CN112877500A - Immersed top-blown converter - Google Patents
Immersed top-blown converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN112877500A CN112877500A CN202110223827.9A CN202110223827A CN112877500A CN 112877500 A CN112877500 A CN 112877500A CN 202110223827 A CN202110223827 A CN 202110223827A CN 112877500 A CN112877500 A CN 112877500A
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- spray gun
- furnace
- blowing
- blown
- converter
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- PQTCMBYFWMFIGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Au] PQTCMBYFWMFIGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/32—Blowing from above
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an immersed top-blown converter, which comprises a top-blown converter body, wherein the top of the top-blown converter body is provided with a material inlet and outlet, and an immersed top-blown spray gun is inserted into the material inlet and outlet. The furnace has high reaction efficiency, and materials can be continuously added into the furnace by using the submerged top-blown molten pool for smelting, so that the furnace blowing and charging time is reduced, and the smelting operation rate is improved. Because the immersed top-blown spray gun can be directly inserted into the molten pool, and the cyclone is arranged in the immersed top-blown spray gun, the immersed top-blown spray gun can stir the molten pool violently, the materials are mixed more uniformly, and the reaction efficiency in the furnace is improved. The top-blown converter is provided with the detection rod, so that the melt can be sampled and analyzed at any time, the number of times of blowing out and sampling is reduced, the furnace temperature is kept constant, and the furnace life is longer. The support of the top-blown converter adopts a combined structure of a backing ring and a carrier roller and adopts large and small gear transmission, so that the transmission is more stable and the vibration impact of a converter body is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of submerged top-blown bath smelting, in particular to furnace-rotating submerged top-blown bath smelting.
Background
In the prior art, when materials such as anode mud, heavy nonferrous metal containing materials, municipal solid waste and the like are treated, the immersed top-blown converter which is put into use at present is fixed, and the converter cannot rotate. The spray gun applied to the rotating furnace is mainly a water-cooling spray gun and can not realize submerged molten pool smelting, for example, a Kaldo furnace needs to be provided with a water-cooling burner and a water-cooling supersonic spray gun for smelting, and the Kaldo furnace has the following defects:
1. the energy consumption is high; the external water jacket of the smelting spray gun needs to be cooled by introducing water, the nozzle structure is a Laval nozzle, the melt can be flushed only by supersonic flow velocity, the oxygen-enriched air can be in contact reaction with the melt in the smelting spray gun, the pressure required by the oxygen-enriched air of the spray gun is high, and the power consumption of the pressurized oxygen-enriched air is large.
2. The spray gun is easy to be slag-bonded and blocked; because the spray gun and the burner are water-cooled jackets, slag or melt splashes in a molten state on the gun head and is easily solidified, and the gun head becomes smaller and is finally blocked.
3. The operation is complex; the Kaldo furnace heating needs to heat the intensification through the nozzle, need insert the spray gun during smelting operation, if the stove temperature descends, inserts the spray gun and smelt when, still need insert the nozzle and heat up, and operating personnel need operate nozzle and spray gun simultaneously, and the operation is complicated.
4. A plurality of supporting facilities are provided; in the operation process of the Kaldo furnace, a spray gun and a burner are required to be inserted simultaneously, and a spray gun and a burner lifting device must be matched.
5. Furnace splashing is severe; the Kaldo furnace adopts a supersonic Laval nozzle, and fluid sprayed out at high speed rushes the melt above the melt, so the melt is splashed greatly, and the furnace mouth is seriously slag-bonded.
6. The mixing effect of the oxygen-enriched air and the melt is poor; the supersonic speed spray gun of the Kaldo furnace is mixed with the melt by spraying the oxygen-enriched air sprayed out through the supersonic speed into the melt for mixing, the melt can be only mixed with the oxygen-enriched air at the impact position, the melt far away from the spraying point can not be contacted with the oxygen-enriched air, and the utilization rate of the oxygen-enriched air is low.
7. The Kaldo furnace mixes materials through the self-rotation of the furnace body, the furnace body structure is complicated, the wear of refractory materials is serious, and the wear of refractory materials is fast.
8. The Kaldo furnace extracts the slag sample, must stop smelting and turn the stove to the angle of slagging and can take a sample, can't analyze the composition of the melt in the smelting process of blowing.
9. The Kaldo furnace is discontinuously charged, the furnace must stop blowing and smelting during charging, the charging angle is turned, the charging is discontinuous, the furnace temperature fluctuation is large, and the furnace life is short.
10. The support lug of the Kaldo furnace is directly connected with the driving device, the required moment is large, and the vibration impact of the furnace cannot be overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an immersed top-blown converter.
The invention has the innovation points that the device has simple structure, can realize immersion blowing, is convenient to detect and observe, and the immersion top-blowing spray gun extends into a melt to be smelted to realize the stirring of the melt through the spray gun swirler. The spray gun is vertically inserted into the converter from the top, and materials are continuously added into the converter in the smelting process. The spray gun is cooled by the process air in the spray gun, the temperature of the gun head is high, the melt cannot block the spray gun mouth, and the flow velocity of the immersed top-blown spray gun does not need to be too high because the immersed top-blown spray gun is directly inserted into a molten pool, so that the splashing of the furnace is small. According to the temperature change of the molten pool, the fuel flow of the spray gun is adjusted in real time, and the temperature of the molten pool is rapidly increased, so that the temperature requirement of furnace smelting is met, the efficiency of metal smelting is greatly increased, and the energy is saved. In the smelting process, a detection rod is inserted to extract a melt sample for analysis, and the smelting condition of the melt is mastered in real time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the immersed top-blown converter comprises a converter body and a seal head at the bottom of the converter body, and is characterized in that a converter mouth is arranged at the top of the converter body, the converter mouth is used for adding materials required for smelting, discharging produced slag, discharging metal products and discharging produced smoke, at least one top-blown spray gun and/or at least one detection rod of the converter body are inserted into the converter mouth, and the top-blown spray gun is an immersed spray gun.
Preferably, the top-blowing lance is a lava jet submerged top-blowing lance.
Preferably, the converter body is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the lower section is a straight section, and the upper section is a reducing section which is sequentially reduced from bottom to top. The caliber is reduced, so that different materials can be discharged smoothly by the furnace, for example, metal cannot be directly brought out in the slag discharging process.
Preferably, the top-blowing lance and the detection rod are respectively provided one, the top-blowing lance is vertically inserted into the converter body from the top, and the detection rod is inserted into the converter body from the top furnace mouth for sampling.
Preferably, the top-blowing spray gun is connected with the steel wire rope, the pulley block and the electric winch lifting device to lift vertically.
Preferably, the detection rod is connected with the steel wire rope, the pulley block and the electric winch lifting device to lift vertically.
Preferably, the converter body is provided with symmetrical support lugs connected with a support ring, the support ring is pressed on a carrier roller, the carrier roller can rotate, the carrier roller is supported on a furnace body rotation support seat, and the furnace is rotated by 360 degrees through a driving device. The supporting structure combining the backing ring and the carrier roller is adopted to buffer the furnace vibration in the stirring process of the submerged top-blown spray gun molten pool.
In order to realize the aim of the invention, the invention provides a smelting method of an immersed top-blown converter, which comprises the following steps:
A. firstly, rotating a converter body to be vertical upwards, inserting a top-blowing spray gun into a hearth, and preheating the temperature of the hearth;
B. the top-blowing spray gun firstly feeds a small amount of oxygen-enriched air, the top-blowing spray gun is ignited after fuel is fed according to the oxygen/fuel ratio, the fuel quantity of the spray gun is increased, the oxygen-enriched air flow is increased according to the ratio, the temperature in the furnace body is increased to be more than 900 ℃, and the blanking requirement is met;
C. the blanking process comprises the steps of firstly, slowly adding the material quantity from a furnace mouth in two steps to meet the requirement of fully piling 200-300mm thick materials in a furnace bottom, stopping feeding, improving the fuel quantity of a spray gun, increasing the flame of the spray gun, and lowering a top-blowing spray gun to be close to the surface of the materials to carry out heating and material melting operation;
D. after the first batch of materials are basically melted, slag particles in a splashed molten state can be seen at a furnace mouth, a molten pool is established, the top-blowing spray gun is continuously descended, the spray gun is immersed into the melt, the immersed top-blowing molten pool melting is started, the stirred melt of the materials added into the furnace is fully mixed and melted for reaction, and slag and gold-silver alloy are generated;
E. the detection rod is lowered into the converter body and contacts with the bottom of the converter, then the detection rod is quickly lifted above the converter mouth, the height of the solidified slag hung on the detection rod is measured, so that the depth of a molten pool is determined, and when the depth of the melt is more than or equal to 1.5 meters, feeding is stopped;
F. the condensed slag is sent to inspection and analysis, if the analysis result of the sample contains less than 0.5 percent of Ag, the anode mud is smelted well;
G. stopping smelting, lifting a top-blowing spray gun to the outside of a furnace mouth, dumping the converter body for slag discharge, discharging smelting slag from the furnace mouth, observing the condition of a melt through the furnace mouth, and turning the furnace mouth to be vertical upwards if all slag on the surface is completely removed;
H. blowing operation: the top-blowing spray gun is deeply inserted into a furnace, the spray gun is ignited firstly, the fuel quantity of the spray gun is adjusted after the spray gun is ignited, the flame of the spray gun is increased, the atmosphere of the top-blowing spray gun is adjusted to be oxidizing atmosphere, the spray gun is descended continuously and descends to be close to the surface of the gold-silver alloy melt, the spray gun is firstly utilized to heat and oxidize for slagging, molten slag particles are seen to splash through a furnace mouth, a layer of blowing slag is indicated on the surface of the high-temperature melt, the spray gun is descended continuously, and the top-blowing spray gun is inserted into a molten pool for blowing;
I. after blowing for 2-3 hours, lowering the detection rod to the bottom of the furnace and quickly lifting the detection rod out of the furnace opening, taking a blowing slag sample for analysis, if the content of impurities such as Pb, Sb, Bi and the like in the slag is more than 0.01 percent, indicating that the blowing end point is not reached, continuing blowing, extracting the slag sample every half hour for analysis, and ending the blowing operation until the content of impurities such as Pb, Sb, Bi and the like in the slag is not more than 0.01 percent;
J. refining operation: after the blowing operation is finished, the furnace body is turned to the furnace mouth to be vertically upward, a top-blowing spray gun is inserted, the top-blowing spray gun is ignited firstly, the fuel quantity and the oxygen-enriched air quantity of the spray gun are adjusted, the spray gun is descended to be close to the surface of the melt, the temperature of the melt in the furnace is heated to 1200 ℃, the steps are repeated, firstly, the oxidation refining is carried out on the surface of the melt, if slag particles are splashed out from the furnace mouth, refining slag is found on the surface of the melt, a detection rod is inserted to extract a sample for analysis, and if the content of Te in the sample is low;
K. inserting a top-blowing spray gun into the melt to stir and refine, inserting probe rods at intervals to extract samples to analyze, if Te in the samples is high and indicates that impurities in the gold-silver alloy are low, indicating that refining is finished, pulling out the top-blowing spray gun, rotating the furnace body to a slag-discharging angle, firstly removing refined slag, then pouring out the gold-silver alloy, and finishing the whole operation.
Preferably, the tilting driving device of the top-blown converter adopts large and small gears for transmission, a driving end backing ring is connected with a large gear through a bolt, the large gear is in matched transmission with the small gear, the matched small gear is connected with a speed reducer, and the speed reducer is connected with a motor through a coupling with a brake wheel. The large gear and the small gear are used for transmission, so that the vibration impact in the smelting process of the submerged top-blown molten pool is avoided, the shaking of the submerged top-blown converter is overcome, the furnace is more stable, and the driving device outputs torque.
Preferably, the immersed top-blowing spray gun is a laval jet immersed top-blowing spray gun (the cited patent number: ZL 201921319414.5), the laval jet immersed top-blowing spray gun comprises a gun body, an inner cavity of the gun body is sequentially divided into a mixing section, a conveying section, a rotational flow section and a turbulent flow section from a closed end to an open end, a fuel pipe inserted into the gun body and extending to the turbulent flow section is arranged at the closed end of the gun body, a pressure guide pipe is sleeved outside the fuel pipe in the gun body, a swirler is sleeved on the outer wall of the pressure guide pipe at the rotational flow section, and a plurality of swirlers are sleeved on the outer wall of the pressure guide pipe at the conveying. The whirlcone on the spray gun stirs the molten pool more intensely, the materials are mixed more fully, and the reaction speed is improved. And a plurality of cyclones are arranged, so that the immersed top-blown lance has better high-temperature resistance.
Preferably, the submerged top-blowing lance is inserted vertically into the converter from the top. The uneven stress of inserting the spray gun to one side has been eliminated, and the spray gun is difficult to crooked.
Preferably, the immersed top-blown converter does not rotate, the immersed top-blown lance swirler replaces the rotation of the converter to stir the melt, and the high-speed rotating fluid sprayed by the immersed top-blown lance stirs the melt, so that the material in the converter is heated more uniformly, the material is melted more quickly, and the reaction speed is higher.
Preferably, the immersed top-blown converter adopts air to feed materials into the furnace, overcomes the upward resistance of the smoke in the furnace in the top-blown smelting process, enables the materials to be smoothly fed into the furnace, reduces the smoke carrying away of a large amount of materials in the smelting process, and further realizes the continuous feeding of the materials into the immersed top-blown converter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the furnace has high reaction efficiency, and the immersed top-blown spray gun can be directly inserted into a molten pool and is internally provided with the cyclone, so that the immersed top-blown spray gun can stir the molten pool violently, the materials are mixed more uniformly, and the reaction efficiency in the furnace is improved.
2. The invention has continuous feeding and stable furnace temperature. The submerged top-blown spray gun molten pool is used for smelting, so that materials are continuously added, the smelting is not required to be stopped for feeding, the operation rate of the furnace is improved, and the heat loss of the furnace is reduced.
3. The invention has low energy consumption, and the flow rate of the immersed top-blown lance does not need to be too high because the immersed top-blown lance is directly inserted into the molten pool, and only needs to maintain the flow rate required by cooling the immersed top-blown lance. The oxygen-enriched air pressure in the immersed top-blown lance is low, and the power consumption required by the oxygen-enriched air pressurization is low.
3. The furnace of the invention has small splashing, the spray gun of the immersed top-blown converter is directly inserted into the molten pool, and the fluid sprayed by the spray gun is directly used for pushing the melt to stir, therefore, the splashing of the molten pool is small.
4. The spray gun of the immersed top-blown converter is not easy to block, the immersed top-blown converter is cooled by oxygen-enriched air, the temperature of the gun head is high, even if the gun head is slagging, only the fuel flow of the immersed top-blown converter is required to be improved, the slagging is melted and cleaned by the flame of the spray gun, or the spray gun is directly inserted into a molten pool to be washed up and down, and the slagging of the gun head is flushed away, so that the production continuity of the immersed top-blown converter is higher.
5. The invention has simpler and more convenient operation, and can finish the heating and smelting of the furnace only by one immersed top-blown spray gun.
6. The equipment in the invention has higher safety, and the spray gun of the immersed top-blown converter is cooled by oxygen-enriched air without the risk of water leakage, so that the explosion accident of the furnace caused by water leakage can not occur, and the safety coefficient is higher.
7. The immersed top-blown converter has simple structure and convenient manufacture. The cyclone of the immersed top-blown lance is used to replace the rotary stirring of the furnace, and the top-blown converter does not need to be provided with a self-rotating mechanism of the furnace.
8. The temperature control in the molten pool is more accurate, the spray gun of the immersed top-blown converter is directly inserted into the molten pool, the fuel flow of the spray gun is adjusted in real time according to the temperature change of the molten pool, and the temperature of the molten pool is rapidly increased, so that the temperature requirement of furnace smelting is met.
9. The invention realizes sampling and analysis in the smelting process, inserts the detection rod into the melt in the furnace to extract the melt sample in the smelting process of inserting the spray gun into the furnace, and adjusts the smelting operation in real time through the analysis of the sample, so the operation is more accurate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, an immersed top-blown converter comprises a top-blown converter body 1, wherein the bottom of the top-blown converter body 1 is a seal head, the lower part of the top-blown converter body 1 is a straight cylinder section, the upper section of the top-blown converter body is a diameter-variable section which is sequentially reduced from bottom to top, and the top of the top-blown converter body is a converter mouth 1.1. The furnace mouth 1.1 is inserted with an immersed top-blown lance 2 and a probe rod 3. The furnace mouth 1.1 meets the functional requirements of feeding, smoke discharging, slag discharging, metal discharging and the like. A top-blown converter body 1 is connected with a backing ring 9 through a support lug 8, the backing ring 9 is supported on a carrier roller 10, the carrier roller 10 is supported on a furnace rotation supporting seat, a rotation supporting seat is fixed on a concrete buttress 14, a large backing ring 9 and a large gear ring 11 of a driving end are connected, the large gear ring 11 and a small gear ring 12 are in pairing transmission, the small gear ring is fixed on the concrete buttress 14 and is connected with a top-blown converter tilting driving device 13 through a coupler, and the tilting driving device 13 is provided with a speed reducer, a brake, an alternating current motor, a direct current motor and other equipment. The submerged top-blown spray gun 2 is connected to a first lifting driving device 4 through a guide wheel 5 and a steel wire rope 6, and the first lifting driving device 4 and the guide wheel 5 are connected and fixed with the ground or a support. The detection rod 3 is connected to a second lifting driving device 7 through a guide wheel 5 and a steel wire rope 6, and the second lifting driving device 7 of the detection rod and the guide wheel 5 are fixed on the ground or a support. The first lifting driving device 4 and the second lifting driving device 7 are electric mechanisms, and automatic control is achieved. The submerged top-blown lance 2 is inserted vertically into the converter from the top, and the material is continuously fed into the converter from the furnace mouth 1.1 by air blowing. The submerged top-blown lance 2 is a lava jet submerged top-blown lance.
The specific operation process of treating the copper anode slime by the immersed top-blown converter comprises the following steps:
firstly, the immersed top-blown converter body 1 is rotated to be vertical and upward, the tile-pulling injection immersed top-blown spray gun 2 is inserted into a hearth through the spray gun I lifting driving device 4, if the temperature of the hearth is too low, some wood is thrown into the furnace and ignited, and open fire in the hearth is ensured. A small amount of oxygen-enriched air is firstly introduced into the immersed top-blowing spray gun, fuel is introduced according to the oxygen/fuel ratio, then the lava-jet immersed top-blowing spray gun is ignited, the fuel quantity of the spray gun is increased after the immersed top-blowing spray gun 2 is ignited, the oxygen-enriched air flow is increased according to the ratio, the furnace body is heated through the immersed top-blowing spray gun 2, the temperature in the furnace body is increased to be more than 900 ℃, and the blanking requirement is met.
The blanking process includes two steps, the material amount is added slowly from the charging port on the top of the furnace, the material with the thickness of 300mm is fully piled in the bottom of the furnace, the charging is stopped, the fuel amount of the spray gun is increased, the flame of the spray gun is increased, and the immersed top-blown spray gun 2 is lowered to be close to the surface of the material to carry out heating and material melting operation. When the first batch of materials are basically melted, slag particles in a splashed molten state can be seen at the furnace mouth, the molten pool is established, the immersed top-blown spray gun 2 is continuously descended, the spray gun 2 is immersed into the melt, the immersed top-blown molten pool smelting is started, the sprayed rotating fluid quickly stirs the melt under the action of a swirler of the spray gun, the melt is quickly heated, the blanking is restarted, and the blanking amount is increased. The materials are continuously added into the furnace from the top of the furnace, and the stirred melt of the materials added into the furnace is fully mixed and melted for reaction to generate slag and gold-silver alloy. The detection rod 3 is lowered into the furnace through the second lifting driving device 7 of the detection rod and contacts with the bottom of the furnace, then the detection rod 3 is quickly lifted to the position above the furnace mouth of the top-blown converter 1, the height of the solidified slag hung on the detection rod is measured, the depth of a molten pool is determined, when the depth of a melt reaches about 1.5 meters, feeding is stopped, and the depth of the molten pool can also be determined by calculating the total material adding amount. Knocking down the condensed slag on the detecting rod 3, placing the slag in a sample bag, and sending the sample to inspection and analysis, wherein if the analysis result of the sample contains less than 0.5 percent of Ag, the anode mud is smelted well. Stopping smelting, lifting the immersed top-blown lance 2 out of the converter mouth of the converter 1 through the lance lifting driving device 4, rotating the converter 2 to a slag discharging angle through the tilting device 13, discharging smelting slag from the converter mouth of the converter 2, and if the fluidity of the slag is not good, forcibly pulling the slag out of the converter from the converter mouth through a tool. And observing the condition of the melt through the furnace opening, and if the slag on the surface is completely removed, turning the furnace to the furnace opening to be vertically upward through the furnace tilting device 13.
The immersed top-blown lance 2 is inserted into the furnace through the lance lifting driving device 13, the lance is ignited firstly, the fuel quantity of the lance is adjusted after the lance is ignited, the flame of the lance is increased, the atmosphere of the immersed top-blown lance 2 is adjusted to be the oxidizing atmosphere, and the top-blown converter body 1 enters the converting operation. And continuously descending the spray gun 2 to a position close to the surface of the gold-silver alloy melt, heating and oxidizing the spray gun for slagging, observing that molten slag particles are sprayed out through a furnace mouth, indicating that a layer of blowing slag exists on the surface of the high-temperature melt, continuously descending the spray gun through a spray gun lifting driving device 4, and inserting the immersed top-blown spray gun 2 into the molten pool for blowing. After blowing for 2 hours, the detection rod 3 is lowered to the bottom of the furnace and quickly lifted out of the furnace opening through the second lifting driving device 7 of the detection rod, a blowing slag sample on the detection rod 3 is knocked down for analysis, if the content of impurities such as Pb, Sb and Bi in slag is more than 0.01 percent, the blowing end point is not reached, blowing is continued, and the slag sample is extracted for analysis after half an hour till the content of impurities such as Pb, Sb and Bi in slag is not more than 0.01 percent, the blowing operation end point is reached.
After the immersed top-blown spray gun 2 finishes blowing, the immersed top-blown spray gun 2 is pulled out, the converter 1 is rotated to a slag discharging angle, and blown slag on the surface of the melt is completely removed by means of a special tool so as to facilitate next refining operation. The alloy is scooped by a sample spoon for analysis, the soda addition amount is determined according to the Te content of the alloy, the soda is directly added at the slag-discharging angle, and a certain amount of soda is manually added.
After the converting operation is finished, the furnace body is turned to the furnace mouth to be vertically upward, and the immersed top-blown spray gun 2 is inserted to enter the refining operation. Igniting the immersed top-blown lance 2, adjusting the fuel amount and the oxygen-enriched air amount of the lance, descending the lance to be close to the surface of the melt, heating the melt in the furnace to 1200 ℃, repeating the steps, performing oxidation refining on the surface of the melt, inserting a probe to extract a sample for analysis if slag particles are sprayed out from the furnace mouth, indicating that refining slag exists on the surface of the melt, and if the content of Te in the sample is low, indicating that the refining end point does not exist. The immersed top-blown lance 2 is inserted into the melt to stir and refine, after refining for a period of time, a probe is inserted to extract a sample for analysis, if Te in the sample is very high, which indicates that impurities in the gold-silver alloy are very low, the refining is finished, the immersed top-blown lance 2 is pulled out, the furnace body is rotated to a slagging angle, refining slag is firstly removed, then the gold-silver alloy is poured out, and the whole operation is finished completely.
The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The immersed top-blown converter comprises a converter body and a seal head at the bottom of the converter body, and is characterized in that a converter mouth is arranged at the top of the converter body, the converter mouth is used for adding materials required for smelting, discharging produced slag, discharging metal products and discharging produced smoke, at least one top-blown spray gun and/or at least one detection rod of the converter body are inserted into the converter mouth, and the top-blown spray gun is an immersed spray gun.
2. The submerged top-blown converter according to claim 1, wherein the top-blown lance is a lava-jet submerged top-blown lance.
3. The submerged top-blown converter according to claim 1, wherein the converter body is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the lower section is a straight section, and the upper section is a tapered section which is sequentially reduced from bottom to top.
4. The submerged top-blown converter according to claim 1, wherein there are provided one top-blown lance and one probe rod, respectively, the top-blown lance being inserted vertically into the converter body from the top, and the probe rod being inserted into the converter body from the top mouth for sampling.
5. The submerged top-blown converter of claim 1, wherein the top-blown lance is vertically elevated by connection with a wire rope, a pulley block, and an electric hoist.
6. The submerged top-blown converter according to claim 1, wherein the probe rod is connected to the wire rope, the pulley block and the electric winch lifting device for vertical lifting.
7. The submerged top-blown converter according to claim 1, wherein the converter body is provided with symmetrical lugs connected with supporting rings, the supporting rings are pressed on the carrier rollers, the carrier rollers can rotate, the carrier rollers are supported on the furnace body rotation supporting seats, and the furnace is rotated by 360 degrees through the driving device.
8. A method of smelting a submerged top-blown converter as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
a. firstly, rotating a converter body to be vertical upwards, inserting a top-blowing spray gun into a hearth, and preheating the temperature of the hearth;
b. the top-blowing spray gun firstly feeds a small amount of oxygen-enriched air, the top-blowing spray gun is ignited after fuel is fed according to the oxygen/fuel ratio, the fuel quantity of the spray gun is increased, the oxygen-enriched air flow is increased according to the ratio, the temperature in the furnace body is increased to be more than 900 ℃, and the blanking requirement is met;
c. the blanking process comprises the steps of firstly, slowly adding the material quantity from a furnace mouth in two steps to meet the requirement of fully piling 200-300mm thick materials in a furnace bottom, stopping feeding, improving the fuel quantity of a spray gun, increasing the flame of the spray gun, and lowering a top-blowing spray gun to be close to the surface of the materials to carry out heating and material melting operation;
d. after the first batch of materials are basically melted, slag particles in a splashed molten state can be seen at a furnace mouth, a molten pool is established, the top-blowing spray gun is continuously descended, the spray gun is immersed into the melt, the immersed top-blowing molten pool melting is started, the stirred melt of the materials added into the furnace is fully mixed and melted for reaction, and slag and gold-silver alloy are generated;
e. the detection rod is lowered into the converter body and contacts with the bottom of the converter, then the detection rod is quickly lifted above the converter mouth, the height of the solidified slag hung on the detection rod is measured, so that the depth of a molten pool is determined, and when the depth of the melt is more than or equal to 1.5 meters, feeding is stopped;
f. the condensed slag is sent to inspection and analysis, if the analysis result of the sample contains less than 0.5 percent of Ag, the anode mud is smelted well;
g. stopping smelting, lifting a top-blowing spray gun to the outside of a furnace mouth, dumping the converter body for slag discharge, discharging smelting slag from the furnace mouth, observing the condition of a melt through the furnace mouth, and turning the furnace mouth to be vertical upwards if all slag on the surface is completely removed;
h. blowing operation: the top-blowing spray gun is deeply inserted into a furnace, the spray gun is ignited firstly, the fuel quantity of the spray gun is adjusted after the spray gun is ignited, the flame of the spray gun is increased, the atmosphere of the top-blowing spray gun is adjusted to be oxidizing atmosphere, the spray gun is descended continuously and descends to be close to the surface of the gold-silver alloy melt, the spray gun is firstly utilized to heat and oxidize for slagging, molten slag particles are seen to splash through a furnace mouth, a layer of blowing slag is indicated on the surface of the high-temperature melt, the spray gun is descended continuously, and the top-blowing spray gun is inserted into a molten pool for blowing;
i. after blowing for 2-3 hours, lowering the detection rod to the bottom of the furnace and quickly lifting the detection rod out of the furnace opening, taking a blowing slag sample for analysis, if the content of impurities such as Pb, Sb, Bi and the like in the slag is more than 0.01 percent, indicating that the blowing end point is not reached, continuing blowing, extracting the slag sample every half hour for analysis, and ending the blowing operation until the content of impurities such as Pb, Sb, Bi and the like in the slag is not more than 0.01 percent;
j. refining operation: after the blowing operation is finished, the furnace body is turned to the furnace mouth to be vertically upward, a top-blowing spray gun is inserted, the top-blowing spray gun is ignited firstly, the fuel quantity and the oxygen-enriched air quantity of the spray gun are adjusted, the spray gun is descended to be close to the surface of the melt, the temperature of the melt in the furnace is heated to 1200 ℃, the steps are repeated, firstly, the oxidation refining is carried out on the surface of the melt, if slag particles are splashed out from the furnace mouth, refining slag is found on the surface of the melt, a detection rod is inserted to extract a sample for analysis, and if the content of Te in the sample is low;
k. inserting a top-blowing spray gun into the melt to stir and refine, inserting probe rods at intervals to extract samples to analyze, if Te in the samples is high and indicates that impurities in the gold-silver alloy are low, indicating that refining is finished, pulling out the top-blowing spray gun, rotating the furnace body to a slag-discharging angle, firstly removing refined slag, then pouring out the gold-silver alloy, and finishing the whole operation.
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| CN112877500B (en) | 2024-09-27 |
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