CN112876183A - Plant-growing light porous concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Plant-growing light porous concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112876183A
CN112876183A CN202110226598.6A CN202110226598A CN112876183A CN 112876183 A CN112876183 A CN 112876183A CN 202110226598 A CN202110226598 A CN 202110226598A CN 112876183 A CN112876183 A CN 112876183A
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total weight
concrete
plant
sludge ceramsite
reducing agent
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CN112876183B (en
Inventor
曹擎宇
庄慧
崔守臣
郝挺宇
于英俊
邵彦超
宋家茂
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Jinhua Hengtong Engineering Detection Co ltd
Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co Ltd MCC Group
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Jinhua Hengtong Engineering Detection Co ltd
Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co Ltd MCC Group
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/08—Slag cements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/04—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by tamping or ramming
    • B28B1/045—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by tamping or ramming combined with vibrating or jolting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B28B1/087—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B28B1/093—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means directly acting on the material, e.g. by cores wholly or partly immersed in the material or elements acting on the upper surface of the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B28B11/245—Curing concrete articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/022—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form combined with vibrating or jolting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/08—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials

Abstract

The invention provides a novel processA plant-growing light porous concrete and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of concrete materials. The invention provides a plant-growing lightweight porous concrete which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300 portions of Portland slag cement; 90-100 parts of water; 30-40 parts of river sand; 700 portions of sludge ceramsite and 800 portions of sludge ceramsite; 50-75 parts of fly ash; 10-15 parts of silica fume; 20-25 parts of acrylic emulsion; 5.5-8 parts of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent. The prepared bulk density is 1200-1300 kg/m3The light porous concrete with the porosity of 22-27 percent, the 56d compressive strength of more than 10MPa and the pH value of the pore solution of 9.8-10.2 effectively reduces the pH value of the pore solution of the concrete and solves the technical problems of plant growth and ecological protection of the collapsible loess slope in the porous concrete.

Description

Plant-growing light porous concrete and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete materials, in particular to plant-growing lightweight porous concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The plant-growing type porous concrete is an eco-friendly concrete in which plants can directly grow, and is a new technology for introducing plants into a concrete structure. Due to the existence of the continuous pores, space is provided for the growth of the roots and stems of the plants, the flow of moisture and air is facilitated, and the plants can be planted on the porous concrete by adopting proper measures. The method is characterized in that the sprayable concrete prepared from expanded, plant-applicable and water-saturated polymer and porous concrete is sprayed on the surface of the slope, the root and stem of the plant can be deeply planted in the pores of the porous concrete to realize the stability of the slope, and the method can be applied to the engineering of coverings of rivers, roads, fields and the like.
In chinese patent application document CN109503052A, a plant growing porous concrete and its preparation method and application are disclosed, which comprises one or more of the following components: the plant-growing porous concrete comprises cement, water, sand, stones, lightweight aggregate, a water reducing agent, a concrete modifier A and a concrete modifier B, wherein the plant-growing porous concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 350 parts of cement, 70-120 parts of water, 800 parts of sand, 600 parts of stones, 400 parts of light aggregate and 2-4 parts of water reducing agent; 1-3 parts of a concrete modifier A and 1-3 parts of a concrete modifier B. The concrete modifier A and the concrete modifier B are both additives which can rapidly build a base material suitable for plant growth, stabilize the base material, resist the strong rainstorm and wash and are mixed with cement for use. In the raw materials, the cement adopts low alkalinity P.O.42.5, the sand adopts medium sand, the stones adopt 05-10 mm-grade sand gravel, and the lightweight aggregate adopts 05-10 mm-grade lightweight aggregate. The concrete volume weight in the scheme is overlarge, and the alkalinity of the concrete pore solution is larger, so that the plant growth is not facilitated.
In chinese patent application document CN102825648A, a method for preparing vegetation porous concrete is disclosed, in which the porosity of concrete prepared with current stones is calculated; the porosity of concrete (aggregate volume per unit volume of cementitious slurry in 1 unit volume) × 100%, [ 10.2038 (10.399) ] × 100%, (19.52%); the resulting porosity is within the desired porosity range. Then, calculating the dosage of the cementing slurry in unit volume; the fluidity of the cementing slurry is 196mm, the water-to-gel ratio is 0.27, and the density of the cementing slurry is 2053kg/m 3. The dosage of the cementing slurry in unit volume is equal to the volume of the cementing slurry in unit volume and the density of the cementing slurry is 0.2038m3 x 2053kg/m3 is 418.4kg, namely the dosage of the cementing slurry in unit volume of the concrete needs to be 418.4 kg. According to the water-glue ratio, the consumption of the glue material is 329.4kg, and the consumption of the water is 89.0 kg. The dosage of each material in unit volume is as follows: cement, fly ash, pebble and water, 263.5:65.9:1635: 89.0. The material adopted in the scheme is cement, coal ash, stone and water, the mixture ratio of the cement, the coal ash, the stone and the water is 263.5:65.9:1635:89.0, the concrete bulk density is overlarge, the alkalinity of a concrete pore solution is large, the void ratio is less than 20%, and the plant growth with a thick root system is not favorable.
The prior art has at least the following disadvantages:
1. the weight is great, because each cubic meter of concrete adopts more than 1.2 tons of broken stones, the volume weight of the concrete is generally more than 2400kg/m3, and because the void ratio of the concrete is large, the cementing material can not form the bond well, and the prepared concrete product is very easy to crack;
2. the forming process is simple and crude, a traditional concrete vibrating mode is generally adopted, the leakage of cement paste is serious, the material consumption in the mixing proportion is deviated, and the bonding effect between stones is very poor;
3. the alkalinity of the gaps is large, the growth of plants is not facilitated, the PH value of the common porous concrete is greater than 12, the porous concrete is strong in alkalinity, common herbaceous plants cannot grow, and the plants can normally grow only in the environment with the PH value of 6-9.5.
4. The porosity and strength matching performance is poor, the general porosity is more than 20%, the compressive strength is less than 8Mpa, the porosity is more than 25%, the compressive strength is about 5Mpa, the invention embodies the porosity is 25%, the compressive strength is 10Mpa, the volume weight is 1400kg/m3, the pH value of a pore solution is less than 10.2, and the traditional porous concrete is endowed with the concepts of light weight, large porosity, proper strength and low alkali.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the light porous concrete capable of being planted and the preparation method thereof, which comprises the components of slag portland cement, water, river sand, sludge ceramsite, fly ash, silica fume, acrylic emulsion and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent; the components are mixed according to the following weight portions: 300 portions of Portland slag cement; 90-100 parts of water; 30-40 parts of river sand; 700 portions of sludge ceramsite and 800 portions of sludge ceramsite; 50-75 parts of fly ash; 10-15 parts of silica fume; 20-25 parts of acrylic emulsion; 5.5-8 parts of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent. Meanwhile, the slurry of the invention is formed by vibration when the fluidity is between 150mm and 170mm, is formed by a method combining vibration and rolling when the fluidity is between 170mm and 180mm, and is formed by rolling when the fluidity is between 180mm and 200mm, and the forming process is divided into two stages of slurry filling and rolling. The invention prepares the lightweight porous concrete with the porosity of 20-25 percent and the 28d compressive strength of 10MPa, effectively reduces the pH value of a concrete pore solution and solves the technical problems of slope protection and vegetation.
The invention provides plant-growing lightweight porous concrete which comprises the components of portland slag cement, water, river sand, sludge ceramsite, fly ash, silica fume, acrylic emulsion and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent;
the components are mixed according to the following weight portions:
portland slag cement W3Portion, W3260-; water W6Portion, W690-100; river sand W4Portion, W430-40; sludge ceramsite W1Portion, W1700-; fly ash W2Portion, W250-75; silica fume W5Portion, W510-15; acrylic emulsion W7Portion, W720-25; polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent W8Portion, W8＝5.5-8。
Preferably, the weight portion of the sludge ceramsite with the particle size of 5-10mm is 3:7, and the weight portion of the sludge ceramsite with the particle size of 16-20mm is 3: 7.
Preferably, the slag portland cement adopts 52.5# slag sulphoaluminate cement.
The invention provides a preparation method of the plant-growing lightweight porous concrete, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the fly ash with the total weight of W2The total weight of slag portland cement W3Total weight of river sand W4Total weight of silica fume W5And the total weight of the sludge ceramsite W1One third 1/3W1Mixing and stirring for T1 time;
adding water in the total weight portion W6One half 1/2W6Acrylic emulsion total weight part W7One half 1/2W7And polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with total weight portion W8One half 1/2W8Then mixing and stirring for T2 time;
adding the sludge ceramsite with the total weight of W1One third 1/3W1Adding the total weight of water W6One fourth 1/4W6Acrylic emulsion total weight part W7One fourth 1/4W7And polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with total weight portion W8One fourth of1/4W8Mixing and stirring for T3 time;
then adding the sludge ceramsite with the total weight part of W1One third 1/3W1Adding the total weight of water W6One fourth 1/4W6Acrylic emulsion total weight part W7One fourth 1/4W7And polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with total weight portion W8One fourth 1/4W8Mixing and stirring for T4 time to complete stirring;
wherein the total weight of the slag portland cement is W3Portion, W3260-; total weight of water W6Portion, W690-100; total weight of river sand W4Portion, W430-40; sludge ceramsite total weight portion W1Portion, W1700-; total weight of fly ash W2Portion, W250-75; total weight of silica fume W5Portion, W510-15; total weight part of acrylic emulsion W7Portion, W720-25; total weight of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent W8Portion, W8＝5.5-8。
Preferably, T1 is at least 15s, T2 is at least 30s, T3 is at least 30s, and T4 is at least 60 s.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of pouring out the slurry and carrying out the forming step after the stirring is completed.
Preferably, in the forming step, the forming is carried out by selecting vibration or rolling or a method combining vibration and rolling according to the fluidity of the cement paste.
Preferably, the slurry is formed by vibration when the fluidity of the slurry is between 150mm and 170mm, by a method combining vibration and rolling when the fluidity of the slurry is between 170mm and 180mm, and by rolling when the fluidity of the slurry is between 180mm and 200 mm.
Preferably, after the forming step, an alkali-reducing soaking step is further included, and the alkali-reducing soaking step specifically includes:
after the concrete is formed and hardened, immediately putting the concrete into a solution in which 10-15% of ferric chloride and the permanent coagulation liquid are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and soaking for T5 time;
and after soaking for T5 time, taking out the concrete test piece from the solution, placing the concrete test piece under standard curing conditions which meet the standard curing regulations of the test piece in the GB/T50081 standard, and curing the concrete test piece to a set curing age.
Preferably, T5 is equal to or greater than 14 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention adopts the sludge ceramsite, the slag portland cement, the fly ash, the silica fume, the river sand, the acrylic acid emulsion, the polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and other multi-element cementing materials, and the cement adopts the slag portland cement, thereby effectively reducing the pH value of the concrete pore solution and solving the technical problem of vegetation;
(2) according to the invention, ferric chloride and the permanent coagulation liquid are adopted to soak the formed concrete for reducing alkali, so that the alkalinity of the concrete is reduced, and the pH value of the concrete meets the condition of plant growth;
(3) the invention also provides a forming process combining rolling and vibration for the adopted sludge ceramsite, slag portland cement, fly ash, silica fume, river sand, acrylic emulsion, polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and other multi-element cementing materials, and prepares the lightweight porous concrete with the porosity of 20-25% and the 28d compressive strength of 10MPa, thereby solving the technical problem of slope protection;
(4) the invention provides a four-step stirring process, which gradually feeds materials to ensure that the surface of the stone is fully wrapped by the slurry of the cementing material, ensures that the materials are fully stirred, and improves the cohesiveness and the fluidity of the concrete;
(5) according to the slurry fluidity of the mixed concrete, the invention provides a forming process combining vibration forming and rolling forming, and ensures the integrity and the bottom gap communication of the light ecological porous concrete.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of making a plant-grown lightweight cellular concrete according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a sequence diagram of tamping positions of the rolling process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-2.
The invention provides plant-growing lightweight porous concrete which comprises the components of portland slag cement, water, river sand, sludge ceramsite, fly ash, silica fume, acrylic emulsion and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent;
the components are mixed according to the following weight portions:
portland slag cement W3Portion, W3260-; water W6Portion, W690-100; river sand W4Portion, W430-40; sludge ceramsite W1Portion, W1700-; fly ash W2Portion, W250-75; silica fume W5Portion, W510-15; acrylic emulsion W7Portion, W720-25; polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent W8Portion, W8＝5.5-8。
As a preferred embodiment, the sludge ceramsite is prepared from sludge ceramsite with the particle size of 5-10mm, and sludge ceramsite with the particle size of 16-20mm, wherein the weight ratio of the sludge ceramsite is 3: 7.
As a preferred embodiment, the Portland slag cement is 52.5# sulphoaluminate slag cement.
The invention provides a preparation method of the plant-growing lightweight porous concrete, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the fly ash with the total weight of W2The total weight of slag portland cement W3Total weight of river sand W4Total weight of silica fume W5And the total weight of the sludge ceramsite W1One third 1/3W1Mixing and stirring for T1 time;
adding water in the total weight portion W6One half 1/2W6Acrylic emulsion total weight part W7One half 1/2W7And polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with total weight portion W8One half 1/2W8Then mixing and stirring for T2 time;
adding the sludge ceramsite with the total weight of W1One third 1/3W1Adding the total weight of water W6One fourth 1/4W6Acrylic emulsion total weight part W7One fourth 1/4W7And polycarboxylic acidsTotal weight of acid water reducing agent W8One fourth 1/4W8Mixing and stirring for T3 time;
then adding the sludge ceramsite with the total weight part of W1One third 1/3W1Adding the total weight of water W6One fourth 1/4W6Acrylic emulsion total weight part W7One fourth 1/4W7And polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with total weight portion W8One fourth 1/4W8Mixing and stirring for T4 time to complete stirring;
wherein the total weight of the slag portland cement is W3Portion, W3260-; total weight of water W6Portion, W690-100; total weight of river sand W4Portion, W430-40; sludge ceramsite total weight portion W1Portion, W1700-; total weight of fly ash W2Portion, W250-75; total weight of silica fume W5Portion, W510-15; total weight part of acrylic emulsion W7Portion, W720-25; total weight of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent W8Portion, W8＝5.5-8。
The equal division in the processing technology of the concrete material does not need to be precise average division, and each part of the weight does not exceed 5 percent.
In a preferred embodiment, T1 is at least 15s, T2 is at least 30s, T3 is at least 30s, and T4 is at least 60 s. This time is a lot of experiments, only long and not short, but too long and electricity consuming and not obvious, and the time is the best price.
In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the step of pouring out the slurry and performing the forming step after the stirring is completed.
In the forming step, vibration or rolling or a method combining vibration and rolling is selected according to the fluidity of the cement paste as a preferred embodiment.
In a preferred embodiment, the slurry is formed by vibration when the fluidity of the slurry is between 150mm and 170mm, by a method combining vibration and rolling when the fluidity of the slurry is between 170mm and 180mm, and by rolling when the fluidity of the slurry is between 180mm and 200 mm.
The pressure of the rolling forming device is generally the dead weight of the device, generally 0.5Mpa, and the matching method of the fluidity and the forming process is summarized by a large number of tests and can ensure the compactness of concrete and the caking property between ceramsite.
As a preferred embodiment, the forming process is divided into two stages of slurry filling and rolling; and in the filling stage, the template is filled with the stirred slurry.
In a preferred embodiment, the manual insertion and rolling is performed from the top down and from the side inwards by using a vibrating rod. In the prior art, vibration is generally carried out firstly, and then rolling is carried out. The invention adopts the way of firstly inserting and tamping and then rolling, wherein the inserting and tamping adopts the way of firstly inserting and tamping the periphery, then the middle and inserting and tamping the spacer blocks, so that the concrete is concentrated towards the middle as much as possible, and can gradually expand outwards after the middle is compacted, and finally the outer part is compacted.
And pressing the rolling device on the surface of the concrete to increase the cohesiveness among the ceramsite until the concrete is completely hardened.
Because the cement and sand consumption of the porous concrete is low, the fluidity of the concrete is lower than that of the gravel concrete, the concrete cannot be molded by a vibration method alone, and the compaction of the fresh concrete can be ensured only by combining the vibration method and the insertion method according to the fluidity.
As a preferred embodiment, after the forming step, an alkali-reducing soaking step is further included, and the alkali-reducing soaking step specifically includes:
after the concrete is formed and hardened, immediately putting the concrete into a solution in which 10-15% of ferric chloride and the permanent coagulation liquid are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and soaking for T5 time;
and after soaking for T5 time, taking out the concrete test piece from the solution, placing the concrete test piece under standard curing conditions which meet the standard curing regulations of the test piece in the GB/T50081 standard, and curing the concrete test piece to a set curing age. The maintenance age is here generally 28 days or 56 days.
As herbaceous plants are planted in later-stage concrete, roots of the plants are rooted in concrete pores, the alkalinity in a concrete pore solution is too strong to be beneficial to the growth of the plants, the PH value of the environment required by the growth of the plants is generally within the range of 6.0-10.0, and the PH value is higher than 11.0, so that the conventional herbaceous plants cannot grow, and the formed concrete is subjected to alkali reduction treatment.
The invention utilizes the chemical reaction of ferric chloride and alkali in concrete to generate ferric oxide which is insoluble in water, and the chemical reaction of permanent coagulation liquid and free alkali in concrete to generate stable dendritic crystal colloid and reduce the alkalinity of a pore solution in the concrete. The traditional alkali reducing process adopts the method of soaking in ferrous sulfate solution, but tests show that the capacity of the ferrous sulfate solution for reducing the alkalinity in the concrete is lower than that of the method of the invention.
In a preferred embodiment, T5 is 14 days or longer.
Example 1
The details of the invention are set forth below in detail in accordance with a specific embodiment of the invention.
The invention provides plant-growing lightweight porous concrete which comprises the components of portland slag cement, water, river sand, sludge ceramsite, fly ash, silica fume, acrylic emulsion and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent;
the components are mixed according to the following weight portions:
portland slag cement W3Portion, W3260-; water W6Portion, W690-100; river sand W4Portion, W430-40; sludge ceramsite W1Portion, W1700-; fly ash W2Portion, W250-75; silica fume W5Portion, W510-15; acrylic emulsion W7Portion, W720-25; polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent W8Portion, W8＝5.5-8。
The sludge ceramsite is prepared from 16-20mm sludge ceramsite with the particle size of 5-10mm, wherein the weight ratio of the sludge ceramsite is 3: 7.
The slag silicate cement adopts No. 52.5 slag sulphoaluminate cement.
The invention provides a preparation method of the plant-growing lightweight porous concrete, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the fly ash with the total weight of W2Silicic acid slagTotal weight of salt cement W3Total weight of river sand W4Total weight of silica fume W5And the total weight of the sludge ceramsite W1One third 1/3W1Mixing and stirring for T1 time; where T1 takes the value 15 s;
adding water in the total weight portion W6One half 1/2W6Acrylic emulsion total weight part W7One half 1/2W7And polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with total weight portion W8One half 1/2W8Then mixing and stirring for T2 time; where T2 takes the value 30 s;
adding the sludge ceramsite with the total weight of W1One third 1/3W1Adding the total weight of water W6One fourth 1/4W6Acrylic emulsion total weight part W7One fourth 1/4W7And polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with total weight portion W8One fourth 1/4W8Mixing and stirring for T3 time; where T3 takes the value 30 s;
then adding the sludge ceramsite with the total weight part of W1One third 1/3W1Adding the total weight of water W6One fourth 1/4W6Acrylic emulsion total weight part W7One fourth 1/4W7And polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with total weight portion W8One fourth 1/4W8Mixing and stirring for T4 time to complete stirring; where T4 takes the value 60 s.
Wherein the total weight of the slag portland cement is W3Portion, W3260-; total weight of water W6Portion, W690-100; total weight of river sand W4Portion, W430-40; sludge ceramsite total weight portion W1Portion, W1700-; total weight of fly ash W2Portion, W250-75; total weight of silica fume W5Portion, W510-15; total weight part of acrylic emulsion W7Portion, W720-25; total weight of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent W8Portion, W8＝5.5-8。
Pouring out the slurry after stirring is finished, and carrying out a forming step;
in the forming step, according to the fluidity of the cement paste, the forming is carried out by selecting vibration or rolling or a method combining the vibration and the rolling.
In the forming step, the slurry is formed by vibration when the fluidity of the slurry is between 150mm and 170mm, is formed by a method combining vibration and rolling when the fluidity of the slurry is between 170mm and 180mm, and is formed by rolling when the fluidity of the slurry is between 180mm and 200 mm.
In the forming step, the forming process is divided into two stages of slurry filling and rolling.
In the molding step, manual insertion and rolling are performed from the top to the bottom and from the side to the inside by using a vibrating rod.
After the forming step, the method further comprises a precipitation soaking step, wherein the precipitation soaking step specifically comprises the following steps:
immediately placing the concrete into a solution mixed by 10-15% of ferric chloride and the permanent coagulation liquid according to the weight ratio of 1:1 after the concrete is formed and hardened, and soaking for T5 time, wherein the T5 is 14 days;
and after soaking for T5 time, taking out the concrete test piece from the solution, placing the concrete test piece under standard curing conditions which meet the standard curing regulations of the test piece in the GB/T50081 standard, and curing the concrete test piece to a set curing age.
Example 2
The details of the invention are set forth below in detail in accordance with a specific embodiment of the invention. Table 1 shows the mix ratio of the lightweight cellular concrete of C1 group and the crushed stone concrete of C0 group using common aggregate in this example, C1 group using river sand, table 2 shows the performance index of the crushed stone concrete of this example and C0 group using common aggregate, and p.o42.5 common portland cement is used as the crushed stone concrete of C0 group.
TABLE 1C 0 reference group and C1 control group lightweight cellular concrete mix proportion
Figure BDA0002956617380000071
Figure BDA0002956617380000081
TABLE 2 performance indexes of lightweight cellular concrete of C0 benchmark group and C1 control group
Figure BDA0002956617380000082
Compared with the group C0, the group C1 adopts the sludge ceramsite to replace the gravel in the aspect of raw materials on the basis of conventional porous concrete, and the volume weight of the concrete can be obviously reduced according to the mixing proportion design method and the preparation process, so that the load acting on the side slope is reduced, and meanwhile, because the raw materials are fully stirred, the probability that the cement slurry blocks the pores is greatly reduced, the porosity and the water permeability coefficient of the concrete are obviously improved, the strength of the concrete is obviously improved, and the pH value of a pore solution is reduced.
Example 3
The details of the invention are set forth below in detail in accordance with a specific embodiment of the invention. Table 3 shows the mix ratio of the lightweight cellular concrete of group C2 in this example to the gravel concrete of group C1 and group C0 using ordinary aggregate, C2 is the standard group using silica fume, table 4 shows the performance index of the gravel concrete of group C2 and group C0 using ordinary aggregate, and the gravel concrete of group C0 uses p.o42.5 ordinary portland cement.
TABLE 3C 0 reference group and C1 and C2 control group lightweight cellular concrete mix proportion
Figure BDA0002956617380000083
TABLE 4 performance index of lightweight cellular concrete of C0 benchmark group and C1 and C2 control group
Figure BDA0002956617380000091
Compared with the C0 group and the C1 group, the C2 group is added with the silica fume on the basis of the C1 group, so that the fluidity of the concrete mixture is greatly improved, the field construction of the concrete is facilitated, the strength and the void ratio are improved, the PH value of a pore solution is obviously reduced, and the environment for plants to grow in the gaps is provided.
Example 4
The details of the invention are set forth below in detail in accordance with a specific embodiment of the invention. C3 is a control group doped with acrylic emulsion, table 5 is the combination ratio of the lightweight cellular concrete of the present example to the crushed stone concrete of C0 using ordinary aggregate, table 6 is the performance index of the present example to the crushed stone concrete of C0 using ordinary aggregate, and the crushed stone concrete of C0 uses p.o42.5 ordinary portland cement.
TABLE 5C 0 reference group and C1, C2 and C3 control group lightweight cellular concrete mix proportion
Figure BDA0002956617380000092
TABLE 6 performance index of lightweight cellular concrete of the C0 benchmark group versus the C1, C2 and C3 control groups
Figure BDA0002956617380000101
Compared with the group C0+ C1+ C2, the group C3 has the advantages that the acrylic emulsion is added into the group C3 on the basis of the group C2, the fluidity of the concrete is obviously improved, the compressive strength is reduced (but the requirement of more than 10MPa is met), the flexural strength is obviously improved, namely the toughness of the concrete is improved, the pH value of a pore solution is reduced to be less than 10, and the low-alkaline environment for plant growth in gaps is completely met.
In a word, the components of the invention can be used for preparing lightweight porous concrete with proper compressive strength (>10MPa), proper porosity (22-27%) and low alkalinity (the PH value of a pore solution is 9.8-10.2), and the alkalinity of the concrete can be reduced, the fluidity of a mixture and the strength of the concrete can be improved, and the performance of the lightweight porous concrete can be further optimized through the design of the mixing proportion on the basis.
Example 5
The formed concrete is further subjected to alkali reduction soaking, and after the concrete is formed and hardened, the concrete is immediately placed into a solution formed by mixing 10-15% of ferric chloride and a permanent coagulation liquid according to the weight ratio of 1:1 for soaking for T5 time, wherein the T5 is 14 days; and after soaking for T5 time, taking out the concrete sample from the solution, placing the concrete sample under standard curing conditions, and curing to a set curing age. The performances of alkali-reducing soaking by using a mixed solution of 10-15% of ferric chloride and a permanent coagulation liquid according to a weight ratio of 1:1, alkali-reducing soaking by using a traditional ferrous sulfate solution and maintenance (without alkali reduction) by using standard maintenance conditions are compared.
TABLE 7C 2 lightweight cellular concrete mix proportions
Figure BDA0002956617380000102
TABLE 8C 4 Performance indices for standard curing of lightweight cellular concrete, curing in ferrous sulfate solution, and easy curing with iron chloride and permanent magnet of the present invention
Figure BDA0002956617380000103
Figure BDA0002956617380000111
Note: c2-1 is placed in a standard curing box for curing; c2-2 is placed in ferrous sulfate solution for curing; and C2-3 is placed in the mixed solution of ferric chloride and the permanent coagulation liquid for curing.
It can be seen from the data in table 8 that the two curing methods of curing in the solution and curing in the standard curing box have little influence on the workability, physical properties and mechanical properties of the concrete, but have great influence on the PH value of the pore solution, the ferrous sulfate solution and the mixed solution of ferric chloride and the permanent coagulation liquid have good effect on reducing the PH value of the pore solution in the concrete, and the alkali reducing effect of the mixed solution of ferric chloride and the permanent coagulation liquid is better.
Example 6
Fig. 2 shows the sequence of the tamping positions of an embodiment of the rolling process shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a square container, the serial numbers in the figure are serial numbers of the tamping and inserting, the four corners are tamped at first 1-2-3-4, then the middle points of the strip ratios are tamped at the separation blocks at first 5-6-7-8, then the tamped points are tamped at the central points 9-10-11-12 of a quadrangle formed by four points at the four corners of the quadrangle and finally the central point 13 of the quadrangle is tamped. The whole inserting and tamping adopts the sequence from outside to inside, the periphery is inserted and tamped firstly, then the middle is inserted and tamped, the spacer blocks are inserted and tamped, the concrete is concentrated towards the middle as much as possible, after the middle is compacted, the concrete can be gradually expanded outwards, and finally the outside is compacted.
Example 7
Aiming at the concrete, the technology of combining the sprayed porous concrete and the spray-seeding plant growth base material is also applied, the construction of the actual road section is carried out, and the integration of slope protection and ecological restoration is realized.
The construction steps are briefly described as follows:
(1) spraying porous concrete layer, the pressure of the outlet of the spray gun is greater than 0.15 Mpa-0.20 Mpa, forming porous concrete layer with thickness of about 8 cm-10 cm, the cubic compression strength is controlled above 5.0Mpa, and the permeability coefficient is greater than 1.5 multiplied by 10-5cm/s；
(2) And (3) after the porous concrete layer is formed for about 1-4 hours, washing off the surface by water for about 1-3 mm. The three-dimensional vegetation net is fixed on the surface;
(3) the porous concrete layer is subjected to watering maintenance (the water contains FeSO)4Solution), a treatment for reducing alkalinity is performed;
(4) and after three to seven days, spraying the plant growth substrate with the thickness of about 2cm to 4cm on the three-dimensional vegetation net. The seeds are manually coated on the vegetable layer.
(5) After the construction is finished, the upper surface is covered with non-woven fabrics, and water is sprayed for proper maintenance.
And after the construction is finished for 5 years, the engineering is revisited, the plants on the side slope grow vigorously, the natural restoration of organisms is realized, and the concrete layer is basically covered by vegetation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The plant-growing light porous concrete is characterized by comprising slag portland cement, water, river sand, sludge ceramsite, fly ash, silica fume, acrylic emulsion and a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent;
the components are mixed according to the following weight portions:
portland slag cement W3Portion, W3260-; water W6Portion, W690-100; river sand W4Portion, W430-40; sludge ceramsite W1Portion, W1700-; fly ash W2Portion, W250-75; silica fume W5Portion, W510-15; acrylic emulsion W7Portion, W720-25; polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent W8Portion, W8＝5.5-8。
2. The plant-growing lightweight porous concrete according to claim 1, wherein the weight part of the sludge ceramsite with the particle size of 5-10mm is 3:7, and the weight part of the sludge ceramsite with the particle size of 16-20mm is 3: 7.
3. The vegetation lightweight cellular concrete according to claim 1, wherein the Portland slag cement is No. 52.5 slag sulfoaluminate cement.
4. A method of preparing a plant-growable lightweight cellular concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
mixing the fly ash with the total weight of W2The total weight of slag portland cement W3Total weight of river sand W4Total weight of silica fume W5And the total weight of the sludge ceramsite W1One third 1/3W1Mixing and stirring for T1 time;
adding water in the total weight portion W6One half 1/2W6Acrylic emulsion total weight part W7One half 1/2W7And polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with total weight portion W8One half 1/2W8Then mixing and stirring for T2 time;
adding the sludge ceramsite with the total weight of W1One third 1/3W1Adding the total weight of water W6One fourth 1/4W6Acrylic emulsion total weight part W7One fourth 1/4W7And polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with total weight portion W8One fourth 1/4W8Mixing and stirring for T3 time;
then adding the sludge ceramsite with the total weight part of W1One third 1/3W1Adding the total weight of water W6One fourth 1/4W6Acrylic emulsion total weight part W7One fourth 1/4W7And polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with total weight portion W8One fourth 1/4W8Mixing and stirring for T4 time to complete stirring;
wherein the total weight of the slag portland cement is W3Portion, W3260-; total weight of water W6Portion, W690-100; total weight of river sand W4Portion, W430-40; sludge ceramsite total weight portion W1Portion, W1700-; total weight of fly ash W2Portion, W250-75; total weight of silica fume W5Portion, W510-15; total weight part of acrylic emulsion W7Portion, W720-25; total weight of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent W8Portion, W8＝5.5-8。
5. The method of claim 4, wherein T1 is 15s minimum, T2 is 30s minimum, T3 is 30s minimum, and T4 is 60s minimum.
6. The method for preparing a plant-growable lightweight cellular concrete according to claim 4, further comprising the step of pouring out the slurry after completion of the stirring, and performing a molding step.
7. The method for preparing plant-growable lightweight cellular concrete according to claim 6, wherein in the forming step, the forming is carried out by selecting vibration or rolling or a method combining vibration and rolling according to the fluidity of cement paste.
8. The method for preparing plant-growing lightweight porous concrete according to claim 7, wherein in the forming step, the slurry is formed by vibration when the fluidity is 140 mm-170 mm, by a method combining vibration and rolling when the fluidity is 170 mm-180 mm, and by rolling when the fluidity is 180 mm-200 mm.
9. The method for preparing the vegetation lightweight cellular concrete according to claim 6, further comprising an alkali-reducing soaking step after the forming step, wherein the alkali-reducing soaking step specifically comprises:
after the concrete is formed and hardened, immediately putting the concrete into a solution in which 10-15% of ferric chloride and the permanent coagulation liquid are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, and soaking for T5 time;
and after soaking for T5 time, taking out the concrete test piece from the solution, placing the concrete test piece under standard curing conditions which meet the standard curing regulations of the test piece in the GB/T50081 standard, and curing the concrete test piece to a set curing age.
10. The method for preparing a plant-growable lightweight cellular concrete according to claim 9, wherein T5 is greater than or equal to 14 days.
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