CN112870741A - Evaporating system based on external heat pump - Google Patents
Evaporating system based on external heat pump Download PDFInfo
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- CN112870741A CN112870741A CN201911203890.5A CN201911203890A CN112870741A CN 112870741 A CN112870741 A CN 112870741A CN 201911203890 A CN201911203890 A CN 201911203890A CN 112870741 A CN112870741 A CN 112870741A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of heat pumps and evaporation, and discloses an evaporation system based on an external heat pump, which comprises a heat pump subsystem and an evaporation subsystem; the heat pump subsystem comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttling element and an evaporator which are sequentially communicated in a closed loop mode through a first pipeline; the evaporation subsystem is connected between the condenser and the evaporator and is used for carrying out single or multiple evaporation concentration by utilizing the heat energy of the condenser, and secondary steam generated by evaporation is condensed by the evaporator; by designing the coupling structure of the heat pump subsystem and the evaporation subsystem, the specific volume of the secondary steam generated by the evaporation subsystem and the entrained corrosive substances can not influence the compressor in the heat pump subsystem, so that the operation reliability of the system is improved, and the overall energy efficiency of the system is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat pumps and evaporation, in particular to an evaporation system based on an external heat pump, which can be applied to the technical field of evaporation of seawater desalination, wastewater evaporation concentration and fruit and vegetable juice concentration.
Background
The heat pump technology has the characteristics of high efficiency and energy conservation, and has obvious advantages in the fields of fruit juice concentration, protein concentration, seawater desalination and the like.
MVR is a short term for mechanical vapor recompression (mechanical vapor recompression), and is an energy saving technology that utilizes the secondary vapor generated by the evaporation system itself and its energy to raise the low-grade vapor into a high-grade vapor heat source by the mechanical work of the compressor, so as to provide heat energy to the evaporation system by this circulation, thereby reducing the demand for external energy.
Although MVR technology has significant energy savings in compressing the secondary vapor produced by the utilization system, direct compression of the secondary vapor also presents certain limitations. First, low temperatures increase the specific volume of the steam, for example: the specific volume of the saturated steam at 20 ℃ is increased by 34.5 times compared with that of the saturated steam at 100 ℃, so that the capacity of the compressor is increased by 34.5 times under the condition of the same evaporation capacity, and secondly, the secondary steam carries some corrosive substances with low boiling point, such as vitamin C, and the direct contact with the compressor can corrode the compressor, thereby reducing the service life of the compressor.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides an evaporation system based on an external heat pump, which is used for solving or partially solving the problem that the specific volume of secondary steam and entrained corrosive substances can influence a compressor when the conventional MVR technology directly compresses the secondary steam.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides an evaporation system based on an external heat pump, including a heat pump subsystem and an evaporation subsystem; the heat pump subsystem comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttling element and an evaporator which are sequentially communicated in a closed loop mode through a first pipeline; the evaporation subsystem is connected between the condenser and the evaporator and is used for carrying out single or multiple evaporation concentration by utilizing the heat energy of the condenser, and secondary steam generated by evaporation is condensed by the evaporator.
The evaporation subsystem comprises a plurality of evaporation units which are sequentially connected in series; the evaporation unit comprises a separator, a circulating water pump and a condenser, and a liquid phase outlet of the separator, the circulating water pump, the condenser and an inlet of the separator are communicated in a closed loop mode through a second pipeline in sequence; the evaporation unit positioned in the first effect adopts a condenser of the heat pump subsystem; and a gas phase outlet of the separator in the evaporation unit of the last effect is communicated with a condenser in the evaporation unit of the next effect through a third pipeline, and a gas phase outlet of the separator in the evaporation unit of the last effect is communicated with the evaporator through the third pipeline.
A liquid phase outlet of the separator in the evaporation unit is communicated with a fourth pipeline, and a liquid discharge pump is arranged on the fourth pipeline; and/or a liquid phase outlet of a separator in the evaporation unit of the next effect is communicated with a third pipeline in the evaporation unit of the previous effect through the fourth pipeline.
Wherein the evaporation subsystem further comprises a condensing unit; the condensation unit comprises a condensation water tank corresponding to the evaporation unit of each effect; the condensed water tank of each effect is communicated with a condenser in the evaporation unit of the next effect through a fifth pipeline, and the condensed water tank of the last effect is communicated with an evaporator through the fifth pipeline; and the condensed water tank is communicated with the vacuum pump through a sixth pipeline.
Wherein, also include the preheating subsystem; the preheating subsystem comprises a preheater corresponding to the evaporation unit of each effect; the condensed water tank of each effect is communicated with the preheater of the same effect through a seventh pipeline, and a condensed water pump is arranged on the seventh pipeline; the preheaters of each effect are sequentially connected in series through eighth pipelines and are communicated with the second pipeline in the last-effect evaporation unit, or the preheaters of each effect are correspondingly communicated with the second pipelines in the corresponding-effect evaporation units through the eighth pipelines.
The structure of the separator in each effect evaporation unit is different, and a gas phase outlet of the separator is provided with a demister.
Wherein the heat pump subsystem further comprises an economizer; one of the heat exchange passages of the economizer is connected in series between the condenser and the throttling element, and the other heat exchange passage is connected in series between the evaporator and the compressor.
The compressor is a variable frequency compressor, the throttling element is an electronic expansion valve, and the condenser, the evaporator and the economizer are plate heat exchangers.
(III) technical effects
According to the evaporation system based on the external heat pump, the closed heat pump subsystem consisting of the compressor, the condenser, the throttling element and the evaporator is designed, so that solution or water vapor in the evaporation subsystem performs wall-dividing type heat exchange with high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant in the condenser to perform evaporation concentration, secondary steam generated in the evaporation concentration process performs wall-dividing type heat exchange with low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant in the evaporator to be condensed by the evaporator and recover waste heat, the specific volume of the secondary steam generated by the evaporation subsystem and corrosive substances carried in the secondary steam cannot influence the compressor in the process, the operation reliability of the system is improved, and compared with an MVR (mechanical vapor recompression) system, the system has the advantages of relatively low investment cost, relatively simple structure, relatively convenient operation and wide application range of concentrating heat-sensitive materials, Seawater desalination and wastewater evaporation and concentration.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an external heat pump-based evaporation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a compressor; 2. a condenser; 3. a throttling element; 4. an evaporator; 5. a first pipeline; 6. a separator; 7. a water circulating pump; 8. a second pipeline; 9. a third pipeline; 10. a fourth pipeline; 11. a liquid discharge pump; 12. a condensate tank; 13. a fifth pipeline; 14. a sixth pipeline; 15. a vacuum pump; 16. a preheater; 17. a seventh pipeline; 18. a condensate pump; 19. an eighth pipeline; 20. an economizer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an external heat pump-based evaporation system, including a heat pump subsystem and an evaporation subsystem; the heat pump subsystem comprises a compressor 1, a condenser 2, a throttling element 3 and an evaporator 4 which are sequentially communicated in a closed loop mode through a first pipeline 5; the evaporation subsystem is connected between the condenser 2 and the evaporator 4, and is used for performing single or multiple evaporation concentration by using the heat energy of the condenser 2, and secondary steam generated by evaporation is condensed by the evaporator 4, wherein in fig. 1, the compressor 1, the throttling element 3 and the evaporator 4 are sequentially represented as comp, ev and evap.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, by designing the closed heat pump subsystem composed of the compressor 1, the condenser 2, the throttling element 3, and the evaporator 4, the solution or the water vapor in the evaporation subsystem performs recuperative heat exchange with the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant in the condenser 2 to perform single or multiple evaporation concentration, the secondary steam generated in the evaporation concentration process performs recuperative heat exchange with the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant in the evaporator 4, so as to be condensed by the evaporator 4, and the waste heat is recovered, in this process, the specific volume of the secondary steam generated in the evaporation subsystem and the corrosive substances carried by the secondary steam do not affect the compressor 1, and thus the operation reliability of the system is improved.
Further, in this embodiment, the evaporation subsystem includes a plurality of evaporation units connected in series in sequence; the evaporation unit comprises a separator 6, a circulating water pump 7 and a condenser 2, and a liquid phase outlet of the separator 6, the circulating water pump 7, the condenser 2 and an inlet of the separator 6 are sequentially communicated in a closed loop mode through a second pipeline 8; the evaporation unit positioned in the first effect adopts a condenser 2 of a heat pump subsystem; the gas phase outlet of the separator 6 in the last-effect evaporation unit is communicated with the condenser in the next-effect evaporation unit through a third pipeline 9, and the gas phase outlet of the separator 6 in the last-effect evaporation unit is communicated with the evaporator 4 through the third pipeline 9.
Specifically, as can be seen from the structure shown in fig. 1, the evaporation subsystem is formed by sequentially connecting a first-effect evaporation unit, a second-effect evaporation unit, a third-effect evaporation unit, and an … -th-effect evaporation unit in series, where N is a natural number greater than 1. The heat source of the first-effect evaporation unit is the condenser 2 of the heat pump subsystem, the cold source is the condenser of the second-effect evaporation unit, the cold source of the first-effect evaporation unit is the heat source of the second-effect evaporation unit, and so on, the cold source of the N-1-effect evaporation unit is the heat source of the N-th-effect evaporation unit, and when the N-th-effect evaporation unit is the final effect, the cold source is the evaporator 4 of the heat pump subsystem, wherein, the condensers of each stage in fig. 1 are sequentially represented as cond1, cond2 and … cond, and the circulating water pumps 7 of each stage are sequentially represented as cp1, cp2 and … cpN.
During actual operation, a high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant flowing in the condenser 2 of the heat pump subsystem exchanges heat with a solution circularly flowing in the first-effect evaporation unit, the solution is heated, the heated solution is boiled and evaporated in the separator 6, secondary steam generated by evaporation enters the second-effect evaporation unit and is condensed by the condenser in the second-effect evaporation unit, the solution circularly flowing in the second-effect evaporation unit is subjected to heat exchange with the condenser to promote the separator 6 to perform gas-liquid separation, and secondary steam is generated again in the process of evaporation and concentration of the solution, so that multi-effect evaporation and concentration are sequentially performed, a low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant flowing in the evaporator 4 of the heat pump subsystem exchanges heat with the secondary steam generated in the last-effect evaporation unit, and the secondary steam is condensed. Therefore, the heat pump subsystem is coupled with the multi-effect evaporation unit, waste heat of secondary evaporation can be effectively recovered, and the overall energy efficiency of the system is greatly improved.
Further, in the present embodiment, the liquid phase outlet of the separator 6 in the evaporation unit is communicated with a fourth pipeline 10, and a liquid discharge pump 11 is installed on the fourth pipeline 10; and/or the liquid phase outlet of the separator 6 in the next-effect evaporation unit is communicated with the third pipeline 9 in the last-effect evaporation unit through a fourth pipeline 10, wherein the corresponding liquid discharge pumps 11 in each stage are sequentially represented as ep1, ep2 and … epN in fig. 1.
Specifically, in actual operation, when evaporation concentration is performed in each evaporation unit, one part of the generated saturated liquid is discharged out of the system through the liquid discharge pump 11, while the other part of the saturated liquid can be further mixed with the concentrated liquid discharged by the corresponding next-effect separator 6 to continue evaporation concentration, and the secondary steam generated by the next-effect separator 6 is used as a heat source of the evaporation unit of the next effect to heat the circulating solution to perform evaporation concentration, wherein the concentration ratio of each evaporation unit is controlled by the liquid discharge amount.
Further, in this embodiment, the evaporation subsystem further includes a condensing unit; the condensing unit includes a condensed water tank 12 corresponding to the evaporating unit of each effect; the condensed water tank 12 of each effect is communicated with the condenser 2 in the evaporation unit of the next effect through a fifth pipeline 13, and the condensed water tank 12 of the last effect is communicated with the evaporator 4 through the fifth pipeline 13; the condensed water tanks 12 are connected to a vacuum pump 15 through a sixth pipeline 14, wherein the respective condensed water tanks 12 in fig. 1 are denoted dw1, dw2, … dwN in sequence, and the vacuum pump 15 is denoted vp.
Specifically, the secondary steam generated by evaporation and concentration in each effect separator 6 is condensed by the condenser 2 or the evaporator 4 of the next effect and the waste heat is recovered, and the condensed water is drained into the condensed water tank 12 by the self gravity. Since the vacuum pump 15 is communicated with each condensed water tank 12 through the sixth pipeline 14, the non-condensable gas in each effect evaporation unit can be extracted through the vacuum pump 15, the evaporation pressure of each effect evaporation unit is maintained, and a certain pressure difference exists between the condensed water tank 12 for single effect evaporation and the separator 6.
Further, the present embodiment further includes a preheating subsystem; the preheating subsystem includes a preheater 16 corresponding to the evaporation unit of each effect; the condensed water tank 12 of each effect is communicated with a preheater 16 positioned in the same effect through a seventh pipeline 17, and a condensed water pump 18 is arranged on the seventh pipeline 17; the preheaters 16 of each effect are sequentially connected in series through eighth pipelines 19 and are communicated with the second pipeline 8 in the last-effect evaporation unit, or the preheaters 16 of each effect are correspondingly communicated with the second pipelines 8 in the evaporation units of the corresponding effect through the eighth pipelines 19, wherein the preheaters 16 of each corresponding stage are sequentially represented as ph1, ph2 and … phN in fig. 1; the respective stages of condensed water pumps 18 are denoted dp1, dp2, … dpN in this order.
Specifically, in one embodiment of the system, the raw liquid enters from the preheating subsystem, is sequentially heated from the preheater 16 corresponding to the nth-effect evaporation unit to the preheater 16 corresponding to the first-effect evaporation unit, and enters from the nth-effect evaporation unit into the evaporation subsystem. And controlling the liquid discharge amount of the Nth effect according to the concentration ratio of the Nth effect, and discharging the concentrated liquid of the Nth effect evaporation unit into the N-1 th effect evaporation unit at the outlet of the separator 6. And after the stock solution preheated by the preheating subsystem is mixed with saturated solution at the outlet of the circulating water pump 7, the mixture is heated into superheated solution by the N-effect condenser 2, the superheated solution is evaporated and concentrated in the effect separator 6, and the secondary evaporator 4 generated by evaporation is condensed by the evaporator 4 in the heat pump subsystem, and waste heat is recovered. The condensed water is discharged into the condensed water tank 12 by means of its own weight, and then discharged out of the system through the preheater 16 by means of the condensed water pump 18, and heat-exchanged with the raw liquid in the preheater 16 to recover waste heat.
In another embodiment of the system, the raw liquid directly enters the evaporation units of the respective effects through the preheaters 16 of the respective effects to be evaporated and concentrated, and the condensed water in the condensed water tanks 12 corresponding to the evaporation units of the respective effects is conveyed to the preheaters 16 of the respective effects under the action of the condensed water pumps 18, so as to be discharged out of the system and exchange heat with the raw liquid in the preheaters 16 to recover waste heat.
Further, the structure of the separator 6 in each evaporation unit is different in this embodiment, and a demister is provided at the gas phase outlet of the separator 6.
Specifically, in the actual design, the separators 6 in each effective evaporation unit can be designed into a gas-liquid separation structure which is the same as or partially the same as or different in structure according to the requirement, and the liquid drops in the produced secondary steam can be effectively removed by arranging the demister at the gas phase outlet of the separator 6.
Further, in this embodiment, the heat pump subsystem further includes an economizer 20, and the economizer 20 is denoted as ec in fig. 1; one of the heat exchange passages of the economizer 20 is connected in series between the condenser 2 and the throttling element 3, and the other heat exchange passage is connected in series between the evaporator 4 and the compressor 1.
Specifically, by arranging the economizer 20 in the heat pump subsystem, the liquid refrigerant can be stabilized in an expansion refrigeration mode, and the power consumption of the compressor 1 is effectively reduced, so that the capacity and the efficiency of the system are greatly improved.
Further, the compressor 1 in the present embodiment is preferably an inverter compressor 1; the throttling element 3 is preferably an electronic expansion valve; the condenser 2, the evaporator 4, the economizer 20 and the preheater 16 are all preferably plate heat exchangers; the circulating water pump 7, the liquid discharge pump 11 and the condensate pump 18 are preferably variable frequency pumps; the condensate tank 12 and the separator 6 are preferably stainless steel double insulated tanks.
Further, in the present embodiment, the first pipe 5 of the heat pump subsystem may use an organic refrigerant, or may use an inorganic refrigerant, but is preferably an organic refrigerant.
Specifically, the heat pump subsystem adopts the organic refrigerant to effectively solve the problem that the specific volume of the vapor is larger in the low-temperature evaporation process, so that the displacement of the compressor 1 is increased, in addition, the initial investment of the evaporation system can be reduced, and compared with the vapor compressor 1, the specification of the compressor 1 adopting the organic refrigerant can be obviously reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An evaporation system based on an external heat pump, characterized in that,
comprises a heat pump subsystem and an evaporation subsystem;
the heat pump subsystem comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttling element and an evaporator which are sequentially communicated in a closed loop mode through a first pipeline;
the evaporation subsystem is connected between the condenser and the evaporator and is used for carrying out single or multiple evaporation concentration by utilizing the heat energy of the condenser, and secondary steam generated by evaporation is condensed by the evaporator.
2. An external heat pump based evaporation system according to claim 1,
the evaporation subsystem comprises a plurality of evaporation units which are sequentially connected in series;
the evaporation unit comprises a separator, a circulating water pump and a condenser, and a liquid phase outlet of the separator, the circulating water pump, the condenser and an inlet of the separator are communicated in a closed loop mode through a second pipeline in sequence;
the evaporation unit positioned in the first effect adopts a condenser of the heat pump subsystem;
and a gas phase outlet of the separator in the evaporation unit of the last effect is communicated with a condenser in the evaporation unit of the next effect through a third pipeline, and a gas phase outlet of the separator in the evaporation unit of the last effect is communicated with the evaporator through the third pipeline.
3. An external heat pump based evaporation system according to claim 2,
a liquid phase outlet of the separator in the evaporation unit is communicated with a fourth pipeline, and a liquid discharge pump is arranged on the fourth pipeline;
and/or a liquid phase outlet of a separator in the evaporation unit of the next effect is communicated with a third pipeline in the evaporation unit of the previous effect through the fourth pipeline.
4. An external heat pump based evaporation system according to claim 3,
the evaporation subsystem further comprises a condensing unit;
the condensation unit comprises a condensation water tank corresponding to the evaporation unit of each effect;
the condensed water tank of each effect is communicated with a condenser in the evaporation unit of the next effect through a fifth pipeline, and the condensed water tank of the last effect is communicated with an evaporator through the fifth pipeline;
and the condensed water tank is communicated with the vacuum pump through a sixth pipeline.
5. An external heat pump based evaporation system according to claim 4,
the system also comprises a preheating subsystem;
the preheating subsystem comprises a preheater corresponding to the evaporation unit of each effect;
the condensed water tank of each effect is communicated with the preheater of the same effect through a seventh pipeline, and a condensed water pump is arranged on the seventh pipeline;
the preheaters of each effect are sequentially connected in series through eighth pipelines and are communicated with the second pipeline in the last-effect evaporation unit, or the preheaters of each effect are correspondingly communicated with the second pipelines in the corresponding-effect evaporation units through the eighth pipelines.
6. An external heat pump based evaporation system according to claim 2,
the structure of the separator in each effect of the evaporation unit is different.
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| CN201911203890.5A CN112870741A (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2019-11-29 | Evaporating system based on external heat pump |
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| CN201911203890.5A CN112870741A (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2019-11-29 | Evaporating system based on external heat pump |
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