CN112876859A - Preparation method of porous silicon rubber - Google Patents

Preparation method of porous silicon rubber Download PDF

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CN112876859A
CN112876859A CN202110153938.7A CN202110153938A CN112876859A CN 112876859 A CN112876859 A CN 112876859A CN 202110153938 A CN202110153938 A CN 202110153938A CN 112876859 A CN112876859 A CN 112876859A
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silicon rubber
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张爱民
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/28Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/04Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
    • C08J2201/05Elimination by evaporation or heat degradation of a liquid phase
    • C08J2201/0504Elimination by evaporation or heat degradation of a liquid phase the liquid phase being aqueous
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2383/00Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2383/04Polysiloxanes
    • C08J2383/07Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2433/00Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2433/02Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2433/00Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2433/24Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides
    • C08J2433/26Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2483/00Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2483/04Polysiloxanes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2483/00Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2483/04Polysiloxanes
    • C08J2483/05Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K3/36Silica

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of porous silicon rubber, which comprises the following steps of 1), uniformly mixing a component A, a component B, a component C, a component D and a component E; the component A is 100 parts by mass of vinyl-containing polysiloxane, the component B is 5-30 parts by mass of organohydrogenpolysiloxane, the component C is 0.01-1 part by mass of hydrosilylation catalyst, the component D is 20-500 parts by mass of water-containing super absorbent resin, and the component E is 0.1-5 parts by mass of silicone oil surfactant; step 2), carrying out heating curing reaction on the mixture obtained in the step 1) to obtain silicon rubber; the temperature of the heating curing reaction is 50-200 ℃; and 3) drying the silicon rubber obtained in the step 2), and removing moisture to obtain the porous silicon rubber. The porous silicon rubber provided by the invention adopts water as a foaming agent, so that the environment is protected; a large amount of emulsifier is not required to be added, and high-strength mechanical stirring is not required; the pore diameter and the porosity are easy to control.

Description

Preparation method of porous silicon rubber
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of silicone rubber, in particular to a preparation method of porous silicone rubber.
Background
Silicone rubber has excellent physical properties such as heat resistance, cold resistance, electrical insulation, compression set, and the like. The porous silicon rubber foam material is a new developed flexible porous macromolecule elastomer and is prepared by foaming silicon rubber. The characteristics of the silicon rubber and the characteristics of the foam material are combined into a whole, and the silicon rubber sponge can be widely applied to the fields of national defense, aerospace, transportation, electronic industry and the like as high-performance materials such as damping, vibration attenuation, sound insulation, heat insulation and the like.
The foaming method can be classified into a physical foaming method and a chemical foaming method according to whether a foaming agent undergoes a chemical reaction during the formation of cells.
Zhaoqi et al use water as foaming agent, realize the dispersion of water in crude rubber by preparing organosilicon emulsion, and prepare the addition type liquid silicone rubber foam material with the aperture of 200-600 microns by a method of removing water by phase separation through heat after crosslinking is finished.
The Chinese patent 201710816199.9 is to add thermal expansion capsule into silicon rubber to prepare porous silicon rubber sponge. The method uses high-price heat-expandable capsules, and the foaming agent contains toxic substances of acrylonitrile and low-boiling-point alkane.
The Chinese patent 201680008462.5 adopts water as a foaming agent, but because polysiloxane is a hydrophobic polymer, water cannot be directly and uniformly dispersed in silicone rubber, and an emulsifier and a thickening agent are required to be added for dispersion.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing porous silicon rubber by mixing water-containing super absorbent resin and raw silicon rubber and curing and drying the mixture.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: a method for preparing a porous silicone rubber, comprising the steps of:
step 1), uniformly mixing the component A, the component B, the component C, the component D and the component E; the component A is 100 parts by mass of vinyl-containing polysiloxane, and the vinyl-containing polysiloxane is polydiorganosiloxane containing two or more vinyl groups; the component B is 5-30 parts by mass of organohydrogenpolysiloxane, and the organohydrogenpolysiloxane is organohydrogenpolysiloxane containing three or more Si-H bonds; the component C is 0.01-1 part by mass of hydrosilylation catalyst, the component D is 20-500 parts by mass of water-containing super absorbent resin, and the component E is 0.1-5 parts by mass of silicone oil surfactant;
step 2), carrying out heating curing reaction on the mixture obtained in the step 1) to obtain silicon rubber; the temperature of the heating curing reaction is 50-200 ℃;
and 3) drying the silicon rubber obtained in the step 2), and removing moisture to obtain the porous silicon rubber.
Further, the molar ratio of Si-H bonds in the organohydrogenpolysiloxane to vinyl groups in the vinyl-containing polysiloxane is 1-2: 1.
further, the super absorbent resin is a cross-linked network polymer such as polyacrylic acid and salt thereof, polyacrylamide and the like; the water absorption amount of the super absorbent resin in the water-containing super absorbent resin is 10-500 times of the mass of the super absorbent resin; the water-containing super absorbent resin is spherical particles, and the average particle size of the spherical particles is 1-1000 microns.
Preferably, the spherical particles have an average particle size of 10 to 200 μm.
Further, the hydrosilylation catalyst is at least one or more of a platinum-based catalyst, a palladium-based catalyst, a rhodium-based catalyst, a ruthenium-based catalyst, a zirconium-based catalyst, a cobalt-based catalyst, and a nickel-based catalyst.
Further, the silicone oil surfactant is a polyorganosiloxane-polyoxyethylene copolymer.
Further, the porous silicon rubber prepared by the method also comprises a reinforcing agent, wherein the reinforcing agent is silicon dioxide powder; the silica powder is added in an amount of not more than 30 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of component a.
Further, the silica has a BET specific surface area of 100m2/g~400m2(ii)/g; the silicon dioxide is fumed silicon dioxide or precipitated silicon dioxide; the silicon dioxide is treated by a surface treating agent, and the surface treating agent comprises at least one of organopolysiloxane, silazane, chlorosilane and alkoxy silane.
Further, the porous silicon rubber also comprises at least one of a filler and an additive; the filler comprises white carbon black; the additive comprises at least one of pigment, heat-resistant additive, adhesion promoter, release agent and conductive agent.
Further, the pigment comprises TiO2、Fe2O3At least one of carbon black and carbon black; the heat-resisting additive comprises at least one of metal oxide and hydroxide; the adhesion promoter comprises at least one of a carbon-functional silane and a siloxane.
In the above production method, the molecular weight of the vinyl-containing polysiloxane of component A is not particularly limited, and the vinyl-containing polysiloxane may be any of a liquid having a low viscosity to a viscous substance having a high viscosity and not having self-fluidity at room temperature. The component B is a cross-linking agent, and the elastic property of the silicon rubber is reduced if the cross-linking is insufficient; on the other hand, if the crosslinking is excessive, the mechanical strength is deteriorated after curing, and the heat resistance and compression set are deteriorated, so that the molar ratio of the silicon-hydrogen bond in the organohydrogenpolysiloxane to the vinyl group in the vinyl-containing polysiloxane is selected to be 1 to 2: 1, the addition amount of the organohydrogenpolysiloxane is 5-30 parts by mass. The component C is a hydrosilylation catalyst, and is preferably a platinum-series catalyst such as platinum black, platinum chloride, a reactant of chloroplatinic acid and a monohydric alcohol, an olefin-based complex, platinum bisacetoacetate, or the like, in view of the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst. Further, the platinum group catalyst is preferably chloroplatinic acid or Karstedt's catalyst (kastedt catalyst). Wherein the Karstedt catalyst is a platinum (0) complex of divinyltetramethyldisiloxane. The component D is a water-containing super absorbent resin, wherein the super absorbent resin in the water-containing super absorbent resin is spherical particles, and the particle size is 1-100 microns; the spherical super absorbent resin is prepared by carrying out reversed phase suspension polymerization on water-soluble acrylic monomers and salts thereof in an oily solvent, and can absorb water which is hundreds of times or even more than thousand times of the self weight of the spherical super absorbent resin. The component E is a silicone oil surfactant, and the compatibility of the polysiloxane and the water-containing super absorbent resin can be improved by adding the silicone oil surfactant.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the porous silicon rubber provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1) water is adopted as a foaming agent, so that the environment is protected;
2) the water-containing super absorbent resin absorbs water in the resin, free water does not exist, the super absorbent resin is conveniently mixed with the raw silicone rubber, and a large amount of emulsifier is not required to be added and mechanical stirring with high strength is not required;
3) the pore diameter and the porosity are easy to control. The pore diameter of the porous silicone rubber can be controlled by adjusting the particle diameter of the added spherical particles of the aqueous super absorbent resin. The porosity of the porous silicone rubber can be adjusted by the addition amount of the water-containing super absorbent resin.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photograph of example 3
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
100 parts by mass of a vinyl-containing polysiloxane having a viscosity of 740 pas at 25 ℃, 20 parts by mass of an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having a viscosity of 0.5 mPas at 25 ℃, 0.12 part of a platinum catalyst having a platinum content of 1000ppm, 20 parts of a water-containing super absorbent resin (average particle diameter 10 μm, water absorption capacity 50 times), 0.1 part of a silicone oil surfactant and 10 parts of fumed silica were mixed under vacuum, and the mixture was cured by heating to obtain a silicone rubber composition. Drying at 100 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain the porous silicon rubber.
The performance was tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 2
100 parts by mass of a vinyl-containing polysiloxane having a viscosity of 740 pas at 25 ℃, 30 parts by mass of an organohydrogenpolysiloxane, 1 part of a platinum-containing platinum catalyst having a platinum content of 1000ppm, 500 parts of a water-containing super absorbent resin (having an average particle diameter of 200 μm and a water absorption capacity of 50 times), 5 parts of a silicone oil surfactant, and 10 parts of fumed silica were mixed under vacuum, and heat-cured to obtain a silicone rubber composition. Drying at 100 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain the porous silicon rubber.
The performance was tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 3
100 parts by mass of a vinyl-containing polysiloxane having a viscosity of 740 pas at 25 ℃, 5 parts by mass of an organohydrogenpolysiloxane, 0.05 part of a platinum-containing carboplatin catalyst having a platinum content of 1000ppm, 50 parts of a water-containing super absorbent resin (average particle diameter 100 μm, water absorption capacity 30 times), 1 part of a silicone oil surfactant, and 30 parts of fumed silica were mixed under vacuum, and heat-cured to obtain a silicone rubber composition. Drying at 100 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain the porous silicon rubber.
The performance was tested and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 4
100 parts by mass of a vinyl-containing polysiloxane having a viscosity of 740 pas at 25 ℃, 20 parts by mass of an organohydrogenpolysiloxane, 0.5 part of a platinum-containing carboplatin catalyst having a platinum content of 1000ppm, 100 parts of a water-containing super absorbent resin (having an average particle diameter of 30 μm and a water absorption capacity of 30 times), 0.5 part of a silicone oil surfactant, and 30 parts of fumed silica were mixed under vacuum, and heat-cured to obtain a silicone rubber composition. Drying at 100 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain the porous silicon rubber.
The performance was tested and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002933789290000061
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of porous silicon rubber is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1), uniformly mixing the component A, the component B, the component C, the component D and the component E; the component A is 100 parts by mass of vinyl-containing polysiloxane, and the vinyl-containing polysiloxane is polydiorganosiloxane containing two or more vinyl groups; the component B is 5-30 parts by mass of organohydrogenpolysiloxane, and the organohydrogenpolysiloxane is organohydrogenpolysiloxane containing three or more Si-H; the component C is 0.01-1 part by mass of hydrosilylation catalyst, the component D is 20-500 parts by mass of water-containing super absorbent resin, and the component E is 0.1-5 parts by mass of silicone oil surfactant;
step 2), carrying out heating curing reaction on the mixture obtained in the step 1) to obtain silicon rubber; the temperature of the heating curing reaction is 50-200 ℃;
and 3) drying the silicon rubber obtained in the step 2), and removing moisture to obtain the porous silicon rubber.
2. The method for preparing a porous silicone rubber according to claim 1, wherein: the molar ratio of Si-H in the organohydrogenpolysiloxane to vinyl in the vinyl-containing polysiloxane is 1-2: 1.
3. the method for preparing a porous silicone rubber according to claim 1, wherein: the super absorbent resin is polyacrylic acid and salt thereof, and polyacrylamide cross-linked network polymer; the water absorption amount of the super absorbent resin in the water-containing super absorbent resin is 10-500 times of the mass of the super absorbent resin; the water-containing super absorbent resin is spherical particles, and the average particle size of the spherical particles is 1-1000 microns.
4. The method for preparing a porous silicone rubber according to claim 3, wherein: the spherical particles have an average particle size of 10 to 200 μm.
5. The method for preparing a porous silicone rubber according to claim 1, wherein: the hydrosilylation catalyst is at least one or more of platinum catalyst, palladium catalyst, rhodium catalyst, ruthenium catalyst, zirconium catalyst, cobalt catalyst and nickel catalyst.
6. The method for preparing a porous silicone rubber according to claim 1, wherein: the silicone oil surfactant is a polyorganosiloxane-polyoxyethylene copolymer.
7. The method for producing a porous silicone rubber according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the porous silicon rubber prepared by the method also comprises a reinforcing agent, wherein the reinforcing agent is silicon dioxide powder; the silica powder is added in an amount of not more than 30 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of component a.
8. The method for preparing a porous silicone rubber according to claim 7, wherein: the silica has a BET specific surface area of 100m2/g~400m2(ii)/g; the silicon dioxide is fumed silicon dioxide or precipitated silicon dioxide; the silicon dioxide is treated by a surface treating agent, and the surface treating agent comprises at least one of organopolysiloxane, silazane, chlorosilane and alkoxy silane.
9. The method for preparing a porous silicone rubber according to claim 8, wherein: the porous silicon rubber also comprises at least one of a filler and an additive; the filler comprises white carbon black; the additive comprises at least one of pigment, heat-resistant additive, adhesion promoter, release agent and conductive agent.
10. The method for preparing a porous silicone rubber according to claim 9, wherein: the pigment comprises TiO2、Fe2O3At least one of carbon black and carbon black; the heat-resisting additive comprises at least one of metal oxide and hydroxide; the adhesion promoter comprises at least one of a carbon-functional silane and a siloxane.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117801772A (en) * 2023-11-30 2024-04-02 广东大友建材科技有限公司 Silicone sealant containing natural fibers and preparation method and application thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117801772A (en) * 2023-11-30 2024-04-02 广东大友建材科技有限公司 Silicone sealant containing natural fibers and preparation method and application thereof

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