CN112857730B - Method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure test data - Google Patents

Method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure test data Download PDF

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CN112857730B
CN112857730B CN202011612459.9A CN202011612459A CN112857730B CN 112857730 B CN112857730 B CN 112857730B CN 202011612459 A CN202011612459 A CN 202011612459A CN 112857730 B CN112857730 B CN 112857730B
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李海燕
陈星�
易翔宇
文帅
陈农
卢洪波
林键
陈勇富
孙日明
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China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics CAAA
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    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure test data, which is used for analyzing and processing the hypersonic pulse pressure test data based on variational modal decomposition, measuring the pulse pressure on the surface of a hypersonic aerospace vehicle model by using a pulse pressure sensor in a conventional hypersonic wind tunnel, accurately calculating and separating all characteristic waves contained in the pulse pressure test data according to the original test data acquired by wind tunnel operation and the variational modal decomposition, and further analyzing the physical phenomena such as the flow structure, the transition mechanism and the like in the boundary layer of the outer surface of the aerospace vehicle under the hypersonic condition in detail. The invention adopts variation modal decomposition, and solves the problems of false signals, frequency and modal superposition and the like in the process of processing complex hypersonic pulsation pressure signals.

Description

Method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure test data
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hypersonic velocity wind tunnel tests, and particularly relates to a hypersonic velocity pulsating pressure test data analysis processing method.
Background
When the hypersonic aircraft runs in a near space and an atmosphere for a long time at a high speed, the hypersonic aircraft is subjected to the comprehensive action of multiple physical fields such as severe aerodynamic heat and aerodynamic force, the occurrence and development processes of the flow structure and transition of the boundary layer on the outer surface of the hypersonic aircraft seriously affect the aerodynamic performance of the hypersonic aircraft, and even can become a key factor for judging whether the hypersonic aircraft succeeds or not. Therefore, the flow structure and the transition mechanism of the boundary layer are made clear to be a crucial problem, and the pulsating pressure test is an important means for researching the boundary layer; therefore, the accurate processing and analysis of the pulsating pressure data obtained by the pulsating pressure test are the key problems to be solved finally, the accurate physical information of the model boundary layer is obtained by accurately processing the hypersonic pulsating pressure test data, and the technical support is provided for the development of the hypersonic flight vehicle.
The traditional analysis and processing method for the pulsating pressure test data comprises the conventional Fourier transform and the short-time Fourier transform, and the application of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) to process pulsating pressure signals. The general Fourier change can not give the overall and local characteristics of the time domain and the frequency domain of the pulse pressure signal; the resolution of the short-time fourier transform is heavily dependent on the window size problem, and both analysis processes can appear spurious signals and frequencies. Meanwhile, the empirical mode decomposition method which is superior to the two processing methods also has the defects of lack of selection of mathematical theoretical basis and screening criterion and also has the important disadvantage of incapability of solving the problem of mode aliasing, so that the development and introduction of an applicable method for analyzing and processing the pulsating pressure data is urgently needed, and the technical problem to be solved in the field is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem of the invention is solved: the method overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure test data, solves the problem that data obtained by the existing method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure data cannot completely reflect correct physical structure information of a surface boundary layer of a hypersonic aircraft, provides a proper method for processing huge and complex pulse pressure signals, and ensures that the data obtained by the pulse pressure test in the hypersonic wind tunnel can finally truly reflect the flow structure and transition mechanism of the surface boundary layer of an aircraft model.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure test data, which comprises the following steps:
according to the hypersonic wind tunnel test, measuring the pulsating pressure voltage signal value y on the surface of the aerospace craft model through a pulsating pressure sensor i
According to the calibrated coefficient of the pulsating pressure sensor, combining the measured pulsating pressure voltage signal value y i And calculating to obtain the pulsating pressure value x on the surface of the aerospace craft model i
According to the pulsating pressure value x of the surface of the aerospace vehicle model i Obtaining a pulsating pressure time sequence signal f (t);
decomposing the pulsating pressure timing signal f (t) into a finite number of discrete sub-signals; wherein each sub-signal is an eigenmode function u k (t);
For intrinsic mode function u k (t) carrying out variational modal decomposition, and resolving to obtain the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulsating pressure of the aerospace craft model in a frequency domain;
and analyzing the nature of the physical structure of the gas flow on the surface of the aerospace craft model according to the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulsating pressure of the aerospace craft model on a frequency domain.
In the method for analyzing and processing the hypersonic velocity pulsating pressure test data, the essence of the physical structure of the surface gas flow of the aerospace craft model comprises the following steps: a surface boundary layer flow structure and a transition mechanism of the aerospace craft model.
In the method for analyzing and processing data of the hypersonic velocity pulsating pressure test, the pulsating pressure sensor used in the hypersonic velocity wind tunnel test comprises the following steps: a high-frequency-response PCB sensor and a low-frequency-response Kulite sensor; wherein, the measurable frequency response range of the high-frequency response PCB sensor is 11 KMz-1MHz, and the measurable frequency response range of the Kulite sensor is 0-50 KHz; obtaining the pulsating pressure voltage signal value y in the whole frequency domain range of 0 KHz-1 MHz through a high-frequency-response PCB sensor and a lower-frequency-response Kulite sensor i
In the method for analyzing and processing the hypersonic velocity pulsating pressure test data, the pulsating pressure value x on the surface of the aerospace craft model i Is composed of
x i =ay i +b···(1)
Wherein, a represents the sensitivity coefficient calibrated by the pulse pressure sensor, and b represents the local standard atmospheric pressure value.
In the method for analyzing and processing the hypersonic velocity pulsating pressure test data, the pulsating pressure value x on the surface of the aerospace craft model is used i Obtaining a pulsating pressure time sequence signal f (t), comprising:
resolving a series of pulse pressure time sequence signals f (x) through a formula (2) i ):
Figure BDA0002875128170000031
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002875128170000032
i =1,2, \8230;, n, n represents n consecutive sample values in the pulsating pressure timing signal.
And (3) resolving by adopting a formula (2) to obtain each pulsating pressure time sequence signal to obtain a pulsating pressure time sequence signal f (t).
In the method for analyzing and processing data of hypersonic velocity pulse pressure test, decomposing a pulse pressure time sequence signal f (t) into a finite number of discrete sub-signals comprises:
decomposing the pulsating pressure time sequence signal f (t) into K intrinsic mode functions u k (t):
Figure BDA0002875128170000033
Wherein u is k (t) the number of extreme points is equal to the number of zero-crossing points, or the number of extreme points is at most one more than the number of zero-crossing points.
In the method for analyzing and processing the data of the hypersonic velocity pulsation pressure test, the intrinsic mode function u is subjected to k Carrying out variation modal decomposition, and resolving to obtain the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulsating pressure of the aerospace craft model on a frequency domain, wherein the energy spectrum distribution comprises the following steps:
for intrinsic mode function u k (t) performing a metamorphic modal decomposition to obtain each eigenmode function u k (t) the estimated bandwidth is minimal;
simplifying the calculation of the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulsating pressure of the aerospace craft model on a frequency domain into the calculation of a minimum nonlinear optimization function with constraint;
and obtaining the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulsating pressure of the aerospace craft model on a frequency domain according to a solving result of a minimum nonlinear optimization function with constraint.
In the method for analyzing and processing the data of the hypersonic velocity pulsation pressure test, the solving process of a minimum nonlinear optimization function with constraint is as follows:
defining an objective function:
Figure BDA0002875128170000041
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002875128170000042
is u k Corresponding center frequency, { u } k }={u 1 ,u 2 ,…,u K },
Figure BDA0002875128170000043
Figure BDA0002875128170000044
Is u k A corresponding bandwidth;
Figure BDA0002875128170000045
is u k Corresponding analysis function a k (t),a k (t)=u k (t)+iHu k (t), the fourier transform is a single-sided spectrum with only positive frequencies; δ (t) represents a unit pulse function, a k (t) is u k (t) an analytical function of (t),h denotes the Hilbert transform, t denotes the time series, j denotes the imaginary unit, j denotes the time series 2 =-1;
Determining enhanced operators
Figure BDA0002875128170000046
Figure BDA0002875128170000047
Wherein, lambda represents Lagrange multiplication operator, a represents secondary punishment parameter, and < · > represents inner product operation;
equation (4) is solved according to equation (5).
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) Compared with the traditional pulse pressure data analysis processing method, the method solves the problems that the overall appearance and the local characteristics of a pulse pressure signal time domain and a pulse pressure signal frequency domain cannot be given, and the resolution of the method depends on the selected window function seriously.
(2) The invention adopts variational modal decomposition, thus solving the problems of false signals, frequency and modal superposition and the like in the process of processing complex hypersonic pulsating pressure signals; compared with the traditional pulse pressure data analysis and processing method, the method can avoid introducing false signals and frequencies and noise information.
(3) The method has sufficient mathematical theory support, particularly solves the problem of mode aliasing compared with an EMD method, can clearly separate various waveforms contained in signals and obtain a real frequency spectrum.
(4) The method is not only suitable for analyzing and processing the hypersonic pulse pressure test data, but also suitable for analyzing and processing the pulse pressure test data of the sub-transonic wind tunnel.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure test data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prediction result of processing data of a hypersonic aircraft model pulsating pressure test in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prediction result of processing data of a pulse pressure test of a hypersonic aircraft model in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure test data is characterized by including:
step 1, measuring a pulsating pressure voltage signal value y on the surface of the aerospace craft model through a pulsating pressure sensor according to a hypersonic wind tunnel test i
In the present embodiment, the pulsating pressure sensor used in the hypersonic wind tunnel test includes, but is not limited to: a high frequency response PCB sensor and a low frequency response kulite sensor. Wherein, the measurable frequency response range of the high-frequency response PCB sensor is 11 KMz-1MHz, the measurable frequency response range of the Kulite sensor is 0-50 KHz, namely, the pulsating pressure voltage signal value y in the whole frequency domain range of 0 KHz-1 MHz can be obtained through the high-frequency response PCB sensor and the lower-frequency response Kulite sensor i
Step 2, combining the measured pulsating pressure voltage signal value y according to the coefficient calibrated by the pulsating pressure sensor i And calculating to obtain the pulsating pressure value x on the surface of the aerospace craft model i
In the embodiment, the pulsating pressure value x of the surface of the aerospace vehicle model i Can be expressed as follows:
x i =ay i +b···(1)
wherein, a represents the sensitivity coefficient calibrated by the pulse pressure sensor, and b represents the local standard atmospheric pressure value.
Step 3, according to the pulsation pressure value x of the surface of the aerospace craft model i And obtaining a pulsating pressure time sequence signal f (t).
In the present embodiment, it can be solved by the following formula (2)Calculating to obtain a series of pulse pressure time sequence signals f (x) i ):
Figure BDA0002875128170000061
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA0002875128170000062
i =1,2, \8230;, n, n represents n consecutive sample values in the pulsating pressure timing signal.
And (3) respectively resolving by adopting a formula (2) to obtain each pulsating pressure time sequence signal, and further obtaining a pulsating pressure time sequence signal f (t).
And 4, decomposing the pulsating pressure time sequence signal f (t) into a finite number of discrete sub-signals.
In this embodiment, a complex pulsating pressure timing signal is decomposed into a finite number of discrete sub-signals, each sub-signal being an Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) u k (t), the linear superposition of all eigenmodes can fully recover the pulsating pressure timing signal.
Preferably, the pulsating pressure time-series signal f (t) is decomposed into K eigenmode functions u k (t):
Figure BDA0002875128170000063
Wherein u is k (t) the number of extreme points is equal to the number of zero-crossing points, or the number of extreme points is at most one more than the number of zero-crossing points.
Step 5, for the intrinsic mode function u k And (t) carrying out variation modal decomposition, and resolving to obtain the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulsating pressure of the aerospace craft model in the frequency domain.
In this embodiment, according to a Variation Mode Decomposition (VMD) algorithm, eigenmodes of each order are sufficiently separated in scale, and the processing of pulse pressure test data is completed by obtaining the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulse pressure of the hypersonic aerospace vehicle model in the frequency domain. In particular toThe process can be as follows: for intrinsic mode function u k (t) performing a metamorphic modal decomposition to obtain each eigenmode function u k (t) the estimated bandwidth is minimal; simplifying the calculation of the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulsating pressure of the aerospace craft model on a frequency domain into the calculation of a minimum nonlinear optimization function with constraint; and obtaining the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulsating pressure of the aerospace craft model on a frequency domain according to a solving result of a minimum nonlinear optimization function with constraints.
Preferably, the solving process for a constrained minimum nonlinear optimization function is as follows:
defining an objective function:
Figure BDA0002875128170000071
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002875128170000072
is u k Corresponding center frequency, { u { k }={u 1 ,u 2 ,…,u K },
Figure BDA0002875128170000073
Figure BDA0002875128170000074
Is u k A corresponding bandwidth;
Figure BDA0002875128170000075
is u k Corresponding analysis function a k (t),a k (t)=u k (t)+iHu k (t) its fourier transform is a single-sided spectrum with only positive frequencies; δ (t) represents a unit pulse function, a k (t) is u k (t) analysis function, H represents Hilbert transform, t represents time series, j represents imaginary unit, j 2 =-1。
Determining enhanced operators
Figure BDA0002875128170000076
Figure BDA0002875128170000077
Wherein, lambda represents Lagrange multiplier, a represents secondary punishment parameter, and < > represents inner product operation.
And (4) solving the formula (4) according to the formula (5) to obtain a solving result of the minimum nonlinear optimization function with the constraint, and finishing the processing of the pulsating pressure data.
And 6, analyzing the nature of the physical structure of the gas flow on the surface of the aerospace craft model according to the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulsating pressure of the aerospace craft model on the frequency domain.
In this embodiment, analyzing the physical structure nature of the surface gas flow of the aerospace vehicle model may specifically be to analyze a surface boundary layer flow structure and a transition mechanism of the aerospace vehicle model.
In conclusion, the pulsation pressure of the surface of the hypersonic spacecraft model is measured by a pulsation pressure sensor in a conventional hypersonic wind tunnel, all characteristic waves contained in the pulsation pressure test data are accurately calculated and separated through variational modal decomposition according to the original test data acquired by wind tunnel operation, and the physical phenomena such as the flow structure and transition mechanism in the boundary layer of the outer surface of the hypersonic spacecraft under the hypersonic condition are further analyzed in detail. The invention adopts variation modal decomposition, and solves the problems of false signals, frequency and modal superposition and the like in the process of processing complex hypersonic pulsation pressure signals.
As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, by using the method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure test data, signals with different frequencies and amplitudes contained in pulse pressure signals can be clearly decomposed, and the problems of mode aliasing and the like caused by false signals and noise are effectively solved; for example, various characteristic waves included in the pulsating pressure signal, such as whether the characteristic waves are first mode waves, second mode waves, vortex waves or the like, can be clearly obtained, and then the flow structure and transition mechanism of the surface boundary layer of the aircraft model are analyzed accordingly.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.

Claims (6)

1. A method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure test data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
according to the hypersonic wind tunnel test, measuring the pulsating pressure voltage signal value y on the surface of the aerospace craft model through a pulsating pressure sensor i
According to the calibrated coefficient of the pulsating pressure sensor, combining the measured pulsating pressure voltage signal value y i And calculating to obtain the pulsating pressure value x on the surface of the aerospace craft model i
According to the pulsating pressure value x on the surface of the aerospace vehicle model i Obtaining a pulsating pressure time sequence signal f (t);
decomposing the pulsating pressure timing signal f (t) into a finite number of discrete sub-signals; wherein each sub-signal is an eigenmode function u k (t);
For intrinsic mode function u k (t) carrying out variation modal decomposition, and resolving to obtain the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulsating pressure of the aerospace craft model in a frequency domain;
analyzing the nature of a physical structure of the gas flow on the surface of the aerospace craft model according to the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulsating pressure of the aerospace craft model in a frequency domain;
wherein:
space flightPulsating pressure value x of aircraft model surface i Comprises the following steps:
x i =ay i +b···(1)
wherein, a represents the sensitivity coefficient calibrated by the pulsating pressure sensor, and b represents the local standard atmospheric pressure value;
according to the pulsating pressure value x on the surface of the aerospace vehicle model i Obtaining a pulsating pressure time sequence signal f (t), comprising:
resolving a series of pulse pressure time sequence signals f (x) through a formula (2) i ):
Figure FDA0003930595390000011
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003930595390000012
i =1,2, \8230, n, n represents n consecutive sample values in the pulsating pressure timing signal;
and (3) resolving by adopting a formula (2) to obtain each pulsating pressure time sequence signal to obtain a pulsating pressure time sequence signal f (t).
2. The method for analyzing and processing the hypersonic pulse pressure test data according to claim 1, wherein the nature of the physical structure of the gas flow on the surface of the model of the aerospace vehicle comprises: the surface boundary layer flow structure and transition mechanism of the aerospace craft model.
3. The method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure test data according to claim 1, wherein in the hypersonic wind tunnel test, the pulse pressure sensor used comprises: a high-frequency-response PCB sensor and a low-frequency-response Kulite sensor; wherein, the measurable frequency response range of the high-frequency response PCB sensor is 11 kHz-1MHz, and the measurable frequency response range of the Kulite sensor is 0-50 kHz; the pulsating pressure voltage signal value y in the whole frequency domain range of 0 kHz-1 MHz is obtained through a high-frequency-response PCB sensor and a low-frequency-response Kulite sensor i
4. The method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure test data as claimed in claim 1, wherein decomposing the pulse pressure time series signal f (t) into a finite number of discrete sub-signals comprises:
decomposing the pulse pressure time sequence signal f (t) into K intrinsic mode functions u k (t):
Figure FDA0003930595390000021
Wherein u is k (t) the number of extreme points is equal to the number of zero-crossing points, or the number of extreme points is at most one more than the number of zero-crossing points.
5. The method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure test data according to claim 4, wherein the intrinsic mode function u is processed k (t) carrying out variation modal decomposition, and resolving to obtain the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulsating pressure of the aerospace craft model on a frequency domain, wherein the energy spectrum distribution comprises the following steps:
for intrinsic mode function u k (t) performing a metamorphic modal decomposition to obtain each eigenmode function u k (t) the estimated bandwidth is minimal;
simplifying the calculation of the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulsating pressure of the aerospace craft model on a frequency domain into the calculation of a minimum nonlinear optimization function with constraint;
and obtaining the energy spectrum distribution of the surface pulsating pressure of the aerospace craft model on a frequency domain according to a solving result of a minimum nonlinear optimization function with constraint.
6. The method for analyzing and processing hypersonic pulse pressure test data according to claim 5, wherein the solving process of a minimum nonlinear optimization function with constraints is as follows:
defining an objective function:
Figure FDA0003930595390000031
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure FDA0003930595390000036
is u k Corresponding center frequency, { u { k }={u 1 ,u 2 ,…,u K },
Figure FDA0003930595390000032
Figure FDA0003930595390000033
Is u k A corresponding bandwidth;
Figure FDA0003930595390000034
is u k A corresponding analysis function; delta (t) represents a unit pulse function, t represents a time series, j represents an imaginary unit, j represents a unit of an imaginary number 2 =-1;
Determining enhanced operators
Figure FDA0003930595390000037
Figure FDA0003930595390000035
Wherein, lambda represents Lagrange multiplication operator, a represents secondary punishment parameter, and < > represents inner product operation;
equation (4) is solved according to equation (5).
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