CN112854316B - First arrival wave sound time intelligent correction method and device based on sound wave transmission method - Google Patents
First arrival wave sound time intelligent correction method and device based on sound wave transmission method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The disclosure relates to a first arrival time intelligent correction method and a first arrival time intelligent correction device based on a sound wave transmission method, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring acoustic data and engineering data in the foundation pile detection process; determining interference waves with wave speed within a first wave speed threshold range, abnormal waves and normal waves with wave speed within a second wave speed threshold range according to the sound wave data; and correcting the interference waves and the abnormal waves according to the positions of the interference waves and the abnormal waves in the detection point set and the first wave sound time values of the normal waves in the preset number of sound waves in the adjacent range, so as to determine the integrity of the pile body according to the corrected first wave amplitude, amplitude index, sound velocity index and PSD curve index of the sound waves. The method and the device can intelligently correct the first arrival time of the first arrival wave, effectively avoid manual operation, greatly save labor and time and improve detection efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of foundation pile detection, and mainly relates to a first arrival time intelligent correction method and device based on a sound wave transmission method.
Background
The pile body quality of the concrete cast-in-place pile is closely related to the bearing performance of the pile foundation, so that the concrete cast-in-place pile is one of the hot problems which are relatively concerned by the engineering industry all the time. The sound wave transmission method plays an important role in quality detection of the concrete cast-in-place pile, and the quality of the pile body at different depths of the pile body is detected by means of a sound wave transmission instrument and a sound measurement tube pre-embedded on the pile body, so that pile body quality data are acquired.
The existing sound wave transmission method for detecting the integrity of the pile body is influenced by a plurality of factors, such as the sensitivity of signal acquisition equipment, the bending and inclination of a sound detection pipe along the depth, the spatial distribution of concrete sand and stone ingredients of the pile body, the operation of field technicians and the like, so that the acquired sound wave data of the pile body has a certain variation range, and the uncertainty of signals is particularly prominent. However, the sound wave transmission method is to estimate the wave velocity of the pile body concrete based on the first arrival time of the head wave (first arrival time of the wave sound), and to determine the quality of the pile body concrete by using the wave velocity as a characteristic parameter. In actual engineering, the above factors easily make it difficult to accurately determine the first arrival specific time of the head wave by a method of automatically identifying the first arrival sound by simply setting a threshold. For example, for a single pile with 3 sounding tubes, hundreds of sonic data may need to be collected, often tens of piles are tested a day in engineering tests. If the first arrival time point of the first arrival wave is adjusted manually, a large amount of labor cost is consumed, and the working efficiency is seriously reduced. In order to improve the accuracy of first-arrival wave judgment, reduce manual adjustment work and improve detection work efficiency, a more accurate and reasonable first-arrival wave first-arrival time identification method is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the related art, the present disclosure provides a first arrival time intelligent correction method and device based on a sound wave transmission method.
According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a first arrival time intelligent correction method based on a sound wave transmission method, the method including:
in the foundation pile detection process, sound wave data and engineering data are acquired, wherein the sound wave data comprise: the acoustic wave amplitude information, the time interval of receiving acoustic waves by the receiving transducer and the time of delaying receiving acoustic waves, wherein the engineering data comprises: the center distance between the first sounding pipe and the second sounding pipe, the initial value of the system sound time, and the distance of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer moving up and down in the sounding pipe simultaneously;
determining interference waves with wave speed within a first wave speed threshold range, abnormal waves and normal waves with wave speed within a second wave speed threshold range according to the sound wave data;
and correcting the interference waves and the abnormal waves according to the positions of the interference waves and the abnormal waves in the detection point set and the first-to-wave sound values of the normal waves in the preset number of sound waves in the adjacent range, so as to determine the integrity of the pile body according to the corrected first wave amplitude, amplitude index, sound velocity index and PSD curve index of the sound waves.
Optionally, the determining, according to the sound wave data, an interference wave with a wave speed within a first wave speed threshold range, an abnormal wave with a wave speed within a second wave speed threshold range, and a normal wave includes:
screening out malformed waves with distorted waveforms according to the maximum amplitude and waveform period of the sound wave data of each measuring point;
determining the sound waves with the wave speed greater than (a +1000) as interference waves in the sound waves after the malformed waves are screened out, wherein the wave speed a is comprehensively determined according to the strength grade of the concrete;
determining the sound wave with the wave speed less than the a as an abnormal wave;
and determining the sound wave with the wave speed between a and (a +1000) as the normal wave.
Optionally, the correcting the interference wave and the abnormal wave according to the positions of the interference wave and the abnormal wave in the set of detection points and the first-to-first wave sound time values of normal waves in a preset number of sound waves in an adjacent range includes:
determining a sound wave to be corrected, wherein the sound wave to be corrected is one of the interference wave or the abnormal wave;
judging whether the sound wave to be corrected is the first detection point in the detection point set where the sound wave to be corrected is located, and if so, judging whether the sound wave to be corrected is the first detection point in all the detection point sets;
if the sound wave to be corrected is the first position in all the detection point sets, searching the position of the first arrival time for correcting the sound wave in sound wave sampling data by taking the initial first arrival time as a starting point;
if the sound wave to be corrected is not the first position in all the detection point sets, judging whether normal wave detection points exist in ten adjacent waves of which the positions are respectively upward and downward;
if the detection point of the normal wave exists, taking the average value of the normal waves removed when the sound wave to be corrected first reaches the wave sound as the first reaches the wave sound time value of the sound wave to be corrected;
if the detecting point of the normal wave does not exist, taking the first-to-wave sound time value of one sound wave adjacent to the position of the detecting point as the first-to-wave sound time value of the sound wave to be corrected.
Optionally, the method further includes:
if the sound wave to be corrected is not the first detection point in the detection point set where the sound wave to be corrected is located, comparing the sound time value of the first arrival wave position with the average first arrival wave sound time value of the normal wave in the 10 sound waves adjacent to the upper side, the first arrival wave sound time value of the nearest interference wave above, the first arrival wave sound time value of the immediately adjacent interference wave below and the average first arrival wave sound time value of the normal wave in the 10 sound waves adjacent to the upper side respectively to obtain a first difference value, a second difference value, a third difference value and a fourth difference value;
and if the difference values are less than 5 mu s, 8 mu s and 10 mu s respectively, not correcting the sound wave to be corrected.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and searching the position of the first arrival time of the sound wave to be corrected in the sound wave sampling amplitude data by taking the average first arrival time as a starting point, and converting the position of the sampling point corresponding to the amplitude into the first arrival time value of the sound wave to be corrected.
Optionally, the step of using the average first arrival time as a starting point, searching a position of a first arrival time of the sound wave in the sound wave sampling amplitude data, and converting a sampling point position corresponding to the amplitude into a first arrival time value includes:
determining whether the position of the sampling point is a positive half-wave or a negative half-wave of a waveform according to the positive and negative magnitudes of the amplitude of the sampling point;
comparing the amplitude of the sampling point with the amplitude of the adjacent front and back amplitudes, and judging whether the sampling point is on the wave rising side or the wave falling side;
if the sampling point is determined to be on the rising side of the positive half wave/negative half wave, adopting a forward search method;
if the sampling point is determined to be on the descending side of the positive half-wave/negative half-wave, a backward search method is adopted;
when the deviation between the average first arrival wave sound time value of the adjacent sound wave and the actual first arrival wave first arrival point of the sound wave is larger than a preset first threshold value, comparing the correction result with the first arrival wave sound time of the adjacent sound wave to obtain a fifth difference value;
and if the fifth difference is larger than a preset second threshold, compensating the correction result according to the fifth difference.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and if the fifth difference value between the compensated correction result and the standard value is larger than a preset third threshold value, searching the position of the first arrival time of the sound wave to be corrected in the sound wave sampling amplitude data by taking the average first arrival time as a starting point, and converting the position of the sampling point corresponding to the amplitude into the first arrival time value of the sound wave to be corrected.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided an first arrival time intelligence correction device based on a sound wave transmission method, the device including:
the information acquisition module acquires acoustic data and engineering data in the foundation pile detection process, wherein the acoustic data comprises: the acoustic wave amplitude information, the time interval of receiving acoustic waves by the receiving transducer and the time of delaying receiving acoustic waves, wherein the engineering data comprises: the center distance between the first sounding pipe and the second sounding pipe, the initial value of the system sound time, and the distance of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer moving up and down in the sounding pipe simultaneously;
the waveform classification module is connected with the information acquisition module and is used for determining interference waves with wave speed within a first wave speed threshold range, abnormal waves with wave speed within a second wave speed threshold range and normal waves according to the sound wave data;
and the correction module is connected with the waveform classification module, corrects the interference waves and the abnormal waves according to the positions of the interference waves and the abnormal waves in the detection point set and the sound time values from the first wave to the first wave of the normal waves in a preset number of sound waves in an adjacent range, and determines the integrity of the pile body according to the corrected sound wave amplitude, the wave amplitude index, the sound velocity index and the PSD curve index.
Optionally, the waveform classification module includes:
the malformed wave determining unit screens out malformed waves with distorted waveforms according to the maximum amplitude and the waveform period of the sound wave data of each measuring point;
the interference wave determining unit is connected with the malformed wave determining unit and determines the sound waves with the wave speed greater than (a +1000) as the interference waves in the sound waves after the malformed waves are screened out, wherein the wave speed a is comprehensively determined according to the strength grade of the concrete;
an abnormal wave determining unit connected to the interference wave determining unit and determining the sound wave having a wave velocity lower than the a as an abnormal wave;
and a normal wave determining unit connected with the abnormal wave determining unit and determining the sound wave with the wave speed between a and (a +1000) as the normal wave.
Optionally, the correction module:
determining a sound wave to be corrected, wherein the sound wave to be corrected is one of the interference wave or the abnormal wave;
judging whether the sound wave to be corrected is the first detection point in the detection point set where the sound wave to be corrected is located, and if so, judging whether the sound wave to be corrected is the first detection point in all the detection point sets;
if the sound wave to be corrected is the first position in all the detection point sets, searching the position of the first arrival time for correcting the sound wave in sound wave sampling data by taking the initial first arrival time as a starting point;
if the sound wave to be corrected is not the first position in all the detection point sets, judging whether normal wave detection points exist in ten adjacent waves of which the positions are respectively upward and downward;
if the detection point of the normal wave exists, taking the average value of the normal waves removed when the sound wave to be corrected first reaches the wave sound as the first reaches the wave sound time value of the sound wave to be corrected;
if the detecting point of the normal wave does not exist, taking the first-to-wave sound time value of one sound wave adjacent to the position of the detecting point as the first-to-wave sound time value of the sound wave to be corrected.
The technical scheme disclosed by the invention can produce the following beneficial effects: the existing acoustic transmission method only simply sets the same threshold value for all acoustic lines of a certain section of a foundation pile to screen out interference and determine the position of the head wave. However, the actual engineering situation is complex, such as internal disturbance of a detection instrument, defects in the detected pile body of the foundation pile and the like, the collected waveforms are complex and various, the data quality is difficult to guarantee, the existing first wave interpretation method is difficult to meet the requirements, the calculation of a mathematical statistics method or a PSD method for judging the integrity of the foundation pile is influenced if the existing first wave interpretation method is not processed, and finally, the false judgment of the integrity of the pile body of a detector is caused. However, a plurality of sections are often required to be detected when the integrity of the pile body of the foundation pile is detected by the sound wave transmission method, hundreds of pieces of sound wave data are required to be collected for one section, dozens of piles are required to be tested one day often in engineering detection, manual correction is time-consuming, and the detection efficiency is influenced. The method provided by the invention can intelligently correct the first arrival time of the first arrival wave, effectively avoids manual operation, greatly saves manpower and time, and improves the detection efficiency.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a first arrival time intelligence correction method based on acoustic transmission, according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a layout of a sounding pipe according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating acoustic data information according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of a waveform classification method according to that shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of normal waves shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an interference wave in accordance with an example embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an anomalous wave shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a first arrival time intelligence correction apparatus based on acoustic transmission according to an exemplary embodiment;
fig. 9 is a block diagram of an apparatus according to one of the waveform classification modules shown in fig. 8.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a first arrival time intelligence correction method based on a sound wave transmission method according to an exemplary embodiment, where the method includes the following steps:
in step 101, acoustic data and engineering data are acquired during the pile inspection process.
Wherein the acoustic data includes: acoustic amplitude information, a time interval for receiving the acoustic wave by the receiving transducer, and a time for delaying the reception of the acoustic wave, the engineering data including: the center distance between the first sounding pipe and the second sounding pipe, the initial value of the system sound time, and the distance of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer moving up and down in the sounding pipes simultaneously.
For example, existing foundation pile integrity detection systems based on the acoustic transmission method all perform transmission detection on foundation piles through ultrasonic detectors, so that the acquisition of acoustic data is from the acoustic detectors in the detection systems, and engineering data is derived from user input. The ultrasonic detector comprises a controller, a transmitting transducer and a receiving transducer; the sound wave data comprises sampling sound wave amplitude data, delay time, sampling interval and system zero sound value; the engineering data includes tube pitch and step length. The delay time is the time for delaying the receiving of the sound wave by the receiving transducer, the sampling interval is the interval time for receiving the sound wave by the receiving transducer, and the zero sound time value of the system is the time for the sound wave to pass through the system delay of the instrument, the sound measuring tube, the coupling water layer and the like; the tube distance is the center distance between the first sound measuring tube and the second sound measuring tube, and the step length is the distance of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer moving up and down in the sound measuring tube simultaneously.
Illustratively, the profile of the pile is shown in fig. 2, and the acoustic data collected from the AB profile is taken, the acoustic data is in the format shown in fig. 3, the center distance between the first sounding pipe a and the second sounding pipe B is 860mm, the zero sound time value of the system is 30.2 μ s, and the distance between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer moving up and down in the sounding pipe is 0.1 m.
In step 102, interference waves with wave speed within a first wave speed threshold range, abnormal waves with wave speed within a second wave speed threshold range and normal waves are determined according to the sound wave data.
For example, it can be understood that the acquired signals are influenced by equipment sensitivity, technician operation, bending inclination of the sounding pipe and the like, the acquired pile body sound wave data have uneven quality, the sound wave data with normal waveforms are easily identified from the beginning to the end of the sound wave, and usually do not need to be corrected, only the interference waveforms and abnormal waveforms caused by the influence of uncertainty factors in the detection process or the defects of the integrity of the pile body are generated, and the first to end of the sound wave is difficult to accurately determine only by the existing method. Therefore, in the step, the sound wave waveforms are firstly screened, the sound wave data collected at the position where the integrity of the pile body has obvious defects are screened, and then the rest sound wave data are systematically classified into normal waves, interference waves and abnormal waves, so that the accuracy of the first arrival sound waves is judged and respectively corrected.
The waveform screening and classification comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, calculating the maximum amplitude and the waveform period of the sound wave amplitude data of each measuring point to judge whether the sound wave amplitude data is a malformed wave with obviously distorted waveform, and if the sound wave amplitude data is the malformed wave, setting the sound wave amplitude data to be a preset value when the sound wave amplitude data reaches the sound wave; if the wave is not a malformed wave, the next step is performed.
2) The propagation speed of sound waves in a medium is the sound speed, and the sound speed has a normal numerical range in different media. Therefore, the type of the sound wave can be roughly judged by calculating the sound velocity, and the calculation of the wave velocity is as follows:
wherein i is the sound wave number, j is the detection section number, v is the sound velocity of the ith sound measurement line of the jth detection section, l is the tube pitch of the jth detection section, and t is the sound wave propagation time of the ith sound measurement line of the jth detection section. The specific process of classifying the types of sound waves by sound velocity is as follows: if v isi(j) Greater than the upper limit vmaxRecognizing the wave before the first arrival wave sound caused by the interference of the external uncertain factors, and classifying the wave as an interference wave; if v isi(j) Less than the lower limit vminAnd if so, determining that the foundation pile is abnormal at the monitoring point and classifying the foundation pile into an abnormal waveform. The path of the sound wave in the transmission process comprises the distance between the water medium and the pipe wall in the sounding pipes on the two sides, the recorded time cannot accurately reflect the transmission time of the sound wave in the foundation pile, and the sound velocity of a defect-free position can be ensured to be in accordance with the reference sound velocity range when the system is in zero sound.
The upper limit and the lower limit are set according to the wave speed range of the sound wave corresponding to the concrete strength grade.
In step 103, the interference waves and the abnormal waves are corrected according to the positions of the interference waves and the abnormal waves in the detection point set and the first wave sound time values of the normal waves in the preset number of sound waves in the adjacent range, so that the integrity of the pile body is determined according to the corrected first wave amplitude, wave amplitude index, sound velocity index and PSD curve index of the sound waves.
For example, after the acoustic wave types are classified, the acoustic wave types can be respectively corrected according to the depth positions of the detection points, and the basic idea of the correction is as follows: under the condition that the waveform of the sound wave is not obviously distorted, the method of the invention combines the waveform characteristics to ensure that the curve drawn from the first time after correction to the time of the sound wave is as smooth as possible. The preliminary correction process includes the correction of interference waves and the correction of abnormal waves, wherein the correction steps are similar, but the correction steps are respectively carried out. The correction process comprises the following steps:
1) judging whether the sound wave to be corrected is the first detection point in the detection point set where the interference wave is located or the abnormal wave is located, if so, judging whether the sound wave is the first detection point in all the detection point sets, if so, searching and correcting the position of the first arrival wave first arrival time of the sound wave in the sound wave sampling data by taking the initial first arrival wave sound time as a starting point. If the sound wave is not the first wave, continuously judging whether a detection point with the sound wave as the normal wave exists in the upper and lower ten adjacent waves, and if the detection point with the normal wave exists, enabling the average first-to-wave sound time value of the normal wave to be removed when the sound wave first-to-wave sound exists; if no normal wave detection point exists, the first arrival wave sound time value is the first arrival wave sound time value of one sound wave immediately above the detection point.
2) If the sound time value is not the first detection point of the set, respectively comparing the sound time value of the first arrival wave position with the average first arrival wave sound time value of the normal wave in the adjacent N sound waves above, the average first arrival wave sound time value of the normal wave in the adjacent N sound waves below and the first arrival wave sound time value of the adjacent interference wave above, wherein the calculation formula of the average first arrival wave sound time and the difference value is as follows:
wherein N is the number of normal waves in N adjacent sound waves above and below the ith sound measurement line of the jth detection section, vi(j) Represents the average first wave sound time value of normal waves in the N adjacent sound waves above and below the ith sound measuring line of the jth detection section,
represents the sum of the sound values of the first wave to the first wave of the normal waves in the N adjacent sound waves above the ith sound measurement line of the jth detection section,
represents the sum of the sound values of the first wave to the first wave of the normal waves in the N adjacent sound waves above the ith sound measurement line of the jth detection section,
the first arrival wave sound values of the nearest interference waves above the ith sound survey line of the jth detection section are shown,
the absolute difference values (i.e. the first difference value, the second difference value, the third difference value and the fourth difference value) of the average first-to-wave sound time value of the normal wave in the upper adjacent N sound waves, the average first-to-wave sound time value of the normal wave in the lower adjacent N sound waves and the first-to-wave sound time value of the nearest interference wave in the upper adjacent N sound waves are respectively.
Comparing the difference with a set threshold, if the difference is smaller than the threshold, not correcting, and enabling the first arrival time to accord with the waveform characteristics of the sound wave; and if the difference is larger than the threshold value, the next step is carried out.
3) And searching and correcting the position of the first arrival time of the sound wave in the sound wave sampling data by taking the average first arrival wave sound time value as a starting point, and converting the position into a first arrival wave sound time value. The specific searching and correcting steps are as follows: firstly, calculating the average first arrival wave sound value corresponding to the closest sampling point in the sampled sound wave data, wherein the sampling point value represents the waveform amplitude information of the sound wave, and the calculation formula is as follows:
where x is the position index of the time corresponding to the sampling point in the acoustic data, tmFor averaging first arrival wave sound values, t0For the system null value, tdFor a delay time, tdetaIs the sampling interval.
After the corresponding sampling point position is determined, the sampling point is taken as a starting point in the sampled acoustic wave data, and proper waveform zero-crossing points are searched from front to back to serve as first correction points, wherein the specific searching steps are as follows:
judging the position of the sampling point in the waveform: determining whether the sampling point is in a positive half wave or a negative half wave of the waveform by judging the positive and negative magnitudes of the amplitude of the sampling point; then, the amplitude of the point is compared with the amplitude of the front and back adjacent points, and whether the point is on the wave rising side or the wave falling side is judged.
Searching for a suitable zero crossing point: if the sampling point is determined to be on the rising side of the positive half-wave or the negative half-wave, a forward search method is adopted; if the sampling point is determined to be on the falling side of the positive half wave or the negative half wave, a backward search method is adopted.
The concrete searching steps are as follows: converting the searched sampling point from the position information into time, namely a corrected first arrival wave sound time value t' (j), wherein the conversion formula is as follows:
when the average first-to-wave sound time value of the adjacent sound wave and the actual first-to-wave first-to-point of the sound wave have a large deviation (namely, when the deviation between the average first-to-wave sound time value of the adjacent sound wave and the actual first-to-wave first-to-point of the sound wave is greater than a preset first threshold), the searched correction position has a deviation with the actual situation, so that the correction result needs to be compared with the first-to-wave sound time of the adjacent sound wave, the rationality of the corrected first-to-wave sound time is judged, and if the difference is greater than the preset threshold (namely, when the fifth difference is greater than a preset second threshold), the correction result needs to be adjusted.
Judging whether the left side of the point is searched for normal half waves or not, namely whether the amplitude corresponding to a certain moment is larger than a set threshold or not, if so, indicating that the left side still has normal waveform characteristics, and continuously searching for more accurate first arrival wave sound time position from the correction point; if the left side has no obvious waveform characteristics, judging whether the type of the sound wave immediately above the sound wave is an interference wave, and if the type of the sound wave immediately above the sound wave is the interference wave, enabling the sound time value of the sound measurement line to be a corrected first arrival wave value of the nearest interference wave above the sound wave; if the sound wave is a normal wave, the sound time value of the sound wave is made to be the average sound time value of the normal wave in the upper N sound waves.
(4) Second correction of first arrival time of first arrival wave
And (4) performing detection point non-continuity correction based on the classification result in the primary correction process according to the primary correction result in the step (3), but the condition that the first arrival sound is not accurately adjusted under the condition that the detection points are continuous possibly exists, so that a secondary correction step is added to process the sound wave which cannot be corrected in the primary correction again, and the correction step is the same as the step 3) in the step (3).
The pile body integrity criterion index calculated by the original ultrasonic detection system is not applicable due to the fact that the first arrival time of the sound wave is changed with the first arrival time of the sound wave before correction, so that the criterion index needs to be recalculated according to the corrected first arrival time, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) amplitude of head wave
Since the amplitude data of the sound wave is not strictly monotonously increased or decreased, the peak and the trough of the waveform cannot be determined by only comparing the amplitude before and after a certain point. The method comprises the following specific steps of:
using collected acoustic wave amplitude data as vector form Ai(j)＝[A1,A2,…,An]Wherein A isi(j) All sound wave amplitude data of the ith sound measuring line of the jth detection section are obtained, n is the number of sound wave amplitude data sampling points, and n is 1,2 and …;
calculating to obtain a first order difference vector DA，DAA (m +1) -a (m), wherein m is 1,2, …, n-1;
thirdly, the result after the difference is operated by a sign function to obtain DAPositive or negative of each component, TA＝sign(DA)；
Fourthly, for the TAThe vector advance traversal is computed as follows if TA(m) 0 or TA(m +1) is not less than 0, then let TA(m) 1; if T isA(m) 0 or TA(m+1)<0, then let TA(m)＝-1。
V to vector TARepeating the step II to obtain a vector RA；
If vector RAIn RAAnd (m) is not equal to 0, and the position of m +1 is the amplitude corresponding to the wave crest and the wave trough.
2) Amplitude index
The head wave amplitude calculated by the steps needs to convert the unit volt unit of the electric signal into the unit decibel of the sound wave, and the conversion formula is as follows:
wherein A ispj(j) Representing the head wave amplitude of the ith acoustic line of the jth detection section in dB, ai(j) Denotes the amplitude of the first wave, a, of the ith acoustic line signal of the jth detection section0Representing a zero point signal amplitude. The zero decibel signal amplitude is preferably 0.00105V.
The amplitude index mainly includes average amplitude, critical amplitude value, variation coefficient and standard deviation. The calculation formulas are respectively as follows:
Ac(j)＝Am(j)-6 (10)
wherein A ism(j) Representing the average amplitude of each acoustic line of the jth detection section, n being the total number of acoustic lines of the jth detection section, Apj(j) Representing the wave amplitude value of the ith acoustic line of the jth detection section; a. thec(j) A critical value representing the judgment of the abnormality of the j-th detection section wave amplitude value; sx(j) A standard deviation representing (n-k-k') data, k representing the number of data of low sound velocity values to be removed, k being 0,1,2, …; k 'represents the number of data of high sound velocity values to be removed, k' is 0,1,2, …; v. ofm(j) Represents the average value of (n-k-k') data, vi(j) Represents the ith acoustic line sound velocity of the jth detection section, i is 1,2, …, n; cm(j) The coefficient of variation of (n-k-k') data is expressed.
3) Sound velocity index calculation
The sound velocity index mainly comprises an average wave velocity, a wave velocity critical value and a variation coefficient, namely a standard deviation, the calculation process of the sound velocity index is similar to that of the wave amplitude index, and the sound velocity index specifically refers to the building foundation pile detection technical specification and is not described in detail herein.
4) PSD curve calculation
The PSD curve is an important index for assisting in judging the integrity of the pile body, and mainly shows the fluctuation degree of all sound waves from top to bottom when the sound waves first reach the sound waves under a certain section, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein PSD represents the product of slope and acoustic time difference obtained by connecting two adjacent points on the acoustic time-depth curve; t is ti(j) When the sound of the ith acoustic line of the jth detection section is shown; zi(j) The jth detection section ith acoustic line depth.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a waveform classification method according to fig. 1, wherein the step 102 includes:
in step 1021, the malformed wave with distorted waveform is selected according to the maximum amplitude and waveform period of the acoustic wave data at each measuring point.
In step 1022, of the sound waves after the malformed wave is screened out, the sound wave having a wave velocity greater than (a +1000) is determined as the interference wave.
Wherein, the wave velocity a is comprehensively determined according to the strength grade of the concrete.
In step 1023, the acoustic wave having a wave velocity smaller than a is determined as an abnormal wave.
In step 1024, the acoustic wave having a wave velocity between a and (a +1000) is determined as the normal wave.
In an example, firstly, calculating the maximum amplitude and the waveform period of sound wave data of each measuring point to judge whether the sound wave data is a malformed wave with obviously distorted waveform, and if the sound wave data is the malformed wave, setting the sound wave data to be a preset value when the sound wave data first reaches the sound wave; if the wave is not a malformed wave, the next step is performed. Classifying the type of the sound wave by calculating the wave speed of the sound wave, and if the foundation pile is formed by pouring C40 concrete, setting a to be 3800m/s, and if the sound speed is higher than a +1000m/s to be 4800m/s, classifying the foundation pile into an interference wave; if the sound velocity is less than a 3800m/s, the abnormal wave is classified. The malformed waves, the interfering waves, and the abnormal waves are shown in fig. 5, 6, and 7, respectively.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an first arrival time intelligence correction apparatus based on a sound wave transmission method according to an exemplary embodiment, where, as shown in fig. 8, the first arrival time intelligence correction apparatus 800 includes:
the information obtaining module 810 obtains acoustic data and engineering data during the pile foundation detection process, where the acoustic data includes: acoustic amplitude information, a time interval for receiving the acoustic wave by the receiving transducer, and a time for delaying the reception of the acoustic wave, the engineering data including: the center distance between the first sounding pipe and the second sounding pipe, the initial value of the system sound time, and the distance of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer moving up and down in the sounding pipe simultaneously;
the waveform classification module 820 is connected with the information acquisition module 810, and determines interference waves with wave speed within a first wave speed threshold range, abnormal waves with wave speed within a second wave speed threshold range and normal waves according to the sound wave data;
and a correction module 830, connected to the waveform classification module 820, for correcting the interference wave and the abnormal wave according to the positions of the interference wave and the abnormal wave in the detection point set and the first-to-first wave sound time values of normal waves in a preset number of sound waves in an adjacent range, so as to determine the integrity of the pile body according to the corrected first wave amplitude, amplitude index, sound velocity index and PSD curve index of the sound waves.
Fig. 9 is a block diagram of an apparatus of a waveform classification module according to fig. 8, and as shown in fig. 9, the waveform classification module 820 includes:
the abnormal wave determining unit 821 screens out the abnormal wave with distorted waveform according to the maximum amplitude and the waveform period of the sound wave data of each measuring point;
an interference wave determining unit 822 connected to the malformed wave determining unit 821, for determining a sound wave having a wave velocity greater than (a +1000) as an interference wave among the sound waves after the malformed waves are screened, wherein the wave velocity a is determined comprehensively according to the strength grade of the concrete;
an abnormal wave determining unit 823 connected to the interference wave determining unit 822 for determining the acoustic wave having a wave velocity lower than the a as an abnormal wave;
the normal wave determining unit 824 is connected to the abnormal wave determining unit 823, and determines the acoustic wave having a wave velocity between a and (a +1000) as a normal wave.
Optionally, the modification module 830:
determining a sound wave to be corrected, wherein the sound wave to be corrected is one of the interference wave or the abnormal wave;
judging whether the sound wave to be corrected is the first detection point in the detection point set where the sound wave to be corrected is located, and if so, judging whether the sound wave to be corrected is the first detection point in all the detection point sets;
if the sound wave to be corrected is the first position in all the detection point sets, the initial first arrival time is taken as a starting point, and the position of the first arrival time for correcting the sound wave is searched in sound wave sampling data;
if the sound wave to be corrected is not the first position in all the detection point sets, judging whether normal wave detection points exist in ten adjacent waves of which the positions are respectively upward and downward;
if the detecting point of the normal wave exists, taking the average value of the normal wave when the sound wave to be corrected first reaches the wave sound as the first reaches the wave sound time value of the sound wave to be corrected;
if the detecting point of the normal wave does not exist, taking the first-to-wave sound time value of one sound wave adjacent to the position of the detecting point as the first-to-wave sound time value of the sound wave to be corrected.
In summary, the present disclosure relates to a first arrival time intelligent correction method and device based on a sound wave transmission method, the method includes: in the foundation pile detection process, acquiring acoustic data and engineering data, wherein the acoustic data comprises: acoustic amplitude information, a time interval for receiving the acoustic wave by the receiving transducer, and a time for delaying the reception of the acoustic wave, the engineering data including: the center distance between the first sounding pipe and the second sounding pipe, the initial value of the system sound time, and the distance of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer moving up and down in the sounding pipe simultaneously; determining interference waves with wave speed within a first wave speed threshold range, abnormal waves and normal waves with wave speed within a second wave speed threshold range according to the sound wave data; and correcting the interference waves and the abnormal waves according to the positions of the interference waves and the abnormal waves in the detection point set and the first wave sound time values of the normal waves in the preset number of sound waves in the adjacent range, so as to determine the integrity of the pile body according to the corrected first wave amplitude, amplitude index, sound velocity index and PSD curve index of the sound waves. The method and the device can intelligently correct the first arrival time of the first arrival wave, effectively avoid manual operation, greatly save labor and time and improve detection efficiency.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An intelligent first arrival wave sound time correction method based on a sound wave transmission method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the foundation pile detection process, sound wave data and engineering data are acquired, wherein the sound wave data comprise: the acoustic wave amplitude information, the time interval of receiving acoustic waves by the receiving transducer and the time of delaying receiving acoustic waves, wherein the engineering data comprises: the center distance between the first sounding pipe and the second sounding pipe, the initial value of the system sound time, and the distance of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer moving up and down in the sounding pipe simultaneously;
determining interference waves with wave speed within a first wave speed threshold range, abnormal waves and normal waves with wave speed within a second wave speed threshold range according to the sound wave data;
correcting the interference waves and the abnormal waves according to the positions of the interference waves and the abnormal waves in the detection point set and the first-to-wave sound values of the normal waves in the preset number of sound waves in the adjacent range, and determining the integrity of the pile body according to the corrected first wave amplitude, amplitude index, sound velocity index and PSD curve index of the sound waves;
wherein the determining of the interference wave with the wave speed within the first wave speed threshold range, the abnormal wave and the normal wave with the wave speed within the second wave speed threshold range according to the sound wave data comprises: screening out malformed waves with distorted waveforms according to the maximum amplitude and waveform period of the sound wave data of each measuring point; determining the sound waves with the wave speed greater than (a +1000) as interference waves in the sound waves after the malformed waves are screened out, wherein the wave speed a is comprehensively determined according to the strength grade of the concrete; determining the sound wave with the wave speed less than the a as an abnormal wave; determining the sound wave with the wave speed between a and (a +1000) as a normal wave;
the step of correcting the interference waves and the abnormal waves according to the positions of the interference waves and the abnormal waves in the detection point set and the first-to-first wave sound time values of the normal waves in the preset number of sound waves in the adjacent range comprises the following steps: determining a sound wave to be corrected, wherein the sound wave to be corrected is one of the interference wave or the abnormal wave; judging whether the sound wave to be corrected is the first detection point in the detection point set where the sound wave to be corrected is located, and if so, judging whether the sound wave to be corrected is the first detection point in all the detection point sets; if the sound wave to be corrected is the first position in all the detection point sets, searching the position of the first arrival time for correcting the sound wave in sound wave sampling data by taking the initial first arrival time as a starting point; if the sound wave to be corrected is not the first position in all the detection point sets, judging whether normal wave detection points exist in ten adjacent waves of which the positions are respectively upward and downward; if the detection point of the normal wave exists, taking the average value of the normal waves removed when the sound wave to be corrected first reaches the wave sound as the first reaches the wave sound time value of the sound wave to be corrected; if the detecting point of the normal wave does not exist, taking the first-to-wave sound time value of one sound wave adjacent to the position of the detecting point as the first-to-wave sound time value of the sound wave to be corrected.
2. The first arrival time intelligent correction method according to claim 1, further comprising:
if the sound wave to be corrected is not the first detection point in the detection point set where the sound wave to be corrected is located, comparing the sound time value of the first arrival wave position with the average first arrival wave sound time value of normal waves in the 10 sound waves adjacent to the upper side, the last interference wave first arrival wave sound time value above, the first arrival wave sound time value of the immediately adjacent interference wave below and the average first arrival wave sound time value of normal waves in the 10 sound waves adjacent to the upper side respectively to obtain a first difference value, a second difference value, a third difference value and a fourth difference value;
and if the absolute values of the first difference, the second difference, the third difference and the fourth difference are respectively less than 5 mu s, 8 mu s and 10 mu s, not correcting the sound wave to be corrected.
3. The first arrival time intelligent correction method according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising:
and searching the position of the first arrival time of the sound wave to be corrected in the sound wave sampling amplitude data by taking the average first arrival time as a starting point, and converting the position of the sampling point corresponding to the amplitude into the first arrival time value of the sound wave to be corrected.
4. The first-arrival-wave-sound-time intelligent correction method according to claim 3, wherein the method, with the average first-arrival-wave sound time as a starting point, searches for the position of the first-arrival-wave first-arrival time of the sound wave in sound wave sampling amplitude data, and converts the position of the sampling point corresponding to the amplitude into a first-arrival-wave sound time value, comprises:
determining whether the position of the sampling point is a positive half-wave or a negative half-wave of a waveform according to the positive and negative magnitudes of the amplitude of the sampling point;
comparing the amplitude of the sampling point with the amplitude of the adjacent front and back amplitudes, and judging whether the sampling point is on the wave rising side or the wave falling side;
if the sampling point is determined to be on the rising side of the positive half wave/negative half wave, adopting a forward search method;
if the sampling point is determined to be on the descending side of the positive half-wave/negative half-wave, a backward search method is adopted;
when the deviation between the average first arrival wave sound time value of the adjacent sound wave and the actual first arrival wave first arrival point of the sound wave is larger than a preset first threshold value, comparing the correction result with the first arrival wave sound time of the adjacent sound wave to obtain a fifth difference value;
and if the fifth difference is larger than a preset second threshold, compensating the correction result according to the fifth difference.
5. The first arrival time intelligent correction method according to claim 4, characterized by further comprising:
and if the fifth difference value between the compensated correction result and the standard value is larger than a preset third threshold value, searching the position of the first arrival time of the sound wave to be corrected in the sound wave sampling amplitude data by taking the average first arrival time as a starting point, and converting the position of the sampling point corresponding to the amplitude into the first arrival time value of the sound wave to be corrected.
6. An intelligent first arrival time correction device based on a sound wave transmission method is characterized by comprising the following components:
the information acquisition module acquires acoustic data and engineering data in the foundation pile detection process, wherein the acoustic data comprises: the acoustic wave amplitude information, the time interval of receiving acoustic waves by the receiving transducer and the time of delaying receiving acoustic waves, wherein the engineering data comprises: the center distance between the first sounding pipe and the second sounding pipe, the initial value of the system sound time, and the distance of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer moving up and down in the sounding pipe simultaneously;
the waveform classification module is connected with the information acquisition module and is used for determining interference waves with wave speed within a first wave speed threshold range, abnormal waves with wave speed within a second wave speed threshold range and normal waves according to the sound wave data;
the correction module is connected with the waveform classification module, corrects the interference waves and the abnormal waves according to the positions of the interference waves and the abnormal waves in the detection point set and the sound time values from the first wave to the first wave of the normal waves in a preset number of sound waves in an adjacent range, and determines the integrity of the pile body according to the corrected sound wave amplitude, the wave amplitude index, the sound velocity index and the PSD curve index;
wherein the waveform classification module comprises: the malformed wave determining unit screens out malformed waves with distorted waveforms according to the maximum amplitude and the waveform period of the sound wave data of each measuring point; the interference wave determining unit is connected with the malformed wave determining unit and determines the sound waves with the wave speed greater than (a +1000) as the interference waves in the sound waves after the malformed waves are screened out, wherein the wave speed a is comprehensively determined according to the strength grade of the concrete; an abnormal wave determining unit connected to the interference wave determining unit and determining the sound wave having a wave velocity lower than the a as an abnormal wave; a normal wave determining unit connected to the abnormal wave determining unit, determining the sound wave having a wave velocity between a and (a +1000) as a normal wave;
the correction module: determining a sound wave to be corrected, wherein the sound wave to be corrected is one of the interference wave or the abnormal wave; judging whether the sound wave to be corrected is the first detection point in the detection point set where the sound wave to be corrected is located, and if so, judging whether the sound wave to be corrected is the first detection point in all the detection point sets; if the sound wave to be corrected is the first position in all the detection point sets, searching the position of the first arrival time for correcting the sound wave in sound wave sampling data by taking the initial first arrival time as a starting point; if the sound wave to be corrected is not the first position in all the detection point sets, judging whether normal wave detection points exist in ten adjacent waves of which the positions are respectively upward and downward; if the detection point of the normal wave exists, taking the average value of the normal waves removed when the sound wave to be corrected first reaches the wave sound as the first reaches the wave sound time value of the sound wave to be corrected; if the detecting point of the normal wave does not exist, taking the first-to-wave sound time value of one sound wave adjacent to the position of the detecting point as the first-to-wave sound time value of the sound wave to be corrected.
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