CN112865155B - Distributed energy storage system - Google Patents
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- CN112865155B CN112865155B CN202110267461.5A CN202110267461A CN112865155B CN 112865155 B CN112865155 B CN 112865155B CN 202110267461 A CN202110267461 A CN 202110267461A CN 112865155 B CN112865155 B CN 112865155B
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/14—Energy storage units
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed energy storage device, a distributed energy storage system, a distributed energy storage control method and a distributed energy storage medium. The distributed energy storage device includes: at least one energy storage device for connection to a common dc bus; the coordination controller is in communication connection with the at least one energy storage device and is used for controlling the at least one energy storage device; each energy storage device comprises a field controller and an energy storage unit, the field controller is in communication connection with the energy storage unit, and each field controller is in communication connection with the coordination controller. According to the invention, the coordination controller and the local controller are additionally arranged between the energy storage device and the control system, and the power and energy information of the energy storage unit is processed and then sent to the control system, so that the large-scale distributed energy storage device is realized, the power and energy information of a large number of energy storage units can be processed simultaneously and efficiently, and the problems of communication delay, congestion and loss caused by the gradient utilization and energy storage of a large number of retired batteries in the prior art are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power control, in particular to a large-scale distributed energy storage system suitable for echelon utilization.
Background
In recent years, china has become one of the largest electric vehicle markets in the world. However, the battery has a service life of only 4-8 years and must be replaced later. The power battery after retirement has 70% -80% of available capacity, so that the gradient utilization energy storage of the retired power battery becomes one of research directions in the field.
However, at present, certain difficulties exist in the development of energy storage by utilizing retired power batteries: as more and more power cells enter the retired market, the amount of retired power cells in China can reach hundreds of thousands of tons after a few years, and the existing small-scale energy storage application cannot absorb a huge amount of retired cells, so that a large-scale cascade utilization energy storage system must be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a distributed energy storage device, a distributed energy storage system, a distributed energy storage control method and a distributed energy storage medium, and aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art.
A distributed energy storage device according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention comprises:
at least one energy storage device for connection to a common dc bus;
the coordination controller is in communication connection with at least one energy storage device and is used for controlling the at least one energy storage device;
each energy storage device comprises a field controller and an energy storage unit, the field controller is in communication connection with the energy storage unit, each field controller is in communication connection with the coordination controller, and each energy storage unit is used for being connected to the public direct current bus.
The distributed energy storage device provided by the embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
in the prior art, the power information of the energy storage unit is directly sent to an external main control system for processing, but the information which can be processed in a short time by the main control system is limited, so that the power information of a large number of energy storage units cannot be processed at the same time and high efficiency. In the embodiment of the invention, the coordination controller and the field controller are additionally arranged between the energy storage device and the main control system, the coordination controller is in bidirectional communication with the main control system, the field controller and the energy storage device, and the power and energy information about the energy storage unit sent by the field controller is processed and then sent to the main control system, so that the large-scale distributed energy storage device is realized, the power information of a large number of energy storage units can be processed simultaneously and efficiently, and the problems of communication delay, congestion and loss caused by the gradient utilization of the energy storage of a large number of retired batteries in the prior art are solved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the energy storage unit comprises a battery unit and a bidirectional direct current chopper, the battery unit is connected to the common direct current bus through the bidirectional direct current chopper, and the field controller is respectively connected with the battery unit and the bidirectional direct current chopper in a communication mode.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the battery unit includes a battery pack and a battery management system, the battery pack being connected to the battery management system.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the distributed energy storage device further comprises a current transformer through which the common dc bus is connected to the transformer.
A distributed energy storage system according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention comprises:
at least one distributed energy storage device as described in the first aspect;
and the control system is in communication connection with at least one distributed energy storage device and is used for controlling the at least one distributed energy storage device.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the control system comprises a master controller and a monitoring platform, wherein the monitoring platform is in communication connection with the master controller, and the master controller is in communication connection with the distributed energy storage device.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the distributed energy storage system further comprises a transformer through which the distributed energy storage device is connected to an ac grid, the transformer being communicatively connected to the master controller.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a smart meter is further disposed at a connection between the transformer and the main controller, and is configured to detect output power of the distributed energy storage device in real time.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control method of a main controller, the method including:
judging a system power demand mode;
and calculating the active power value or the reactive power value which needs to be provided by the converter according to the judging result.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the control method of the main controller further comprises:
obtaining the output power of a distributed energy storage device;
comparing the output power with a power demand;
and sending the comparison result to a PID controller for power adjustment.
A control method of a coordination controller according to an embodiment of a fourth aspect of the present invention, the method including:
receiving a power instruction issued by a main controller;
judging whether the distributed energy storage device is in a hot standby state or not;
if the distributed energy storage device is not in the hot standby state, a first starting command is sent to the converter;
when the converter starts to operate, a second starting command is sent to the field controller, so that the field controller sends the starting command to the bidirectional direct current chopper and the battery management system.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the control method of the coordination controller further comprises:
setting all power instructions to zero;
transmitting a first stop command to a field controller, so that the field controller transmits the stop command to a bidirectional direct current chopper and a battery management system;
and when the bidirectional direct current chopper stops running, sending a second stop command to the converter.
A computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to execute:
the method of the third or fourth aspect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed energy storage device according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a distributed energy storage device according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a distributed energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a distributed energy storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a distributed energy storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a distributed energy storage system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of a host controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a graph of the ratio of reactive compensation amount to rated capacity of the converter output provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a control method of a host controller according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a distributed energy storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the comparison of simulation results of the effect of the PID controller according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a flow chart of a control method of a coordination controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a flowchart of a control method of a coordination controller according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that references to orientation descriptions such as upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a number is one or more, the meaning of a number is two or more, and greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood to exclude the present number, and the meaning of a number is understood to include the present number. The description of the first and second is for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly defined otherwise, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection, etc. should be construed broadly and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention can be reasonably determined by a person skilled in the art in combination with the specific contents of the technical scheme.
In the description of the present invention, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Along with the proposal of 'carbon reaching peak and carbon neutralization' in China, the new energy power generation industry is coming a new wave of development tide. However, as the duty ratio of wind energy and light energy in the electric power energy network is higher and higher, the electric power system can face more and more serious challenges in peak shaving and frequency modulation. The development of large-scale, inexpensive and safe energy storage systems would therefore be a trend towards future energy conversion targets. However, the battery has a service life of only 4-8 years and must be replaced later. The retired power battery has 70% -80% of available capacity, and can be applied to the field of echelon utilization energy storage. Therefore, the energy storage is utilized in a gradient manner for the retired power battery, and the retired problem of the battery and the energy storage requirement of a new energy system can be solved simultaneously, so that two purposes are achieved.
However, at present, certain difficulties exist in the development of energy storage by utilizing retired power batteries: on the one hand, as more and more power batteries enter the retired market, the amount of retired power batteries in China can reach hundreds of thousands of tons after a few years, and the existing small-scale energy storage application cannot absorb the retired batteries with huge amount, so that a large-scale echelon utilization energy storage system must be developed; on the other hand, the existing large-scale energy storage system has the characteristics of difficult real-time control, unstable system and inflexible system expansion, and particularly the problem that retired batteries of different brands and different specifications cannot be easily realized and simultaneously are subjected to heterogeneous compatibility in networking, so that the large-scale gradient utilization cost is too high, the economic benefit is too low and the development lag is caused.
Based on the above, the embodiment of the invention provides a large-scale distributed energy storage device, a system, a control method and a storage medium suitable for echelon utilization, which are flexible in networking and real-time and efficient in control based on a control idea and a management strategy combining localization and centralization, and are beneficial to promoting the rapid development of the echelon utilization and energy storage industry.
The technical scheme of the invention is described below with reference to the specific embodiments.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed energy storage device. As shown in fig. 1, the structure of the distributed energy storage device includes:
at least one energy storage device 100, the at least one energy storage device 100 being for connection to a common dc bus;
the coordination controller 200 is in communication connection with the at least one energy storage device 100, and is used for controlling the at least one energy storage device 100;
each energy storage device 100 includes a field controller 110 and an energy storage unit 120, the field controller 110 is communicatively connected to the energy storage unit 120, each field controller 110 is communicatively connected to the coordination controller 200, and each energy storage unit 120 is configured to be connected to a common dc bus.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the distributed energy storage device includes at least one energy storage device 100 (2 energy storage devices are illustrated as an example) and one coordination controller 200. The coordination controller 200 is used to implement control of each energy storage device 100. Each energy storage device 100 includes a field controller 110 and an energy storage unit 120, the field controller 110 being communicatively coupled to the energy storage unit 120. Each energy storage unit 120 is connected to a common dc bus in parallel. In the prior art, the power and energy information of the energy storage unit 120 is directly sent to an external control system for processing through a management system BMS of the battery and a control unit of the bidirectional direct current chopper, but the information which can be processed in a short time by the external control system is limited, so that the power information of a large number of energy storage units 120 cannot be processed simultaneously and efficiently. In the embodiment, the field controller 110 and the coordination controller 200 are additionally arranged between the energy storage device 100 and the control system, the coordination controller 200 is in bidirectional communication with the external control system and the field controller 110, and the power and energy information of the energy storage unit 120 is processed and then sent to the external control system, so that a large-scale distributed energy storage device is realized, the power and energy information of a large number of energy storage units 120 can be processed simultaneously and efficiently, and the problems of communication delay, congestion and loss caused by the cascade utilization of energy storage of a large number of retired batteries in the prior art are solved.
In some embodiments, the energy storage unit 120 includes a battery unit 121 and a bi-directional dc chopper 122, the battery unit 121 is connected to the common dc bus through the bi-directional dc chopper 122, and the field controller 110 is communicatively connected to the battery unit 121 and the bi-directional dc chopper 122, respectively.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the energy storage unit 120 includes a battery unit 121 and a bi-directional dc chopper 122, one end of the bi-directional dc chopper 122 is connected in series with the battery unit 121 through a dc breaker (not shown in fig. 2), and the other end is connected to a common dc bus. In this embodiment, the input voltage of all the bi-directional dc choppers 122 in fig. 2 is variable, for example: the voltage of the common dc bus is 400V, and the input voltage of the bidirectional dc chopper 122 can be set to be 200-400V, and the output voltage is 400V. Because each energy storage unit 120 has a single bidirectional direct current chopper 122 to control the battery unit 121, new and old batteries with different brands, different batches and different attenuation capacities can be simultaneously networked, and heterogeneous compatibility is realized.
In some embodiments, the battery unit 121 includes a battery pack and a battery management system, with the battery pack being connected to the battery management system.
In some embodiments, the battery cells 121 include a battery pack and a battery management system. The battery pack can contain new batteries or power batteries which are used in a ladder way after retirement. Each battery pack can be provided with a native Battery Management System (BMS), and a group of high-voltage direct-current switches are arranged inside the battery pack to connect the anode and the cathode of the battery pack with the outside. Optimally, retired power batteries are utilized in a echelon manner by adopting a whole package utilization mode, so that on one hand, the battery packages do not need to be disassembled, screened, recombined and reused, and the problem of consistency of the battery cores is avoided; on the other hand, the original shell protection of the power battery pack can be inherited, and the history data of the original battery management system can be acquired, so that more accurate calculation and evaluation of parameters such as SOC (state of charge), SOH (state of health) of the retired battery pack, internal resistance, residual life and the like are realized.
In some embodiments, the distributed energy storage device further comprises a current transformer through which the common dc bus is connected to the transformer.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the distributed energy storage device further includes a current transformer 300, through which the common dc bus is connected to the transformer.
In some embodiments, the distributed energy storage device further comprises a current transformer 300, one end of the current transformer 300 is connected to the common dc bus through a dc breaker, and the other end is connected to a transformer (not shown in fig. 3) through an ac breaker. The PCS of the converter can carry out protective charging or discharging on the battery, so that the active power and reactive power of the power grid can be regulated, and meanwhile, the operation safety of the battery can be ensured.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a distributed energy storage system. As shown in fig. 4, a schematic structural diagram of a distributed energy storage system includes:
at least one distributed energy storage device 400 as described in the first aspect;
the control system 500, the control system 500 is communicatively connected with the at least one distributed energy storage device 400, for implementing control of the at least one distributed energy storage device 400.
In some embodiments, the distributed energy storage system comprises at least one distributed energy storage device 400 and a control system 500 as described in the first aspect. The control system 500 is communicatively coupled to the at least one distributed energy storage device 400 for effecting control of the at least one distributed energy storage device 400. In connection with the description of the first aspect, the distributed energy storage system controls the coordination controller 200 in the plurality of distributed energy storage devices 400 through the control system 500, and the coordination controller 200 inside the distributed energy storage devices 400 controls the site controller 110 in the plurality of energy storage devices 100. The power and energy information of the energy storage units 120 are firstly sent to the field controllers 110 for processing, the plurality of field controllers 110 gather the processed information to the coordination controllers 200 for processing, and the plurality of coordination controllers 200 gather the processed information to the control system 500 for power adjustment, so that a large-scale distributed energy storage system is realized, the power and energy information of a large number of energy storage units can be processed simultaneously and efficiently, and the problems of communication delay, congestion and loss caused by the cascade utilization of energy storage of a large number of retired batteries in the prior art are solved.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the control system 500 includes a master controller 510 and a monitoring platform 520, the monitoring platform 520 is communicatively coupled to the master controller 510, and the master controller 510 is communicatively coupled to the distributed energy storage device 400.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6, the distributed energy storage system further includes a transformer 600, the distributed energy storage device 400 is connected to the ac power grid through the transformer 600, and the transformer 600 is communicatively connected to the main controller 510.
In some embodiments, the distributed energy storage system further comprises a transformer 600, the transformer 600 being communicatively coupled to the master controller 510. One end of the transformer 600 is connected to the distributed energy storage device 400 through an ac breaker (not shown in fig. 6), and the other end is connected to an ac grid through an ac breaker.
In some embodiments, the transformer 600 is a multi-winding transformer or a separate transformer.
In some embodiments, a smart meter is further provided at the connection between the transformer 600 and the main controller 510, for detecting the output power of the distributed energy storage device in real time.
With reference to the embodiments of the first aspect and the second aspect, the following describes a specific application example of the technical solution of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the overall architecture diagram of the distributed energy storage system includes M (M is an integer greater than or equal to 1) distributed energy storage devices, each of which is connected to an external AC power grid through a multi-winding transformer or a separate transformer. And an intelligent ammeter is arranged at the grid-connected position of the energy storage system and is used for detecting the power output of the energy storage system in real time. Each distributed energy storage device comprises a plurality of energy storage devices connected in parallel to a common dc bus, which is then connected to a transformer via a current transformer. The battery pack in each energy storage device is connected with the bidirectional direct current chopper in a serial connection mode. Each energy storage device also comprises a coordination controller and N (N is an integer more than or equal to 1) field controllers. The control system comprises a monitoring platform and a main controller. The field controller mainly controls and manages the battery management system BMS and the bidirectional direct current chopper; the coordination controller mainly controls and manages all field controllers and converters; and finally, all the coordination controllers are uniformly controlled and managed by the main controller. The technical scheme is based on a control idea and a management strategy which are combined with localization (namely a field controller locally controls a battery pack and a bidirectional direct current chopper) and centralization (namely a main controller uniformly controls a coordination controller), so that the network is flexible, the control is real-time and efficient, and the rapid development of energy storage industry, particularly echelon utilization energy storage, is facilitated.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling a main controller. As shown in fig. 8, a flow chart of a control method of the main controller includes:
step S100: judging a system power demand mode;
step S200: and calculating the active power value or the reactive power value which needs to be provided by the converter according to the judging result.
In some embodiments, the control method of the main controller is applied to the main controller described in the second aspect. It should be noted that the converter may operate in a pure P mode or a pure Q mode, and in the pure Q mode, that is, the active power demand is zero, and the reactive power demand is not zero, the system does not need to start the energy storage unit, and the reactive power output can be completed only by the converter. In the power judging link of the system control flow, the main controller mainly judges the power demand mode: if only active power demand exists, then the mode is pure P mode; if only reactive power is required, the mode is a pure Q mode; the active power demand and the reactive power demand are not zero, and the hybrid PQ mode is adopted.
In some embodiments, if in PQ mixed mode, the master controller needs to further determine whether active or reactive Q takes precedence. When the active power P is preferential, the main controller calculates the reactive power value which can be provided by the converter according to the following formula (1):
；
wherein Q1 is the reactive power allowance which can be provided by the converter, S is the rated power of the converter, and P1 is the active power which needs to be provided by the converter.
When the reactive power Q is prioritized, the main controller calculates the maximum active power value which can be output by the converter according to the following formula (2):
；
wherein P2 is the maximum active power allowance which can be output by the converter, S is the rated power of the converter, Q2 is the reactive power which the converter needs to output, and P2 also defines the maximum active power output range of the distributed energy storage device.
When the reactive Q is prioritized, the magnitude of the reactive power that the converter needs to output is determined according to the formula q2=f (U), as shown in fig. 9. The horizontal axis in fig. 9 is the ratio of the voltage deviation value U of the ac power grid to the rated voltage, and when the ratio is 0, it indicates that there is no deviation in voltage; when the ratio is positive, the voltage of the alternating current power grid is larger than rated voltage, and the converter is required to output inductive reactive power to compensate the inductive reactive power; when the ratio is negative, it means that the voltage of the ac network is lower than the rated voltage, which requires the converter to output capacitive reactive power to compensate for it. The vertical axis represents the ratio of the reactive compensation amount output by the converter to the rated capacity of the converter, and when the ratio is positive, the ratio represents that the converter outputs inductive reactive power, and conversely, represents that the converter outputs capacitive reactive power.
To avoid frequent starting of the converter, the distance between points a and B in fig. 9 is set to compensate dead band (Deadband), meaning that there is no need to compensate for the grid voltage, although it is biased. Compensation capacity ratio between points B and EThe calculation is performed according to the following formula (3):
；
wherein,represents the length between the two points B, E, +.>Represents the length between the two points E, F, +.>Representing the voltage deviation ratio, ">Representing the length between point B and the origin.
The compensation capacity ratios after exceeding E point are all set to the maximum inductive reactive compensation output ratio +.>。
The compensation capacity ratio from point a to point C is calculated according to the following equation (4):
；
wherein,represents the length between the two points A, C, +.>Represents the length between the two points C, D, +.>Representing the voltage deviation ratio, ">Representing the length between point a and the origin.
The compensation capacity ratios after exceeding the point C are all set to the maximum capacitive reactive compensation output ratio +.>。
According to reactive compensation output ratioAnd the sum of rated capacities S of all the converters can calculate the total reactive compensation quantity Q2 required to be provided by the distributed energy storage system and the reactive output required to be shared by each converter. The maximum active power P2 value that can be output remaining for each converter is then calculated according to the following equation (2), which also defines the maximum active power output range of the energy storage branch.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 10, the control method of the main controller further includes:
step S300: obtaining the output power of a distributed energy storage device;
step S400: comparing the output power with the power demand;
step S500: and sending the comparison result to a PID controller for power demand adjustment.
In some embodiments, the efficiency of the lithium ion battery is about 95%, if the lithium ion battery is a retired power battery, the efficiency is lower than 95%, meanwhile, power electronic devices such as a bidirectional direct current chopper and a converter also generate energy loss when performing power conversion, and the overall efficiency of the energy storage system is lower than 90% due to consumption of various auxiliary power supply systems. Therefore, there will be about 10% difference between the actual output and the power demand, and this difference is a very large number for a large-scale energy storage system, which greatly affects the effect of responding to the grid frequency modulation, voltage regulation, peak regulation demands. Therefore, in order to realize accurate control of output power, a PID controller needs to be added to quickly and effectively adjust the power requirement, as shown in fig. 11.
When each distributed energy storage device starts to operate, the main controller collects real-time output power of the distributed energy storage device through the intelligent ammeter, compares the real-time output power with power requirements, and inputs a comparison result into the PID controller (proportional-integral-derivative controller) to adjust the power requirements, so that the power output of the distributed energy storage system is still equal to the power requirements after various internal losses are deducted, and accurate control of the power is achieved.
As shown in FIG. 12, a comparison chart of the PID controller effect simulation results is shown. In this embodiment, there is a response delay of 3s and a deviation of about 10% between the active power output and the power demand of the distributed energy storage device, and after the PID controller is added to adjust, the output power enters a stable state after about 10s and coincides with the power demand, which means that after various losses of the system are subtracted, the output power is still equal to the power demand.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a control method of a coordination controller. As shown in fig. 13, a flow chart of a control method of the coordination controller includes:
step S600: receiving a power instruction issued by a main controller;
step S700: judging whether the distributed energy storage device is in a hot standby state or not;
step S800: if the distributed energy storage device is not in the hot standby state, a first starting command is sent to the converter;
step S900: when the converter starts to operate, a second starting command is sent to the field controller, so that the field controller sends the second starting command to the bidirectional direct current chopper and the battery management system.
In some embodiments, the control method of the coordination controller is applied to the coordination controller described in the first aspect. Because the main controller updates the power instructions sent by each coordination controller according to the set frequency, after each coordination controller receives the power instructions sent by the main controller, whether the corresponding distributed energy storage device is in a hot standby state or not is firstly judged, if the energy storage branch is in the hot standby state, the system is in an operating state, and a starting link is not needed; if the energy storage branch is not in the hot standby state, the coordination controller sends a first starting command to the converter, the converter performs a series of self-checking and voltage/current adjustment after receiving the first starting command, determines that no fault exists, enters the hot standby state, and then closes a direct current switch connected with the public direct current bus to adjust the voltage of the public direct current bus to the minimum allowable value. After the converter is started and successfully enters a hot standby state, whether the power requirement belongs to a pure Q mode is judged again. If the power demand is in the pure Q mode, the coordination controller does not need to start the field controller, the battery pack and the bidirectional direct current chopper, and the reactive power output can be completed only by the converter. If the power requirement does not belong to the pure Q mode, the system is represented to belong to the PQ hybrid mode, the coordination controller continuously sends a second starting command to each field controller participating in active power distribution, and the field controller sends the second starting command to the corresponding bidirectional direct current chopper and battery management system after receiving the second starting command. And after receiving the second starting command, the bidirectional direct current chopper performs a series of self-tests, confirms that the voltage, the current and the state information are in a hot standby state after no faults, closes a direct current switch between the bidirectional direct current chopper and the battery pack, and adjusts the upper voltage (connected with the public direct current bus) to the lowest allowable value. The battery management system then closes the dc switch inside the battery pack. Thus, after the starting is finished, the distributed energy storage device is in a hot standby state.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 14, the control method of the coordination controller further includes:
step S1000: setting all power instructions to zero;
step S1100: transmitting a first stop command to the field controller to cause the field controller to transmit the first stop command to the bi-directional dc chopper and the battery management system;
step S1200: and when the bidirectional direct current chopper stops running, sending a second stop command to the converter.
In some embodiments, if the distributed energy storage system receives a power dispatch stop command issued by the master controller or the active/reactive demand is zero and exceeds a set time value, the system enters a stop link. The coordinator controller first sets all power commands to zero while sending a first stop command to each site controller. After receiving the first stop command, the field controller firstly sends the first stop command to the battery management systems respectively managed, so that the field controller turns off the direct current switch in the battery pack. And then sending a first stopping command to the bidirectional direct current chopper, after the bidirectional direct current chopper sets the current reference value to zero, switching off a direct current switch between the bidirectional direct current chopper and the battery pack, and finally stopping the bidirectional direct current chopper.
The coordination controller can always detect whether all the bidirectional direct current choppers in the distributed energy storage device stop running before sending a second stop command to the converter, and because the bidirectional direct current choppers directly stop running when not going out of running, surge voltage can occur to the common direct current bus so as to burn related fuses and even damage power components connected with the common direct current bus. After confirming that all the bidirectional DC choppers are stopped, the coordination controller sends a second stop command to the corresponding converter, the converter turns off the DC switch between the converter and the common DC bus, and finally the converter stops and stops running. So far, the distributed energy storage system stops running.
With reference to the embodiments of the third aspect and the fourth aspect, the control flow of the distributed energy storage system includes the following three main links: power determination, system start, system stop.
The invention can realize the independent or mixed networking of the new and old batteries by the technical scheme of combining the dispersion and the centralized control. In a small-scale application scene, independent operation of the energy storage branch can be realized without participation of the main controller, and unified coordination operation of the large-scale energy storage system can be realized through control of the main controller on a plurality of distributed energy storage devices. Meanwhile, PID adjustment is carried out on the power output of the system, so that the power output of the system can be ensured to be equal to the power demand, and the effect and the response speed of power response are ensured.
In a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to perform:
the method of the third or fourth aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the first distributed energy storage system performs modularized management, has a flexible networking mode, and can realize power change from KW level to MW level of the distributed energy storage system and rapid deployment of the energy storage system;
secondly, a series of problems of real-time control, data volume transmission, compatibility, stability and the like of the large-scale distributed energy storage system can be solved;
thirdly, each battery pack is controlled by an independent bidirectional direct current chopper, so that new batteries or retired power batteries with different brands and different attenuation capacities are allowed to be simultaneously networked, and heterogeneous compatibility is realized;
fourth, the control system adopts the PID controller to accurately control the power output, so that the power output of the distributed energy storage system is still equal to the power demand after various internal losses are deducted, and the effects of the energy storage system in responding to the frequency modulation and peak shaving of the power grid are guaranteed.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps, systems, and methods disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. Some or all of the physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as known to those skilled in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by a computer. Furthermore, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Claims (6)
1. A distributed energy storage system, comprising:
at least one distributed energy storage device, the distributed energy storage device comprising:
at least one energy storage device for connection to a common dc bus;
the coordination controller is in communication connection with at least one energy storage device and is used for controlling the at least one energy storage device;
each energy storage device comprises a field controller and an energy storage unit, the field controller is in communication connection with the energy storage unit, each field controller is in communication connection with the coordination controller, and each energy storage unit is used for being connected to the public direct current bus;
the coordination controller is used for processing the power information of the energy storage unit sent by the field controller and then sending the processed power information to the main control system;
the distributed energy storage system further comprises:
the control system is in communication connection with at least one distributed energy storage device and is used for controlling the at least one distributed energy storage device;
the control system comprises a main controller and a monitoring platform, wherein the monitoring platform is in communication connection with the main controller, and the main controller is in communication connection with the distributed energy storage device;
the main controller is used for judging a system power demand mode and calculating an active power value or a reactive power value which needs to be provided by the converter according to a judging result;
the main controller is used for: obtaining the output power of the distributed energy storage device, comparing the output power with the power demand, and sending a comparison result to a PID controller for power adjustment;
the coordination controller is used for: receiving a power instruction issued by the main controller, judging whether the distributed energy storage device is in a hot standby state, if the distributed energy storage device is not in the hot standby state, sending a first starting command to the converter, and if the power demand mode is a pure Q mode, finishing reactive power output by the converter without starting the field controller, the battery pack and the bidirectional direct current chopper; if the power demand mode is not the pure Q mode, a second starting command is sent to the field controller, so that the field controller sends the second starting command to the bidirectional direct current chopper and the battery management system;
the coordination controller is further configured to: and setting all power instructions to be zero, sending a first stop command to the field controller, enabling the field controller to send the first stop command to the bidirectional direct current chopper and the battery management system, and sending a second stop command to the converter when the bidirectional direct current chopper stops running.
2. The distributed energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the energy storage unit comprises a battery unit and a bi-directional dc chopper, the battery unit is connected to the common dc bus through the bi-directional dc chopper, and the field controller is communicatively connected to the battery unit and the bi-directional dc chopper, respectively.
3. The distributed energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the battery cells comprise a battery pack and a battery management system, the battery pack being connected to the battery management system.
4. A distributed energy storage system according to claim 1, further comprising the converter through which the common dc bus is connected to a transformer.
5. The distributed energy storage system of claim 1, further comprising a transformer through which the distributed energy storage device is connected to an ac power grid, the transformer being communicatively connected to the master controller.
6. The distributed energy storage system of claim 5, wherein a smart meter is further provided at a junction of the transformer and the main controller for detecting the output power of the distributed energy storage device in real time.
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