CN112842319B - Method for automatically determining ischemic penumbra through DWI and ASL - Google Patents

Method for automatically determining ischemic penumbra through DWI and ASL Download PDF

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CN112842319B
CN112842319B CN202110192914.2A CN202110192914A CN112842319B CN 112842319 B CN112842319 B CN 112842319B CN 202110192914 A CN202110192914 A CN 202110192914A CN 112842319 B CN112842319 B CN 112842319B
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温宏峰
边钺岩
王培福
李继来
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Beijing Yuexi Technology Co.,Ltd.
Aerospace Center Hospital
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Abstract

A method for automatically determining ischemic penumbra through DWI and ASL is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1: carrying out multi-mode registration on the DWI and the ASL, and calculating a symmetry axis; step 2: calculating CBF through ASL, and calculating CBF abnormal areas; and step 3: and calculating the apparent diffusion coefficient ADC by DWI, calculating the DWI and ADC abnormal areas, and calculating the unmatched areas as ischemic penumbra. According to the invention, a bilateral comparison mode is adopted, and the abnormal side is compared with the normal side, so that the problem that the absolute threshold value cannot accurately reflect the ischemic penumbra condition due to individual difference of patients is avoided. And the DWI and ASL images are registered, and then the DWI symmetry axis is calculated to replace the ASL symmetry axis, so that the problem that the ASL image is difficult to calculate the symmetry axis is solved. The segmentation result of the ischemic penumbra can be accurately obtained.

Description

Method for automatically determining ischemic penumbra through DWI and ASL
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical images, in particular to a method for automatically determining an ischemic penumbra through DWI and ASL.
Background
Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, and has high morbidity, disability rate, mortality and recurrence rate. At present, the ischemic penumbra is determined by mismatching of Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and nuclear magnetic Perfusion Weighted Imaging (PWI) which are commonly used in clinic, and the PWI is used for dynamic magnetic sensitivity contrast enhanced imaging, needs to inject a contrast medium, is time-consuming and damaged, and has certain danger in high-pressure injection.
Arterial spin labeling ASL uses water in blood as an endogenous tracer to display perfusion information of brain tissue, and has advantages in that scanning can be completed without injection of contrast agent, but has disadvantages in that resolution is low and signal-to-noise ratio is poor, compared to nuclear magnetic perfusion weighted imaging PWI.
The use of ASL to DWI mismatches may also be used to determine ischemic penumbra. And calculating cerebral blood flow CBF by using ASL, processing the CBF by using an absolute threshold value, calculating an ischemic area, and taking a high-brightness area of DWI as an infarct area, wherein a non-matching area of the two areas is an ischemic penumbra.
Due to the problems of low resolution and poor signal-to-noise ratio of the ASL itself, the process of obtaining ischemic penumbra through the mismatching of ASL and DWI is generally completed manually, which is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and results are highly subjective and have poor repeatability due to the correlation with individual operations.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of time and labor consumption, strong subjectivity and poor repeatability in manual processing of mismatching of ASL and DWI, the invention provides a method for automatically determining an ischemic penumbra through DWI and ASL, and the regional segmentation of the ischemic penumbra can be rapidly, objectively and repeatedly realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following specific technical scheme:
a method for automatically determining ischemic penumbra by DWI and ASL, characterized by registering DWI and ASL images to calculate the symmetry axis of the ASL image by DWI; judging abnormal regions by bilateral comparison instead of absolute values; ischemic penumbra were obtained automatically by DWI and ASL imaging.
The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: carrying out multi-mode registration on the DWI and the ASL, and calculating a symmetry axis;
step 2: calculating CBF through ASL, and calculating CBF abnormal areas;
and step 3: and calculating the apparent diffusion coefficient ADC by DWI, calculating the DWI and ADC abnormal areas, and calculating the unmatched areas as ischemic penumbra.
The step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: registering the DWI sequence and the ASL sequence by using a mutual information registration method;
due to poor image resolution and image quality and under the condition of containing a focus, the ASL image is difficult to find a symmetry axis, and the symmetry axis found on the DWI image can be applied to the ASL image to solve the problem that the symmetry axis is difficult to calculate by utilizing registration;
step 1.2: calculating the symmetry axis of the DWI, and concretely realizing the following steps:
calculating a DWI threshold value by using a maximum inter-class difference method, separating an image background and brain tissues to obtain a binary image of the brain tissues, wherein the value of part of the brain tissues is 1, the value of other parts of the brain tissues is 0, then calculating the center of mass of the brain tissues, translating the center of mass to the center of the image, taking the center of mass as a temporary symmetry axis from an included angle of 0 degrees with the direction of a transverse axis, rotating the temporary symmetry axis at intervals of 1 degree for 180 degrees, calculating the symmetry of the brain tissues on two sides of the symmetry axis at each rotation, wherein the symmetry is obtained by calculating the exclusive OR of the binary images of the brain tissues on two sides of the symmetry axis, namely the result is 0 if the pixel values are the same, the difference is 1, calculating the angle with the minimum sum of all the exclusive OR values of the pixels as the angle of the symmetry axis, and calculating a straight line passing through the center of mass at the angle as the symmetry axis.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: the CBF is calculated by ASL, and typically the accompanying ASL data will contain processed CBF data, but if it does not, the CBF is obtained by subtracting the label image from the control image of ASL.
Step 2.2: dividing the brain tissue into two sides through the symmetry axis calculated in the previous step; respectively calculating the average value C of CBFs at two sides1And C2When C is present1And C2When the difference is less than or equal to 10%, the two sides are considered to be close to the same, and abnormal sides do not exist; when the difference is larger than 10%, the side with the larger CBF mean value is taken as a normal side, and the side with the smaller CBF mean value is taken as an abnormal side;
step 2.3: taking the median value of CBF values corresponding to all pixels on the normal side as a reference value TcbfThe abnormal side CBF is less than 0.35-0.4 times of the reference value TcbfWhen the region of (2) is in place, CBF abnormal region Rasl。
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: the ADC is calculated by DWI. Typically the accompanying DWI data will contain processed ADC data, but if not, it will need to pass through B in the DWI sequence0And B1000The image is taken to the ADC. The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002945864100000031
step 3.2: marking the candidate region R on the ADC with 620 as a thresholdadcIn aComputing an anomaly threshold T on a DWI image using a maximum inter-class difference methoddwiTo obtain DWI>TdwiRegion R ofdwi，RadcAnd RdwiAs the infarcted area Rdwi；
Step 3.3: from RaslMiddle is removed with RdwiThe overlapped region is used to obtain ischemic penumbra region Rp。
An apparatus for automatically determining ischemic penumbra by DWI and ASL, comprising:
the module 1 is used for carrying out multi-mode registration on DWI and ASL and calculating a symmetry axis;
and (3) module 2: for calculating the CBF and CBF abnormal area;
and a module 3: used to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient ADC, and DWI and ADC anomaly regions as ischemic penumbra.
An apparatus for automatically determining ischemic penumbra storage and processing by DWI and ASL, comprising a memory and a processor;
the memory for storing a computer program;
the processor is configured to implement the method for automatically determining ischemic penumbra by DWI and ASL when executing the computer program.
A computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for automatically determining ischemic penumbra by DWI and ASL.
The multi-modal registration may use methods other than mutual information, such as feature image registration based methods, SSDA algorithms based on grayscale image registration, fourier transform domain registration algorithms based on transform domain image registration, and the like. Although the performance difference of the two methods is not large, the mutual information registration method is most widely used, and the results of the other methods are not stable without the mutual information registration method.
According to the invention, a bilateral comparison mode is adopted, and the abnormal side is compared with the normal side, so that the problem that the absolute threshold value cannot accurately reflect the ischemic penumbra condition due to individual difference of patients is avoided. And the DWI and ASL images are registered, and then the DWI symmetry axis is calculated to replace the ASL symmetry axis, so that the problem that the ASL image is difficult to calculate the symmetry axis is solved. The segmentation result of the ischemic penumbra can be accurately obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart for automatically determining ischemic penumbra by DWI and ASL;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of automatic determination of ischemic penumbra by DWI and ASL.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for automatically determining ischemic penumbra by DWI and ASL includes the following steps:
step 1: carrying out multi-mode registration on the DWI and the ASL, and calculating a symmetry axis;
step 2: calculating CBF through ASL, and calculating CBF abnormal areas;
and step 3: and calculating the apparent diffusion coefficient ADC by DWI, calculating the DWI and ADC abnormal areas, and calculating the unmatched areas as ischemic penumbra.
The step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: registering the DWI sequence and the ASL sequence by using a mutual information registration method; due to the fact that image resolution and image quality are poor and focus is contained, the ASL image is difficult to find a symmetry axis, and the symmetry axis found on the DWI image can be applied to the ASL image to solve the problem that the symmetry axis is difficult to calculate by means of registration.
Step 1.2: the symmetry axis of the DWI is calculated. The concrete implementation is as follows: and (3) calculating a DWI threshold value by using a maximum inter-class difference method, separating an image background and a brain tissue to obtain a binary image of the brain tissue, wherein the value of part of the brain tissue is 1, and the value of other parts of the brain tissue is 0. And then calculating the mass center of the brain tissue, translating the mass center to the center of the image, taking the mass center as a temporary symmetry axis from the direction of a transverse axis with an included angle of 0 degree, rotating at intervals of 1 degree for 180 degrees, calculating the symmetry of the brain tissue on two sides of the symmetry axis at each rotation, wherein the symmetry is obtained by calculating the XOR of the brain tissue binary images on two sides of the symmetry axis, namely the result is 0 if the pixel values are the same, and the difference is 1, calculating the angle with the minimum sum of all the XOR values of the pixels as the angle of the symmetry axis, and calculating the straight line passing through the mass center under the angle as the symmetry axis.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: the CBF is calculated by ASL, and typically the accompanying ASL data will contain processed CBF data, but if it does not, the CBF is obtained by subtracting the label image from the control image of ASL.
Step 2.2: dividing the brain tissue into two sides through the symmetry axis calculated in the previous step; respectively calculating the average value C of CBFs at two sides1And C2When C is present1And C2When the difference is less than or equal to 10%, the two sides are considered to be close to the same, and abnormal sides do not exist; when the difference is larger than 10%, the side with the larger CBF mean value is taken as a normal side, and the side with the smaller CBF mean value is taken as an abnormal side;
step 2.3: taking the median value of CBF values corresponding to all pixels on the normal side as a reference value TcbfThe abnormal side CBF is less than 0.35-0.4 times of the reference value TcbfWhen the region of (2) is in place, CBF abnormal region Rasl。
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: the ADC is calculated by DWI. Typically the accompanying DWI data will contain processed ADC data, but if not, it will need to pass through B in the DWI sequence0And B1000The image is taken to the ADC. The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002945864100000051
step 3.2: marking the candidate region R on the ADC with 620 as a thresholdadcCalculating an anomaly threshold T on a DWI image using the maximum inter-class difference methoddwiTo obtain DWI>TdwiRegion R ofdwi，RadcAnd RdwiAs the infarcted area Rdwi；
Step 3.3: from RaslMiddle is removed with RdwiThe overlapped region is used to obtain ischemic penumbra region Rp。
The results obtained using this method are shown in FIG. 2, where the red region is the infarct region Rdwi(ii) a The green region is an ischemic region RaslThe subsequent ischemic penumbra area was the difference and was not given in the present batch experiment.
An apparatus for automatically determining ischemic penumbra by DWI and ASL, comprising:
the module 1 is used for carrying out multi-mode registration on DWI and ASL and calculating a symmetry axis;
and (3) module 2: for calculating the CBF and CBF abnormal area;
and a module 3: used to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient ADC, and DWI and ADC anomaly regions as ischemic penumbra.
An apparatus for automatically determining ischemic penumbra storage and processing by DWI and ASL, comprising a memory and a processor;
the memory for storing a computer program;
the processor is configured to implement the method for automatically determining ischemic penumbra by DWI and ASL when executing the computer program.
A computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for automatically determining ischemic penumbra by DWI and ASL.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (4)

1. A method for automatic determination of ischemic penumbra by Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL), characterized by registering DWI and ASL images to calculate the symmetry axis of the ASL image by DWI; judging abnormal regions by bilateral comparison instead of absolute values; automatically obtaining an ischemic penumbra through DWI and ASL images; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: carrying out multi-mode registration on the DWI and the ASL, and calculating a symmetry axis;
step 2: calculating CBF through ASL, and calculating CBF abnormal areas;
and step 3: calculating an apparent diffusion coefficient ADC through DWI, calculating an abnormal area of DWI and ADC, and calculating a mismatching area as an ischemic penumbra;
the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: registering the DWI sequence and the ASL sequence by using a mutual information registration method;
step 1.2: calculating the symmetry axis of the DWI, and concretely realizing the following steps:
calculating a DWI threshold value by using a maximum inter-class difference method, separating an image background and brain tissues to obtain a binary image of the brain tissues, wherein the partial value of the brain tissues is 1, the other parts of the brain tissues are 0, then calculating the center of mass of the brain tissues, translating the center of mass to the center of the image, starting from an included angle of 0 DEG with the direction of a transverse axis as a temporary symmetry axis, rotating at intervals of 1 DEG for 180 DEG in total, calculating the symmetry of the brain tissues on two sides of the symmetry axis at each rotation, wherein the symmetry is obtained by calculating the exclusive OR of the binary image of the brain tissues on two sides of the symmetry axis, namely the result is 0 if the pixel values are the same, the difference is 1, calculating the sum of the exclusive OR values of all pixels to obtain the minimum angle as the angle of the symmetry axis, and calculating a straight line passing through the center of mass at the angle as the symmetry axis;
the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: calculating the CBF through the ASL, wherein the processed CBF data is generally contained in the ASL data, but if the processed CBF data is not contained, the CBF is obtained by subtracting the label image from the control image of the ASL;
step 2.2: dividing the brain tissue into two sides through the symmetry axis calculated in the previous step; respectively calculating the average value C of CBFs at two sides1And C2When C is present1And C2When the difference is less than or equal to 10%, the two sides are considered to be close to the same, and abnormal sides do not exist; when the difference is larger than 10%, the side with the larger CBF mean value is taken as a normal side, and the side with the smaller CBF mean value is taken as an abnormal side;
step 2.3: taking the median value of CBF values corresponding to all pixels on the normal side as a reference value TcbfThe abnormal side CBF is less than 0.35-0.4 times of the reference value TcbfWhen the region of (2) is in place, CBF abnormal region Rasl；
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: calculating ADC through DWI;
typically the accompanying DWI data will contain processed ADC data, but if this data is not contained, the ADC is required to be derived from the B0 and B1000 images in the DWI sequence;
the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure 246853DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
step 3.2: marking the candidate region R on the ADC with 620 as a thresholdadcCalculating an anomaly threshold T on a DWI image using the maximum inter-class difference methoddwiTo obtain DWI>TdwiRegion R ofdwi，RadcAnd RdwiAs the infarcted area Rdwi；
Step 3.3: from RaslMiddle is removed with RdwiThe overlapped region is used to obtain ischemic penumbra region Rp。
2. An apparatus for automatically determining ischemic penumbra by Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL), comprising:
the module 1 is used for carrying out multi-mode registration on DWI and ASL and calculating a symmetry axis; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: registering the DWI sequence and the ASL sequence by using a mutual information registration method;
step 1.2: calculating the symmetry axis of the DWI, and concretely realizing the following steps:
calculating a DWI threshold value by using a maximum inter-class difference method, separating an image background and brain tissues to obtain a binary image of the brain tissues, wherein the partial value of the brain tissues is 1, the other parts of the brain tissues are 0, then calculating the center of mass of the brain tissues, translating the center of mass to the center of the image, starting from an included angle of 0 DEG with the direction of a transverse axis as a temporary symmetry axis, rotating at intervals of 1 DEG for 180 DEG in total, calculating the symmetry of the brain tissues on two sides of the symmetry axis at each rotation, wherein the symmetry is obtained by calculating the exclusive OR of the binary image of the brain tissues on two sides of the symmetry axis, namely the result is 0 if the pixel values are the same, the difference is 1, calculating the sum of the exclusive OR values of all pixels to obtain the minimum angle as the angle of the symmetry axis, and calculating a straight line passing through the center of mass at the angle as the symmetry axis;
and (3) module 2: for calculating the CBF and CBF abnormal area; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: calculating the CBF through the ASL, wherein the processed CBF data is generally contained in the ASL data, but if the processed CBF data is not contained, the CBF is obtained by subtracting the label image from the control image of the ASL;
step 2.2: dividing the brain tissue into two sides through the symmetry axis calculated in the previous step; respectively calculating the average value C of CBFs at two sides1And C2When C is present1And C2When the difference is less than or equal to 10%, the two sides are considered to be close to the same, and abnormal sides do not exist; when the difference is larger than 10%, the side with the larger CBF mean value is taken as a normal side, and the side with the smaller CBF mean value is taken as an abnormal side;
step 2.3: taking the median value of CBF values corresponding to all pixels on the normal side as a reference value TcbfThe abnormal side CBF is less than 0.35-0.4 times of the reference value TcbfWhen the region of (2) is in place, CBF abnormal region Rasl；
And a module 3: used for calculating apparent diffusion coefficient ADC, and DWI and ADC abnormal area as ischemia penumbra; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: calculating ADC through DWI;
typically the accompanying DWI data will contain processed ADC data, but if this data is not contained, the ADC is required to be derived from the B0 and B1000 images in the DWI sequence;
the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure 592384DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
step 3.2: marking the candidate region R on the ADC with 620 as a thresholdadcCalculating an anomaly threshold T on a DWI image using the maximum inter-class difference methoddwiTo obtain DWI>TdwiRegion R ofdwi，RadcAnd RdwiAs the infarcted area Rdwi；
Step 3.3: from RaslMiddle is removed with RdwiThe overlapped region is used to obtain ischemic penumbra region Rp。
3. An apparatus for automatically determining ischemic penumbra storage and processing by Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL), comprising a memory and a processor;
the memory for storing a computer program;
the processor, when executing the computer program, for implementing the method for automatically determining an ischemic penumbra by DWI and ASL as claimed in claim 1.
4. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium has stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method for automatically determining an ischemic penumbra by DWI and ASL according to claim 1.
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