CN112872329B - Low-pressure casting die for compressor shell - Google Patents
Low-pressure casting die for compressor shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN112872329B CN112872329B CN202110316986.3A CN202110316986A CN112872329B CN 112872329 B CN112872329 B CN 112872329B CN 202110316986 A CN202110316986 A CN 202110316986A CN 112872329 B CN112872329 B CN 112872329B
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- air inlet
- inlet pipe
- sand core
- insert
- upper die
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
Abstract
The invention relates to a low-pressure casting die for a compressor shell, which comprises an upper die and a lower die, wherein an insert is arranged in the upper die, the insert extends into a containing cavity of the upper die, a gap is formed between the inner wall of the containing cavity and the outer wall of the insert, and the gap is used for containing a sand core of an air inlet pipe which is plugged from the bottom of the upper die and is sleeved with the insert; the air inlet pipe sand core is characterized in that at least one first locking part is arranged on the outer wall of the insert, at least one second locking part is arranged on the air inlet pipe sand core, and the first locking part and the second locking part are matched and locked to enable the air inlet pipe sand core to be fixedly sleeved with the insert. The invention realizes the purpose that the air inlet pipe sand core is fed from the bottom of the upper die and fixedly locked with the insert in a sleeved mode, so that the casting of the compressor shell by adopting a low-pressure casting process becomes possible, the yield of the compressor shell is improved by utilizing the advantages of the low-pressure casting process, and the rejection rate is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-pressure casting dies, in particular to a low-pressure casting die for an air compressor shell.
Background
The compressor casing for the supercharger is used for supporting a rotor shaft, a seal, a bearing and a lubricating system, and is usually produced by casting. The compressor casing with multiple grooves (such as three grooves) as shown in fig. 14 can be formed only by sand core because the groove structure at the position of the air inlet pipe is thinner and deeper. During casting production, the sand core is placed from top to bottom in the core setting direction of the sand core. Because the low-pressure casting die is used for ejecting the parts from the upper surface, the upper die of the low-pressure die is not allowed to penetrate, and the sand core of the air inlet pipe cannot be discharged. Therefore, in the prior art, the pressure shell casting with the three grooves at the position of the air inlet pipe can only be produced by adopting a gravity casting process. The gravity casting process has the following disadvantages: firstly, the mould is usually a structure of 'one mould one cavity' which can only produce one casting, the efficiency is low, and two workers are needed to cooperate to produce, one is responsible for placing the sand core, and the other is responsible for ladling out the aluminum liquid for pouring. Secondly, because the height of the pouring cup must be 40-60mm higher than the height of the casting, a certain pressure is required to feed the casting under the action of gravity, so that the yield of the gravity casting process is low, generally 50-60%. Thirdly, in the gravity casting process, the pouring cup is positioned at the upper part, the molten aluminum is filled from top to bottom, the molten aluminum flows unstably, and oxide slag and oxide skin are easily formed in the downward impact process, so that the casting quality is poor, and the casting rejection rate is 8-10%.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a low-pressure casting die for an air compressor shell, which aims to solve the problems of low yield and high rejection rate of castings produced by a gravity casting process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a low-pressure casting die for a compressor shell comprises an upper die and a lower die, wherein an insert is arranged in the upper die, the insert extends into a containing cavity of the upper die, a gap is formed between the inner wall of the containing cavity and the outer wall of the insert, and the gap is used for containing a sand core of an air inlet pipe which is plugged from the bottom of the upper die and is sleeved with the insert; the air inlet pipe sand core is characterized in that at least one first locking part is arranged on the outer wall of the insert, at least one second locking part is arranged on the air inlet pipe sand core, and the first locking part and the second locking part are matched and locked to enable the air inlet pipe sand core to be fixedly sleeved with the insert.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the part of the insert, which extends into the upper die, is a cylindrical body, and the at least one first locking part is a convex structure which is distributed on the outer wall of the cylindrical body along the circumference; the air inlet pipe sand core is in a hollow cylindrical shape, and the at least one second locking part is an ear groove which is distributed on the outer wall of the air inlet pipe sand core along the circumference.
The lug groove comprises a circumferential section extending along the circumference, and when the air inlet pipe sand core is plugged into the gap from the bottom of the upper die and is sleeved on the columnar body, the air inlet pipe sand core is rotated to enable the protruding structure to be locked in place after rotating to the bottom along the circumferential section.
And one end of the circumferential section extends to the top of the sand core of the air inlet pipe to form an opening section.
An inner concave channel is arranged on one side, located on the insert, of the top surface of the upper die, and the bottom surface of the inner concave channel is lower than the position of the convex structure, so that the matching position of the convex structure and the corresponding lug groove is exposed, and whether the air inlet pipe sand core and the insert are locked in place or not can be conveniently observed.
The air inlet pipe sand core is characterized in that a positioning retaining ring is arranged on the outer wall of the air inlet pipe sand core along the circumference, and a limiting step correspondingly matched with the positioning retaining ring is arranged on the inner wall of the containing cavity.
The positioning retainer ring is provided with a first inspection groove, the limiting step is provided with a second inspection groove, and when the air inlet pipe sand core and the insert are locked in place, the first inspection groove and the second inspection groove are integrated correspondingly.
At least two protruding structures are symmetrically distributed along the circumference, correspondingly, two ear grooves corresponding to the at least two protruding structures are symmetrically distributed along the circumference.
The top of the columnar body is provided with an end part with an increased size, and the end part is used for being clamped with the upper die.
The bottom of the air inlet pipe sand core is provided with a forming groove matched with the internal structure of the air inlet pipe of the compressor shell to be formed; after the upper die and the lower die are assembled, a main cavity is formed in the die, the containing cavity is integrally communicated with the main cavity, meanwhile, a cavity formed by the air inlet pipe sand core and the insert is integrally communicated with the main cavity, and a pouring gate is arranged at the bottom of the lower die and is communicated with the main cavity through a pouring runner.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention realizes the purpose that the air inlet pipe sand core is fed from the bottom of the upper die and fixedly locked with the insert in a sleeved mode, so that the casting of the compressor shell by adopting a low-pressure casting process becomes possible, the yield of the compressor shell is improved by utilizing the advantages of the low-pressure casting process, and the rejection rate is reduced. The invention has the following advantages:
the convex structure and the lug groove of the invention complete self-positioning and locking in the process that the sand core of the air inlet pipe rotates relative to the insert, so that the feeding of the sand core of the air inlet pipe from the bottom of the upper die and the complete sleeving and fixing become possible.
The concave channel arranged at the top of the upper die plays a role of a perspective window, so that whether the convex structure and the convex structure are matched with the ear groove in place or not can be conveniently observed, and the operation is convenient.
The invention designs the first inspection groove and the second inspection groove, has the function of inspecting the dislocation, and further verifies whether the assembly of the sand core of the air inlet pipe is in place or not by observing the structure of the corresponding inspection boss on the casting so as to judge whether the casting is qualified or not, thereby improving the quality of quality control management.
According to the process characteristics of low-pressure casting, the mold can be designed into two cavities of one mold, and the low-pressure machine is used for automatically finishing pouring, so that the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the labor reduction is reduced.
The invention adopts a low-pressure casting process, utilizes the effect of pressure in a low-pressure furnace to perform mold filling and solidification, does not need a pouring cup, and has a process yield of 70-80 percent; the aluminum liquid is filled from the bottom of the lower die to the top in sequence, and the aluminum liquid flows stably, so that the oxidation slag and the oxide skin are less, the casting quality is higher, and the casting rejection rate is reduced to 5-6%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an upper die for mounting an insert according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the upper and lower molds after closing the molds when the air inlet pipe sand core is not installed in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the insert of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the sand core of the air inlet pipe of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the air inlet pipe core and an insert before being sleeved and locked.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air inlet pipe core and the insert after the sand core is sleeved and locked.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of an upper die of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the air inlet pipe core mounted to the structure shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view (plan view) after the air inlet pipe core is attached to the structure shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in fig. 11.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a casting (compressor casing) produced by casting according to the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 13.
In the figure: 1. an upper connecting plate; 2. an ejection mechanism; 3. an inward recessed channel; 4. an upper die; 5. an insert; 6. a sand core of the air inlet pipe; 7. a runner sand core; 8. a lower die; 9. a base plate; 41. an accommodating chamber; 42. a limiting step; 43. inspecting the second groove; 51. a raised structure; 52. a columnar body; 53. an end portion; 61. an ear canal; 62. positioning a retainer ring; 63. inspecting the first groove; 64. forming a groove; 611. a circumferential segment; 612. an opening section; 81. entering a pouring gate; 82. and (6) pouring a runner.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the compressor housing low-pressure casting mold of the embodiment includes an upper mold 4 and a lower mold 8, as shown in fig. 2 to 6, an insert 5 is arranged in the upper mold 4, the insert 5 extends into a containing cavity 41 of the upper mold 4, a gap is formed between an inner wall of the containing cavity 41 and an outer wall of the insert 5, at least one first locking portion is arranged on the outer wall of the insert 5, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the gap is used for filling an air inlet pipe sand core 6 which is inserted from the bottom of the upper mold 4 and is in sleeve connection with the insert 5, at least one second locking portion is arranged on the air inlet pipe sand core 6, and the first locking portion and the second locking portion are in matched locking, so that the sand core 6 is fixedly sleeve connected with the insert 5.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the portion of the insert 5 extending into the upper die 4 is a cylindrical body 52, and as shown in fig. 5 and 6, at least one first locking portion is a protruding structure 51 circumferentially distributed on the outer wall of the cylindrical body 52; the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is in a hollow cylindrical shape, and the at least one second locking part is an ear groove 61 distributed on the outer wall of the air inlet pipe sand core 6 along the circumference.
As shown in fig. 6, the lug groove 61 includes a circumferential section 611 extending along the circumference, and as shown in fig. 7 and 8, after the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is inserted into the gap from the bottom of the upper die 4 and is sleeved on the column 52, the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is rotated, so that the protruding structure 51 is locked in place after rotating to the bottom along the circumferential section 611.
In one embodiment, the circumferential segment 611 has a corresponding central angle of 15-35 °.
As a specific implementation form, one end of the circumferential section 611 extends to the top of the air inlet pipe sand core 6 to form an opening section 612, so as to increase the space for abdicating, and facilitate the socket fit between the air inlet pipe sand core 6 and the column 52.
As shown in fig. 2 and 10, the concave channel 3 is arranged on the top surface of the upper die 4 at one side of the insert 5, and the bottom surface of the concave channel is lower than the position of the convex structure 51, so that the matching position of the convex structure 51 and the corresponding lug groove 61 is exposed, and whether the air inlet pipe sand core 6 and the insert 5 are locked in place or not can be conveniently observed.
In order to further increase the matching degree of the air inlet pipe sand core 6 and the containing cavity 41, a positioning retainer ring 62 is arranged on the outer wall of the air inlet pipe sand core 6 along the circumference, and as shown in fig. 9, a limiting step 42 correspondingly matched with the positioning retainer ring 62 is arranged on the inner wall of the containing cavity 41.
For the convenience of quality inspection, as shown in fig. 6, a first inspection groove 63 is arranged on the positioning retainer ring 62, as shown in fig. 9, a second inspection groove 43 is arranged on the limiting step 42, as shown in fig. 10-12, after the air inlet pipe sand core 6 and the insert 5 are locked in place, the first inspection groove 63 and the second inspection groove 43 are correspondingly integrated, the inspection grooves form corresponding inspection bosses on the molded casting, and whether the bosses are in a wrong shape or not is checked, if so, whether the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is not placed in place or not is judged, and the casting is scrapped. As shown in fig. 13, a corresponding inspection boss is formed on the molded compressor casing, and the boss structure can be matched with the shape of the integrated groove formed by the first inspection groove 63 and the second inspection groove 43, so that the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is placed in place, and the quality of the casting is over-qualified. And subsequently, removing the inspection boss on the casting through milling.
As a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, at least two protruding structures 51 are symmetrically distributed along the circumference, and correspondingly, two ear grooves 61 corresponding to the at least two protruding structures 51 are symmetrically distributed along the circumference. So as to increase the contact area between the protruding structure 51 and the ear groove 61 and improve the connection strength.
In a particular embodiment, the top of the cylindrical body 52 is provided with an end 53 of increased size, the end 53 being intended to be engaged by the upper die 4. Thereby preventing rotation and in particular rotation of the insert 5 during rotation of the air inlet tube core 6 over and relative to the exterior of the cylindrical body 52.
As a specific implementation form, the bottom of the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is provided with a forming groove 64 matched with the internal structure of the air inlet pipe of the compressor casing to be formed.
After the upper die 4 and the lower die 8 are assembled, a main cavity is formed in the die, as shown in fig. 4 and 12, the containing cavity 41 is filled with the air inlet pipe sand core 6 and then is communicated with the main cavity, meanwhile, the air inlet pipe sand core 6 and the columnar body 52 also form a cavity communicated with the main cavity, the bottom of the lower die 8 is provided with an inlet gate 81, and the inlet gate 81 is communicated with the main cavity through a pouring runner 82.
It should be noted that the receiving cavity 41 is an irregular cavity extending in the upper die 4 in a substantially vertical direction, after the insert 5 is installed in the upper die 4, a certain gap is formed between the outer wall of the cylindrical body 52 and the inner wall of the receiving cavity 41 (i.e. the inner wall of the upper die 4 as shown in fig. 4), and after the gap is partially filled by the air inlet pipe sand core 6, the rest of the space is communicated with the main cavity into a whole.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the lengths of the air inlet pipe sand core 6 and the columnar body 52 are different, so that after the air inlet pipe sand core 6 and the columnar body 52 are sleeved, fixed and locked, a cavity with the bottom surface of the columnar body 52 as the top surface and the inner wall of the air inlet pipe sand core 6 as the side surface is formed inside the air inlet pipe sand core 6, and the cavity is communicated with the main cavity to form a complete cavity. The specific sizes of the air inlet pipe sand core 6 and the columnar body 52 are designed according to the structural characteristics of the casting per se by using detailed structures and the like, and detailed description is omitted.
As shown in fig. 1, the low pressure casting mold of the compressor casing of the embodiment may adopt a "one mold two cavities" or "one mold multiple cavities" structure, that is, each set of mold is provided with at least two sets of upper and lower molds, and at least two sets of castings can be produced each time, thereby improving the production efficiency.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the structural schematic diagram of the mold in the state where the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is not installed is shown, and in order to compare the structural schematic diagram with the state shown in fig. 12 after the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is installed, the structural schematic diagram of the installation position of the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is explained, instead of the structural schematic diagram of the working state in the actual machining process.
The method for casting the compressor casing with the three-groove structure shown in fig. 14 by using the compressor casing low-pressure casting die of the embodiment is as follows:
firstly, the bottom of a lower die 8 is connected with a bottom plate 9, and a runner sand core 7 shown in figure 1 is placed in a corresponding cavity of the lower die 8;
then, the upper die 4 is assembled, the insert 5 is inserted into the accommodating cavity 41 of the upper die 4 from the top surface of the upper die 4, the end portion 53 is clamped with a corresponding step at the top of the upper die 4 in a matching manner, a clamping and connecting structure (such as a groove, a boss and other matching structures) matched with the upper die 4 is arranged on the end portion 53 to prevent the insert 5 from rotating, and the position of the convex structure 51 is observed through the concave channel 3, for convenience of observation, when the insert 5 is assembled in place, the convex structure 51 can be observed through the concave channel 3, and the insert 5 and the upper die 4 are fixedly connected as shown in fig. 2-4; then, the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is inserted from the bottom of the upper die 4 and sleeved outside the columnar body 52 of the insert 5, as shown in fig. 7, and then the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is rotated (as shown in the figure, clockwise rotation is about 25 °) to enable the protruding structure 51 to move to the bottom along the circumferential section 611 of the lug groove 61 and be locked, as shown in fig. 8, the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is fixed. As shown in fig. 10, after the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is assembled, the convex structure 51 and the lug groove 61 are matched in place through the concave channel 3, so that whether the air inlet pipe sand core 6 rotates in place or not is conveniently confirmed, and the position of the sand core is ensured to meet the requirement;
and thirdly, closing the upper die and the lower die, wherein the structure after closing the dies is as shown in figure 1, the top of the upper die 4 is connected with an ejection mechanism 2, and the ejection mechanism 2 is connected with the upper connecting plate 1 through a connecting piece and is connected to a driving mechanism of a machine tool. And (3) pouring, wherein molten aluminum is injected from the lower die 8 into the pouring gate 81, flows into the main cavity through the pouring runner 82, and finally completes casting.
As shown in fig. 12, after the air inlet pipe sand core 6 and the insert 5 are locked in place, the first inspection groove 63 and the second inspection groove 43 are correspondingly integrated, a corresponding inspection boss is formed on the molded casting by the inspection groove, whether the boss is in a wrong shape or not is checked, and if the boss is in the wrong shape or not, whether the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is not placed in place or not is judged, and the casting is scrapped. As shown in fig. 13, a corresponding inspection boss is formed on the molded compressor casing, specifically, the inspection boss is molded on the handle of the air inlet pipe of the casting, and has a height of 2mm and a width of 5 mm. The boss can be matched with the shape of an integrated groove formed by the first inspection groove 63 and the second inspection groove 43, so that the air inlet pipe sand core 6 is placed in place, and the quality of a casting is over-closed. And subsequently, removing the inspection boss on the casting through milling.
Claims (8)
1. The low-pressure casting die for the compressor shell comprises an upper die (4) and a lower die (8), and is characterized in that an insert (5) is arranged in the upper die (4), the insert (5) extends into a containing cavity (41) of the upper die (4), a gap is formed between the inner wall of the containing cavity (41) and the outer wall of the insert (5), and the gap is used for containing an air inlet pipe sand core (6) which is plugged from the bottom of the upper die (4) and is sleeved with the insert (5); the outer wall of the insert (5) is provided with at least one first locking part, the air inlet pipe sand core (6) is provided with at least one second locking part, and the first locking part and the second locking part are matched and locked to enable the air inlet pipe sand core (6) to be fixedly sleeved with the insert (5);
the part of the insert (5) extending into the upper die (4) is a cylindrical body (52), the top of the cylindrical body (52) is provided with an end part (53) with an enlarged size, and the end part (53) is used for being clamped with the upper die (4);
the at least one first locking part is a raised structure (51) distributed on the outer wall of the cylindrical body (52) along the circumference; the air inlet pipe sand core (6) is in a hollow cylindrical shape, and the at least one second locking part is an ear groove (61) which is distributed on the outer wall of the air inlet pipe sand core (6) along the circumference.
2. The compressor shell low-pressure casting die as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lug groove (61) comprises a circumferential section (611) extending along the circumference, and after the air inlet pipe sand core (6) is inserted into the gap from the bottom of the upper die (4) and sleeved on the cylindrical body (52), the air inlet pipe sand core (6) is rotated to enable the protruding structure (51) to be locked in place after being rotated to the bottom along the circumferential section (611).
3. The compressor shell low-pressure casting mold as claimed in claim 2, wherein an opening section (612) extends from one end of the circumferential section (611) to the top of the air inlet pipe sand core (6).
4. The compressor shell low-pressure casting die as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the top surface of the upper die (4) is provided with a concave channel (3) at one side of the insert (5), and the bottom surface of the concave channel is lower than the position of the convex structure (51), so that the matching position of the convex structure (51) and the corresponding lug groove (61) is exposed, and whether the air inlet pipe sand core (6) and the insert (5) are locked in place or not can be observed conveniently.
5. The compressor shell low-pressure casting die as recited in claim 1, characterized in that a positioning retaining ring (62) is arranged on the outer wall of the air inlet pipe sand core (6) along the circumference, and a limiting step (42) correspondingly matched with the positioning retaining ring (62) is arranged on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity (41).
6. The compressor shell low-pressure casting die as claimed in claim 5, wherein a first inspection groove (63) is formed in the positioning retainer ring (62), a second inspection groove (43) is formed in the limiting step (42), and the first inspection groove (63) and the second inspection groove (43) are correspondingly integrated after the air inlet pipe sand core (6) and the insert (5) are locked in place.
7. The compressor shell low-pressure casting die as recited in claim 1, characterized in that at least two raised structures (51) are circumferentially symmetrically distributed, and correspondingly, two lug grooves (61) corresponding to the at least two raised structures (51) are circumferentially symmetrically distributed.
8. The compressor shell low-pressure casting die as recited in claim 1, characterized in that a forming groove (64) matched with the internal structure of an air inlet pipe of a compressor shell to be formed is formed at the bottom of the air inlet pipe sand core (6); after the upper die (4) and the lower die (8) are assembled, a main cavity is formed inside the die, the air inlet pipe sand core (6) is sleeved with the insert (5) to form a cavity communicated with the main cavity, the bottom of the lower die (8) is provided with an inlet sprue (81), and the inlet sprue (81) is communicated with the main cavity through a pouring runner (82).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110316986.3A CN112872329B (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2021-03-24 | Low-pressure casting die for compressor shell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110316986.3A CN112872329B (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2021-03-24 | Low-pressure casting die for compressor shell |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112872329A CN112872329A (en) | 2021-06-01 |
| CN112872329B true CN112872329B (en) | 2022-03-18 |
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Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202683963U (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-01-23 | 钟祥市东方红铸造厂 | Casting mold of turbine case of compressor for airplane |
| CN202725978U (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-02-13 | 钟祥市东方红铸造厂 | Airborne casting mould of compressor middle casing |
| CN104148613B (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-02-10 | 无锡蠡湖叶轮制造有限公司 | A kind of compressor casing low pressure casting one mould four cavity mould |
| CN106735084A (en) * | 2016-12-25 | 2017-05-31 | 吴文革 | A kind of improved low pressure casting die |
| CN209647532U (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-11-19 | 无锡锡南铝业技术有限公司 | It is a kind of for casting the sand core of compressor casing |
| CN110918939B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-06-04 | 阿路米（无锡）有限公司 | Forming die and forming method for aluminum alloy product with suspension ribs |
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