CN112845733B - Die controlled by parallel arm type structure and used for free bending forming process - Google Patents
Die controlled by parallel arm type structure and used for free bending forming process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112845733B CN112845733B CN202110045735.6A CN202110045735A CN112845733B CN 112845733 B CN112845733 B CN 112845733B CN 202110045735 A CN202110045735 A CN 202110045735A CN 112845733 B CN112845733 B CN 112845733B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/08—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes by passing between rollers or through a curved die
Abstract
The invention relates to a die controlled by a parallel arm type structure and used for a free bending forming process, belonging to the field of plastic processing of metal pipe fittings; comprises a ball bowl, a ball mould, a fixed mould, a base, a control mechanism and a fixed frame; one end of the fixed die is provided with an external thread and is fixedly connected with the base through a nut; the ball mould is rotationally connected with the other end of the fixed mould through a ball bowl; the ball bowl, the ball die, the fixed die and the central hole of the base are communicated and used as a bending path of the pipe to be processed; the 3 groups of control mechanisms are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the base along the circumferential direction, one end of each control mechanism is hinged with the fixed frame, and the other end of each control mechanism is hinged with the outer peripheral surface of the ball bowl and used for adjusting the rotation angle of the ball bowl; the parallel mechanism has no accumulated error and high precision; the moving part has light weight, high speed and good dynamic response; the whole structure is compact, the rigidity is high, the bearing capacity is large, and the working space is small.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal pipe fitting plastic processing, and particularly relates to a die controlled by a parallel arm type structure and used for a free bending forming process.
Background
The free bending forming process of the pipe fitting can realize the processing and forming of complex metal pipe fittings (such as spiral pipes, variable-curvature pipes and the like). Compared with the traditional pipe bending forming equipment, the bending radius and the bending angle of the pipe formed by free bending can have flexibility at the same time, and the dependency on a die is lower. From the structural characteristics, the pipe fitting free bending forming die mainly comprises a connecting accessory, a movable die, a fixed die and a control mechanism.
Chinese patent CN111250575A provides a double-ball bowl type die, which belongs to the field of plastic processing of metal pipe fittings; the movable die is detachably connected with the fixed die through the connecting accessory; the stepped shaft part of the fixed mould is fixed on the frame and is fastened by a nut. The pipe passes through the guide hole and the movable die on the fixed die, and the arc rotating surface on the movable die faces the fixed die. The structure has the advantages of low pushing resistance and pipe surface abrasion degree and high precision. However, in the patent, the spline shaft transmission mechanism connecting the motor and the ball bowl rotates, extends or shortens simultaneously, and only needs to perform small-angle rotary motion with three degrees of freedom of the ball bowl by taking the ball bowl as a center and performing small-space-range torsional motion, so that the circumferential rotation of the ball bowl is limited to move within a small angle, the original flexibility is lost, and the whole pipe bending mechanism is too bulky and has large error.
The invention provides a novel parallel arm type space free elbow processing die, which aims to enlarge the elbow bending angle and the circumferential motion range of a ball bowl, improve the forming precision of the elbow bending angle and realize the flexibility of ball bowl motion.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows:
in order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the die which is controlled by a parallel arm type structure and is used for the free bending forming process of the space tube, the parallel arm structure is used as power to bend the tube, the position of a ball bowl is adjusted by the parallel arm structure when the tube is bent, and meanwhile, the ball die actively rotates to complete the bending of the tube, so that the bending angle and range of the tube can be improved, and the control precision and flexibility of the bending angle are improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a mould for free bending forming process controlled by a parallel arm structure comprises a ball bowl 1, a ball mould 2, a fixed mould 3 and a base 4; one end of the fixed die 3 is provided with an external thread and is fixedly connected with the base 4 through a nut; the ball die 2 is rotationally connected with the other end of the fixed die 3 through the ball bowl 1; the central holes of the ball bowl 1, the ball die 2, the fixed die 3 and the base 4 are communicated and used as a bending path of the pipe to be processed; the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a control mechanism 5 and a fixed frame 7; the 3 groups of control mechanisms 5 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the base 4 along the circumferential direction, one end of each control mechanism is hinged with the fixed frame 7, and the other end of each control mechanism is hinged with the outer circumferential surface of the ball bowl 1 and used for adjusting the rotation angle of the ball bowl 1;
the control mechanism 5 comprises a screw 8, a first optical axis 9, a second optical axis 10, a motor 11, a sliding block 12, a fixed block 13 and a connecting frame 14, and the bottom end of the motor 11 is hinged with the fixed frame 7; one end of the screw 8 is coaxially and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor 11, and the other end of the screw is coaxially and rotatably connected with the fixed block 13; the two first optical axes 9 are arranged on two sides of the screw 8 in parallel, one end of each first optical axis is fixed on the motor 11, the other end of each first optical axis passes through a first through hole in the sliding block 12 and is fixed on the fixed block 13, the sliding block 12 is provided with a threaded hole along the central axis and is installed in a matched mode with the screw, and the motor 11 drives the screw 8 and simultaneously drives the sliding block 12 to move along the first optical axes 9; the two second optical axes 10 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the screw 8 in parallel, one end of each second optical axis is fixed on the sliding block 12, and the other end of each second optical axis passes through a second through hole in the fixed block 13, is connected through the connecting frame 14 and is hinged with the ball bowl 1 through the connecting frame 14; the length change of the control mechanism 5 is realized through the axial displacement of the slide block 12;
the fixing frame 7 is of a circular ring flat plate structure, is coaxial with the base 4 and is fixed on the rack.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the three groups of control mechanisms 5 cooperatively regulate and control the ball bowl 1 to ensure that the ball bowl 1 is in a central angle of-45 degrees in a moving range through spherical surface contact 0 —+45 0 Rotates around the fixed die 3 on the spherical surface to realize the bending of the straight pipe.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: two ends of the control mechanism 5 are respectively hinged with the ball bowl 1 and the fixing frame 7 through a universal joint mechanism 6, and the universal joint mechanism 6 comprises a universal joint and a connecting frame 14 which are respectively installed in a matched mode through a pin bearing and the universal joint.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: one end of the fixed mould 3 is of a hemispherical structure, the other end of the fixed mould is a stepped shaft coaxial with the hemisphere, and a central hole serving as a guide hole is formed in the fixed mould along the axial direction and used for penetrating through a pipe to be processed; and the end of the stepped shaft is provided with an external thread which passes through the through hole of the base 4 and is screwed up and fixed through a nut.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the ball bowl 1 is of a hollow gourd-shaped structure, and the diameter of the inner spherical surface at one end is smaller than that at the other end; the large-diameter end of the ball bowl 1 is sleeved on the fixed die 3, is in clearance fit and can rotate relative to the fixed die 3; the ball die 2 is arranged at the small-diameter end of the ball bowl 1, is in clearance fit and can rotate relative to the ball bowl 1.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the outer peripheral face of the ball bowl 1 is provided with an annular boss, and the other ends of the 3 control mechanisms 5 are hinged to the annular boss of the ball bowl 1.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the spherical bowl 1 is composed of two symmetrical semi-gourd-shaped structures, and is fixed into a whole through bolts, so that the spherical molds 2 and the fixed mold 3 at two ends can be conveniently dismounted.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the ball die 2 is a spherical structure with a through hole in the axial direction, the through hole is a structure with two ends expanded by converging at the axial midpoint, the inner wall between the axial midpoint of the through hole and one side port is an inner conical surface, and an inner circular arc rotating surface is arranged between the axial midpoint of the through hole and the other side port and is used for penetrating through a pipe to be processed.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a novel parallel arm type free bending die structure for a space pipe fitting, wherein the parallel mechanism has the advantages of no accumulated error and high precision; the moving part has light weight, high speed and good dynamic response; the whole structure is compact, the rigidity is high, the bearing capacity is large, and the working space is small. At the beginning, the holes of the fixed mould 3, the ball bowl 1 and the ball mould 2 are collinear; when the bending machine works, the three groups of control mechanisms 5 coordinate to regulate and control the ball bowl 1, so that the ball bowl 1 rotates around the fixed die 3, and a straight pipe is bent; the maximum moving range of the ball bowl 1 is a spherical surface with a central angle of-450 to +450, and the rotating central point is the central point O of the outlet end hole of the fixed die 3. The self-adaptability of the ball die 2 can ensure that the elbow and the inner hole wall of the ball die 2 are in a surface contact state in the forming process, so that the friction surface between the convex side wall of the elbow and the ball die 2 is increased, the surface roughness of the formed elbow is reduced, and the forming quality of the formed elbow is improved. In the structure, the sphere center position of the spherical bowl 1 is ensured by the fixed die 3, the spherical bowl 1 is driven to rotate through the cooperative control and regulation of the three groups of control mechanisms 5, and the posture of the spherical die 2 can be dynamically regulated according to the change of the forming curvature of the spherical bowl 1 and the bent pipe, so that the three components of the formed bent pipe, the spherical die 2, the spherical bowl 1 and the like are always in the optimal fit state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an assembly view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the construction of a control mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the structure of the fixed mold;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a ball bowl structure;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a ball mold;
FIG. 6 is a view of the base;
FIG. 7 is an assembly view of the gimbal mechanism;
description of the reference numerals: 1-a ball bowl; 2-a ball mould; 3-fixing the mould; 4-a base; 5-a control mechanism; 6-a gimbal mechanism; 7-a fixing frame; 8-screw rod; 9-a first optical axis; 10-a second optical axis; 11-a motor; 12-a slide block; 13-fixing block; 14-connecting frame.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the two inner arc surfaces of the ball bowl 1 are respectively tangent with the outer spherical surfaces of the fixed die 3 and the ball die 2. The stepped shaft portion of the fixed die 3 is fixed to the base 4. The control mechanism 5 is respectively connected with the ball bowl 1 and the fixed frame 7 through a universal joint 6.
In the bending process, the motor 11 drives the screw rod and drives the sliding block 13 to move along the first optical axis 9, so that the length of the control mechanism 5 is changed, the pose of the ball bowl 1 is adjusted, and the ball die 2 pushes the pipe to deviate from the initial central line to form a certain bending angle. The blank pipe is pushed forward and passes through the ball die 2 to form a bent pipe.
The technical solution of the present invention will now be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the mold for the free bending forming process of the present invention includes a ball bowl 1, a ball mold 2, a fixed mold 3, a base 4, a control mechanism 5 and a fixed frame 7. Two inner arc surfaces of the ball bowl 1 are respectively tangent with the outer spherical surfaces of the fixed die 3 and the ball die 2 in the circumferential direction. The stepped shaft portion of the fixed die 3 is fixed to the base 4. The control mechanism 5 is respectively connected with the movable mould 1 and the fixed frame 7 through universal joints 6. The pipe material crosses the guide hole of the fixed mould 3 and the central hole of the ball mould 2. In the bending process, the motor 10 rotates to enable the fixed sliding block 11 to move along the optical axis 9 under the driving of the screw 8, and the length of the control mechanism 5 is changed; the 3 groups of control mechanisms 5 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the base 4 along the circumferential direction, one end of each control mechanism is hinged with the fixing frame, the other end of each control mechanism is hinged with the outer circumferential surface of the ball bowl 1, and the control mechanisms are used for adjusting the pose of the ball bowl 1, so that the ball die 2 pushes the pipe to deviate from the initial central line to form a certain bending angle. The blank is pushed forward and passes through the ball die 2 to form the bent pipe fitting.
As shown in fig. 2, the control mechanism 5 includes a screw 8, a first optical axis 9, a second optical axis 10, a motor 11, a slider 12, a fixing block 13 and a connecting frame 14, and the bottom end of the motor 11 is hinged to the fixing frame 7; one end of the screw 8 is coaxially and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor 11, and the other end of the screw is coaxially and rotatably connected with the fixed block 13; the two first optical axes 9 are arranged on two sides of the screw 8 in parallel, one end of each first optical axis is fixed on the motor 11, the other end of each first optical axis passes through a first through hole in the sliding block 12 and is fixed on the fixed block 13, the sliding block 12 is provided with a threaded hole along the central axis and is installed in a matched mode with the screw, and the motor 11 drives the screw 8 and simultaneously drives the sliding block 12 to move along the first optical axes 9; the two second optical axes 10 are symmetrically and parallelly arranged on two sides of the screw 8, one end of each second optical axis is fixed on the sliding block 12, and the other end of each second optical axis passes through a second through hole in the fixed block 13, is connected through the connecting frame 14 and is hinged with the ball bowl 1 through the connecting frame 14; the length change of the control mechanism 5 is realized through the axial displacement of the slide block 12;
the three groups of control mechanisms 5 cooperatively regulate and control the ball bowl 1, so that the ball bowl 1 rotates around the fixed die 3 on a spherical surface with a moving range of a central angle of-45 degrees to +45 degrees through spherical surface contact, and a straight pipe is bent; the rotation center point of the ball bowl 1 is the center point O of the outlet end hole of the fixed mold 3, the moving radius is the distance from the hole center of the ball mold 2 to the center point O of the outlet end hole of the fixed mold 3, and the rotation angle of 0 degree is a straight line passing through the fixed mold 3 and the ball mold 2 simultaneously. The self-adaptability of the ball die 2 can ensure that the elbow and the inner hole wall of the ball die 2 are in a surface contact state in the forming process, so that the friction surface of the convex side wall of the elbow and the ball die 2 is increased, and the ball die 2 can dynamically adjust the posture according to the change of the forming curvature of the ball bowl 1 and the elbow to ensure that three components of the elbow, the ball die 2 and the ball bowl 1 are always in the optimal fit state; thereby reducing the surface roughness of the formed bent pipe and improving the forming quality of the formed bent pipe.
As shown in figure 4, the outer surface of the ball bowl 1 is a gourd-shaped spherical surface with an annular step, and the inner surface is a vase-shaped rotating surface. The annular step is provided with a hole so that the annular step can be connected with a control mechanism 5 through a universal joint 6, and the inner spherical rotating surface is flexibly matched with the outer surface of the fixed die when in work. The ball mould 2 is a spherical outer surface and has a corner self-adapting function in the working process. As shown in FIG. 3, the fixed mold 3 is composed of a fixed mold outer spherical surface 12, a stepped shaft 13, a thread 14, a guide hole 15, a flat top 16 and the like. The outer spherical surface is matched with the inner spherical surface of the ball bowl 1, and the stepped shaft is connected with the base 4. The fixed mould 3 is internally provided with a guide hole for playing a feeding guide function, and the front end is provided with a flat-top characteristic, so that the distance between the ball bowl 1 and the ball center of the fixed mould 3 is shortened, the minimum bending radius is reduced, and the bending capacity is improved.
As shown in fig. 7, the gimbal mechanism 6 is composed of a gimbal and two connecting frames, and is connected to the control mechanism 5 and the fixed frame 7, the control mechanism 5 and the ball bowl 1 through a pin bearing.
In the bending process, when the ball bowl 1 rotates for a certain angle under the control of the control mechanism 5, the movable die 2 also rotates for a certain angle, and the pipe moves forwards and then is subjected to desired bending deformation.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that those skilled in the art may make variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A die controlled by a parallel arm type structure and used for a free bending forming process comprises a ball bowl (1), a ball die (2), a fixed die (3) and a base (4); one end of the fixed die (3) is provided with an external thread and is fixedly connected with the base (4) through a nut; the ball die (2) is rotationally connected with the other end of the fixed die (3) through the ball bowl (1); the central holes of the ball bowl (1), the ball die (2), the fixed die (3) and the base (4) are communicated and are used as a bending path of a pipe to be processed; the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a control mechanism (5) and a fixed frame (7); the 3 groups of control mechanisms (5) are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the base (4) along the circumferential direction, one end of each control mechanism is hinged with the fixed frame (7), and the other end of each control mechanism is hinged with the outer circumferential surface of the ball bowl (1) and used for adjusting the rotation angle of the ball bowl (1);
the control mechanism (5) comprises a screw (8), a first optical axis (9), a second optical axis (10), a motor (11), a sliding block (12), a fixing block (13) and a connecting frame (14), and the bottom end of the motor (11) is hinged with the fixing frame (7); one end of the screw rod (8) is coaxially and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor (11), and the other end of the screw rod is coaxially and rotatably connected with the fixed block (13); the two first optical axes (9) are arranged on two sides of the screw (8) in parallel, one end of each first optical axis is fixed on the motor (11), the other end of each first optical axis passes through a first through hole in the sliding block (12) and is fixed on the fixed block (13), the sliding block (12) is provided with a threaded hole along the central axis and is installed in a matched mode with the screw, and the motor (11) drives the screw (8) and simultaneously drives the sliding block (12) to move along the first optical axes (9); the two second optical axes (10) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the screw (8) in parallel, one end of each second optical axis is fixed on the sliding block (12), the other end of each second optical axis penetrates through a second through hole in the fixed block (13) and is connected with the connecting frame (14), and the connecting frame (14) is hinged with the ball bowl (1); the length change of the control mechanism (5) is realized through the axial displacement of the sliding block (12);
the fixing frame (7) is of a circular ring flat plate structure, is coaxial with the base (4), and is fixed on the rack;
the three groups of control mechanisms (5) cooperatively regulate and control the spherical bowl (1) to enable the spherical bowl (1) to rotate around the fixed die (3) on a spherical surface with a moving range of a central angle of-45 degrees to +45 degrees through spherical surface contact, so that a straight pipe can be bent;
one end of the fixed die (3) is of a hemispherical structure, the other end of the fixed die is a stepped shaft coaxial with the hemisphere, and a central hole serving as a guide hole is formed in the fixed die in the axial direction and used for penetrating through a pipe to be processed; the end of the stepped shaft is provided with an external thread which passes through a through hole of the base (4) and is screwed and fixed through a nut; the fixed die (3) is internally provided with a guide hole for playing a feeding guide function, and the front end is provided with a flat-top characteristic, so that the distance between the ball bowl (1) and the center of the fixed die (3) can be shortened, the minimum bending radius can be reduced, and the bending capability can be improved;
the spherical bowl (1) is composed of two symmetrical half-gourd-shaped structures, and is fixed into a whole through bolts, so that the inner surface of the spherical bowl (1) is a vase-shaped rotating surface, and the spherical molds (2) and the fixed molds (3) at the two ends can be conveniently disassembled and assembled.
2. The die for a free bend forming process controlled by a parallel arm structure of claim 1, wherein: the two ends of the control mechanism (5) are hinged with the ball bowl (1) and the fixing frame (7) through universal joint mechanisms (6) respectively, and each universal joint mechanism (6) comprises a universal joint and a connecting frame (14) which are installed in a matched mode through a pin bearing and the universal joint respectively.
3. The die for a free bend forming process controlled by a parallel arm structure of claim 1, wherein: the ball bowl (1) is of a hollow gourd-shaped structure, and the diameter of the inner spherical surface at one end is smaller than that at the other end; the large-diameter end of the ball bowl (1) is sleeved on the fixed die (3), is in clearance fit and can rotate relative to the fixed die (3); the ball die (2) is arranged at the small-diameter end of the ball bowl (1) and can rotate relative to the ball bowl (1) in a clearance fit mode.
4. The die for a free bend forming process controlled with a parallel arm structure of claim 1, wherein: the outer peripheral surface of the ball bowl (1) is provided with an annular boss, and the other ends of the 3 control mechanisms (5) are hinged to the annular boss of the ball bowl (1).
5. The die for a free bend forming process controlled with a parallel arm structure of claim 1, wherein: the ball die (2) is of a spherical structure with a through hole in the axial direction, the through hole is of a structure with two ends expanded by converging at the axial midpoint, the inner wall from the axial midpoint of the through hole to the port at one side is an inner conical surface, and an inner circular arc rotating surface is arranged between the axial midpoint of the through hole and the port at the other side and is used for penetrating through a pipe to be processed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110045735.6A CN112845733B (en) | 2021-01-14 | 2021-01-14 | Die controlled by parallel arm type structure and used for free bending forming process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110045735.6A CN112845733B (en) | 2021-01-14 | 2021-01-14 | Die controlled by parallel arm type structure and used for free bending forming process |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112845733A CN112845733A (en) | 2021-05-28 |
| CN112845733B true CN112845733B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113977877A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 江苏拉斐尔模塑科技有限公司 | Thermoplastic forming device capable of controlling bending angle of wind-controlled bent pipe |
| CN114643304B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2023-06-09 | 国营芜湖机械厂 | Adjustable pipe fitting three-dimensional bending device and method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006142322A (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-06-08 | Tama Tlo Kk | Method and apparatus for pushing-through bending |
| DE102009025988A1 (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2010-12-30 | Mewag Maschinenfabrik Ag | Device and method for free-form bending of profiles |
| CN110180929A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-30 | 山东大学 | Free bend shapes swan neck system |
| CN111250576A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-09 | 西北工业大学 | Four-axis free pipe bending machine |
| CN111250575A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-09 | 西北工业大学 | Double-ball bowl type die for free bending forming process |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108421862A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-08-21 | 山东大学 | 3 D auto bending forming bending machine |
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- 2021-01-14 CN CN202110045735.6A patent/CN112845733B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006142322A (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-06-08 | Tama Tlo Kk | Method and apparatus for pushing-through bending |
| DE102009025988A1 (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2010-12-30 | Mewag Maschinenfabrik Ag | Device and method for free-form bending of profiles |
| CN110180929A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-30 | 山东大学 | Free bend shapes swan neck system |
| CN111250576A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-09 | 西北工业大学 | Four-axis free pipe bending machine |
| CN111250575A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-09 | 西北工业大学 | Double-ball bowl type die for free bending forming process |
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