CN112874066B - 一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板及其制备方法,它涉及蜂窝领域,本发明将轻质蜂窝结构和局域共振型声子晶体相结合。本发明将铝合金薄板,通过线切割加工,得到的带有凹槽的铝合金方条,然后进行组装,即可得到蜂窝结构;中间振子层由铝合金板激光切割成特定类似球拍的形状,然后粘接不锈钢圆片获得中间振子层。最后将格栅结构、振子层还有上下面板组装,并用高强环氧树脂结构胶粘接固定,最后利用硫化机进行加温加压固化,即可得到多功能四边形蜂窝结构。本发明应用于材料领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蜂窝材料领域,具体涉及一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板及其制备方法。
背景技术
轻量化是自然界进化的主题,也是众多机械工程领域永恒追求的目标。轻质夹芯结构以其比强度、比刚度高等优势,在航空航天等领域得到了广泛的应用。目前,常见的轻质夹芯结构是格栅结构和点阵结构。现代卫星结构中蜂窝夹芯结构(六边形格栅结构)是最为常见的一种夹芯结构,并取得了明显的减重效果。
然而,由于蜂窝结构轻质高强的特点,导致其声振性能很差。提高结构声振性能的常规方法是添加阻尼材料,但是提高结构的阻尼只在高频处有效果,低频处的减振效果不明显。而且某些提高阻尼的方法是以牺牲结构的承载能力为代价,因此迫切需要一种既能低频减振降噪,又具有高承载能力的多功能蜂窝结构。
近年来兴起的声子晶体超结构,由于其特殊的周期结构形式,能够在特定频率范围内形成禁带,抑制该频率范围弹性波的传播。声子晶体超结构分为两类,一种是散射型,又称为光子晶体;另一种是局域共振型。散射型声子晶体弹性波禁带的产生主要依靠其内部特殊的周期结构,因此结构单胞的几何尺寸应和对应的波长相当,这就要求该种形式的声子晶体结构尺寸比较大,在低频减振降噪的应用方面有一定的限制。然而,局域共振型声子晶体的禁带产生主要和其微结构形式有关,对周期性要求不高,因此擅长于小尺寸控制大波长,在低频减振降噪方面有重要应用前景。
发明内容
本发明将轻质蜂窝结构和局域共振型声子晶体相结合,提出一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板及其制备方法。
本发明的一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板,它包括振子层、振子、栅格、上面板和下面板;
所述的振子层是在板材上开设有多个通孔;
所述的振子是由基板和圆片组成;所述的基板为位于通孔内的板材凸出结构,所述的凸出结构呈“球拍”形结构;在基板上下表面设置有圆片;
所述的栅格分别设置于振子层上下表面,且每个栅格孔与通孔的轴线均重合;上面板设置于振子层上部的栅格上;下面板设置于振子层下部的栅格上。
进一步地,所述的基板和通孔是通过激光切割加工铝合金或碳纤维增强复合材料板得到的。
进一步地,通过线切割加工切割铝合金板或碳纤维增强复合材料板,在铝合金板或碳纤维增强复合材料板上切割阵列式的通孔,并在加工通孔过程中,将通孔外周铝合金或碳纤维增强复合材料板利用激光切割成“球拍”形结构,作为基板。
进一步地,所述的圆片为不锈钢圆片,圆片粘贴于基板“球拍”形结构的圆形上下表面。
进一步地,上面板与下面板分别通过环氧树脂结构胶粘贴在栅格上。
进一步地,所述的蜂窝结构板为四边形蜂窝结构板。
进一步地,所述的栅格、上面板和下面板的材质为铝合金或碳纤维增强复合材料。
本发明的一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板的方法,它是利用嵌锁组装工艺制备而成;
将铝合金或碳纤维增强复合材料板,通过激光切割加工方式,得到带有多个通孔铝合金板,即振子层基板;在加工通孔过程中,在通孔周围利用激光切割铝合金或碳纤维增强复合材料板成“球拍”形结构,作为基板;在基板上下表面粘接不锈钢圆片;然后将栅格设置在振子层上下表面,用环氧树脂结构胶在栅格上分别粘接上面板和下面板,最后利用硫化机进行加温加压固化,即可得到蜂窝结构。
进一步地,所述的加温加压固化条件为在温度为130℃、压力为0.1MPa的条件下固化2小时。
进一步地,所述的栅格是通过多个铝合金或者碳纤维增强复合材料格栅条通过嵌锁方式组装而成。
本发明的技术原理:
对于局域共振型超构材料,带隙出现在局部共振处,并且可以随着功能需求调节。在振子发生共振时,振子和主体结构异相运动,从而产生反向的力,进而阻止主体结构振动,也就是通常所说的禁带。为了构造局域共振型超材,需要满足以下必要条件:
1.振子的排布周期小于波长;
2.振子共振产生的反力的合力不为零。
另外,引入声子晶体系统还要考虑其他方面的影响,比如不能降低结构超轻超强的特性,不能破坏结构的整体性和耐高温性能,以及能够满足在复杂环境下服役的要求等。
因此,本发明提出了如图1所示的多功能四边形蜂窝结构。由图可知,该多功能结构由两层四边形格栅和一个中间层振子系统构成:格栅结构具有优异的力学性能,可以通过嵌锁组装实现低成本、大尺寸制备;而中间层振子系统是由多个激光切割加工制得的类似“球拍”型结构组成的金属板,在“球拍”圆形部分粘接有不锈钢圆片,类似于集中质量,而“球拍”的手柄处相当于一个悬臂梁,其弯曲刚度类似于弹簧刚度。至此,构造了一个完整的弹簧-质量系统,其固有频率可以通过式(1)获得。
其中,EI是梁的弯曲刚度;K是等效弹簧刚度;ms=πr2[(hd1+hd2)ρs+hmρA]是中间圆形结构的质量,r是不锈钢圆片的半径,hd1和hd2分别是上下两个不锈钢圆片的厚度,hm是中间振子层基板的厚度,ls=l+r/2是等效梁的长度,ρs和ρA分别是不锈钢和6063铝合金的密度。具体参数标注见图1。
本发明所设计的蜂窝结构,具有如下优点:
1.“球拍”结构在主体结构减振方向合力不为零,提供了形成带隙的必要条件;
2.“球拍”的一阶模态为弯曲模态,容易向低频调节;
3.弹簧-质量系统中“弹簧”和“质量”分工明确,便于后期设计;
4.共振系统集成在蜂窝结构内部,不影响其他功能的实现;
5.嵌锁组装和激光加工可以实现低成本、大尺寸制备,便于实际工程应用
6.可以拓展用于其他点阵芯子拓扑构型,例如波纹构型和金字塔构型等。
综上所述,本发明所设计的蜂窝结构,构造了局域共振条件,提供了一种通用的点阵多功能设计平台。
附图说明
图1为多功能四边形蜂窝结构示意图:其中,(a)多功能四边形蜂窝结构示意图;(b)芯子构型示意图;(c)共振系统示意图;其中,tf表示面板(4)和(5)的厚度;a表示栅格(3)单胞边长;tc表示栅格(3)的壁厚;hc表示栅格(3)的高度;a/2表示振子圆心到振子层基板(21)框架中线的距离;l表示振子圆心到“球拍”形结构端部的距离;e表示振子层基板(21)的框架宽度;hm表示振子层基板(21)厚度;b表示“球拍”形结构端部宽度;d表示振子直径;hd1表示上层不锈钢圆片厚度;hd2表示下层不锈钢圆片厚度;
图2为锤击法实验测试图,其中,(a)锤击法实验测试示意图,(b)锤击点和测量点的位置(尺寸单位是mm);
图3为抑振型多功能蜂窝和传统蜂窝频响函数测试对比图;其中,A为传统多功蜂窝测试曲线,B为抑振型多功能蜂窝测试曲线;
图4为平压测试实验件照片;其中,(a)传统蜂窝结构(b)本发明提出的多功能蜂窝结构;
图5为平压实验结果图;其中,A为实施例的多功能蜂窝结构平压实验曲线,B为传统蜂窝结构平压实验曲线;
图6为多功能蜂窝芯子制备流程图;
图7为多功能蜂窝结构单胞示意图;
图8为传统蜂窝芯子和本发明多功能蜂窝芯子结构对比图;其中,(a)传统四边形蜂窝芯子示意图,(b)多功能蜂窝芯子示意图;
图9为频响函数测试试件照片;其中,(a)传统四边形蜂窝结构,(b)多功能蜂窝结构。
具体实施方式
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解,上述各实施方式是实现本发明的具体实施例,而在实际应用中,可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变,而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下面将详细叙述清楚说明本发明所揭示内容的精神,任何所属技术领域技术人员在了解本发明内容的实施例后,当可由本发明内容所教示的技术,加以改变及修饰,其并不脱离本发明内容的精神与范围。
本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例
本实施例的一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板,它包括振子层1、振子2、栅格3、上面板4和下面板5;
所述的振子层1是在板材上开设有多个通孔6;
所述的振子2是由基板21和圆片22组成;所述的基板21为位于通孔6内的板材凸出结构,所述的凸出结构呈“球拍”形结构;在基板21上下表面设置有圆片22;
所述的栅格3分别设置于振子层1上下表面,且每个栅格孔与通孔6的轴线均重合;上面板4设置于振子层1上部的栅格3上;下面板5设置于振子层1下部的栅格3上。
所述的基板21和通孔6是通过激光切割加工铝合金得到的。
所述的圆片22为不锈钢圆片,圆片22粘贴于基板21“球拍”形结构的圆形上下表面。
通过激光切割加工切割铝合金板,在铝合金板上切割阵列式的通孔6,并在加工通孔6过程中,在通孔6周围利用激光切割铝合金或碳纤维增强复合材料板成“球拍”形结构,作为基板21。
所述的圆片22为不锈钢圆片,圆片22粘贴于基板21“球拍”形结构的圆形上下表面。
所述的蜂窝结构板是利用嵌锁组装工艺制备而成;
将铝合金板,通过激光切割加工方式,得到带有多个通孔6铝合金方板,得振子层基板;在加工通孔6过程中,在通孔6周围利用激光切割铝合金板成“球拍”形结构,作为基板21;在基板21上下表面粘接不锈钢圆片22;然后将栅格3设置在振子层1上下表面,用环氧树脂结构胶在栅格3上分别粘接上面板4和下面板5,最后利用硫化机进行加温加压固化,即可得到蜂窝结构。
为了验证本实施例的多功能蜂窝的高承载特性,对其进行了平压实验测试。平压实验过程满足ASTM-C365标准,压缩速率为5×10-4m/s。将该多功能蜂窝实验结果和传统蜂窝进行了对比,传统蜂窝的结构为四边形蜂窝结构,即该多功能蜂窝去掉中间振子层的结构,并保证两者的蜂窝芯子高度一致。
图5给出了平压实验结果。从图中可以看出,在平压过程中,两种蜂窝结构都出现了两个峰值。和传统蜂窝相比,本实施例提出的多功能蜂窝的两个峰值分别提高了6%和49%。这说明本实施例提出的多功能蜂窝结构强度有少许提升,而后峰值强度大幅提升。
对本实施例的蜂窝结构进行结构抑振和结构承载验证:
1)结构抑振
本实施例采用锤击法测量蜂窝结构的频率响应函数,从而来表征结构的抑振性能。锤击法实验测试如图2所示。本发明中设计并制备了三种具有不同禁带位置的多功能蜂窝,设计的3种多功能蜂窝分别用Type A,Type B,和Type C来表示,它们的振子固有频率分别位于原蜂窝结构一阶固有频率之前,相等和之后,从而来验证振动抑制的能力以及禁带的可设计性。实验结果如图3所示。可以看出,在三种多功能蜂窝结构分别在一阶之前,一阶处和一阶之后频率范围内实现了振动衰减,验证了本实施例提出的多功能蜂窝的振动抑制能力以及禁带的可设计性。
2)结构承载
本实施例的目的是在不牺牲,甚至提高蜂窝结构承载能力的基础上实现振动抑制功能。因此对该多功能蜂窝进行了平压力学实验,并和传统蜂窝进行对比,验证其高承载的特性。
平压实验过程满足ASTM-C365标准,压缩速率为5×10-4m/s。并将实验结果和传统蜂窝进行了对比。
图4给出了平压测试实验件。图5给出了平压实验结果。从平压曲线可以看出,在前期的线性段部分,两者的斜率相等,这代表本发明提出的多功能蜂窝结构的刚度和传统蜂窝的一致。另外,还可以看出两种蜂窝结构都出现了两个峰值。和传统蜂窝相比,本发明提出的多功能蜂窝的两个峰值分别提高了6%和49%。这代表本实施例提出的多功能蜂窝结构强度有少许提升,而后峰值强度大幅提升。
总之,和传统四边形蜂窝相比,本发明提出的多功能蜂窝刚度不变,强度少许提升,而后峰值强度大幅提升。
由上述实验表明,本实施例的蜂窝结构不仅能够实现蜂窝结构的振动抑制,而且能够提升结构的承载能力,具有广阔的工程应用前景。
Claims (7)
1.一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板,其特征在于它包括振子层(1)、振子(2)、栅格(3)、上面板(4)和下面板(5);
所述的振子层(1)是在板材上开设有多个通孔(6);
所述的振子(2)是由基板(21)和圆片(22)组成;所述的基板(21)为位于通孔(6)内的板材凸出结构,所述的凸出结构呈球拍形结构;在基板(21)上下表面设置有圆片(22);
所述的栅格(3)分别设置于振子层(1)上下表面,且每个栅格孔与通孔(6)的轴线均重合;上面板(4)设置于振子层(1)上部的栅格(3)上;下面板(5)设置于振子层(1)下部的栅格(3)上;所述的基板(21)和通孔(6)是通过激光切割加工铝合金或碳纤维增强复合材料板得到的,具体为通过线切割加工切割铝合金板或碳纤维增强复合材料板,在铝合金板或碳纤维增强复合材料板上切割阵列式的通孔(6),并在加工通孔(6)过程中,将通孔(6)外周铝合金或碳纤维增强复合材料板利用激光切割成球拍形结构,作为基板(21)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板,其特征在于所述的圆片(22)为不锈钢圆片,圆片(22)粘贴于基板(21)球拍形结构的圆形上下表面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板,其特征在于上面板(4)与下面板(5)分别通过环氧树脂结构胶粘贴在栅格(3)上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板,其特征在于所述的蜂窝结构板为四边形蜂窝结构板。
5.根据权利要求1或3所述的一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板,其特征在于所述的栅格(3)、上面板(4)和下面板(5)的材质为铝合金或碳纤维增强复合材料。
6.制备权利要求1所述的一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板的方法,其特征在于它是利用嵌锁组装工艺制备而成;
将铝合金或碳纤维增强复合材料板,通过激光切割加工方式,得到带有多个通孔(6)的铝合金或碳纤维增强复合材料板,即振子层基板;在加工通孔(6)过程中,在通孔(6)周围利用激光切割铝合金或碳纤维增强复合材料板成球拍形结构,作为基板(21);在基板(21)上下表面粘接圆片(22);然后将栅格(3)设置在振子层(1)上下表面, 用环氧树脂结构胶在栅格(3)上分别粘接上面板(4)和下面板(5),最后利用硫化机进行加温加压固化,即得到蜂窝结构板;所述的栅格(3)是通过多个铝合金或者碳纤维增强复合材料格栅条通过嵌锁方式组装而成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种集振动抑制和轻质高强为一体的蜂窝结构板的制备方法,其特征在于所述的加温加压固化条件为在温度为130℃、压力为0.1MPa 的条件下固化2小时。
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