CN112849191A

CN112849191A - Railway vehicle, bogie and axle box suspension device thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112849191A
Application number: CN202110334000.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 许善超; 张文龙; 李超; 耿忠华; 徐世峰; 丁洪亮
Original assignee: CRRC Qiqihar Rolling Stock Co Ltd
Current assignee: CRRC Qiqihar Rolling Stock Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-03-29
Filing date: 2021-03-29
Publication date: 2021-05-28

Abstract

The invention discloses a rail vehicle, a bogie and an axle box suspension device thereof, wherein the axle box suspension device comprises two axle box springs vertically arranged at the side of an axle box, a wedge is arranged between each axle box spring and a guide frame at the corresponding side, and each wedge is in friction fit with the side face of the axle box at the corresponding side; the straight-top elastic piece is arranged between the inclined wedge and the guide frame in a pre-deformation mode and is configured to: the deformed spring may create a force applied to the wedge to urge the wedge toward the axle housing side of the respective side. By applying the scheme, the spring is pre-compressed and arranged between the wedge and the guide frame to directly push the spring, so that the positive pressure of friction adaptation between the wedge and the axle box is built, the longitudinal positioning rigidity can be effectively improved, the dynamic performance of the vehicle is ensured, and the possibility that the abrasion influences the performance of the vehicle can be completely avoided.

Description

Railway vehicle, bogie and axle box suspension device thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of railway vehicles, in particular to a railway vehicle, a bogie and an axle box suspension device thereof.

Background

As is well known, a bogie is used to support a vehicle body and guide the vehicle along a track, and receives various loads from the vehicle body and a track. For rail vehicles, the bogie is the core component that affects the dynamic performance of the vehicle.

Taking a railway wagon bogie as an example, the bogie can be divided into two types, namely a welded framework bogie and a cast steel three-piece bogie, from the perspective of a forming process. The welded framework type bogie mainly comprises a framework, a foundation brake device, an axle box suspension device, an elastic side bearing and the like, wherein the axle box suspension device is strongly related to the dynamic performance of a vehicle and directly determines and influences the dynamic performance of the vehicle.

A typical axle box suspension device comprises a wheel pair, an axle box, springs, a wedge, a wear plate and the like, wherein the axle box, the springs, the wedge, the wear plate and the like are arranged on the wheel pair; the inclined wedges positioned on the two sides of the axle box are respectively matched with the side faces of the axle box through the abrasion plates. In the prior art, the end wheel pair of the bogie adopts the double-wedge structure, and the middle wheel pair has no wedge. The end wheel set is positioned by a bilateral symmetrical wedge structure under the limitation of the structure of the end wheel set, the position of a balance point is uncertain, and the structural stability is directly influenced; the middle wheel pair is positioned by the longitudinal and transverse stiffness of the spring, and the axle box spring has too small stiffness. Overall, the vehicle dynamics are not stable enough.

In view of the above, it is desirable to optimize the axle box suspension of a bogie to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a railway vehicle, a bogie and an axle box suspension device thereof, which improve the reliability by optimizing the structure of the axle box suspension device.

The axle box suspension device comprises two axle box springs vertically arranged at the side of an axle box, wherein a wedge is arranged between each axle box spring and a guide frame at the corresponding side, and each wedge is in friction fit with the side face of the axle box at the corresponding side; the straight-top elastic piece is arranged between the inclined wedge and the guide frame in a pre-deformation mode and is configured to: the deformed spring may create a force applied to the wedge to urge the wedge toward the axle housing side of the respective side.

Preferably, the body of the guide frame is provided with a first elastic piece mounting concave part, and the bottom surface of the first elastic piece mounting concave part forms a first limiting surface matched with one end of the straight-top elastic piece; correspondingly, the body of the wedge is provided with a second elastic piece mounting concave part, and the bottom surface of the second elastic piece mounting concave part forms a second limiting surface matched with the other end of the straight-ejecting elastic piece; and two ends of the straight ejection elastic piece are respectively pressed against the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface.

Preferably, a first overflowing hole communicated with the first elastic piece mounting concave portion is formed in the body of the guide frame, and a second overflowing hole communicated with the second elastic piece mounting concave portion is formed in the body of the wedge.

Preferably, the straight-top elastic piece is a straight-top spring arranged along the horizontal direction, and the first overflowing hole and the second overflowing hole are oppositely arranged through a central hole of the straight-top spring.

Preferably, a wedge surface adapted to the inclined surface of the guide frame is located on the surface of the body of the wedge above the second elastic member mounting recess, and a guide frame wear plate is disposed between the wedge surface and the guide frame.

Preferably, a main friction plate is arranged between the wedge and the side face of the axle box on the corresponding side, and the main friction plate is embedded on the body of the wedge.

Preferably, the pedestal body on the side opposite to the pedestal has an extension extending downward, the extension having a central through hole through which the wedge is frictionally fitted to the pedestal side of the corresponding side.

The invention also provides another axle box suspension device which comprises two axle box springs arranged beside an axle box, wherein a wedge is arranged between each axle box spring and a guide frame on the corresponding side, and each wedge is in friction fit with the side face of the axle box on the corresponding side; the straight-top elastic piece is arranged between the inclined wedge and the framework in a pre-deformation mode and is configured to: the deformed spring may create a force applied to the wedge to urge the wedge toward the axle housing side of the respective side.

Preferably, the body of the framework, which is positioned outside the guide frame, is provided with a third limiting surface matched with one end of the straight-top elastic piece; correspondingly, a second elastic piece mounting concave part is arranged on the body of the wedge, and a second limiting surface matched with the other end of the straight-ejecting elastic piece is formed on the bottom surface of the second elastic piece mounting concave part; and two ends of the straight ejection elastic piece are respectively pressed against the third limiting surface and the second limiting surface.

Preferably, a wedge surface adapted to the inclined surface of the guide frame is located on the surface of the body of the wedge above the second elastic piece mounting recess, and a guide frame wearing plate is arranged between the wedge surface and the guide frame; and a main friction plate is arranged between the wedge and the side face of the axle box on the corresponding side.

The invention also provides a bogie comprising a frame and at least two pedestal suspension units located below the frame, wherein the pedestal suspension units located at least at the ends of the frame are the pedestal suspension units.

The invention also provides a railway vehicle comprising a bogie as described above.

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides an innovative solution for the axle box suspension device, and a straight-ejecting elastic part is respectively and correspondingly configured corresponding to the inclined wedges on the two sides of the axle box. Specifically, each of the straight-topped elastic members is pre-deformed between the corresponding wedge and the pedestal or frame, and is deformed to store elastic deformation energy and thus to generate a force applied to the wedge to urge the wedge to have a tendency to be displaced toward the side of the corresponding side pedestal. Based on the vertical association and adaptation relationship of the axle box springs and the wedges on the two sides, the wedge surfaces on the wedges are attached to the inclined surfaces in the guide frames, and the vertical force formed by the axle box springs generates horizontal component force through the inclined surfaces of the wedges and the guide frames and acts on the corresponding axle box side surfaces. On the basis, the straight-ejecting elastic piece is pre-compressed between the wedge and the guide frame to form pre-pressure and acts on the side face of the axle box through the wedge, namely, two horizontal acting forces are fitted and act on the side face of the axle box together to construct positive pressure of friction fit between the wedge and the axle box. The application of the scheme has the following beneficial technical effects:

firstly, the axle box suspension device is provided with the straight-top elastic piece, so that the vertical vibration damping positive pressure is provided for the axle box, meanwhile, the longitudinal positioning rigidity can be integrally improved, and the dynamic performance of a vehicle is ensured.

Secondly, in the running process of a vehicle, when the adaptive part generates abrasion time, the inclined wedge can always keep the friction adaptive relation with the side face of the corresponding axle box based on the arrangement of the straight ejection elastic piece, and abrasion compensation is realized. Therefore, by ensuring reliable positive pressure between the two, when the shaft box generates vertical relative displacement, stable damping effect for realizing effective vibration reduction function is generated under the action of friction force, and the possibility that the abrasion influences the performance of the vehicle can be completely avoided.

Thirdly, under the associated adaptive relation of the axle box springs and the wedges on the two sides of the axle box in the vertical direction, aiming at the wedges for establishing the vertical and transverse bearing adaptive relation, the scheme can better provide a longitudinal positioning function through the straight ejection elastic part and the compensation mechanism for bearing, can provide proper longitudinal rigidity, and further improves the safety and the reliability of vehicle operation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a truck according to one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the pedestal suspension shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the guide frame of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is another perspective view of the pedestal shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the overall construction of the wedge of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is another angular schematic view of the wedge shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 7;

fig. 9 is a schematic view of an axlebox suspension according to a second embodiment.

In the figure:

the main friction plate comprises an axle box 1, an axle box side surface 11, a bearing platform 12, a bearing saddle 2, an axle box spring 3, a wedge 4, a wedge surface 41, a second elastic element mounting concave part 42, a second limiting surface 421, a second overflowing hole 43, a groove 44, a guide frame 5, an inclined surface 51, a first elastic element mounting concave part 52, a first limiting surface 521, a first overflowing hole 53, an extending part 54, a middle through hole 541, a straight top spring 6, a guide frame abrasion plate 7 and a main friction plate 8;

the frame 10, the third limit surface 101, the auxiliary seat 102, the wheel pair 20 and the side bearing 30.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Without loss of generality, the embodiment takes the bogie with three sets of wheel pairs as a description basis, and the optimized improvement scheme of the axle box suspension device is explained in detail. It should be understood that the number of wheel sets arranged on the bogie and the self-structure form thereof are not the core invention point of the present application, and do not substantially limit the technical solution claimed in the present application.

The first embodiment is as follows:

please refer to fig. 1, which is a schematic view of the overall structure of the bogie according to the embodiment.

Three sets of wheel sets 20 are arranged below the frame 10 of the bogie, each set of wheel sets 20 being connected to the frame 10 by an axlebox suspension. Three sets of wheel sets 20 are shown symmetrically disposed with respect to the top side bearing 30 of frame 10. It will be appreciated that the specific number of wheel sets 20 may be selected as desired based on the overall design requirements of the different rail trains, and is not limited to the three sets shown in the figures. That is, the bogie may be a single-axle bogie, a two-axle bogie, a four-axle bogie, or a bogie with multiple axles such as five axles.

Wherein the axle ends of the wheelsets 20 are provided with respective axlebox suspension arrangements for obtaining good vehicle dynamics. The axle box suspension device comprises an axle box 1 and a bearing saddle 2 which are matched with the axle end of a wheel pair, wherein the axle end of the wheel pair is inserted into an axle containing cavity of the axle box 1, and the bearing saddle 2 is arranged between the top wall of the axle containing cavity and an axle.

As shown in the figure, two sets of damping and buffering mechanisms are symmetrically arranged at the side of the axle box 1: journal spring 3, wedge 4, pedestal 5 and straight top elastic member (6). Reference is also made to fig. 2, which is an enlarged schematic view of the pedestal suspension shown in fig. 1.

The two journal box springs 3 on two sides of the journal box 1 are vertically arranged on a bearing platform 12 formed by extending the bottom of the journal box 1, a wedge 4 is arranged between each journal box spring 3 and the corresponding side of the pedestal 5, and a top wedge surface 41 of each wedge 4 is matched with the inclined surface of the pedestal 5 and is in friction fit with the journal box side surface 11 on the corresponding side. The pedestal spring 3 is acted on by a load from the vehicle body, and a pedestal 5 and a wedge 4 fixed to the bottom of the frame 10 by welding.

Thus, based on the vertical association and adaptation relationship between the journal box springs 3 and the tapered wedges 4 on the two sides, the tapered wedge surfaces 41 on the tapered wedges 4 are attached to the inclined surfaces 51 in the guide frames 5, the vertical force formed by the compression of the journal box springs 3 generates horizontal component force through the inclined surfaces of the tapered wedges 4 and the guide frames 5, so as to construct positive pressure acting on the corresponding journal box side surfaces 11, and when the journal box generates vertical relative displacement, the friction force formed between the journal box and the guide frames generates stable damping effect, so that energy absorption and vibration reduction can be effectively realized. It is understood that two axlebox springs 3 located beside the axlebox, wherein each axlebox spring 3 is not designated as a single coil spring, the axlebox springs 3 may take different configurations in the present solution, such as but not limited to the axlebox springs 3 shown in the figures consisting of inner coil springs and outer coil springs; of course, the pedestal spring 3 may also be configured as a single coil spring depending on product design requirements.

Wherein, the straight top elastic part (6) which is configured corresponding to the inclined wedge 4 is pre-deformed and arranged between the inclined wedge 4 and the guide frame 5, and is configured as follows: the deformed straight top spring (6) may create a force applied to the wedge 4 to urge the wedge 4 to tend to displace toward the corresponding side pedestal side 11. In an actual working state, the pre-pressure formed by the straight-top elastic piece (6) is also acted on the side face of the axle box through the inclined wedge, namely, two horizontal acting forces are matched and acted on the side face 11 of the axle box together to construct positive pressure for friction fit between the inclined wedge 4 and the axle box 1.

According to the scheme, the straight-ejecting elastic piece (6) is arranged in the axle box suspension device, so that the vertical damping positive pressure of the axle box is provided, the longitudinal positioning rigidity can be integrally improved, and the dynamic performance of a vehicle can be effectively improved.

In addition, in the running process of a vehicle, when the adaptive part between the wedge 4 and the axle box 1 is worn, the wedge can always keep the friction adaptive relation with the side face of the corresponding axle box based on the arrangement of the straight-ejecting elastic piece, and the abrasion compensation is realized. Thereby circumventing the possibility of wear affecting vehicle performance by ensuring a reliable positive pressure therebetween. In addition, under the associated adaptive relation of the axle box springs 3 and the tapered wedges 4 on the two sides of the axle box 1 in the vertical direction, aiming at the tapered wedges 4 for establishing the vertical and transverse bearing adaptive relation, the scheme is assisted by the straight-pushing elastic piece (6) to bear, and the load compensation mechanism can further improve the safety and the reliability of vehicle operation.

It is understood that the straight top elastic member may be a steel spring or a non-metal elastic member. For example, but not limited to, the straight top spring 6 is shown to be arranged along the horizontal direction, so as to obtain the best stress state, i.e. the straight top spring is shown to be arranged along the front-rear direction of the bogie, the stability of the spring body is higher when the spring body is pressed, the straight top spring is consistent with the positive pressure direction between the wedge 4 and the axle box 1, and the structural efficiency is high.

It should be noted that, the two ends of the straight top spring 6 respectively abut against the wedge 4 and the guide frame 5 for adaptation, and the corresponding adaptation structures on the wedge 4 and the guide frame 5 can be selected as required as long as the function requirement of the pre-compression of the straight top spring 6 can be satisfied. Preferably, the guide frame 5 and the wedge 4 of this embodiment have elastic fitting recesses, respectively, to obtain a reliable assembly positional relationship.

The body of the guide frame 5 has a first elastic member mounting recess 52, one end of the straight top spring 6 is inserted into the first elastic member mounting recess 52, and a first limiting surface 521 adapted to one end of the straight top spring 6 is formed on the bottom surface of the first elastic member mounting recess 52. Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 5, in which fig. 3 and 4 respectively show the overall structure of the lead frame from different angles, fig. 5 is a sectional view a-a of force 4.

The body of the wedge 4 has a second elastic member mounting recess 42, the other end of the straight top spring 6 is inserted into the second elastic member mounting recess 42, and a second limiting surface 421 adapted to the other end of the straight top spring 6 is formed on the bottom surface of the second elastic member mounting recess 42. Referring to fig. 6, 7 and 8 together, wherein fig. 6 and 7 respectively show the overall structure of the guide frame from different angles, and fig. 8 is a sectional view B-B of fig. 7.

As shown in fig. 2, two ends of the straight spring 6 are respectively disposed in the first elastic member mounting recess 52 and the second elastic member mounting recess 52, and respectively abut against the first limiting surface 531 and the second limiting surface 421. Here, the distance between the first stopper surface 521 and the second stopper surface 421 is smaller than the height dimension of the straight-topped spring 6 in the normal state, so that the straight-topped spring 6 is pre-compressed to form a force applied to the wedge 4 to push the wedge 4 to have a tendency to displace toward the corresponding side pedestal lateral surface 11; of course, to achieve a better compensation capability, the pre-compression of the straight top spring 6 formed in the above dimensional relationship is required to satisfy that the base wear rear wedge 4 also maintains a friction fit relationship with the respective pedestal side.

When the vehicle runs and has transient load, the volume of the cavity formed by the relative enclosure of the second elastic element mounting concave part 42 and the first elastic element mounting concave part 52 changes suddenly, and an overflowing hole can be formed to avoid the influence of air resistance on the actuating performance of the straight top spring 6 under the transient load. Specifically, the body of the guide frame 5 is provided with a first overflowing hole 53 communicated with the first elastic piece mounting concave part 52, and the body of the wedge 4 is provided with a second overflowing hole 43 communicated with the second elastic piece mounting concave part 42, so that if the volume of the accommodating cavity is instantaneously increased or reduced, the pressure inside and outside the accommodating cavity can be rapidly balanced by the arrangement of the two overflowing holes, and the influence of air resistance can be avoided.

As shown, the first and second overflowing holes 52 and 43 may be oppositely disposed through the center hole of the straight top spring 6.

In this embodiment, the wedge surface 41 adapted to the inclined surface 51 of the guide frame 5 is located on the surface of the wedge 4 body above the second elastic member mounting recess, that is, a part of the surface of the wedge 4 body forms the wedge surface 41, so as to avoid the assembly space of the straight-ejecting spring 6. A guide frame wearing plate 7 is arranged between the wedge surface 41 and the guide frame 5 to reduce the wearing between the two; here, the lead frame wearing plate 7.

Furthermore, a main friction plate 8 is arranged between the wedge 4 and the corresponding side axle box side 11 to reduce the abrasion between the wedge and the side axle box side; as shown in fig. 2, the main friction plate 8 is fitted to the body of the wedge 4. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the surface of the body of the wedge 4 opposite to the axle box side 11 is provided with a groove 44, so that the groove 44 can vertically limit the main friction plate 8 in addition to accommodating and fixing the main friction plate 8, and the associated adaptive relationship is more stable and reliable in a working state.

In addition, the guide frame 5 is used as a bearing structure for transferring stress, and the structural strength of the guide frame directly influences the safety and reliability of the axle box suspension device. Preferably, the structure of the pedestal 5 can be optimized, and as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the body of the pedestal 5 opposite to the pedestal has an extension 54 formed by extending downwards, so as to improve the structural load-bearing strength; wherein the extension 54 has a central through hole 541, as shown in fig. 2, the wedge 4 passes through the central through hole 541 to be frictionally fitted with the axle box side 11 of the corresponding side.

Example two:

the present solution differs from the first embodiment in that the straight-top elastic element (6) is pre-deformed between the wedge 4 and the frame 10. Referring to fig. 9, which is a schematic view of the axle box suspension of the present embodiment, for clearly illustrating the differences and connections between the present embodiment and the present embodiment, the same components and structures are shown by the same reference numerals.

As shown in fig. 9, the deformed straight top spring (6) may create a force applied to the wedge 4 to urge the wedge 4 to tend to displace toward the corresponding side pedestal side 11. Specifically, the body of the frame 10 located outside the guide frame 5 has a third limiting surface 101 adapted to one end of the straight-top elastic member (6), and may be formed on an attachment seat 102 fixed below the frame 10.

Here, the term "outside" is defined with respect to the axle box 1 as a basis for description, that is, the side away from the side of the axle box sides 11 on both sides is "outside". It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms are used merely to clearly illustrate the relative positions of the structures and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

Correspondingly, the body of the wedge 4 is provided with a second elastic piece mounting concave part 42, the other end of the straight-top elastic piece (6) is inserted into the second elastic piece mounting concave part 42, and the bottom surface of the second elastic piece mounting concave part 42 forms a second limiting surface 421 matched with the other end of the straight-top elastic piece (6). As shown in the figure, two ends of the straight-pushing elastic element (6) are respectively pressed against the third limiting surface 101 and the second limiting surface 421. Of course, the straight-top elastic member may also be the straight-top spring 6, and may also be a non-metal elastic member.

Other components and connection relationships of the axle box suspension device in the present embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are not described herein again,

in addition to the axle box suspension device, the present embodiment also provides a bogie, which includes a frame, a foundation brake device, an axle box suspension device, and a side bearing, wherein the axle box suspension device adopts the axle box suspension device as described above, so as to improve the longitudinal positioning rigidity as a whole and effectively improve the vehicle dynamic performance. It should be noted here that the axle box suspension device may be provided at the end wheelset position of the bogie, at the end wheelset position and the middle wheelset position, or only at the middle wheelset at different positions. It should be understood that other functions of the bogie are not the core invention of the present application and can be implemented by those skilled in the art based on the prior art, and therefore, will not be described in detail herein.

In addition to the aforementioned bogie, the present embodiment also provides a railway vehicle including the bogie as described above. It should be understood that other functions of the rail vehicle constitute non-core points of the invention, and those skilled in the art can implement the functions based on the prior art, and therefore, the detailed description is omitted here.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The axle box suspension device comprises two axle box springs vertically arranged at the side of an axle box, a wedge is arranged between each axle box spring and a guide frame at the corresponding side, and each wedge is in friction fit with the side face of the axle box at the corresponding side; it is characterized by also comprising:

the straight-pushing elastic piece is correspondingly configured with the inclined wedge, pre-deformed and arranged between the inclined wedge and the guide frame, and configured to: the deformed spring may create a force applied to the wedge to urge the wedge toward the axle housing side of the respective side.

2. The pedestal suspension apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the body of the pedestal has a first elastic member mounting recess, and a bottom surface of the first elastic member mounting recess forms a first stopper surface adapted to one end of the straight-top elastic member; correspondingly, the body of the wedge is provided with a second elastic piece mounting concave part, and the bottom surface of the second elastic piece mounting concave part forms a second limiting surface matched with the other end of the straight-ejecting elastic piece; and two ends of the straight ejection elastic piece are respectively pressed against the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface.

3. The pedestal suspension of claim 2, wherein the body of the pedestal defines a first flow aperture in communication with the first resilient member mounting recess, and the body of the wedge defines a second flow aperture in communication with the second resilient member mounting recess.

4. The axlebox suspension of claim 3 wherein the straight top resilient member is a straight top spring disposed in a horizontal orientation, the first flow aperture and the second flow aperture being disposed opposite one another through a central aperture of the straight top spring.

5. The pedestal suspension of any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein a ramp surface adapted to the inclined surface of the pedestal is located on a body surface of the ramp above the second spring mounting recess, and a pedestal wear plate is disposed between the ramp surface and the pedestal.

6. The axlebox suspension of claim 5 wherein a primary friction plate is disposed between the wedge and the respective side axlebox side, the primary friction plate being fitted over the body of the wedge.

7. The pedestal suspension of claim 1, wherein the pedestal and pedestal opposing side body has a downwardly extending extension having a central aperture through which the wedge frictionally fits to the pedestal side of the respective side.

8. The axle box suspension device comprises two axle box springs arranged beside an axle box, wherein a wedge is arranged between each axle box spring and a guide frame on the corresponding side, and each wedge is in friction fit with the side face of the axle box on the corresponding side; it is characterized by also comprising:

a straight-top elastic member configured corresponding to the wedge, pre-deformed between the wedge and the frame, and configured to: the deformed spring may create a force applied to the wedge to urge the wedge toward the axle housing side of the respective side.

9. The pedestal suspension of claim 8, wherein the frame has a third stop surface on the body outside the pedestal adapted to an end of the straight top spring; correspondingly, a second elastic piece mounting concave part is arranged on the body of the wedge, and a second limiting surface matched with the other end of the straight-ejecting elastic piece is formed on the bottom surface of the second elastic piece mounting concave part; and two ends of the straight ejection elastic piece are respectively pressed against the third limiting surface and the second limiting surface.

10. The pedestal suspension of claim 9, wherein a ramp surface adapted to the ramp surface of the pedestal is located on a body surface of the ramp above the second spring mounting recess, and a pedestal wear plate is disposed between the ramp surface and the pedestal; and a main friction plate is arranged between the wedge and the side face of the axle box on the corresponding side.

11. Bogie comprising a frame and at least two pedestal suspension units below the frame, characterized in that at least the pedestal suspension units at the ends of the frame use a pedestal suspension unit according to any of claims 1-10.

12. Railway vehicle comprising a bogie, characterized in that said bogie employs a bogie according to claim 11.