CN112864628A - Antenna structure and wearable equipment - Google Patents
Antenna structure and wearable equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112864628A CN112864628A CN202110044569.8A CN202110044569A CN112864628A CN 112864628 A CN112864628 A CN 112864628A CN 202110044569 A CN202110044569 A CN 202110044569A CN 112864628 A CN112864628 A CN 112864628A
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides an antenna structure and wearable equipment, and relates to the technical field of antennas. The antenna structure comprises a medium substrate, a radiation patch and a coplanar waveguide structure, wherein the coplanar waveguide structure comprises a feed line and a ground plane, the radiation patch is attached to one surface of the medium substrate, the feed line and the ground plane are attached to the other surface of the medium substrate, a gap is etched in the ground plane, and the feed line is arranged in the gap. The coplanar waveguide structure is arranged, so that the ground surface of the coplanar waveguide structure can reflect signals radiated to the surface of a human body by the radiation patch, the backward radiation of the antenna is reduced, meanwhile, the signal strength of the antenna can be enhanced through the reflection effect, the gain of the antenna is ensured, the radiation to the human body can be reduced, the gain of the antenna can be increased, and the balance between the gain of the antenna and the backward radiation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an antenna structure and wearable equipment.
Background
The rapid development of the mobile internet marks the formal start of the world of everything interconnection along with the formal business of 5G. Wearable equipment has met wide development space as the focus of thing networking application. In order to study the propagation characteristics of wearable devices in the body area network, the IEEE802.15 standardization group is specifically established, and according to the different operation modes, the communication in the body area network is divided into: intra-body communication, surface communication, and extra-body communication. The antenna, which is an indispensable device for transmitting and receiving signals in a wireless network, is inevitably a critical point of research.
In the wearable antenna in the prior art, the radiation power of the antenna is required to be as small as possible in consideration of the health problem of a human body; considering that the wearable antenna is an important component of a human body local area network, the quality and stability of an external channel are required to be as good as possible, and antenna characteristics such as antenna gain and directional diagram need to be considered more, which leads to the problem that the prior art cannot well balance the radiation power and antenna gain of the antenna, and leads to poor antenna performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present application is to provide an antenna structure and a wearable device.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present application employ the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna structure, the antenna structure includes a medium substrate, a radiation patch and a coplanar waveguide structure, the coplanar waveguide structure includes a feed line and a ground plane, the radiation patch is attached to one side of the medium substrate, the feed line reaches the ground plane is attached to the other side of the medium substrate, a gap is etched on the ground plane, and the feed line is disposed in the gap.
In an alternative embodiment, the effective dielectric constant of the coplanar waveguide structure satisfies:
wherein epsiloneIs the effective dielectric constant, epsilon, of the coplanar waveguide structurerAnd h is the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, d is the width of the gap, k is w/(w +2d), and w is the width of the feed line.
In an alternative embodiment, the impedance characteristic of the supply line is such that:
wherein Z is0Is an impedance characteristic of the feeder line, Z01Is a reference value of characteristic impedance of the coplanar waveguide structure, and
k (K) denotes a first type of elliptic function, K '(K) ═ K (K'),
ε0is the dielectric constant of air, c is the speed of light, and
in an alternative embodiment, the outer edge of the ground plane coincides with the outer edge of the dielectric substrate.
In an alternative embodiment, the outer edge of the ground plane and the outer edge of the dielectric substrate are both rectangular.
In an alternative embodiment, the feeder is T-shaped, U-shaped, H-shaped, or I-shaped.
In an alternative embodiment, the feed line and the ground plane are both metal patches.
In an alternative embodiment, the radiating patch is attached to the central region of the dielectric substrate.
In an alternative embodiment, the dielectric substrate is an epoxy resin having a dielectric constant of 1.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a wearable device, where the wearable device includes the antenna structure according to any one of the above embodiments.
The antenna structure and the wearable device provided by the embodiment of the application comprise a medium substrate, a radiation patch and a coplanar waveguide structure, wherein the coplanar waveguide structure comprises a feed line and a ground plane, the radiation patch is attached to one surface of the medium substrate, the feed line and the ground plane are attached to the other surface of the medium substrate, a gap is etched in the ground plane, and the feed line is arranged in the gap. The coplanar waveguide structure is arranged, so that the ground surface of the coplanar waveguide structure can reflect signals radiated to the surface of a human body by the radiation patch, the backward radiation of the antenna is reduced, meanwhile, the signal strength of the antenna can be enhanced through the reflection effect, the gain of the antenna is ensured, the radiation to the human body can be reduced, the gain of the antenna can be increased, and the balance between the gain of the antenna and the backward radiation is realized.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application at a first viewing angle.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application at a second viewing angle.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 shows a simulation diagram of a return loss curve of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application when the antenna structure operates in a target frequency band (e.g., 2.45 GHz).
Fig. 5 shows a simulation diagram of 3D radiation when the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application operates at a target frequency.
Fig. 6 shows an E-plane simulation diagram of the antenna structure provided in the embodiment of the present application when the antenna structure operates at a target frequency.
Icon: 100-an antenna structure; 110-a media substrate; 120-a radiating patch; 130-coplanar waveguide structure; 132-a ground plane; 134-a feed line.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present application without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is further noted that, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally arranged when products of the application are used, and are used only for convenience in describing the application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the application. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The embodiment of the present application provides an antenna structure 100, which can better balance antenna gain and back radiation. Please refer to fig. 1 and 2, which are schematic structural diagrams of the antenna structure 100 in a first viewing angle and a second viewing angle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna structure 100 includes a dielectric substrate 110, a radiation patch 120, and a coplanar waveguide structure 130, where the coplanar waveguide structure 130 includes a feeding line 134 and a ground plane 132, the radiation patch 120 is attached to one surface of the dielectric substrate 110, the feeding line 134 and the ground plane 132 are attached to the other surface of the dielectric substrate 110, a slot is etched on the ground plane 132, and the feeding line 134 is disposed in the slot.
The dielectric substrate 110 is used for mounting the radiation patch 120 and the coplanar waveguide structure 130. In an alternative embodiment, the dielectric substrate 110 may be a substrate made of epoxy resin, FR-4 epoxy fiberglass cloth, teflon, or the like. The specific material selection can be selected according to actual requirements. In an alternative embodiment, the dielectric substrate 110 is an epoxy resin with a dielectric constant of 1. Epoxy resins have outstanding dimensional stability and durability and still have good electrical insulating properties at higher frequencies.
The radiation patch 120 is used to receive or transmit electromagnetic wave signals for communication with other devices. In an alternative embodiment, the radiating patch 120 is attached to the central region of the dielectric substrate 110. It can be understood that, by disposing the radiation patch 120 in the central region of the dielectric substrate 110, the signal radiated by the radiation patch 120 is radiated from the center of the antenna to the periphery, and the distribution is relatively uniform.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the coplanar waveguide structure 130 includes a feeding line 134 and a ground plane 132, and a slot is etched on the ground plane 132, and the feeding line 134 is installed in the slot.
It is understood that the ground plane 132 can reflect the signal radiated by the radiating patch 120 toward the surface of the human body, thereby reducing the backward radiation of the antenna structure 100 and reducing the radiation of the signal to the human body; meanwhile, the reflection effect can also reduce the return loss, and the effect of increasing the gain of the antenna structure 100 is achieved.
In an alternative embodiment, the outer edge of the ground plane 132 coincides with the outer edge of the dielectric substrate 110. This has the advantage that the area of the ground plane 132 can be increased as much as possible in a limited volume, thereby reducing back radiation as much as possible.
It should be noted that the feeding line 134 and the ground plane 132 may be made of a metal material. The metal material may be conductive material such as copper, iron, aluminum, zinc, silver, nickel, chromium, or metal alloy. In an alternative embodiment, copper may be selected for use which is less lossy and more economical.
The shapes and sizes of the ground plane 132, the dielectric substrate 110, and the power feeding line 134 are determined according to the target operating frequency band of the antenna structure 100, the outer edge of the ground plane 132 and the outer edge of the dielectric substrate 110 may be circular or elliptical, and the power feeding line 134 may be T-shaped, U-shaped, H-shaped, I-shaped, or any shape.
In the embodiment of the present application, the outer edge of the ground plane 132 and the outer edge of the dielectric substrate 110 may be rectangular, and the feeding line 134 may be T-shaped. By adopting the T-shaped feeder line 134 and setting parameters such as the width thereof, the antenna structure 100 can operate in a 2.45GHz frequency band under a certain size, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the size of the antenna structure 100.
The antenna structure 100 can support the target operating frequency by setting the sizes of the slot, the ground plane 132, the dielectric substrate 110, and the power feed line 134 and selecting the dielectric substrate 110 of an appropriate material.
Wherein the impedance characteristics of the feed line 134 satisfy:
wherein Z is0Characteristic of impedance of the feed line 134, Z01Is a characteristic impedance reference value, ε, of the coplanar waveguide structure 130eIs the effective dielectric constant of the coplanar waveguide structure 130.
In the above formula, ∈eIt can be calculated by a quasi-static method:
wherein epsilonrIn the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 110, h is the thickness of the dielectric substrate 110, d is the width of the slot, k is w/(w +2d), and w is the width of the feed line 134.
And Z01I.e. characterize εrThe characteristic impedance of the coplanar waveguide at 1 can be calculated by the following equation:
wherein epsilon0K (K) represents an elliptic function of the first kind, K '(K) ═ K (K'),
thus:
analysis shows that the impedance characteristics of the feed line 134 are related to the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 110, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 110, the width of the gap, and the width of the feed line 134.
In the embodiment of the present application, the antenna structure 100 may be used in an international common ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) frequency band of 2.45GHz (2.42GHz-2.485GHz), and the 2.45GHz is used as a target frequency band, and simulation is performed by combining the above-mentioned correlation equation of characteristic impedance, and the following results are obtained.
Please refer to fig. 4, which is a simulation diagram of a return loss curve of the antenna structure 100 according to the embodiment of the present application when the antenna structure operates in a target frequency band (e.g., 2.45 GHz). It can be seen that the antenna structure 100 has a minimum return loss at 2.45GHz, with a high gain.
Please refer to fig. 5 and 6, which are a 3D radiation simulation diagram and an E-plane simulation diagram of the antenna structure 100 according to the embodiment of the present application when operating at the target frequency. It can be seen that the radiation is mainly concentrated on the front side of the antenna, the radiation on the back side is very small, the directivity is very strong, the harm of the antenna radiation to human bodies is effectively reduced, and the radiation gain in the maximum direction of the antenna can reach 6.37 dB.
As can be seen from the above, the antenna structure 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively reduce the back radiation and enhance the gain by providing the ground plane 132 and the power feeding line 134.
The embodiment of the present application further provides a wearable device, and the wearable device includes the antenna structure 100 of any one of the above-mentioned embodiments.
In summary, the antenna structure 100 and the wearable device provided in the embodiment of the present application include a dielectric substrate 110, a radiation patch 120 and a coplanar waveguide structure 130, the coplanar waveguide structure 130 includes a feeding line 134 and a ground plane 132, the radiation patch 120 is attached to one side of the dielectric substrate 110, the feeding line 134 and the ground plane 132 are attached to the other side of the dielectric substrate 110, a slot is etched on the ground plane 132, and the feeding line 134 is disposed in the slot. It can be understood that, by providing the coplanar waveguide structure 130, the ground plane 132 thereof can reflect the signal radiated from the radiation patch 120 to the surface of the human body, so that the signal strength of the antenna can be enhanced by reflection while the back radiation of the antenna is reduced, thereby ensuring the gain of the antenna, and not only reducing the radiation to the human body but also increasing the gain of the antenna, thereby achieving the balance between the gain of the antenna and the back radiation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The antenna structure is characterized by comprising a medium substrate, a radiation patch and a coplanar waveguide structure, wherein the coplanar waveguide structure comprises a feeder line and a ground plane, the radiation patch is attached to one surface of the medium substrate, the feeder line and the ground plane are attached to the other surface of the medium substrate, a gap is etched in the ground plane, and the feeder line is arranged in the gap.
2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the effective dielectric constant of the coplanar waveguide structure satisfies:
wherein epsiloneIs the effective dielectric constant, epsilon, of the coplanar waveguide structurerAnd h is the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate, d is the width of the gap, k is w/(w +2d), and w is the width of the feed line.
3. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the impedance characteristics of the feed line satisfy:
wherein Z is0Is an impedance characteristic of the feeder line, Z01Is a reference value of characteristic impedance of the coplanar waveguide structure, and
k (K) denotes a first type of elliptic function, K '(K) ═ K (K'),
ε0is the dielectric constant of air, c is the speed of light, and
4. an antenna structure according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the outer edge of the ground plane coincides with the outer edge of the dielectric substrate.
5. The antenna structure of claim 4, wherein the outer edge of the ground plane and the outer edge of the dielectric substrate are both rectangular.
6. An antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the feed line is T-shaped, U-shaped, H-shaped or I-shaped.
7. An antenna structure according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the feed line and the ground plane are both metal patches.
8. The antenna structure according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the radiating patch is attached to the central region of the dielectric substrate.
9. The antenna structure according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the dielectric substrate is an epoxy resin with a dielectric constant of 1.
10. A wearable device, characterized in that the wearable device comprises an antenna structure according to any of claims 1-9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110044569.8A CN112864628A (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2021-01-13 | Antenna structure and wearable equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110044569.8A CN112864628A (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2021-01-13 | Antenna structure and wearable equipment |
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| CN112864628A true CN112864628A (en) | 2021-05-28 |
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| CN202110044569.8A Pending CN112864628A (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2021-01-13 | Antenna structure and wearable equipment |
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| CN1776963A (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2006-05-24 | 上海大学 | Super-wide band high-gain printed-gap antenna |
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| JP2018046403A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-22 | 株式会社フジクラ | Microstrip antenna |
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| CN210468115U (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-05-05 | 南京林业大学 | Rectangular slotted high-gain microstrip antenna fed by coplanar waveguide |
| CN111740217A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-10-02 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Antenna assembly and electronic equipment |
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2021
- 2021-01-13 CN CN202110044569.8A patent/CN112864628A/en active Pending
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| CN1776963A (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2006-05-24 | 上海大学 | Super-wide band high-gain printed-gap antenna |
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| CN105048077A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-11-11 | 厦门大学 | Double-triangular-groove embedded coplanar waveguide monopole multiple-input and multiple-outlet antenna |
| JP2018046403A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-22 | 株式会社フジクラ | Microstrip antenna |
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