CN112859148B - Unpolarized ray source structure for calibrating polarization degree - Google Patents
Unpolarized ray source structure for calibrating polarization degree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a structure of a non-polarized ray source for calibrating polarization degree, which comprises a collimator, a source changing disc and at least two radioactive sources which are different from each other, wherein each radioactive source adopts a radionuclide which is different from radionuclides adopted by other radioactive sources in the at least two radioactive sources, so that the non-polarized ray source comprises at least two radionuclides which respectively send non-polarized rays with different energies, the source changing disc can rotate relative to the collimator, the rotating direction of the source changing disc is perpendicular to or approximately perpendicular to the collimation direction of the collimator, the at least two radioactive sources are independently arranged along the circumferential direction of the source changing disc at intervals, and the source changing disc rotates to align one radioactive source in the at least two radioactive sources to the collimator so that the radiation energy generated by the radioactive source which is aligned to the collimator is emitted after being collimated by the collimator.
Description
The invention relates to a method and a device for calibrating the polarization degree of a space radiation detector, which are classified according to the application number 201910916339.9, the application date 2019, 9 and 26, and the application type.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-energy ray detection and calibration, in particular to a non-polarized ray source structure for calibrating polarization degree.
Background
The principle of operation of a spatial radiation detector, also called a nuclear radiation detector, is based on the interaction of particles with a material. As the particles pass through a material, the material absorbs some or all of its energy to produce ionization or excitation. If the particles are gamma rays or X rays, the particles are subjected to a plurality of intermediate processes to generate photoelectric effect, compton effect or positive and negative ion pairs, and partial or all energy is transferred to orbital electrons of the substances to generate ionization or excitation. For uncharged neutral particles, such as neutrons, charged particles are generated by nuclear reactions and then cause ionization or excitation. The radiation detector uses a proper detection medium as a substance which acts with the particles to convert ionization or excitation generated by the particles in the detection medium into various forms of information which can be directly or indirectly accepted by human senses.
Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) is one of the semiconductor nuclear radiation detectors which is currently attracting attention, and has the comprehensive advantages of small volume, higher resistivity, wider forbidden bandwidth and the like. The volume is small, so that the CZT detector has stronger compatibility in group detection and has great advantages in space detection; the CZT detector has higher resistivity and wider forbidden bandwidth, so that the CZT detector has lower dark current at room temperature, the low-temperature application condition of the common Si and Ge semiconductor detector is broken through, and the complexity of a detection system is effectively reduced. The radiation detection technology research based on the CZT material can provide a new detection technology approach for the fields of medical diagnosis, industrial flaw detection, space radiation detection and the like. At present, CZT detectors have found wide application in energy spectrum measurement, and in pulsed radiation detection, room temperature semiconductor detectors with fast time response (on the order of ns) and high signal-to-noise ratio are provided.
The CdZnTe crystal adopted in the detector is used as a new material of the room-temperature semiconductor nuclear radiation detector with excellent performance, which is developed in recent years, and has a zinc blende structure and a space group of F43m. CdZnTe crystals are due to the lower resistivity of CdTe crystals. The manufactured detector has larger leakage current and lower energy resolution, and the forbidden bandwidth of the detector is increased after Zn is doped in CdTe. The device has the advantages of higher intrinsic detection efficiency, insensitivity to humidity, small volume, good energy resolution to X-rays and gamma-rays at room temperature, energy detection range of 10 keV-6 MeV, no polarization phenomenon, suitability for photons with the energy of 10-500 keV of the detector, and good working at room temperature.
The CZT detector has extremely high application prospect in the aspect of high-energy physics, for example, the CZT detector can be used for an acceleration system of high-energy particles and also can be used for a space test as an instrument for testing the polarization degree of rays. For example, a gamma storm polarization detector (called an 'astronomical telescope' for short) carried by a space laboratory of the Tiangong II of the Chinese manned aerospace engineering completes high-precision polarization detection of gamma ray storm instantaneous radiation, achieves a preset scientific target, and related achievements are published on the International journal of academic Nature-Astronomy (Nature Astronomy) on line for 1 month and 14 days. Space application capability construction is highly valued in Chinese manned space engineering. The space laboratory of day two, 9 and 15, successfully launches in 2016, and the space application system totally develops 14 space science and application tasks, which embody the front edge of international science and the development direction of high technology, wherein the space application system comprises a large-area, large-field and high-precision gamma polarization detector (POLAR for short) which is jointly developed by Chinese and European scientists from the national academy of sciences high-energy physical institute, the university of Switzerland Paul research institute, the national nuclear research center of Poland and the like in the world. During the on-orbit running, the gamma storm polarization detector has good performance and accurate calibration, completes all on-orbit observation tasks, totally detects 55 gamma storms, carries out high-precision polarization measurement on 5 gamma storms, is the largest high-precision gamma storm polarization measurement sample internationally so far, finds that the average polarization degree during the gamma storm burst is lower, is about 10 percent, and finds that the gamma storm evolves in the polarization angle in a single pulse. The gamma polarization detector is a typical international cooperation project of manned space engineering in China, and successfully operates to lay a solid technical foundation and accumulate precious experience for the development of next-generation space high-energy astronomical observation instruments and further deepen the international cooperation of space science. Therefore, scientists in swiss, germany, polish, etc. have constituted an expanded gamma storm polarization detector, and subsequent international collaboration teams, and scientists in sweden, japan, etc. have also expressed the willingness and contribution to join in collaboration. The expanded international collaboration team has formally submitted the proposal of the subsequent experiment 'gamma-ray polarization detector No. two' (POLAR-2 for short) of the Chinese space station, the scientific capability is greatly improved, and the key contribution to finally solving the formation of black holes and the serious scientific problems generated by extreme relativity jet flow is expected.
Calibration or calibration of the detector polarization degree is a precondition for obtaining accurate polarization degree characteristics, and is also a key step. Currently, calibration is performed by using a synchrotron to form 100% linear polarization when calibrating the polarization degree and the energy response efficiency of a detector. However, synchrotrons occupy a large area and are expensive to use. For mass-produced detectors, if each is calibrated or calibrated with a synchrotron, not only is a lot of resources wasted and the calibration efficiency is low, but it is also obviously impractical from the cost point of view.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a device for calibrating the degree of polarization of a spatial radiation detector, and more particularly, to a device for forming an environment for calibrating the degree of polarization, comprising: a rotor including an inner ring and an outer ring rotatable relative to each other about a central rotational axis; a diffuser on which incident unpolarized radiation is Compton scattered to form polarized radiation; and a non-polarized radiation source in which non-polarized radiation is generated by the radiation source and is collimated to be incident on the scatterer; when the calibration work is carried out, the first space radiation detector to be calibrated is fixed relative to the outer ring, the unpolarized ray source is fixed relative to the inner ring, and the unpolarized ray source can rotate along with the inner ring to change the incidence angle of unpolarized rays generated by the unpolarized ray source on the scattering body, so that polarized rays with different degrees of polarization for calibrating the first space radiation detector to be calibrated can be formed at the fixed position of the first space radiation detector to be calibrated according to different incidence angles.
In the calibration device according to the invention, the first spatial radiation detector to be calibrated is allowed to do circular motion relative to the unpolarized radiation source, and in combination with a proper scatterer, not only can the measurement calibration of the degree of polarization of a larger range be performed within a wide angle range (meaning that the applicable range of the calibration is almost infinite), but also a modularized assembly mode is realized, the installation time of the standard second spatial radiation detector and/or the first spatial radiation detector to be calibrated can be completed under the condition of reducing, even needing no manual operation, the operation time and the difficulty in the radiation environment are reduced, and the difficulty in equipment installation and use is greatly reduced. In addition, the solution of the invention is equivalent to the precision of the synchrotron, but the requirements on the field and the station area are obviously lower, so that not only is good technical effect achieved, but also the invention has extremely high economic value.
In addition, the second spatial radiation detector may be of various types or a plurality of types. Thus, for example, a plurality of first spatial radiation detectors and a plurality of second spatial radiation detectors, which are different from one another, can be fixed to the same outer ring at predetermined angular intervals, and since the outer ring and the inner ring are each provided with graduations (readable by the machine or the human eye), the angular distance of the plurality of first spatial radiation detectors from the respective second spatial radiation detectors can be predetermined. Therefore, the calibration work of a plurality of space radiation detectors to be measured aiming at different standards can be completed at one time under the condition that the inner ring is driven by the motor and does not enter the radiation environment manually. This is a problem that other similar products have heretofore failed to solve, greatly improving the calibration speed, and also reducing or even eliminating the need for operators to enter the radiation space.
According to a preferred embodiment, the scatterer is fixed to one of the inner ring and the outer ring, the scatterer is made of NaI crystal or PS, the scatterer is made of columnar material, the diameter of the scatterer is 10 to 30mm, the length of the scatterer is 10 to 30mm, the axes of the scatterer in use are arranged so as to coincide with each other or substantially coincide with each other with the central rotation axis of the rotator, and the collimator of the unpolarized radiation source is aligned with the center or the middle of the scatterer. The columnar scatterer is a part aged with use, and the maintenance of the calibrating device according to the invention is simplified because the invention adopts a circular arrangement form, and the columnar scatterer only needs to be arranged at the circle center position.
According to a preferred embodiment, the degree of polarization of the polarized radiation formed at the fixed position of the first spatial radiation detector to be calibrated is adjusted in the range of 0 to 90% when the unpolarized radiation source is rotated with the inner ring to change the angle of incidence of the unpolarized radiation generated by the unpolarized radiation source onto the diffuser.
According to a preferred embodiment, the unpolarized radiation source comprises a collimator, a source changing disc and at least two different kinds of radiation sources, each of the radiation sources is a different kind of radionuclide from the radionuclides used by other of the at least two kinds of radiation sources, so that the unpolarized radiation source comprises at least two kinds of radionuclides respectively emitting unpolarized radiation with different energies, the source changing disc can rotate relative to the collimator, the rotation direction of the source changing disc is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the collimation direction of the collimator, the at least two kinds of radiation sources are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the source changing disc independently of each other, the source changing disc rotates to align one of the at least two kinds of radiation sources to the collimator to enable the radiation energy generated by the decay of the radiation source aligned with the collimator to be emitted after being collimated by the collimator, and the collimated unpolarized radiation with different energies can be emitted from the collimator when the source changing disc rotates to align the different kinds of the at least two kinds of radiation sources with the collimator. On one hand, a plurality of radionuclides can rotate along with the inner ring as a non-polarized radiation source, and on the other hand, a plurality of standard second space radiation detectors can be arranged on the outer ring, so that the invention can calibrate a plurality of different first space radiation detectors at one time, has extremely small occupied area and can realize the purpose of high-speed calibration.
According to a preferred embodiment, the unpolarized radiation source further comprises a driving motor and/or a controller, the controller pre-stores the relative position relationship between the at least two radiation sources and the collimator, which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the source changing disc, when the controller receives a request for aligning the corresponding radiation source to the collimator, the controller controls the driving motor to controllably drive the source changing disc to rotate by a specific angle according to the relative position relationship so as to align the corresponding radiation source to the collimator, and preferably, the driving motor is a servo motor or a stepping motor.
According to a preferred embodiment, the device further comprises an annular mounting table, the annular mounting table comprises an annular bearing surface and at least three adjusting columns for supporting the bearing surface, the at least three adjusting columns are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular bearing surface, one ends of the adjusting columns are connected to the annular bearing surface, a fixed disc is arranged at the other ends of the adjusting columns and can be fixedly connected to the ground through fasteners, an adjusting pad can be additionally arranged between the fixed disc and the ground to adjust the levelness of the annular bearing surface, and the outer ring is fixed to the annular bearing surface through the fasteners.
According to a preferred embodiment, the at least two species are at least two of Am-241, co-57, na-22 and Cs-137.
According to a preferred embodiment, one of the inner and outer rings is provided with a fixed angle gauge and the other is provided with a pointer fixed relative thereto and pointing to a scale on the angle gauge, the angle gauge and the pointer together being used to indicate the degree of relative rotation of the inner and outer rings, thereby providing a reference for rotating the unpolarized radiation source to a preset position.
According to a preferred embodiment, a standard second spatial radiation detector is used to measure the standard polarization degree of polarized rays having different polarization degrees from each other at a fixed position where the first spatial radiation detector to be calibrated is to be placed before calibrating the first spatial radiation detector to be calibrated, the first spatial radiation detector to be calibrated is placed at the fixed position to measure the measured polarization degrees of polarized rays having different polarization degrees from each other corresponding to different incident angles from each other at the time of calibrating the first spatial radiation detector to be calibrated, a measurement error of the measured polarization degrees is obtained based on the standard polarization degrees, and the measurement value of the first spatial radiation detector to be calibrated is calibrated according to the measurement error.
According to a preferred embodiment, a method for calibrating the degree of polarization of a spatial radiation detector comprises: forming polarized rays having different degrees of polarization from each other for calibrating the first spatial radiation detector to be calibrated according to different angles of incidence from each other at a fixed position where the first spatial radiation detector to be calibrated is to be disposed using the apparatus as described in the foregoing preferred embodiments; measuring standard degrees of polarization of polarized rays having different degrees of polarization from each other with a standard second spatial radiation detector at a fixed location where the first spatial radiation detector to be calibrated is to be set; setting a first spatial radiation detector to be calibrated to the fixed position to measure the measured polarization degrees of polarized rays having different polarization degrees from each other corresponding to the incident angles different from each other; obtaining a measurement error of the measurement polarization degree based on the standard polarization degree; and calibrating the measurement values of the first spatial radiation detector to be calibrated according to the measurement errors.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a preferred embodiment of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic illustration of the device of the present invention in an operative condition;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a preferred embodiment of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a preferred embodiment of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a simplified schematic illustration of the internal structure of a preferred embodiment of a non-polarized radiation source;
FIG. 6 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a non-polarized radiation source;
FIG. 7 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a first spatial radiation detector; and
fig. 8 is a physical block diagram of parts of a preferred embodiment of a first spatial radiation detector.
List of reference numerals
100: rotor, 110: inner race, 120: outer race, 130: angle ruler, 140: pointer, 200: scatterers, 300: unpolarized radiation source, 310: radiation source, 320: collimator, 330: source disc, 340: drive motor, 350: controller, 400: a first spatial radiation detector, 410: scintillator, 420: CZT detection module, 500: annular mount, 510: annular bearing surface, 520: adjustment column, 530: fixed disk, 540: fastening piece
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description with reference to fig. 1 to 8.
First, some terms used in the present invention are explained as follows:
The scatterer 200 may be referred to as a scattering crystal or scintillator, and is named herein as a scatterer for purposes of illustrating the role of the component, and for purposes of distinguishing from the scintillator 410 in the first spatial radiation detector of the present invention.
PS may refer to a plastic scintillator that fluoresces when X-rays or charged particles enter the plastic scintillator, and by measuring the fluorescence, the energy of the incident X-rays or dotted particles can be measured. The main component of the plastic scintillator is C, H element with low Z coefficient, so that the material with relatively high Z coefficient generates Compton effect in low energy section when interacting with X-ray, and is used as the scatterer of polarized light source. Compton scattering occurs when unpolarized X-rays from a radioactive source are incident into the PS, and the outgoing photons become partially polarized light.
The degree of polarization may refer to the ratio of the intensity of polarized parts to the total intensity in electromagnetic waves, the degree of polarization varying between 0 and 1. Polarization refers to the asymmetry of the direction of electric vector vibration of electromagnetic waves with respect to the direction of propagation, called polarized light. The X-ray and the visible light are electromagnetic waves, and the corresponding wavelengths are different. The natural light has an electric vector vibration direction along various directions perpendicular to the plane of the light propagation direction, and thus is completely unpolarized, and has a degree of polarization of 0. If the electric vector of the electromagnetic wave oscillates in only a single direction perpendicular to the propagation direction, it is 100% linearly polarized light; if the vibration direction rotates in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction, it is called ellipsometric light. A typical electromagnetic wave consists of unpolarized and 100% polarized light, the degree of polarization being the proportion of polarized light.
Example 1
The present embodiment discloses a device for calibrating the degree of polarization of a spatial radiation detector, or a device for creating an environment for calibrating the degree of polarization, or a device for creating polarized radiation. In addition to this embodiment, the preferred implementation of the other embodiment may be provided in whole and/or in part without conflict or contradiction.
According to a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, the device may comprise: at least one of the rotator 100, the diffuser 200, and the unpolarized radiation source 300. The first spatial radiation detector 400 and/or the second spatial radiation detector may not be necessary for the invention. Rotor 100 may include an inner race 110 and/or an outer race 120 that are rotatable relative to one another about a central rotational axis. Incident unpolarized radiation may undergo Compton scattering on the scatterer 200 to form polarized radiation. Unpolarized radiation may be generated within unpolarized radiation source 300 by decay of radiation source 310. Unpolarized radiation source 300 may collimate unpolarized radiation prior to incidence on diffuser 200. The first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated may be fixed relative to the outer ring 120 during the calibration operation. For example, an operator may fix or stably place the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated on the outer race 120. Unpolarized ray source 300 may be fixed relative to inner ring 110. For example, an operator may fix unpolarized radiation source 300 to inner ring 110 by bolts. Unpolarized ray source 300 may be rotated with inner ring 110 to vary the angle of incidence of unpolarized rays generated by unpolarized ray source 300 upon diffuser 200. Thereby, polarized rays having different degrees of polarization from each other for calibrating the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated can be formed according to incident angles different from each other at a fixed position where the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated is located. Preferably, referring to fig. 7, 8, the first spatial radiation detector 400 may include a scintillator 410 and a CZT detection module 420. The first spatial radiation detector 400 may include four CZT detection modules 420. Four CZT detection modules 420 are arranged around the scintillator 410. One end of the scintillator 410 may protrude from the housing of the first spatial radiation detector 400. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: first, the polarized radiation formed by the present invention serves as an environment for calibrating the first spatial radiation detector 400, without checking whether the polarization degree measurement is accurate by using the environment of 100% linear polarized light formed by the synchrotron for each check, thereby saving resources and costs, and making it possible to check the first spatial radiation detector 400 in mass production with low cost and high efficiency; second, when the first spatial radiation detector 400 is fixed with respect to the outer ring 120, the unpolarized radiation source 300 disposed on the inner ring 110 may be rotated, so that an incident angle of the unpolarized radiation source 300 incident on the scatterer 200 is changed, thereby causing a scatter angle to follow the incident angle, and the degree of polarization of polarized radiation formed at the first spatial radiation detector 400 is changed accordingly, so that a changed degree of polarization environment can be provided for multiple checks, and the operation is very simple and the calibration efficiency is high.
According to a preferred embodiment, diffuser 200 may be disposed in a fixed manner with respect to one of inner race 110 and outer race 120. The scatterer 200 may be made of NaI crystals or PS. The diffuser 200 may be formed in a cylindrical shape. The diameter of the scatterer 200 may be 10 to 30mm. The length of the scatterer 200 may be 10 to 30mm. The axes of the scatterers 200 in the use state may be arranged so as to coincide with each other or substantially coincide with each other with the center rotation axis of the rotator 100. The collimator 320 of the unpolarized radiation source 300 may be aligned with the middle or center of the diffuser 200. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: firstly, the scatterer 200 is cylindrical, the diameter is 10-30 mm, the length is 10-30 mm, a good scattering effect can be obtained, the scatterer 200 is always aligned along the radial direction of the scatterer 200 when the unpolarized radiation source 300 rotates around the central rotation axis in the rotation process, and when the incident angle changes due to rotation of the unpolarized radiation source 300, the formed scattered radiation rotates along with the rotation, so that polarized radiation with the changed scattering angle is received at the fixed position of the first space radiation detector 400, the calibration environment is changed conveniently and efficiently, and therefore, the measured values of different polarization environments can be measured continuously and repeatedly at the same fixed position, so that the calibration can be performed more accurately. It should be noted that before measuring the measured values of the environment of different degrees of polarization a plurality of times consecutively at the same fixed position, it should be determined that several angles of incidence need to be used for the measurement, then the unpolarized radiation source 300 is rotated to the respective angles of incidence, the standard degrees of polarization of polarized radiation having mutually different degrees of polarization are measured at the fixed position where the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated is to be arranged, and then the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated is arranged to the fixed position to measure the measured degrees of polarization of polarized radiation having mutually different degrees of polarization corresponding to the mutually different angles of incidence. Then, a measurement error of the measured polarization degree is obtained based on the standard polarization degree, and the measured value of the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated is calibrated according to the measurement error.
According to a preferred embodiment, the degree of polarization of the polarized radiation formed at the fixed position where the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated is located may be adjusted in the range of 0 to 90% when the unpolarized radiation source 300 rotates with the inner ring 110 to change the incident angle of the unpolarized radiation generated by the unpolarized radiation source 300 upon the scatterer 200. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: firstly, although the invention can not form 100% linear polarization of the synchrotron for calibrating the detector, the invention realizes a calibration environment that the adjustment range of the polarization degree of polarized rays can reach 0-90% by a simple and smart structure; second, according to the calibration requirement, the unpolarized radiation source 300 can be rotated to quickly adjust the polarization degree of the radiation formed at the fixed position where the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated is located, so that a plurality of calibration environments with different polarization degrees are quickly formed for the measurement of the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated, and the calibration efficiency and accuracy are improved.
According to a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 5, 6, the unpolarized radiation source 300 may comprise a collimator 320, a source changing disc 330 and/or at least two radiation sources 310 different from each other. Each of the sources 310 may employ a different radionuclide than the radionuclides employed by other ones of the at least two sources 310 such that the unpolarized source 300 includes at least two radionuclides that each transmit unpolarized radiation having different energies. The source changing disc 330 may rotate relative to the collimator 320. The direction of rotation of the source disc 330 may be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the collimation direction of the collimator 320. At least two radiation sources 310 may be spaced apart along the circumference of the source changing disc 330 independently of each other. The source changing disc 330 may be rotated to align one of the at least two radiation sources 310 with the collimator 320 to allow radiation generated by decay of the radiation source 310 aligned with the collimator 320 to be collimated by the collimator 320 and emitted. When the source changing disc 330 rotates to align different ones 310 of the at least two radiation sources 310 with the collimator 320, collimated unpolarized radiation having different energies is emitted from the collimator 320. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: the invention can quickly replace different radioactive sources 310 without disassembling the unpolarized radiation source 300 and changing the position of the unpolarized radiation source 300 relative to the scatterer to form polarized rays with different energies for checking the degree of polarization, so as to quickly meet the calibration requirement of the detector for detecting the corresponding energy range.
According to a preferred embodiment, the unpolarized radiation source 300 may comprise a drive motor 340 and/or a controller 350. The controller 350 may have stored therein a relative positional relationship between at least two radiation sources 310 and the collimator 320 arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the source changing tray 330. When the controller 350 receives a request for aligning the corresponding radiation source 310 with the collimator 320, the controller 350 may control the driving motor 340 to controllably rotate the source changing disc 330 by a specific angle according to the relative positional relationship so as to align the corresponding radiation source 310 with the collimator 320. Preferably, the driving motor 340 may be a servo motor or a stepping motor. The invention can at least make the invention safely, efficiently and accurately utilize the required radioactive source.
According to a preferred embodiment, the apparatus may include an annular mounting table 500. The annular mounting table 500 may include an annular bearing surface 510 and/or at least three adjustment posts 520 supporting the bearing surface. At least three adjustment posts 520 may be spaced apart along the circumference of the annular bearing surface 510. One end of the adjustment post 520 may be connected to the annular bearing surface 510. The other end of the adjustment post 520 may be provided with a fixed disk 530. The fixed disk 530 may be secured to the ground by fasteners 540. An adjustment pad may be added between the fixed plate 530 and the ground to adjust the levelness of the annular bearing surface 510. Preferably, in the working state, the upper surface of the annular bearing surface 510 is adjusted to be horizontal or substantially horizontal. Outer race 120 may be secured to annular bearing surface 510 by fasteners 540.
According to a preferred embodiment, the at least two species may be at least two of Am-241, co-57, na-22 and Cs-137.
According to a preferred embodiment, the unpolarized radiation source 300 may comprise at least four species different from each other. The at least four species enable an energy adjustment range of 60keV to 300keV for calibrating polarized rays of the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated having degrees of polarization different from each other to be formed according to angles of incidence different from each other at a fixed position where the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated is located. Preferably, the at least four species may include Am-241, co-57, na-22 and Cs-137. Referring to Table 1, the preferred ranges of scattered light energy, scattering angle and polarization span for the four species are given.
Table 1: scattered light energy range, scattering angle range and polarization span of four species
According to a preferred embodiment, one of inner ring 110 and outer ring 120 may be provided with a fixed angle gauge 130 relative thereto and the other one of them may be provided with a pointer 140 fixed relative thereto and pointing to a scale on angle gauge 130. Angle gauge 130 and pointer 140 may be used together to indicate the degree of relative rotation of inner race 110 and outer race 120. Thus, a reference is provided for rotating the unpolarized radiation source 300 to a preset position.
According to a preferred embodiment, a standard second spatial radiation detector may be employed prior to calibrating the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated to measure the standard degree of polarization of polarized radiation having different degrees of polarization from each other at a fixed location where the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated is to be located. The first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated may be set to a fixed position to measure the measured degrees of polarization of polarized rays having degrees of polarization different from each other corresponding to angles of incidence different from each other while the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated is calibrated. And obtaining a measurement error of the measured polarization degree based on the standard polarization degree. The measured values of the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated are calibrated on the basis of the measurement errors.
Example 2
The present embodiment discloses a method for forming an environment for calibrating the degree of polarization, or a method for forming polarized rays. The method may be implemented by the apparatus of the present invention and/or by other alternative components. The method of the invention is implemented, for example, by using the various components of the device of the invention. In addition to this embodiment, the preferred implementation of the other embodiment may be provided in whole and/or in part without conflict or contradiction.
According to a preferred embodiment, the method may comprise: the apparatus of the present invention is used to create a radiation environment having polarized radiation for calibrating the degree of polarization of a first spatial radiation detector.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a method for calibrating the polarization degree of a space radiation detector. The method may be implemented by the apparatus of the present invention and/or by other alternative components. The method of the invention is implemented, for example, by using the various components of the device of the invention. In addition to this embodiment, the preferred implementation of the other embodiment may be provided in whole and/or in part without conflict or contradiction.
According to a preferred embodiment, the method may comprise: forming polarized rays having different degrees of polarization from each other for calibrating the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated according to different incident angles from each other at a fixed position where the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated is to be disposed using the apparatus of the present invention; measuring standard degrees of polarization of polarized rays having different degrees of polarization from each other at a fixed location where the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated is to be set using a standard second spatial radiation detector; setting the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated to a fixed position to measure the measured polarization degrees of polarized rays having different polarization degrees from each other corresponding to the incident angles different from each other; obtaining a measurement error of the measured polarization degree based on the standard polarization degree; and/or calibrating the measured values of the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated based on the measurement errors. The invention can at least realize the following beneficial technical effects by adopting the mode: so that the process of calibrating the first spatial radiation detector 400 is simple and efficient.
Example 4
The embodiment discloses a method for calibrating the polarization degree of a space radiation detector, which at least comprises the following steps: gamma rays are generated based on the radiation source 310 and collimated gamma rays are generated by the collimator 320, and polarized light sources are generated based on the collimated gamma rays after passing through the scatterer 200. Preferably, the radiation source 310 may be Am-241, co-57, cs-137, etc., and the activity of the radiation source 310 may be 200mCi, and the polarized light output intensity thereof is 10/s/cm 2 or more. Detecting the polarized light source based on the electronic detector and generating a recoil electronic signal, and generating and controlling the second space radiation based on the recoil electronic signalSignal of detector operation. Measuring an energy distribution curve of different scattering angles of the polarized light source based on the second spatial radiation detector; based on the formula: c (Φ) =acos (2 (Φ - Φ) 0 The energy distribution curves were fitted by +pi/2) +b to produce a value of A, B at the angle of incidence, and the value of μ at the angle of incidence and the modulation factor μ for 100% linearly polarized light were measured based on μ=a/B 100 Generating a degree of polarization, the degree of polarization being defined as μ/μ 100 . Preferably, the polarization degree detected by the second space radiation detector is used as a reference, and the polarization degree measured by the first space radiation detector is calibrated, so that the result of the measured polarization degree is more accurate.
Preferably, the scattering angle distribution of the scattered photons is satisfied, i.e. satisfied, by the Klein-Nishia differential scattering cross section, based on the compton scattering principle. The inventors derived the modulation curve by deriving the equation and the statistical distribution of the scattering azimuth angle phi and used its property to satisfy the cosine distribution to obtain the equation C (phi) =acos (2 (phi-phi) 0 +pi/2) +B. Phi is defined as the scattering azimuth angle, theta is defined as the scattering angle, phi 0 Defined as the initial scattering azimuth, B can be regarded as a constant term of the modulation curve of the different scattering azimuth, a can be regarded as a coefficient of the modulation curve, and the ratio of a to B is the modulation factor μ.
Preferably, the present invention can provide calibration for the measurement of the polarization degree of the spatial radiation detector by matching the unpolarized radiation source 300 with the second spatial radiation detector, and comparing the image based on the actually measured polarization degree of the radiation source 310 at different incident angles with the theoretical polarization degree image to generate a compensation method for the polarization degree at different incident angles of the radiation source 310, aiming at the problem that the polarization degree acquired by the first spatial radiation detector may have different errors at different incident angles of the radiation source 310. The invention greatly improves the detection efficiency of the second space radiation detector and enables the measured value to approach the theoretical value infinitely.
Preferably, the present invention addresses the problem of detection errors of the first spatial radiation detector by calibrating the measurement results of the first spatial radiation detector with a radiation source 310 of known parameters. The first spatial radiation detector is capable of accurately measuring and calibrating the polarization of the unknown radiation source 310, for example: gamma ray polarization present in the universe is measured. The core idea of the calibration method provided by the invention is similar to that of the following: relationship of weight to balance. The first spatial radiation detector with measurement error is similar to a corroded weight. The standard second spatial radiation detector is similar to a standard weight. The standard degree of polarization measured by the second spatial radiation detector is used to calibrate the measured degree of polarization of the first spatial radiation detector.
According to a preferred embodiment, the radiation source 310 may be disposed within the unpolarized radiation source 300, and the unpolarized radiation source 300 may have a rigid housing outside. The support and the collimator 320, wherein, the shielding case sets up on the support, is provided with the collimator 320 on the shielding case, is provided with the second space radiation detector in the shielding case.
Preferably, the unpolarized radiation source 300 may be provided with a radiation source 310 shielding Pb, having a thickness of at least 12cm. More preferably, the unpolarized radiation source 300 may have a collimation hole disposed therein, which may have a diameter of 1cm and an opening angle of 4.8 °. More preferably, the collimating aperture can be embedded with a thin steel tube with the thickness of 0.1cm, so that the change of the size of the collimating aperture caused by the deformation of Pb due to external force can be effectively prevented. The invention ensures that the radioactive source 310 has higher output intensity by setting the collimation degree of the radioactive source 310 of collimation Kong Disheng. More preferably, the collimator 320 may be a hollow tube, and may have dimensions of phi 2cm by 15cm, phi 4cm by 15cm, etc.
According to a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a non-polarized radiation source 300 is disposed on a rotating body 100, wherein the rotating body 100 is capable of precisely adjusting the angle of incidence of a radiation source 310 with respect to a diffuser 200.
According to a preferred embodiment, the diffuser 200 may be disposed at the center of the rotator 100. In the case where the unpolarized radiation source 300 rotates on the rotator 100 and the incident angle of the radiation source 310 with respect to the scatterer 200 is changed, the distance between the unpolarized radiation source 300 and the scatterer 200 may be maintained.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the rotor 100 may be 35cm or more. Thereby ensuring that the distance between the radiation source 310 and the scatterer 200 satisfies the shortest distance in practical use.
Preferably, the scatterer 200 may be a low Z scattering material or a high Z scattering material. More preferably, the user is able to select the type of diffuser 200 based on the type of radiation source 310, for example: high Z materials such as NaI, etc. are suitable for high energy photons. Compared with PS, the NaI crystal has the advantage of energy resolution, can accurately provide recoil electron energy information, and is suitable for coincidence processing. A high Z material with high resolution is used. By coincidence, complex multi-component sources 310 such as Ba-133 can also be used to create polarized light sources with very low probability of scattering of low energy photons. Whereas low Z materials such as PS are suitable for low energy photons, although they have a higher probability of scattering for low energy photons, the probability of scattering for photons of different energies differs less.
Preferably, the data processing unit may be implemented in hardware, firmware, or as software or computer code storable in a recording medium such as a CD ROM, RAM, floppy disk, hard disk, or magneto-optical disk, or as computer code originally stored in a remote recording medium or a non-transitory machine-readable medium and to be stored in a local recording medium downloaded through a network, so that the method described herein may be stored on a recording medium using a general purpose computer, a special purpose processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware such as an ASIC or FPGA. It is understood that the computer, processor, microprocessor controller 350, or programmable hardware includes storage elements such as RAM, ROM, flash memory, etc. that can store or receive software or computer code that, when accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, implements the processing methods described herein. Further, when the general-purpose computer accesses code for implementing the processes shown herein, execution of the code converts the general-purpose computer into a special-purpose computer for executing the processes shown herein.
It should be noted that each step described in the present application may be split into more steps, or two or more steps or partial operations of the steps may be combined into new steps according to the implementation requirements, to achieve the object of the present application. Meanwhile, each functional module described in the application can be split into more functional modules, and two or more functional modules or partial functions of the functional modules can be combined into new functional modules so as to achieve the purpose of the application.
Example 5
The present embodiment discloses a device for calibrating the polarization degree of a spatial radiation detector, and the whole and/or part of the content of the preferred implementation manner of other embodiments can be complemented by the present embodiment without causing conflict or contradiction.
According to a preferred embodiment, a device for calibrating the degree of polarization of a spatial radiation detector comprises at least a second spatial radiation detector, a radiation source 310 and/or a data processing unit. The calibration device is configured to perform the steps of: measuring energy distribution curves of different scattering angles of the polarized light source based on the second space radiation detector and generating polarization degree; repeatedly measuring the polarization degree by changing the incident angle of the radioactive source 310, and generating an actually measured image of the polarization degree according to the change of the incident angle of the radioactive source 310 based on the data processing unit; and/or generating a calibration formula based on theoretical and measured images of changes in the degree of polarization of the radiation source 310 at different angles of incidence.
According to a preferred embodiment, the radiation source 310 may be disposed within the unpolarized radiation source 300. The unpolarized radiation source 300 is disposed on the rotating body 100. The rotator 100 can precisely adjust the incident angle of the radiation source 310 with respect to the scatterer 200. One side of the unpolarized radiation source 300 may be provided with a shielding box, a support and a collimator 320, the shielding box being arranged on the support, the collimator 320 being arranged on the shielding box, a second spatial radiation detector being arranged in the shielding box.
Preferably, the second spatial radiation detector may be a standard spatial detection radiation detector calibrated for 100% linear polarization. The measured values of the second spatial radiation detector are standard and can be used to calibrate the first spatial radiation detector 400 to be calibrated. Preferably, the first spatial radiation detector 400, calibrated by the second spatial radiation detector, may also be used as the second spatial radiation detector. However, in order to ensure the calibration accuracy and prevent the error accumulation, the optimal way is still to use a standard spatial detection radiation detector calibrated by 100% linear polarization as the second spatial radiation detector.
According to a preferred embodiment, the diffuser 200 is disposed at the center of the rotator 100, and the distance between the non-polarized radiation source 300 and the diffuser 200 is maintained constant while the non-polarized radiation source 300 rotates on the rotator 100 and changes the incident angle of the radiation source 310 with respect to the diffuser 200.
Preferably, the radius of the rotator 100 is greater than or equal to 35cm, so as to ensure that the distance between the radiation source 310 and the scatterer 200 satisfies the shortest distance in practical use.
Preferably, the diffuser 200 may be a diffuser 200, including a low Z diffuser material, a high Z diffuser material. More preferably, the user is able to select the type of diffuser 200 based on the type of radiation source 310, for example: high Z materials such as NaI and the like are suitable for high-energy photons; compared with PS, the NaI crystal has the advantage of energy resolution, can accurately provide recoil electronic energy information, and is suitable for coincidence processing; with high Z materials having high resolution, complex multi-component sources 310 such as Ba-133 can also be used to create polarized sources by conforming; and the probability of scattering of low energy photons is very low. Whereas low Z materials such as PS are suitable for low energy photons, although they have a higher probability of scattering for low energy photons, the probability of scattering for photons of different energies differs less. More preferably, the scatterer 200 may be a NaI crystal having a size of phi 3 x 3 cm.
Preferably, the rotating body 100 is provided with a scale for displaying the incident angle of the radiation source 310, and since the scattering body 200 is disposed at the center of the rotating body 100, the scale is uniformly distributed, and a user can accurately and rapidly adjust the incident angle of the radiation source 310 with respect to the scattering body 200 based on the scale.
Preferably, the present invention enables a user to accurately adjust the incident angle of the radiation source 310 with respect to the scatterer 200 by providing the rotator 100. Meanwhile, since the scatterer 200 is disposed at the center of the rotator 100, the distance between the radiation source 310 and the scatterer 200 is always kept consistent when the incident angle is changed by a user, so that the energy loss of the radiation source 310 in the air propagation process caused by changing the distance between the radiation source 310 and the scatterer 200 is effectively avoided, and the detection result of the second space radiation detector is further affected.
It should be noted that the above-described embodiments are exemplary, and that a person skilled in the art, in light of the present disclosure, may devise various solutions that fall within the scope of the present disclosure and fall within the scope of the present disclosure. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present description and drawings are illustrative and not limiting to the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (11)
1. An unpolarized radiation source structure for calibrating the degree of polarization, characterized by comprising a collimator (320), a source-changing disc (330) and at least two radiation sources (310) different from each other,
wherein each of the radiation sources (310) employs a different radionuclide than the radionuclides employed by the other ones (310) of the at least two radiation sources (310) such that the unpolarized radiation source (300) includes at least two radionuclides that each transmit unpolarized radiation having different energies,
the source changing disc (330) can rotate relative to the collimator (320), the at least two radioactive sources (310) are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the source changing disc (330) independently, the source changing disc (330) rotates to align one radioactive source (310) of the at least two radioactive sources (310) to the collimator (320) so that rays generated by decay of the radioactive source (310) aligned to the collimator (320) can be collimated by the collimator (320) and then emitted.
2. The unpolarized radiation source structure of claim 1, wherein collimated unpolarized radiation having different energies is emitted from the collimator (320) when the source changing disc (330) rotates to align different ones (310) of the at least two radiation sources (310) with the collimator (320).
3. The unpolarized radiation source structure of claim 1, wherein the unpolarized radiation source (300) further comprises a driving motor (340) and a controller (350), wherein the controller (350) stores in advance a relative positional relationship between the at least two radiation sources (310) and the collimator (320) arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the source changing disc (330), and when the controller (350) receives a request for aligning the corresponding radiation source (310) with the collimator (320), the controller (350) controls the driving motor (340) to controllably rotate the source changing disc (330) by a specific angle according to the relative positional relationship so as to align the corresponding radiation source (310) with the collimator (320).
4. A non-polarized radiation source structure as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the drive motor (340) is a servo motor or a stepper motor.
5. The unpolarized radiation source structure of claim 1, wherein the radiation source (310) is disposed within the unpolarized radiation source (300), and wherein the unpolarized radiation source (300) has a rigid housing, a support, and a collimator (320) disposed outside the unpolarized radiation source, and wherein the shielding housing is disposed on the support, the collimator (320) is disposed on the shielding housing, and the second spatial radiation detector is disposed within the shielding housing.
6. The unpolarized radiation source structure of claim 1, characterized in that a standard second spatial radiation detector is used to measure the standard degree of polarization of polarized radiation having degrees of polarization different from each other at a fixed location where the first spatial radiation detector (400) to be calibrated is to be placed, before the first spatial radiation detector (400) to be calibrated is calibrated,
setting a first spatial radiation detector (400) to be calibrated to a measurement polarization degree of polarized rays having different polarization degrees from each other corresponding to different incident angles from each other at the fixed position while calibrating the first spatial radiation detector (400) to be calibrated, obtaining a measurement error of the measurement polarization degree based on the standard polarization degree, and calibrating a measurement value of the first spatial radiation detector (400) to be calibrated according to the measurement error.
7. The unpolarized radiation source structure as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that polarized radiation having different degrees of polarization from each other for calibrating the first spatial radiation detector (400) to be calibrated is formed at a fixed position where the first spatial radiation detector (400) to be calibrated is to be arranged, according to different angles of incidence from each other;
Measuring standard degrees of polarization of polarized rays having different degrees of polarization from each other with a standard second spatial radiation detector at a fixed location where the first spatial radiation detector (400) to be calibrated is to be set;
setting a first spatial radiation detector (400) to be calibrated to the fixed position to measure the measured polarization degrees of polarized rays corresponding to mutually different angles of incidence having mutually different polarization degrees;
obtaining a measurement error of the measurement polarization degree based on the standard polarization degree; and
-calibrating the measured value of the first spatial radiation detector (400) to be calibrated based on the measurement error.
8. The unpolarized radiation source structure of claim 6, wherein the unpolarized radiation source structure is configured to perform the steps of:
measuring energy distribution curves of different scattering angles of the polarized light source based on the second space radiation detector and generating polarization degree;
repeatedly measuring the polarization degree by changing the incidence angle of the radioactive source (310), and generating an actually measured image of the polarization degree changing with the incidence angle of the radioactive source (310) based on the data processing unit;
and/or generating a calibration formula based on theoretical and measured images of changes in the degree of polarization of the radiation source (310) at different angles of incidence.
9. The unpolarized radiation source structure of claim 1, further comprising an annular mounting table (500), the annular mounting table (500) comprising an annular bearing surface (510) and at least three adjusting posts (520) supporting the bearing surface, the at least three adjusting posts (520) being arranged at intervals along the circumference of the annular bearing surface (510), one end of the adjusting post (520) being connected to the annular bearing surface (510), the other end of the adjusting post (520) being provided with a fixing plate (530), the fixing plate (530) being fixedly connected to the ground by means of a fastening member (540), an adjusting pad being additionally arranged between the fixing plate (530) and the ground for adjusting the levelness of the annular bearing surface (510), the outer ring (120) being fixed to the annular bearing surface (510) by means of the fastening member (540).
10. The unpolarized radiation source structure of claim 9, wherein one of the inner ring (110) and the outer ring (120) is provided with a fixed angle gauge (130) relative thereto and the other is provided with a pointer (140) relative thereto pointing to a scale on the angle gauge (130), the angle gauge (130) and the pointer (140) together being used to indicate the extent of relative rotation of the inner ring (110) and the outer ring (120) to provide a reference for rotating the unpolarized radiation source (300) to a predetermined position.
11. The unpolarized radiation source structure of claim 1, wherein the unpolarized radiation source (300) is disposed on a rotating body (100), wherein the rotating body (100) is capable of precisely adjusting the angle of incidence of the radiation source (310) with respect to the diffuser (200).
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