CN112846068A - Casting method of casting and casting - Google Patents
Casting method of casting and casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN112846068A CN112846068A CN202011606916.3A CN202011606916A CN112846068A CN 112846068 A CN112846068 A CN 112846068A CN 202011606916 A CN202011606916 A CN 202011606916A CN 112846068 A CN112846068 A CN 112846068A
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 233
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011009 performance qualification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001309 Ferromolybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000628 Ferrovanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron vanadium Chemical compound [V].[Fe] PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYLLWONICXJARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Mn] PYLLWONICXJARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
Abstract
The application discloses a casting method of a casting and the casting, and relates to the technical field of casting of the casting. The casting method of the casting of the present application includes: providing a sand core raw material and a sand core mould; uniformly stirring the raw materials of the sand core; preparing a sand mould by uniformly stirring the sand core raw material and a sand core mould; providing a casting raw material, and smelting the casting raw material; pouring the liquid metal obtained by smelting into a sand mold to obtain an initial casting; heat treating the initial casting; wherein, the raw materials of the sand core comprise silica sand, jewel sand, resin and a curing agent. According to the method, the cooling condition of the workpiece is changed in the casting process, and the weight ratio of chemical components of the casting is adjusted, so that the mechanical property of the prepared casting is greatly improved, and the performance requirement of the casting corresponding to a traction mechanism of a high-speed train can be met. And the performance qualification rate is higher by adopting the casting method of the casting.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of casting of castings, in particular to a casting method of a casting and the casting.
Background
The quality of the casting product mainly comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of measuring the size, the internal and external quality, the composition, the mechanical property and the like, wherein the mechanical property of the casting product has a high importance on the safety of the casting product in use, and particularly the requirement on the product quality of the casting in rail transit equipment is higher.
A main material of a casting is 26CrMo4 alloy steel, and the casting is applied to a traction mechanism of a high-speed train, so that the requirement on the performance of the casting is improved compared with the European standard while the same chemical components are required.
In the standard material specification of 26CrMo4 alloy steel, the weight ratio of chemical components is C0.22-0.29%; si is less than or equal to 0.6 percent; 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.025 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.02 percent; 0.8 to 1.2 percent of Cr; mo 0.15-0.3%; the balance being Ni.
The 26CrMo4 alloy steel has the performance requirements of European standard that the heat treatment is QT2 (cast iron spheroidization grade 2), the yield strength is not lower than 550MPa (megapascal), the tensile strength is 700-850MPa, the elongation is not lower than 10 percent, and when the use temperature is normal temperature, the normal temperature impact energy is not lower than 18J (joule).
But the performance requirements corresponding to the casting of the traction mechanism applied to the high-speed train are that the heat treatment is QT2, the yield strength is not lower than 650MPa, the tensile strength is 700-1000MPa, the elongation is not lower than 14 percent, and when the using temperature is higher than minus 40 ℃, the impact energy is not lower than 27J.
Disclosure of Invention
The casting method of the casting and the casting can meet the performance requirements of the casting applied to a traction mechanism of a high-speed train.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present application are implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a method for casting a casting, including:
providing a sand core raw material and a sand core mould;
uniformly stirring the raw materials of the sand core;
preparing a sand mould by uniformly stirring the sand core raw material and the sand core mould;
providing casting raw materials and smelting the casting raw materials;
pouring the liquid metal obtained by smelting into the sand mold to obtain an initial casting;
heat treating the initial casting;
the raw materials of the sand core comprise silica sand, jewel sand, resin and a curing agent.
In one embodiment, the raw material of the sand core further comprises steel shots.
In one embodiment, the uniformly stirring the raw materials of the sand core includes:
mixing the silica sand, the Baozhu sand and the steel shots, and putting the mixture into a sand mixer;
and adding the curing agent and the resin in sequence and stirring uniformly.
In one embodiment, the uniformly stirring the raw materials of the sand core includes:
respectively weighing the following sand core raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of silica sand, 40-50 parts of Baozhu sand and 0-10 parts of steel shot;
putting the weighed silica sand, the weighed Baozhu sand and the weighed steel shots into a sand mixer;
adding a curing agent and stirring for a first preset time;
adding resin and stirring for a second preset time.
In one embodiment, the first predetermined time is 2-3min, and the second predetermined time is 1-2 min.
In one embodiment, the granularity of the silica sand is 40-70 meshes, and the granularity of the Baozhu sand is 50-100 meshes.
In one embodiment, the sand mold is prepared by uniformly stirring the raw materials of the sand core and the sand core mold; the method comprises the following steps:
filling the uniformly stirred sand core raw materials into a sand core mould for solidification;
drawing the mold after the material is completely cured;
and (4) coating a fireproof coating on the surface of the lifted mould, and assembling to obtain the sand mould.
In one embodiment, the heat treating the initial casting comprises:
normalizing at 920 +/-10 deg.c for 2.5-3.5 hr, and air cooling;
quenching treatment, wherein the quenching temperature is 910 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, discharging and cooling by water;
tempering at 610 + -10 deg.C for 3.5-4.5 hr, and air cooling.
In one embodiment, the casting has a chemical composition of 0.24-0.29% by weight of C; 0.25 to 0.55 percent of Si; 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.020%; s is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; 0.85 to 1.15 percent of Cr; mo0.15-0.25%; 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Ni. .
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a casting prepared by a method of casting a casting according to any one of the preceding embodiments.
In one embodiment, the casting has a chemical composition of 0.24-0.29% by weight of C; 0.25 to 0.55 percent of Si; 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.020%; s is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; 0.85 to 1.15 percent of Cr; mo0.15-0.25%; 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Ni.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this application is:
according to the method, the sand core raw materials are changed, the workpiece cooling conditions are changed in the casting process, and the weight ratio of the chemical components of the casting is adjusted, so that the mechanical properties of the prepared casting are greatly improved, and the performance requirements of the casting corresponding to a traction mechanism applied to a high-speed train can be met. And the performance qualification rate is higher by adopting the casting method of the casting.
This application has increased precious pearl sand in the raw and other materials of psammitolite, because the heat conductivity of precious pearl sand is than the silica sand 2 times stronger more than to the die cavity temperature after can be effective, quick reduction pouring reaches the liquid metal quick refrigerated purpose in making the sand mold die cavity, has promoted the performance of the foundry goods of casting.
The steel shot is added to the raw materials of the sand core, and the heat conductivity of the steel shot is much stronger than that of the jewel sand, so that the cooling speed of liquid metal in the sand mold cavity can be further increased, the performance of the cast casting is improved, and the material compactness of the cast casting is improved to a greater extent.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a casting method of a casting according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a casting method of a casting according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a casting method of a casting according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a casting method of a casting according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and not for purposes of indicating or implying relative importance, and do not denote any order or order.
The technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a casting method according to an embodiment of the present application. The method can be used to produce castings. The casting method of the casting may include the steps of:
step S101: a sand core feedstock and a sand core mold are provided.
The raw materials of the sand core in the step comprise silica sand, steel shots, baozhu sand, resin and a curing agent. In one other embodiment, the sand core feedstock does not include steel shot. The sand core mold in this step is designed according to the shape of the casting to be manufactured. The casting to be manufactured can be metal such as iron, steel and the like, and can be applied to various rail transit equipment.
Step S102: and (4) uniformly stirring the sand core raw materials.
In the step, the silica sand, the jewel sand and the steel shot are manually mixed and then are put into a sand mixer, and then the curing agent and the resin are sequentially added to be uniformly stirred so as to prepare the sand mould.
In another embodiment, in the step, the silica sand, the Baozhu sand and the steel shot are put into a sand mixer, and then the curing agent and the resin are sequentially added to be uniformly stirred to prepare the sand mold.
In another embodiment, in this step, silica sand, baozhu sand, steel shot, curing agent and resin are put into a sand mixer at the same time and stirred uniformly to prepare for preparing the sand mold.
The mixing proportion of the sand core raw materials can be adjusted according to the specific structure of the casting and the wall thickness of the casting main body.
Step S103: and preparing the sand mould by uniformly stirring the sand core raw material and the sand core mould.
This step may be performed in a sand blaster.
Step S104: providing casting raw materials and smelting the casting raw materials.
The casting raw materials in the step can comprise 40 chromium steel scraps, scrap steel, carburant, silicon-manganese alloy, low-carbon ferrochrome, ferrovanadium, ferromolybdenum and other materials containing chemical components of the casting to be manufactured. This step can be performed in an induction furnace. The melting temperature can be determined according to the casting to be manufactured.
This step may be performed after step 103, or may be performed simultaneously while performing step 101, step 102, and step 103, so that the overall casting time may be saved.
Step S105: and pouring the liquid metal obtained by smelting into a sand mold to obtain an initial casting.
The step can adopt a sand casting process. The filtering type pouring cup can be adopted in the pouring process, slag in the liquid metal is filtered through the filtering type pouring cup, the defect that the casting is clamped by slag is avoided, and the product quality and the mechanical property of the casting are improved.
Step S106: the initial casting is heat treated.
The step can adopt a heat treatment process, and the initial casting is placed in a certain medium for heating, heat preservation and cooling to change the metallographic structure on the surface or inside of the initial casting so as to control the performance of the initial casting.
A casting obtained by the casting method of the casting shown in fig. 1.
This embodiment has increased precious pearl sand in the raw and other materials of psammitolite, because the heat conductivity of precious pearl sand is than silica sand 2 times more than to the die cavity temperature after can be effectively, quick reduction pouring reaches the purpose that makes the liquid metal in the sand mold die cavity cool off fast, has promoted the performance of the foundry goods of casting. In addition, steel shots are added in the raw materials of the sand core, and the heat conductivity of the steel shots is much stronger than that of the jewel sand, so that the cooling speed of the liquid metal in the sand mold cavity can be further increased, the performance of the cast casting is improved, and the material compactness of the cast casting is improved to a greater extent.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a casting method according to an embodiment of the present application. The method can be used to produce castings. The casting method of the casting may include the steps of:
step S201: a sand core feedstock and a sand core mold are provided. Refer to the description of step S101 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S202: respectively weighing the following sand core raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of silica sand, 40-50 parts of Baozhu sand and 0-10 parts of steel shot.
In the step, the granularity of the silica sand is 40-70 meshes, and the granularity of the Baozhu sand is 50-100 meshes. Thereby further accelerating the cooling speed of the liquid metal in the sand mould cavity and improving the performance of the cast casting.
In one embodiment, the following sand core raw materials are respectively weighed according to parts by weight: 50 parts of silica sand, 45 parts of Baozhu sand and 5 parts of steel shots. In another embodiment, the following sand core raw materials are weighed in parts by weight: 50 parts of silica sand, 50 parts of Baozhu sand and 0 part of steel shot. In another embodiment, the following sand core raw materials are weighed in parts by weight: 51 parts of silica sand, 48 parts of Baozhu sand and 1 part of steel shot. In another embodiment, the following sand core raw materials are weighed in parts by weight: 50 parts of silica sand, 40 parts of Baozhu sand and 10 parts of steel shots. In another embodiment, the following sand core raw materials are weighed in parts by weight: 50 parts of silica sand, 46 parts of Baozhu sand and 4 parts of steel shot. In another embodiment, the following sand core raw materials are weighed in parts by weight: 50 parts of silica sand, 42 parts of Baozhu sand and 8 parts of steel shots.
Step S203: and putting the weighed silica sand, the precious pearl sand and the steel shot into a sand mixer.
The sand mixer in the step can be a roller type sand mixer or a blade type sand mixer. In this step, the weighed silica sand, precious pearl sand and steel shot may be put into a sand mixer to be mixed for a certain time (1-5min), and then step 204 is performed, or step 204 may be performed directly after the weighed silica sand, precious pearl sand and steel shot are put into the sand mixer.
Step S204: adding the curing agent and stirring for a first preset time.
The first preset time in the step is 2-3 min.
Step S205: adding resin and stirring for a second preset time.
The second preset time in this step is 1-2 min. The first preset time is longer than the second preset time.
Step S206: and filling the uniformly stirred sand core raw material into a sand core mould for solidification.
The curing in this step may be waiting for its natural hardening.
Step S207: and drawing the die after the die is completely cured.
The step is demoulding treatment, and is carried out after the raw materials of the sand core are completely solidified.
Step S208: and (4) coating a fireproof coating on the surface of the lifted mould, and assembling to obtain the sand mould.
The step is brushing treatment, after the refractory coating is brushed, the refractory coating is covered on the surface of the lifted mould in a thin layer or film shape, the mould is protected, and the sand mould is obtained through mould assembling treatment.
Step S209: providing casting raw materials and smelting the casting raw materials. Refer to the description of step S104 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S210: and pouring the liquid metal obtained by smelting into a sand mold to obtain an initial casting. Refer to the description of step S105 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S211: the initial casting is heat treated. Refer to the description of step S106 in the above embodiments in detail.
A casting prepared by the casting method of the casting shown in the example of fig. 2. The embodiment changes the raw material of the sand core, rapidly cools liquid metal (such as molten steel) under the condition of not changing the gradient of the whole temperature field, shortens the solid-liquid phase transformation time, and makes the material more compact, thereby effectively improving the mechanical property of the prepared casting.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a casting method according to an embodiment of the present application. The method can be used to produce castings. The casting method of the casting may include the steps of:
step S301: a sand core feedstock and a sand core mold are provided. Refer to the description of step S101 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S302: and (4) uniformly stirring the sand core raw materials. Refer to the description of step S102 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S303: and preparing the sand mould by uniformly stirring the sand core raw material and the sand core mould. Refer to the description of step S103 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S304: providing casting raw materials and smelting the casting raw materials. Refer to the description of step S104 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S305: and pouring the liquid metal obtained by smelting into a sand mold to obtain an initial casting. Refer to the description of step S105 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S306: normalizing at 920 +/-10 deg.C for 2.5-3.5 hr, and air cooling.
The step adopts a normalizing process, and the normalizing temperature is higher, so that the crystal grains are refined, the structure is uniform, and the strength and the hardness are improved. In one embodiment, the incubation time in this step is 3 hours.
Step S307: quenching treatment, wherein the quenching temperature is 910 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, discharging and cooling by water.
The step converts the structure into fine martensite with low carbon content by a quenching process and high quenching temperature. In one embodiment, the incubation time in this step is 2.5 hours.
Step S308: tempering at 610 + -10 deg.C for 3.5-4.5 hr, and air cooling.
The step reduces the residual stress and brittleness in the casting through a tempering process, and keeps the high hardness and the wear resistance of the casting. In one embodiment, the incubation time in this step is 4 hours.
In another embodiment, a pre-normalizing process may be added during the heat treatment to improve the texture and refine the grains. In another embodiment, molten steel refining can be added during the smelting process to further purify the molten steel to improve the metallurgical quality. In another embodiment, the amount of alloying elements added may be increased and Ni may be added to improve impact properties. However, compared with the present embodiment, the embodiments increase the cost in the actual production process, and the performance qualification rate is not high, which causes a large amount of waste products, which further increases the production cost, and in addition, the product quality has a large potential safety hazard, and the accident loss caused by using unqualified products on the train is immeasurable.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a casting method according to an embodiment of the present application. The method can be used to produce castings. The casting method of the casting may include the steps of:
step S401: a sand core feedstock and a sand core mold are provided. Refer to the description of step S101 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S402: and (4) uniformly stirring the sand core raw materials. Refer to the description of step S102 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S403: and preparing the sand mould by uniformly stirring the sand core raw material and the sand core mould. Refer to the description of step S103 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S404: providing casting raw materials and smelting the casting raw materials. Refer to the description of step S104 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S405: and pouring the liquid metal obtained by smelting into a sand mold to obtain an initial casting. Refer to the description of step S105 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S406: the initial casting is heat treated. Refer to the description of step S106 in the above embodiments in detail.
Step S407: and cleaning the casting subjected to heat treatment, and carrying out product quality inspection.
This step is a post-treatment process. And (4) through product quality inspection, eliminating and scrapping the products which are not qualified in inspection, and enabling the qualified products to enter a casting qualified product warehouse for temporary storage.
In one embodiment, a casting is prepared by the casting method of the casting shown in any one of fig. 1 to 4. The weight ratio of the chemical components of the casting is 0.24-0.29%; 0.25 to 0.55 percent of Si; 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Mn; p is less than or equal to 0.020%; s is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; 0.85 to 1.15 percent of Cr; mo0.15-0.25%; 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Ni. Therefore, in the embodiment, the mechanical properties of the prepared casting (26CrMo4 alloy steel body) are greatly improved by changing the cooling conditions of the workpiece and adjusting the weight ratio of the chemical components of the casting in the casting process.
Wherein, the properties of the casting prepared by inspection are as follows: the heat treatment is QT2, the yield strength is 700-750MPa, the tensile strength is 790-900MPa, the elongation is 14-19%, and when the use temperature is higher than-40 ℃, the impact energy is 28-90J, so that the performance requirement of the casting corresponding to the traction mechanism of the high-speed train can be met. And the performance qualification rate is higher, even can reach more than 95% by adopting the casting method of the casting.
In one embodiment, applicants have tested the casting method of the casting shown in fig. 1-4. The castings produced by the tests were 26CrMo4 alloy steel for use in a traction mechanism of a high speed train. The test process comprises the following steps:
mixing silica sand (granularity 50 meshes), Baozhu sand (granularity 70 meshes) and steel shots according to the total weight of 5:4.5:0.5, adding a curing agent, stirring for 2.5min, adding resin, stirring for 1.5min, then carrying out operations of molding, core making, demolding, brushing, box assembling, smelting, pouring, heat treatment, cleaning and product quality inspection, wherein the heat treatment comprises normalizing treatment at the normalizing temperature of 923 ℃ for 3 hours, discharging from a furnace, air cooling, quenching treatment at the quenching temperature of 912 ℃, heat preservation for 2.5 hours, discharging from the furnace, water cooling, finally tempering treatment at the tempering temperature of 607 ℃, heat preservation for 4 hours, discharging from the furnace, and air cooling. The melting temperature may be 1650 ℃.
The weight ratio of the chemical components of the prepared casting is C0.25%; 0.35 percent of Si; 0.7 percent of Mn; 0.015 percent of P; 0.14 percent of S; 0.95 percent of Cr; 0.2 percent of Mo; 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Ni.
The performance of the prepared casting is tested as follows: the heat treatment is QT2, the yield strength is 740MPa, the tensile strength is 800MPa, the elongation is 16 percent, and when the use temperature is higher than minus 40 ℃, the impact energy is 48J.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of casting a casting, comprising:
providing a sand core raw material and a sand core mould;
uniformly stirring the raw materials of the sand core;
preparing a sand mould by uniformly stirring the sand core raw material and the sand core mould;
providing casting raw materials and smelting the casting raw materials;
pouring the liquid metal obtained by smelting into the sand mold to obtain an initial casting;
heat treating the initial casting;
the raw materials of the sand core comprise silica sand, jewel sand, resin and a curing agent.
2. A method of casting a casting according to claim 1 wherein the feedstock for the sand core further comprises steel shot.
3. A method of casting a casting according to claim 2 wherein said homogenizing of said sand core feedstock comprises:
mixing the silica sand, the Baozhu sand and the steel shots, and putting the mixture into a sand mixer;
and adding the curing agent and the resin in sequence and stirring uniformly.
4. A method of casting a casting according to claim 1, wherein said stirring said sand core feedstock uniformly comprises:
respectively weighing the following sand core raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of silica sand, 40-50 parts of Baozhu sand and 0-10 parts of steel shot;
putting the weighed silica sand, the weighed Baozhu sand and the weighed steel shots into a sand mixer;
adding a curing agent and stirring for a first preset time;
adding resin and stirring for a second preset time.
5. A casting method of a casting according to claim 4, wherein the first predetermined time is 2-3min and the second predetermined time is 1-2 min.
6. A casting method of a casting according to claim 4, wherein the silica sand has a particle size of 40 to 70 mesh, and the jewel sand has a particle size of 50 to 100 mesh.
7. A casting method of a casting according to claim 1, characterized in that a sand mold is prepared by stirring the homogeneous raw material for the sand core and the sand core mold; the method comprises the following steps:
filling the uniformly stirred sand core raw materials into a sand core mould for solidification;
drawing the mold after the material is completely cured;
and (4) coating a fireproof coating on the surface of the lifted mould, and assembling to obtain the sand mould.
8. A method of casting a casting according to claim 1, wherein said heat treating the initial casting comprises:
normalizing at 920 +/-10 deg.c for 2.5-3.5 hr, and air cooling;
quenching treatment, wherein the quenching temperature is 910 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, discharging and cooling by water;
tempering at 610 + -10 deg.C for 3.5-4.5 hr, and air cooling.
9. A casting method of a casting according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the chemical composition of the casting is C0.24-0.29% by weight; 0.25 to 0.55 percent of Si; 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Mn0; p is less than or equal to 0.020%; s is less than or equal to 0.15 percent; 0.85 to 1.15 percent of Cr0; mo0.15-0.25%; ni0.2-0.3%.
10. A casting obtained by the casting method of a casting according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN114769511A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-07-22 | 山东燕山精密机械有限公司 | Sand mould riser seat and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210528 |