core system, thereby greatly improving the tensile strength of the polypropylene fiber.
2. The polypropylene fiber prepared by the invention still keeps the stable polypropylene characteristic, and simultaneously, the fiber forms a stable gap structure to form permeability, thereby achieving good permeability.
3. The invention realizes the recovery of toluene by utilizing reduced pressure distillation, and the recovery of ethyl cellulose formed by absolute ethyl alcohol greatly reduces the production cost.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the invention is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified or substituted equally as well to achieve the same technical result; as long as the use requirements are met, the method is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of high-strength polypropylene fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding phenyl trichlorosilane into toluene, uniformly stirring, adding ethyl cellulose, performing low-temperature ultrasonic treatment for 30-60min, and standing at constant temperature for 1-3h to obtain an inner core viscous liquid;
step 2, adding polypropylene into toluene, carrying out low-temperature ultrasonic reaction for 10-20min, and then uniformly stirring ethyl cellulose to form stable mixed solution;
step 3, carrying out reduced pressure distillation on the mixed solution for 1-3h to form a shell viscous liquid; then spinning the shell layer viscous fluid and the core viscous fluid at constant temperature, and curing to form prefabricated fibers;
and 4, putting the prefabricated fibers into absolute ethyl alcohol, performing low-temperature ultrasonic treatment for 20-40min, recovering ethyl cellulose, filtering, standing in a reaction kettle for 50-100min, and thus obtaining the polypropylene fibers.
2. The method for preparing high strength polypropylene fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the concentration of the phenyltrichlorosilane in the toluene in the step 1 is 30-60g/L, and the stirring speed for uniformly stirring is 1000-2000 r/min.
3. The method for preparing high strength polypropylene fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the adding amount of the ethyl cellulose in the step 1 is 80-400% of the mass of the phenyl trichlorosilane, the low-temperature ultrasonic temperature is 2-8 ℃, and the ultrasonic frequency is 50-90 kHz.
4. The method for preparing high strength polypropylene fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the constant-temperature standing in the step 1 is 100-110 ℃, the pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa, and the volume of the core viscous liquid is 10-20% of that of the toluene; and the evaporated toluene is recovered by a cooling method.
5. The method for preparing high strength polypropylene fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the concentration of the polypropylene in the toluene in the step 2 is 100-200g/L, the temperature of the low-temperature ultrasonic treatment is 10-15 ℃, and the ultrasonic frequency is 40-80 kHz.
6. The method for preparing high strength polypropylene fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the adding amount of the ethyl cellulose in the step 2 is 2-6% of the mass of the polypropylene, the stirring speed for uniformly stirring is 1000-2000r/min, and the temperature is 90-100 ℃.
7. The method for preparing high strength polypropylene fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the polypropylene fiber is 200-900 nm.
8. The method for preparing high strength polypropylene fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the polypropylene fiber is used for weaving non-woven fabrics, and the non-woven fabrics are used for a mask.
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CN111636118A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-09-08 | 闽江学院 | Preparation method of multilayer antibacterial fiber based on negative ions |
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2021
- 2021-01-26 CN CN202110101842.6A patent/CN112877807A/en active Pending
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Application publication date: 20210601 |