CN112852466A - Oil-based drilling cutting harmless disposal and resource utilization while-drilling treatment method - Google Patents
Oil-based drilling cutting harmless disposal and resource utilization while-drilling treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112852466A CN112852466A CN202011535926.2A CN202011535926A CN112852466A CN 112852466 A CN112852466 A CN 112852466A CN 202011535926 A CN202011535926 A CN 202011535926A CN 112852466 A CN112852466 A CN 112852466A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
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- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a while-drilling treatment method for harmless disposal and resource utilization of oil-based drill cuttings, which comprises the following steps: conveying the oil-based drilling cuttings produced by drilling into a pretreatment unit, screening by a vibrating screen in the pretreatment unit, and feeding undersize into a feeding bin; conveying the undersize in the feeding bin to a thermal analysis unit through a feeding unit; the oil-based drilling cuttings move along with the conveying device in the thermal analysis unit, and the heating device is used for heating the oil-based drilling cuttings by a heat source in the moving conveying process; oil base drill chip heats up in the thermal desorption unit, takes place the pyrolytic reaction, and the high temperature oil gas of output is discharged through the high temperature oil gas export to carry to high temperature oil gas processing unit and handle, the remaining solid sediment behind the pyrolytic reaction is discharged through solid sediment export, and carries to the unit of slagging tap and handles. The invention can carry out the treatment of the oil-based drilling cuttings while drilling, realizes the treatment while production, can save the transportation cost, avoids the risk of leakage of the oil-based drilling cuttings in the transportation process, and has the advantages of thorough treatment of the oil-based drilling cuttings and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid waste/hazardous waste treatment, in particular to an oil-based drilling cutting treatment method, and more particularly relates to a treatment method while drilling for harmless treatment and resource utilization of oil-based drilling cutting.
Background
The oil-based drilling cuttings, also called oil-based cuttings, are a typical hazardous waste generated in the drilling process of exploration and exploitation of oil and gas resources, are a complex multiphase system containing mineral oil and phenolic compounds, and can pollute soil and water sources when being directly discharged, thereby endangering the survival of human beings.
At present, most of the oil-based drilling cuttings are collected firstly, for example, the generated oil-based drilling cuttings are collected at an oil and gas exploitation offshore platform, an onshore drilling working platform and the like, and then the oil-based drilling cuttings are sent to a solid waste/hazardous waste treatment unit for centralized disposal, so that the transportation cost and the environmental protection potential safety hazard of leakage of the oil-based drilling cuttings in the transportation process are obviously increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems, the invention provides a resource utilization while drilling treatment method for harmless disposal of oil-based drill cuttings, which can realize treatment while production, can save transportation cost, avoid the risk of leakage of the oil-based drill cuttings in the transportation process, and has the advantages of thorough disposal of the oil-based drill cuttings and the like.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
a while-drilling treatment method for harmless disposal and resource utilization of oil-based drill cuttings comprises the following steps:
(1) conveying the oil-based drilling cuttings produced by drilling into a pretreatment unit, screening by a vibrating screen in the pretreatment unit, conveying oversize products into a crusher for crushing, returning to the vibrating screen for continuous screening, and conveying undersize products into a feeding bin;
(2) conveying the undersize in the feeding bin to a thermal analysis unit through a feeding unit; the feeding unit comprises a feeding pipeline, one end of the feeding pipeline is connected with the bottom of the feeding bin, the other end of the feeding pipeline is connected with the thermal desorption unit, and a delivery pump is arranged on the feeding pipeline;
(3) the thermal analysis unit comprises a thermal analysis shell, the thermal analysis shell is vertically arranged, a feed inlet is formed in the top of the thermal analysis shell, a plurality of transversely arranged partition plates are vertically arranged in the thermal analysis shell, and the partition plates divide the interior of the thermal analysis shell into a plurality of thermal analysis chambers; a conveying device and a heating device are arranged in each thermal desorption chamber, the conveying device adopts a rotary track, a grate or a chain plate, and the heating device adopts an electric radiant tube, an electric radiant plate or a microwave heater; one end of each partition board is provided with a feed opening, the feed openings arranged on the upper and lower adjacent partition boards are arranged in a staggered manner, and the bottom of the thermal desorption shell is provided with a solid slag outlet; the feed inlets and the feed outlets arranged on the uppermost layer of the clapboard are arranged in a staggered manner, and the solid slag outlets and the feed outlets arranged on the lowermost layer of the clapboard are arranged in a staggered manner; a high-temperature oil gas outlet is formed in the thermal desorption shell corresponding to each thermal desorption cavity;
the solid slag outlet is connected with a slag discharging unit; the high-temperature oil gas outlet is connected with a high-temperature oil gas processing unit; the high-temperature oil and gas treatment unit is vertically arranged on one side of the thermal analysis unit;
the oil-based drilling cuttings enter the uppermost thermal desorption chamber from the feeding hole in the thermal desorption unit and fall into one end of the conveying device, the oil-based drilling cuttings move along with the conveying device, no rolling and extrusion exist in the thermal desorption chamber, almost no dust is generated, and then the oil-based drilling cuttings fall or slide into the conveying device of the next thermal desorption chamber through the discharging hole and still move along with the conveying device; during the conveying process, a heating device in the thermal desorption chamber provides a heat source for heating the oil-based drill cuttings; heating the oil-based drilling cuttings in a thermal desorption unit to increase the temperature, carrying out a pyrolysis reaction, discharging the produced high-temperature oil gas through a high-temperature oil gas outlet, conveying the high-temperature oil gas to a high-temperature oil gas treatment unit for treatment, discharging the residual solid slag after the pyrolysis reaction through a solid slag outlet, and conveying the residual solid slag to a slag discharge unit for treatment;
(4) the high-temperature oil-gas treatment unit comprises an oil-gas cooling section, an oil-water separation section and a sewage settling section, wherein the oil-gas cooling section comprises an oil-gas cooling tower body, the lower part of the oil-gas cooling tower body is provided with a high-temperature oil-gas inlet, the upper part of the oil-gas cooling tower body is provided with a spray water distributor, a filter is arranged in the oil-gas cooling tower body and above the spray water distributor, the top of the oil-gas cooling tower body is provided with a non-condensable gas outlet, and the bottom of the oil-gas cooling tower body is provided with an;
the oil-water separation section and the sewage settling section are arranged in an overlapping mode and are respectively positioned at the upper layer and the lower layer of the oil-water separation shell, and a horizontal dividing plate is arranged inside the oil-water separation shell;
a first overflow plate and a second overflow plate which are vertically arranged are arranged in the oil-water separation section, the bottoms of the first overflow plate and the second overflow plate are both connected with a horizontal dividing plate, a gap is reserved between the tops of the first overflow plate and the second overflow plate and the top of the oil-water separation shell, and the height of the first overflow plate is higher than that of the second overflow plate;
the first overflow plate and the second overflow plate divide the oil-water separation section into a mixing bin, an oil-water separation bin and an oil product settling bin;
the oil-gas cooling tower body is vertically arranged at one end of the top of the oil-water separation shell, the bottom of the oil-gas cooling tower body is communicated with a mixing bin of the oil-water separation section, a stirrer is arranged inside the mixing bin, and a demulsifier inlet communicated with the mixing bin is arranged at the upper part of the oil-gas cooling tower body; the first overflow plate is positioned between the mixing bin and the oil-water separation bin;
the bottom of the oil-water separation bin is provided with a blanking electric valve, and the oil-water separation bin is communicated with the sewage settling section through the blanking electric valve; a liquid level meter is arranged in the oil product settling bin, an oil product outlet and a sewage outlet which are communicated with the oil product settling bin are arranged on the other side of the upper part of the oil-water separation shell, and the oil product outlet is positioned above the sewage outlet;
two vertically arranged separation plates are arranged in the sewage settling section, the bottom ends of the separation plates are connected with the bottom of the oil-water separation shell, gaps are reserved between the top ends of the separation plates and the horizontal separation plates, and the separation plates divide the sewage settling section into a sewage settling bin and sewage filtering bins positioned on two sides of the sewage settling bin;
the sewage settling bin is positioned right below the oil-water separation bin, the upper part of the sewage settling bin is provided with an inclined plate settler, and the bottom of the sewage settling bin is provided with a sewage residue outlet; a filtering layer is arranged in the sewage filtering bin, and a water outlet communicated with the sewage filtering bin is arranged at the lower part of the oil-water separation shell;
high-temperature oil gas produced from a thermal desorption unit enters an oil gas cooling section through a high-temperature oil gas inlet, circulating water is sprayed through a spraying water distributor, the high-temperature oil gas is cooled to 60-80 ℃, oil water is cooled into liquid, the liquid enters a mixing bin in an oil-water separation section through an oil-water mixture falling port, and non-condensable gas is filtered through a filter and then is discharged through a non-condensable gas outlet;
adding a proper amount of demulsifier into the oil-water mixture in the mixing bin, uniformly mixing, allowing the mixture to enter an oil-water separation bin through a first overflow plate, allowing the upper oil to overflow into an oil sedimentation bin, and discharging the oil through an oil outlet after the oil is further sedimentated to reach a certain liquid level; when the water level in the oil product settling bin is higher, discharging the sewage through a sewage outlet; when the liquid level meter reaches a certain liquid level and oil is discharged, the blanking electric valve is started in a linkage manner, sewage at the lower part in the oil-water separation bin is discharged into the sewage settling bin, the sewage is settled through the inclined plate settler, upper water overflows into the sewage filtering bin, and after the sewage is filtered and purified through the filtering layer, lower clear water is discharged through the water outlet and is used as circulating water for spraying of the oil-gas cooling section; the sewage sludge at the bottom of the sewage settling bin is discharged through a sewage sludge outlet at regular intervals.
Preferably, be provided with distributed feed arrangement in thermal analysis unit's feed inlet department, distributed feed arrangement includes that the distributing device violently manages, is provided with the pan feeding mouth at the top center that the distributing device violently managed, and the pan feeding mouth is connected with feed pipe's one end, violently manages the bottom interval at the distributing device and is provided with the cloth outlet pipe, and the cloth outlet pipe is linked together with thermal analysis unit, all connects a purge gas import in the slope on each cloth outlet pipe.
Preferably, a high-low level liquid level alarm device is arranged in the feeding bin, and when the low liquid level alarm device gives an alarm, the conveying pump is suspended to ensure that the feeding bin is always filled with materials, so that material sealing is realized, and air is prevented from entering the thermal desorption unit; when the high material level is alarmed, the feeding into the liquid feeding bin is stopped, and the oil-based drilling cuttings are prevented from overflowing and leaking to cause environmental pollution.
Preferably, the heating temperature in the thermal desorption unit is 300-450 ℃, the pressure in the thermal desorption unit is micro-positive pressure, and the control pressure range is gauge pressure of 50-100 Pa.
Preferably, a baffle plate is arranged in the oil-water separation bin and close to the first overflow plate, the top end of the baffle plate is connected with the top of the oil-water separation shell, and a gap is reserved between the bottom end of the baffle plate and the horizontal dividing plate.
Preferably, the non-condensable gas outlet is further connected with a non-condensable gas treatment unit, the non-condensable gas treatment unit comprises a non-condensable gas treatment tower body, a non-condensable gas inlet is formed in the bottom of the non-condensable gas treatment tower body, a tail gas outlet is formed in the top of the non-condensable gas treatment tower body, and a catalyst filler is arranged inside the non-condensable gas treatment tower body;
the non-condensable gas from the oil gas condensation unit is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water after being subjected to catalytic oxidation treatment by a catalyst filler in the non-condensable gas treatment unit, and the carbon dioxide is discharged through a tail gas outlet as tail gas.
Preferably, the slag discharging unit comprises an inclined slag conveying section, and a cooling water jacket is arranged on the outer side of the inclined slag conveying section;
and cooling the solid slag to 30-80 ℃ by using cooling water, and then using the solid slag as a well-padding material, a paving material or a building material.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention can carry out the treatment of the oil-based drilling cuttings while drilling, realizes the treatment while production, can save the transportation cost, avoids the risk of leakage of the oil-based drilling cuttings in the transportation process, and has the advantages of thorough treatment of the oil-based drilling cuttings and the like.
In particular, the advantages of the method of the invention are represented in the following aspects:
1. provides a brand new method for the while-drilling treatment of the oil-based drilling cuttings.
2. The oil-based drilling cuttings are changed into valuable, and a large amount of oil resources with high added values are recovered from the oil-based drilling cuttings.
3. The problem of secondary pollution caused by scattering of the oil-based drilling cuttings in the transportation process is avoided.
4. The oil-based drilling cutting harmless treatment and resource utilization are realized, the oil-based drilling cutting treatment cost produced in drilling engineering is reduced, and the oil resource recovery can be realized.
5. By optimizing the device placement, the device is elevated in the longitudinal space, thereby increasing device throughput in the confined space.
6. By adopting the plate belt type conveying structure, the materials move along with the plate belt and are relatively static, no dust is generated, the oil product quality is greatly improved, and the project economic benefit is increased. Meanwhile, the whole structure is vertically arranged, if the thermal desorption unit is in a bow shape, the longitudinal space is fully utilized, the retention time of the materials in the furnace is fully prolonged, and the treatment effect is ensured; if the oil-gas cooling section, the oil-water separation section and the sewage settling section are reasonably arranged from top to bottom, the whole structure of the device is lifted in the longitudinal space, the device can be used in a limited space, and the treatment capacity of the device can be increased.
7. The heat transfer mode mainly based on radiation heat transfer is adopted, high-temperature components and parts are not in direct contact with materials, coking is greatly reduced, and long-period continuous and stable operation can be realized.
8. Realizing the on-site harmless treatment and resource utilization: after the oil-based drilling cuttings produced by drilling are treated by the system, the produced oil is recycled and can be used as a product or continuously drilled, the produced non-condensable gas is subjected to catalytic oxidation and then is discharged up to the standard, and the produced sewage is sent to a sewage treatment plant.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description and drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a thermal desorption unit involved in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of a thermal analysis unit involved in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the high temperature hydrocarbon treatment unit involved in the method of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a distributed feed apparatus involved in the process of the present invention.
In the figure: i, a pretreatment unit, II, a feeding unit, III, a thermal desorption unit, IV, a slag discharging unit, V, an oil gas cooling section, VI, an oil-water separation section, VII, a sewage settling section and VIII, non-condensable gas treatment unit;
1-vibrating screen, 2-feeding bin, 3-feeding pipeline, 4-delivery pump, 5-thermal desorption shell, 501-feeding inlet, 502-clapboard, 503-thermal desorption chamber, 504-delivery device, 505-heating device, 506-feeding outlet, 507-solid residue outlet, 508-high temperature oil gas outlet, 6-oil gas cooling tower, 601-high temperature oil gas inlet, 602-spray water distributor, 603-filter, 604-noncondensable gas outlet, 605-oil-water mixture falling port, 7-oil-water separation shell, 701-horizontal dividing plate, 702-first overflow plate, 703-second overflow plate, 704-mixing bin, 705-oil-water separation bin, 706-oil settling bin, 707-stirrer and 708-demulsifier inlet, 709-blanking electric valve, 7010-liquid level meter, 7011-oil outlet, 7012-sewage outlet, 7013-partition plate, 7014-sewage settling bin, 7015-sewage filtering bin, 7016-inclined plate settler, 7017-dirty slag outlet, 7018-filter layer, 7019-water outlet, 7020-baffle plate, 8-distributed feeding device, 801-horizontal distributor pipe, 802-feeding port, 803-distributing outlet pipe, 804-blowing gas inlet, 9-noncondensable gas treatment tower, 901-noncondensable gas inlet, 902-tail gas outlet, 903-catalyst filler, 10-inclined slag material conveying section and 11-cooling water jacket.
Detailed Description
On oil gas exploitation offshore platform and land drilling work platform, the space all is very limited, can produce oil base drill chip along with the exploitation process simultaneously, and there is not effective method at present to realize on oil gas exploitation offshore platform and land drilling work platform, carries out innocent treatment and resource utilization with oil base drill chip. Therefore, the waste water must be collected and then sent to relevant units for disposal, which brings a lot of cost and hidden danger of transportation, disposal and environmental protection. The invention provides a while-drilling treatment method for harmless treatment and resource utilization of oil-based drill cuttings. The details will be described below.
With the attached drawings, the while-drilling treatment method for harmless disposal and resource utilization of the oil-based drill cuttings comprises the following steps:
(1) the oil-based drilling cuttings produced by drilling are sent into a pretreatment unit I, screening is carried out through a vibrating screen 1 in the pretreatment unit, oversize products are sent into a crusher to be crushed and then return to the vibrating screen to be continuously screened, and undersize products enter a feeding bin 2.
(2) The undersize in the feeding bin 2 is conveyed to a thermal analysis unit III through a feeding unit II. The feeding unit comprises a feeding pipeline 3, one end of the feeding pipeline is connected with the bottom of the feeding bin, the other end of the feeding pipeline is connected with the thermal desorption unit, and a delivery pump 4 is arranged on the feeding pipeline.
(3) The thermal analysis unit iii includes a thermal analysis housing 5, and the thermal analysis housing is vertical arrangement, is provided with the feed inlet 501 at the top of the thermal analysis housing, has laid a plurality of transverse arrangement's baffle 502 from top to bottom in the inside of thermal analysis housing, the baffle is with the internal partitioning of thermal analysis housing a plurality of thermal analysis chambers 503. A conveying device 504 and a heating device 505 are arranged inside each thermal analysis chamber, the conveying device adopts a rotary track, a grate or a chain plate, and the heating device adopts an electric radiant tube, an electric radiant plate or a microwave heater. One end of the partition board is provided with a feed opening 506, the feed openings arranged on the upper and lower adjacent partition boards are arranged in a staggered manner, and the bottom of the thermal desorption shell is provided with a solid slag outlet 507. The feed inlets and the feed openings arranged on the uppermost layer of the clapboard are arranged in a staggered mode, and the solid slag outlets and the feed openings arranged on the lowermost layer of the clapboard are arranged in a staggered mode. A high-temperature oil gas outlet 508 is arranged on the thermal desorption shell corresponding to each thermal desorption cavity.
And the solid slag outlet 507 is connected with a slag discharging unit IV. The high-temperature oil gas outlet 508 is connected with a high-temperature oil gas processing unit which is vertically arranged on one side of the thermal desorption unit.
Oil-based drill chip gets into the thermal analysis cavity of the superiors layer by the feed inlet in thermal analysis unit, falls into conveyor's one end, and oil-based drill chip moves along with conveyor, does not have the extrusion of rolling in thermal analysis cavity, and nearly no dust produces, falls into or slides into the conveyor of the thermal analysis cavity of next floor through the feed opening afterwards on, still along with conveyor removes. During the conveying process, a heating device in the thermal desorption chamber provides a heat source to heat the oil-based drill cuttings. Oil base drill chip heats up in the thermal desorption unit, takes place the pyrolytic reaction, and the high temperature oil gas of output is discharged through the high temperature oil gas export to carry to high temperature oil gas processing unit and handle, the remaining solid sediment behind the pyrolytic reaction is discharged through solid sediment export, and carries to the unit of slagging tap and handles.
(4) The high temperature oil gas processing unit includes oil gas cooling section V, oil-water separation section VI and sewage settlement section VII, the oil gas cooling section includes oil gas cooling tower body 6, be provided with high temperature oil gas import 601 in the lower part of oil gas cooling tower body, upper portion at the oil gas cooling tower body is provided with sprays water distributor 602, the top department that just is located sprays water distributor in the inside of oil gas cooling tower body is provided with filter 603, top at the oil gas cooling tower body is provided with noncondensable gas export 604, bottom at the oil gas cooling tower body is provided with oil-water mixture whereabouts mouth 605.
The oil-water separation section and the sewage settling section are arranged in an overlapping mode and are respectively positioned on the upper layer and the lower layer of the oil-water separation shell 7, and a horizontal dividing plate 701 is arranged inside the oil-water separation shell. The inside at the oil-water separation section is provided with first overflow plate 702 and the second overflow plate 703 of vertical arrangement, and the bottom of first overflow plate and second overflow plate all is connected with horizontal division board, leaves the space between the top of first overflow plate and second overflow plate and the top of oil-water separation casing, and the height of first overflow plate is higher than the second overflow plate. The first overflow plate and the second overflow plate divide the oil-water separation section into a mixing bin 704, an oil-water separation bin 705 and an oil product settling bin 706.
The oil gas cooling tower body 6 is vertically arranged at one end of the top of the oil-water separation shell, the bottom of the oil gas cooling tower body is communicated with a mixing bin of the oil-water separation section, a stirrer 707 is arranged in the mixing bin, and a demulsifier inlet 708 communicated with the mixing bin is arranged at the upper part of the oil gas cooling tower body. The first overflow plate is arranged between the mixing bin and the oil-water separation bin.
The bottom of the oil-water separation bin is provided with a blanking electric valve 709, and the oil-water separation bin is communicated with the sewage settling section through the blanking electric valve 709. A liquid level meter 7010 is arranged inside the oil product settling bin, an oil product outlet 7011 and a sewage outlet 7012 which are communicated with the oil product settling bin are arranged on the other side of the upper part of the oil-water separation shell, and the oil product outlet is positioned above the sewage outlet.
The sewage settling section is internally provided with two vertically arranged partition plates 7013, the bottom ends of the partition plates are connected with the bottom of the oil-water separation shell, gaps are reserved between the top ends of the partition plates and the horizontal partition plates, and the sewage settling section is divided into a sewage settling bin 7014 and sewage filtering bins 7015 positioned on two sides of the sewage settling bin by the partition plates.
The sewage settling bin 7014 is positioned right below the oil-water separation bin 705, the upper part of the sewage settling bin is provided with an inclined plate settler 7016, and the bottom of the sewage settling bin is provided with a sewage residue outlet 7017. A filtering layer 7018 is arranged in the sewage filtering bin, and a water outlet 7019 communicated with the sewage filtering bin is arranged at the lower part of the oil-water separation shell.
High-temperature oil gas from thermal desorption unit output passes through the import of high-temperature oil gas and gets into the oil gas cooling section, sprays the circulating water through spraying water distributor, with high-temperature oil gas cooling to 60 ~ 80 ℃, the oil-water cooling is liquid, gets into the mixing bunker in the oil-water separation section through the oil-water mixture whereabouts mouth, noncondensable gas passes through the filter filtration back, through noncondensable gas export discharge.
Adding a proper amount of demulsifier into the oil-water mixture in the mixing bin, uniformly mixing, allowing the mixture to enter an oil-water separation bin through a first overflow plate, allowing the upper oil to overflow into an oil sedimentation bin, and discharging the oil through an oil outlet after the oil is further sedimentated to reach a certain liquid level; when the water level in the oil product settling bin is higher, discharging the sewage through a sewage outlet; when the liquid level meter reaches a certain liquid level and oil is discharged, the blanking electric valve is started in a linkage manner, sewage at the lower part in the oil-water separation bin is discharged into the sewage settling bin, the sewage is settled through the inclined plate settler, upper water overflows into the sewage filtering bin, and after the sewage is filtered and purified through the filtering layer, lower clear water is discharged through the water outlet and is used as circulating water for spraying of the oil-gas cooling section; the sewage sludge at the bottom of the sewage settling bin is discharged through a sewage sludge outlet at regular intervals.
The heating temperature in the thermal desorption unit is 300-450 ℃, the pressure in the thermal desorption unit is micro-positive pressure, and the control pressure range is gauge pressure of 50-100 Pa.
As a further design of the invention, a distributed feeding device 8 is arranged at a feeding port of the thermal desorption unit, the distributed feeding device comprises a horizontal distributor pipe 801, a feeding port 802 is arranged at the center of the top of the horizontal distributor pipe, the feeding port is connected with one end of a feeding pipeline, distribution outlet pipes 803 are arranged at the bottom of the horizontal distributor pipe at intervals, the distribution outlet pipes are communicated with the thermal desorption unit, and a blowing gas inlet 804 is obliquely connected to each distribution outlet pipe. Even feeding and distributing of the oil-based drilling cuttings can be achieved through the distributed feeding device 8.
Furthermore, a high-low level liquid level alarm device is arranged in the feeding bin, and when the low liquid level alarm device gives an alarm, the conveying pump is suspended to ensure that the feeding bin is always filled with materials, so that material sealing is realized, and air is prevented from entering the thermal desorption unit; when the high material level is alarmed, the feeding into the liquid feeding bin is stopped, and the oil-based drilling cuttings are prevented from overflowing and leaking to cause environmental pollution.
Further, a baffle plate 7020 is arranged in the oil-water separation bin and close to the first overflow plate, the top end of the baffle plate is connected with the top of the oil-water separation shell, and a gap is reserved between the bottom end of the baffle plate and the horizontal dividing plate. The overflow speed from the mixing bin to the oil-water separation bin can be reduced through the baffle 7020, and the treatment effect is improved.
Further, the noncondensable gas outlet is connected with noncondensable gas processing unit VIII, and noncondensable gas processing unit VIII includes noncondensable gas treatment tower body 9, is provided with noncondensable gas import 901 in the bottom of noncondensable gas treatment tower body, is provided with tail gas outlet 902 at the top of noncondensable gas treatment tower body, is provided with catalyst filler 903 in the inside of noncondensable gas treatment tower body. The non-condensable gas from the oil gas condensation unit is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water after being subjected to catalytic oxidation treatment by a catalyst filler in the non-condensable gas treatment unit, and the carbon dioxide is discharged through a tail gas outlet as tail gas.
Furthermore, the slag discharging unit IV comprises an inclined slag conveying section 10, and a cooling water jacket 11 is arranged on the outer side of the inclined slag conveying section; and cooling the solid slag to 30-80 ℃ by using cooling water, and then using the solid slag as a well-padding material, a paving material or a building material.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific application examples:
example 1
Raw materials: oil-based drill cuttings for certain oil fields;
consists of the following components: 15% of water, 15% of oil and 70% of solid.
And (3) conveying the oil-based drilling cuttings produced by drilling into a vibrating screen for screening, conveying oversize products into a crusher for crushing, returning the crushed oversize products to the vibrating screen for continuous screening, and conveying undersize products into a feeding bin. The screen size of the shaker was 10 x 10 mm. Adopt the pumping mode with the oil base drill chip pump in the feeding storehouse in the charge-in pipeline, set up distributed feed arrangement at thermal desorption stove top for liquid oil base drill chip can even feeding. Set up high low level liquid level warning in the feeding storehouse, when low liquid level warning, the feed pump of suspending to guarantee to have the material all the time in the feeding storehouse, realize the material and seal, prevent that the air from getting into in the thermal analysis unit. When the high material level was reported to the police, stopped feeding in to the feeding storehouse, prevented that oil base drill chip from spilling and leaking, cause environmental pollution. Oil base drill chip that carries into in the thermal analysis unit through the feed unit tiling on the conveyor in the thermal analysis unit, oil base drill chip moves along with conveyor, does not roll and does not have the extrusion, and nearly no dust produces in the processing procedure, has solved the jam problem, and the few quality of dust is high in the oil simultaneously. The thermal desorption unit is divided into an upper layer reaction chamber and a lower layer reaction chamber, the upper layer reaction chamber uses a microwave generator to heat the oil-based drilling cuttings, the oil-based drilling cuttings are heated to about 100 ℃, after water and part of light oil in the oil-based drilling cuttings are removed, the materials enter the lower layer reaction chamber, an electric radiant tube is used as a heat source to heat the oil-based drilling cuttings to 400 ℃, the oil and the water in the oil-based drilling cuttings are heated and evaporated, part of macromolecular organic matters are decomposed, the produced high-temperature oil gas is discharged from a high-temperature oil gas outlet to a thermal desorption unit to enter a high-temperature oil gas treatment unit, the spraying cooling water of the oil gas cooling section is directly sprayed and cooled to 60-80 ℃, oil water is condensed into liquid, the liquid enters an oil-water separation section from an oil-water mixture falling opening, the non-condensable gas enters the non-. The oil-water mixture from the oil-gas cooling section is separated in the oil-water separation section by gravity settling, and the upper oil product is sent into an oil tank to be sold as a product or directly used as a supplement of oil-based mud for well drilling. The sewage at the lower part is sent into a sewage settling section, after gravity settling separation and filtration in the sewage settling section, the clear water at the upper part is used as circulating cooling water for spraying, and the intermediate sewage is discharged into a sewage tank and sent to a sewage treatment plant for disposal; and (4) sending the waste water containing dust at the bottom into a feeding bin for continuous disposal.
The temperature of an upper-layer thermal analysis chamber of the thermal analysis unit is 120 ℃, the temperature of a lower-layer thermal analysis chamber is 450 ℃, the temperature of a solid slag outlet is 400 ℃, the indoor pressure is 100Pa, the retention time of the oil-based drilling cuttings in the thermal analysis unit is 40min, and the oil-based drilling cuttings can be adjusted within the range of 20-150 min. By adopting the method to treat the oil-based drilling cuttings while drilling, the oil content of the treated solid slag is reduced to below 0.3 percent.
Example 2
Raw materials: oil-based drill cuttings for certain oil fields;
consists of the following components: 15% of water, 15% of oil and 70% of solid.
And (3) conveying the oil-based drilling cuttings produced by drilling into a vibrating screen for screening, conveying oversize products into a crusher for crushing, returning the crushed oversize products to the vibrating screen for continuous screening, and conveying undersize products into a feeding bin. The screen size of the shaker was 10 x 10 mm. Adopt the pumping mode with the oil base drilling cutting pump in the feed bin into the charge-in pipeline, set up distributed feed arrangement at thermal analysis unit top feed inlet department for liquid oil base drilling cutting can even feeding. Set up high low level liquid level warning in the feeding storehouse, when low liquid level warning, the feed pump of suspending to guarantee to have the material all the time in the feeding storehouse, realize the material and seal, prevent that the air from getting into in the thermal analysis unit. When the high material level was reported to the police, stopped feeding in to the feeding storehouse, prevented that oil base drill chip from spilling and leaking, cause environmental pollution. Oil base drill chip that carries into in the thermal analysis unit through the feed unit tiling on the conveyor in the thermal analysis unit, oil base drill chip moves along with conveyor, does not roll and does not have the extrusion, and nearly no dust produces in the processing procedure, has solved the jam problem, and the few quality of dust is high in the oil simultaneously. The thermal analysis unit is divided into an upper layer reaction chamber and a lower layer reaction chamber, the upper layer reaction chamber uses an electric radiation tube to heat the oil-based drilling cuttings to about 300 ℃, after water and part of light oil in the oil-based drilling cuttings are removed, the material enters the lower layer reaction chamber, the electric radiation tube is used as a heat source to heat the oil-based drilling cuttings to 400 ℃, the oil and the water in the oil-based drilling cuttings are heated and evaporated, part of macromolecular organic matters are decomposed, and the produced high-temperature oil gas is discharged from a high-temperature oil gas outlet to the thermal analysis unit and enters the high-temperature oil gas treatment. Firstly, cooling water is sprayed in the oil-gas cooling section to directly spray and cool the oil-gas cooling section to 60-80 ℃, oil and water are condensed into liquid, and the oil-water mixture is sent into the oil-water separation section from the lower part of the oil-gas cooling section. The non-condensable gas enters the non-condensable gas treatment unit from the top of the oil gas cooling section, is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water after being subjected to catalytic oxidation treatment, and is discharged. The oil-water mixture from the oil-gas cooling section is separated in the oil-water separation section by gravity settling, and the upper oil product is sent into an oil tank to be sold as a product or directly used as a supplement of oil-based mud for well drilling. The sewage at the lower part is sent into a sewage settling section, after gravity settling separation in the sewage settling section, clear water at the upper part is used as circulating cooling water for spraying, and the dust-containing waste water at the bottom part is sent into a feeding bin for continuous treatment.
The temperature of the upper thermal desorption chamber of the thermal desorption unit is 120 ℃, the temperature of the lower thermal desorption chamber is 450 ℃, the temperature of the material outlet is 400 ℃, and the pressure in the thermal desorption unit is 100 Pa. The residence time of the oil-based drill cuttings in the thermal desorption unit is 40min, and the residence time can be adjusted within the range of 20-150 min. By adopting the method to treat the oil-based drilling cuttings, the oil content of the treated solid residue is reduced to below 0.3 percent.
Claims (7)
1. A while-drilling treatment method for harmless disposal and resource utilization of oil-based drill cuttings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) conveying the oil-based drilling cuttings produced by drilling into a pretreatment unit, screening by a vibrating screen in the pretreatment unit, conveying oversize products into a crusher for crushing, returning to the vibrating screen for continuous screening, and conveying undersize products into a feeding bin;
(2) conveying the undersize in the feeding bin to a thermal analysis unit through a feeding unit; the feeding unit comprises a feeding pipeline, one end of the feeding pipeline is connected with the bottom of the feeding bin, the other end of the feeding pipeline is connected with the thermal desorption unit, and a delivery pump is arranged on the feeding pipeline;
(3) the thermal analysis unit comprises a thermal analysis shell, the thermal analysis shell is vertically arranged, a feed inlet is formed in the top of the thermal analysis shell, a plurality of transversely arranged partition plates are vertically arranged in the thermal analysis shell, and the partition plates divide the interior of the thermal analysis shell into a plurality of thermal analysis chambers; a conveying device and a heating device are arranged in each thermal desorption chamber, the conveying device adopts a rotary track, a grate or a chain plate, and the heating device adopts an electric radiant tube, an electric radiant plate or a microwave heater; one end of each partition board is provided with a feed opening, the feed openings arranged on the upper and lower adjacent partition boards are arranged in a staggered manner, and the bottom of the thermal desorption shell is provided with a solid slag outlet; the feed inlets and the feed outlets arranged on the uppermost layer of the clapboard are arranged in a staggered manner, and the solid slag outlets and the feed outlets arranged on the lowermost layer of the clapboard are arranged in a staggered manner; a high-temperature oil gas outlet is formed in the thermal desorption shell corresponding to each thermal desorption cavity;
the solid slag outlet is connected with a slag discharging unit; the high-temperature oil gas outlet is connected with a high-temperature oil gas processing unit; the high-temperature oil and gas treatment unit is vertically arranged on one side of the thermal analysis unit;
the oil-based drilling cuttings enter the uppermost thermal desorption chamber from the feeding hole in the thermal desorption unit and fall into one end of the conveying device, the oil-based drilling cuttings move along with the conveying device, no rolling and extrusion exist in the thermal desorption chamber, almost no dust is generated, and then the oil-based drilling cuttings fall or slide into the conveying device of the next thermal desorption chamber through the discharging hole and still move along with the conveying device; during the conveying process, a heating device in the thermal desorption chamber provides a heat source for heating the oil-based drill cuttings; heating the oil-based drilling cuttings in a thermal desorption unit to increase the temperature, carrying out a pyrolysis reaction, discharging the produced high-temperature oil gas through a high-temperature oil gas outlet, conveying the high-temperature oil gas to a high-temperature oil gas treatment unit for treatment, discharging the residual solid slag after the pyrolysis reaction through a solid slag outlet, and conveying the residual solid slag to a slag discharge unit for treatment;
(4) the high-temperature oil-gas treatment unit comprises an oil-gas cooling section, an oil-water separation section and a sewage settling section, wherein the oil-gas cooling section comprises an oil-gas cooling tower body, the lower part of the oil-gas cooling tower body is provided with a high-temperature oil-gas inlet, the upper part of the oil-gas cooling tower body is provided with a spray water distributor, a filter is arranged in the oil-gas cooling tower body and above the spray water distributor, the top of the oil-gas cooling tower body is provided with a non-condensable gas outlet, and the bottom of the oil-gas cooling tower body is provided with an;
the oil-water separation section and the sewage settling section are arranged in an overlapping mode and are respectively positioned at the upper layer and the lower layer of the oil-water separation shell, and a horizontal dividing plate is arranged inside the oil-water separation shell;
a first overflow plate and a second overflow plate which are vertically arranged are arranged in the oil-water separation section, the bottoms of the first overflow plate and the second overflow plate are both connected with a horizontal dividing plate, a gap is reserved between the tops of the first overflow plate and the second overflow plate and the top of the oil-water separation shell, and the height of the first overflow plate is higher than that of the second overflow plate;
the first overflow plate and the second overflow plate divide the oil-water separation section into a mixing bin, an oil-water separation bin and an oil product settling bin;
the oil-gas cooling tower body is vertically arranged at one end of the top of the oil-water separation shell, the bottom of the oil-gas cooling tower body is communicated with a mixing bin of the oil-water separation section, a stirrer is arranged inside the mixing bin, and a demulsifier inlet communicated with the mixing bin is arranged at the upper part of the oil-gas cooling tower body; the first overflow plate is positioned between the mixing bin and the oil-water separation bin;
the bottom of the oil-water separation bin is provided with a blanking electric valve, and the oil-water separation bin is communicated with the sewage settling section through the blanking electric valve; a liquid level meter is arranged in the oil product settling bin, an oil product outlet and a sewage outlet which are communicated with the oil product settling bin are arranged on the other side of the upper part of the oil-water separation shell, and the oil product outlet is positioned above the sewage outlet;
two vertically arranged separation plates are arranged in the sewage settling section, the bottom ends of the separation plates are connected with the bottom of the oil-water separation shell, gaps are reserved between the top ends of the separation plates and the horizontal separation plates, and the separation plates divide the sewage settling section into a sewage settling bin and sewage filtering bins positioned on two sides of the sewage settling bin;
the sewage settling bin is positioned right below the oil-water separation bin, the upper part of the sewage settling bin is provided with an inclined plate settler, and the bottom of the sewage settling bin is provided with a sewage residue outlet; a filtering layer is arranged in the sewage filtering bin, and a water outlet communicated with the sewage filtering bin is arranged at the lower part of the oil-water separation shell;
high-temperature oil gas produced from a thermal desorption unit enters an oil gas cooling section through a high-temperature oil gas inlet, circulating water is sprayed through a spraying water distributor, the high-temperature oil gas is cooled to 60-80 ℃, oil water is cooled into liquid, the liquid enters a mixing bin in an oil-water separation section through an oil-water mixture falling port, and non-condensable gas is filtered through a filter and then is discharged through a non-condensable gas outlet;
adding a proper amount of demulsifier into the oil-water mixture in the mixing bin, uniformly mixing, allowing the mixture to enter an oil-water separation bin through a first overflow plate, allowing the upper oil to overflow into an oil sedimentation bin, and discharging the oil through an oil outlet after the oil is further sedimentated to reach a certain liquid level; when the water level in the oil product settling bin is higher, discharging the sewage through a sewage outlet; when the liquid level meter reaches a certain liquid level and oil is discharged, the blanking electric valve is started in a linkage manner, sewage at the lower part in the oil-water separation bin is discharged into the sewage settling bin, the sewage is settled through the inclined plate settler, upper water overflows into the sewage filtering bin, and after the sewage is filtered and purified through the filtering layer, lower clear water is discharged through the water outlet and is used as circulating water for spraying of the oil-gas cooling section; the sewage sludge at the bottom of the sewage settling bin is discharged through a sewage sludge outlet at regular intervals.
2. The while-drilling treatment method for harmless disposal and resource utilization of the oil-based drill cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that: be provided with distributed feed arrangement in thermal analysis unit's feed inlet department, distributed feed arrangement includes that the distributing device violently manages, violently manages at the distributing device top center and is provided with the pan feeding mouth, and the pan feeding mouth is connected with charge-in pipeline's one end, violently manages at the distributing device bottom interval and is provided with the cloth outlet pipe, and the cloth outlet pipe is linked together with thermal analysis unit, all inclines to connect a purge gas import on each cloth outlet pipe.
3. The while-drilling treatment method for harmless disposal and resource utilization of the oil-based drill cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that: a high-low level liquid level alarm device is arranged in the feeding bin, and when the low liquid level alarm device alarms, the conveying pump is suspended to ensure that the feeding bin is always filled with materials, so that material sealing is realized, and air is prevented from entering the thermal desorption unit; when the high material level is alarmed, the feeding into the liquid feeding bin is stopped, and the oil-based drilling cuttings are prevented from overflowing and leaking to cause environmental pollution.
4. The while-drilling treatment method for harmless disposal and resource utilization of the oil-based drill cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heating temperature in the thermal desorption unit is 300-450 ℃, the pressure in the thermal desorption unit is micro-positive pressure, and the control pressure range is gauge pressure of 50-100 Pa.
5. The while-drilling treatment method for harmless disposal and resource utilization of the oil-based drill cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oil-water separation bin is characterized in that a baffle plate is arranged in the oil-water separation bin and close to the first overflow plate, the top end of the baffle plate is connected with the top of the oil-water separation shell, and a gap is reserved between the bottom end of the baffle plate and the horizontal dividing plate.
6. The while-drilling treatment method for harmless disposal and resource utilization of the oil-based drill cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the non-condensable gas outlet is also connected with a non-condensable gas treatment unit, the non-condensable gas treatment unit comprises a non-condensable gas treatment tower body, the bottom of the non-condensable gas treatment tower body is provided with a non-condensable gas inlet, the top of the non-condensable gas treatment tower body is provided with a tail gas outlet, and catalyst filler is arranged inside the non-condensable gas treatment tower body;
the non-condensable gas from the oil gas condensation unit is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water after being subjected to catalytic oxidation treatment by a catalyst filler in the non-condensable gas treatment unit, and the carbon dioxide is discharged through a tail gas outlet as tail gas.
7. The while-drilling treatment method for harmless disposal and resource utilization of the oil-based drill cuttings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the slag discharging unit comprises an inclined slag conveying section, and a cooling water jacket is arranged on the outer side of the inclined slag conveying section;
and cooling the solid slag to 30-80 ℃ by using cooling water, and then using the solid slag as a well-padding material, a paving material or a building material.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113355122A (en) * | 2021-05-29 | 2021-09-07 | 浙江红狮环保股份有限公司 | Method for cooperatively treating drilling cuttings by cement kiln |
| CN114231302A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-25 | 四川轻化工大学 | Small-size independent modular skid-mounted pyrolysis device of function |
| CN114479891A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-13 | 北京鑫源寰宇环保科技有限公司 | Organic waste resource utilization treatment method |
| CN116065985A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-05-05 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Harmless advanced treatment method for solid-liquid waste of water-based drilling fluid |
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| CN109538139A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-03-29 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | A kind of thermal desorption processing method of oil-based drill cuttings |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104909539A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-09-16 | 湖州宜可欧环保科技有限公司 | Method for treating oilfield wastes and device for implementing method |
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| CN113355122A (en) * | 2021-05-29 | 2021-09-07 | 浙江红狮环保股份有限公司 | Method for cooperatively treating drilling cuttings by cement kiln |
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| CN114231302A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-25 | 四川轻化工大学 | Small-size independent modular skid-mounted pyrolysis device of function |
| CN116065985A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-05-05 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Harmless advanced treatment method for solid-liquid waste of water-based drilling fluid |
| CN116065985B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-01-30 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Harmless advanced treatment method for solid-liquid waste of water-based drilling fluid |
| CN114479891A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-13 | 北京鑫源寰宇环保科技有限公司 | Organic waste resource utilization treatment method |
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