CN112839775B - Sealing construction determination system, program, determination method, and learning system - Google Patents

Sealing construction determination system, program, determination method, and learning system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112839775B
CN112839775B CN201980067582.6A CN201980067582A CN112839775B CN 112839775 B CN112839775 B CN 112839775B CN 201980067582 A CN201980067582 A CN 201980067582A CN 112839775 B CN112839775 B CN 112839775B
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axial force
difference
inter
value
measured values
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CN112839775A (en
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西田隆仁
野野垣肇
山边雅之
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Walka Corp
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Walka Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B19/00Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

A sealing construction determination system for determining a construction result by a distance between faces of flanges fastened by bolts and nuts with a gasket interposed therebetween, the sealing construction determination system comprising: a seal Shi Gongbu (4) having flanges (flange joints (16-1, 16-2)) sandwiching the gasket (18) and fastened by bolts (20) and nuts (22); an inter-plane distance measuring unit (6) that measures the inter-plane distance of the flange; a processing unit (8) that acquires, from the inter-plane distance measuring unit, measured values (d) of the inter-plane distance at a plurality of stages from the start of fastening of the bolt to the completion of fastening, calculates a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the measured values, and compares the difference with a criterion to determine a skill level; and an information presentation unit (12) for presenting either or both of the calculation information and the calculation result processed by the processing unit. Thereby, it is realized to facilitate the state judgment of the sealing construction and to improve the reliability and construction skill of the sealing construction.

Description

Sealing construction determination system, program, determination method, and learning system
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a technique for determining and learning a sealing operation of a flange joint or the like of a pipe.
Background
Flange joints are used for connection of fluid devices such as piping and pump units. In the construction of the flange joint, a gasket is interposed between flanges, and the gasket is fastened by a plurality of bolts and nuts arranged at the peripheral edges of the flanges.
As for the work management of this sealing work, it is known that: a portable information terminal is provided which is communicably connected to the management server, and fastening data associated with tool information or operator information acquired by the portable information terminal is provided to the management server (for example, patent document 1).
Regarding skill determination of flange fastening, it is known that: the device comprises a measuring unit, an arithmetic unit, a judging unit and an output unit, wherein the measuring unit obtains the transition of the output signal from the strain gauge provided on the bolt, the arithmetic unit obtains the arithmetic result of the deviation of the output signal of the strain gauge during the fastening operation and the arithmetic result of the deviation of the output signal of the strain gauge at the time of the fastening completion, the judging unit judges the ability of the person to be tested by the skill level of three levels against the judging reference for each skill judging item, and the output unit outputs the judging result (for example, patent document 2).
Regarding monitoring of sealing construction, it is known that: axial force distribution information is generated based on bolt axial force and position information of the fastening flange joint, and the axial force distribution information is presented for monitoring (for example, patent document 3).
Prior art literature
Patent document 1: japanese patent No. 5065851
Patent document 2: japanese patent No. 6166222
Patent document 3: japanese patent laid-open No. 2017-161388
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
However, the technician responsible for the sealing work is required to have various capabilities such as knowledge obtained by learning, experience of the sealing work, experience-based skills, and the like. For the flange joint, the influence of uneven fastening and elastic interaction, etc. generated in fastening of the flange sandwiching the gasket cannot be ignored.
Regarding the sealing work, a detailed work standard is explicitly shown in JIS (japanese industrial standard) and the like. The skilled person who performs the sealing work is a matter of course on the premise that the work standard is not enough to be based on the work standard, and careful work is required. The technician is required to develop a construction feel, and perform a construction without the influence of uneven tightening and elastic interaction, that is, a construction with high reliability. The following problems exist: even if the sealing construction is known, if the precision of the construction result is low, the necessary sealing precision cannot be achieved.
In such sealing construction, the present inventors found that: by measuring the surface-to-surface distance between the opposed flanges to quantitatively grasp the surface-to-surface distance and confirming the result, the reliability of the sealing operation can be improved.
The problems are not disclosed and taught in patent documents 1 to 3, and the structures disclosed in these documents cannot solve the problems.
In view of the above problems, and based on knowledge required for sealing, an object of the present invention is to facilitate determination of a state of sealing and to improve reliability and construction skill of sealing.
Means for solving the problems
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sealing construction determination system that determines a construction result by an inter-surface distance of flanges that sandwich a gasket and are fastened by bolts and nuts, wherein the sealing construction determination system has: a seal Shi Gongbu having a flange sandwiching a gasket and fastened by a bolt and a nut; an inter-plane distance measuring unit that measures an inter-plane distance of the flange; a processing unit that acquires, from the inter-surface distance measuring unit, measured values of the inter-surface distance at a plurality of stages from the start of fastening of the bolt to the completion of fastening, calculates a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the measured values, and compares the difference with a criterion to determine a skill level; and an information presentation unit that presents either or both of the calculation information and the calculation result processed by the processing unit.
In the sealing construction determination system, the sealing construction determination system may further include an axial force measuring unit that measures an axial force applied to the flange from the bolt, wherein the processing unit takes in measured values of the axial force of the bolt at a plurality of stages from a start of fastening of the bolt to a completion of fastening, calculates an average value of the measured values, compares the average value with a determination criterion, and determines the skill level, and the information presenting unit presents any one or all of the calculation information and the calculation result processed by the processing unit.
In the sealing construction determination system, a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the measured values may be calculated, and the skill level may be determined by comparing the difference with a determination criterion, and the information presentation unit may present either or both of the calculation information and the calculation result processed by the processing unit.
In the sealing construction determination system, the processing unit may calculate a deviation amount of the difference from a reference value, and compare the deviation amount with a determination reference to determine the skill level.
In the sealing construction determination system, the processing unit may perform information processing in association with one or more of a measurement site of the inter-surface distance on the flange and a fastening period, as the identification information.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the program of the present invention, there is provided a program for being implemented by a computer, wherein the program is for causing the computer to realize the functions of: taking in measured values of the inter-surface distance of the flange at a plurality of stages from the start of fastening of the bolt to the completion of fastening of the seal work portion having the flange clamped with the gasket and fastened by the bolt and the nut; calculating a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the measured values, and comparing the difference with a judgment standard to judge the skill level; and generating presentation information of either or both of the operation information and the operation result processed by the processing unit.
In this program, the program may further include: taking in measured values of axial force applied from the bolt at a plurality of stages from the start of fastening of the bolt to the completion of fastening; calculating an average value of the measured values, and comparing the average value with a judgment standard to judge the skill level; and generating information presenting either or both of the operation information and the operation result processed by the processing unit.
In this program, the program may further include: taking in measured values of axial force applied from the bolt at a plurality of stages from the start of fastening of the bolt to the completion of fastening; calculating a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the measured values, and comparing the difference with a judgment standard to judge the skill level; and generating presentation information of any one or all of the operation information and the operation result processed by the processing unit.
In this program, the program may include the following functions: calculating the deviation amount of the difference from a reference value, and comparing the deviation amount with a judgment reference to judge the skill level.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sealing construction determination method for determining a construction result by an inter-surface distance of a flange fastened by a bolt and a nut with a gasket interposed therebetween, the sealing construction determination method comprising: measuring an inter-surface distance of a flange in a seal working portion having the flange clamped with a gasket and fastened by a bolt and a nut; in a plurality of stages from the start of fastening of the bolt to the completion of fastening, measured values of the inter-surface distance are taken in, a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the measured values is calculated, and the difference and a judgment reference are compared to judge the skill level.
In the sealing construction determination method, the sealing construction determination method may further include: measuring an axial force applied to the flange from the bolt; and taking in measured values of the axial force applied from the bolt at a plurality of stages from the start of fastening of the bolt to the completion of fastening, calculating an average value of the measured values, and comparing the average value with a determination criterion to determine the skill level.
In the sealing construction determination method, the sealing construction determination method may further include: measuring an axial force applied to the flange from the bolt; and taking in measured values of the axial force applied from the bolt at a plurality of stages from the start of fastening of the bolt to the completion of fastening, calculating a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the measured values, and comparing the difference with a determination criterion to determine the skill level.
In this sealing construction determination method, the sealing construction determination method may include the steps of: calculating the deviation amount of the difference from a reference value, and comparing the deviation amount with a judgment reference to judge the skill level.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a seal construction learning system that learns a seal construction using an inter-face distance of flanges that sandwich a gasket and are fastened by bolts and nuts, wherein the seal construction learning system has: a seal Shi Gongbu having a flange sandwiching a gasket and fastened by a bolt and a nut; an inter-plane distance measuring unit that measures an inter-plane distance of the flange; a processing unit that acquires, from the inter-surface distance measuring unit, measured values of the inter-surface distance at a plurality of stages from the start of fastening of the bolt to the completion of fastening, calculates a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the measured values, and compares the difference with a criterion to determine a skill level; and an information presentation unit that presents either or both of the calculation information and the calculation result processed by the processing unit.
In the seal construction learning system, the seal construction learning system may further include an axial force measuring unit that measures an axial force applied to the flange from the bolt, wherein the processing unit may take in measured values from the axial force measuring unit at a plurality of stages from a start of fastening of the bolt to a completion of fastening, calculate an average value of the measured values, compare the average value with a criterion, and determine the skill level, and the information presenting unit may present any one or all of the calculation information and the calculation result processed by the processing unit.
In the seal construction learning system, the seal construction learning system may further include an axial force measuring unit that measures an axial force applied to the flange from the bolt, wherein the processing unit may take in measured values from the axial force measuring unit at a plurality of stages from a start of fastening of the bolt to a completion of fastening, calculate a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the measured values, and compare the difference with a criterion to determine the skill level, and the information presenting unit may present either or both of the calculation information and the calculation result processed by the processing unit.
Effects of the invention
According to the present invention, any of the following effects can be obtained.
(1) The inter-surface distance between flanges affecting the accuracy of the sealing work is measured, the deviation of the measured value can be grasped, and the skill level of the sealing work person can be determined from the deviation.
(2) Since the inter-plane distance is measured and evaluated according to the difference in the tightening deflection (uneven tightening state) or the axial force between the flanges, the state of the interaction between the uneven tightening state and the elasticity can be digitized and evaluated in terms of skill level, which can contribute to improvement of the skill of the sealing constructor.
(3) Can help to improve the reliability of sealing construction.
(4) The present invention can be used for verification that a standard process according to JIS or the like is exhibited in the skill level, or for confirmation that a standard process not according to JIS or the like is determined to be low in the skill level according to the construction result.
(5) The present invention can be applied to a system that can be used for construction training, verification construction, and the like, and also to a learning system for sealing construction using a training facility or a real machine.
Further, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be further apparent by reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a seal construction determination system according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 a is a view showing a seal-applying portion, and fig. 2B is a view for explaining a measurement position of an inter-surface distance of a flange and a measurement thereof.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a seal construction determination file according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a processing sequence of the seal construction determination system.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a seal construction determination system according to embodiment 2.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a seal construction determination file according to embodiment 2.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a processing sequence of the seal construction determination system.
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a seal construction determination file according to embodiment 3.
Fig. 9 is a diagram showing a processing sequence of the seal construction determination system.
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a seal construction determination system of an embodiment.
Fig. 11 is a diagram showing hardware of the seal construction determination system.
Fig. 12 is a diagram showing hardware of the inter-surface distance measuring unit.
Fig. 13 is a diagram for explaining the measurement of the inter-face distance D.
Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an axial force sensor.
Fig. 15 is a diagram showing a processing sequence of the seal construction determination system.
Fig. 16 is a diagram showing a distribution pattern of measured values of the inter-surface distance.
Fig. 17 is a diagram showing a distribution pattern of measured values of axial force.
Detailed Description
(embodiment 1)
Fig. 1 shows a seal construction determination system according to embodiment 1. The configuration shown in fig. 1 is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this configuration.
The sealing construction determination system 2 determines the skill level of the constructor based on the measurement information of the sealing construction. The seal construction determination system 2 includes a seal construction unit 4, an inter-plane distance measuring unit (hereinafter, simply referred to as "measuring unit") 6, a processing unit 8, a storage unit 10, and an information presenting unit 12.
The seal-applying portion 4 is, for example, a fastening portion of the pipes 14-1 and 14-2. In the seal working portion 4, a gasket 18 is interposed between a flange joint (hereinafter, simply referred to as "flange") 16-1 on the pipe 14-1 side and a flange 16-2 on the pipe 14-2 side, and is fastened by a plurality of bolts 20-1, 20-2, & gt, 20-N and nuts 22. A fastening tool 24 is used in the fastening of each bolt 20-1, 20-2, the..once, 20-N and the nut 22. In the seal-applying portion 4, the inter-plane distance D between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 is the distance between the facing surfaces of the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, and represents the distance of the measurement site.
The measuring unit 6 measures the inter-plane distance D of the measurement site, and outputs the measured value. The measuring unit 6 may use a gap measuring instrument or the like in addition to an inter-flange measuring device using a laser or the like.
In the measurement of the inter-surface distance D, for example, a through hole for attaching the length measuring instrument is provided between bolts in the bolt center diameter of the flange 16-1 on one side, and the distance may be measured by abutting the tip of the length measuring instrument against the surface between the flange 16-1 and the flange 16-2 on the opposite side. The length measuring device is provided with at least one pair along a diagonal line, and preferably two or more pairs along a vertical diagonal line. The length measuring instrument may be attached to the outer edge of one flange 16-1, and an extension for receiving the tip of the length measuring instrument may be provided on the outer edge of the opposite flange 16-2.
The processing unit 8 is an arithmetic device such as a computer. The processing of the processing unit 8 includes a) a process of taking in a measured value of the inter-surface distance D, b) a process of writing the measured value into the storage unit 10 together with identification information of the measured value, c) a process of extracting a maximum value and a minimum value from the measured value, D) a process of calculating a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the measured value, e) a process of determining a result of the calculation, f) a process of presenting information, and the like.
The storage unit 10 stores a measured value of the inter-surface distance D associated with the identification information. The storage unit 10 stores a 1 st seal construction determination file 26-1 (fig. 3) and the like, and the 1 st seal construction determination file 26-1 stores a measured value of the inter-surface distance D and the like.
The information presentation unit 12 presents either or both of the operation information and the operation result processed by the processing unit 8. The presentation information includes a measured value of the inter-surface distance D, a calculation result of the measured value, transition information of a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the measured value, a determination result, and the like.
< measurement of inter-plane distance D of flanges 16-1, 16-2 >
Fig. 2 a shows the seal working portion 4 as seen from the flange 16-1 side. In the seal working portion 4, 8 bolts 20-1, 20-2, 20-8, P1, P2, and P8 are used for the flanges 16-1 and 16-2, and the bolt positions and the bolt fastening positions are indicated.
Temporary tightening of the flanges 16-1, 16-2 is, for example, diagonal tightening. If fastening is started from P1, the fastening order of the diagonal fastening is P1- & gtP 5- & gtP 3- & gtP 7- & gtP 2- & gtP 6- & gtP 4- & gtP 8, and P8 is the fastening end point.
B of FIG. 2 shows the measured position of the interfacial distance D of the flanges 16-1, 16-2 centered on P1. In this case, the measurement unit 6 measures the measurement value D1 of the inter-surface distance D, and the measurement values D1 and P1 represent identification information indicating the measurement position of the measurement value D1. In the identification information, the bolt 20-1 may be used as the identification information, or a date and time of measurement, a GPS (Global Positioning System: global positioning system), or the like may be used as the identification information.
Similarly, if, for example, measurement positions P2, P3, and P8 are set as a plurality of measurement positions, measurement values D2 to D8 can be obtained in the measurement unit 6.
The distance between the flange surfaces is preferably measured at the positions of bolts or between bolts at the outer edge of the flange, and the measured positions are preferably the same or similar positions.
< processing content of processing section 8 >
In the seal construction determination system 2, the following processing is included in the processing content of the processing unit 8.
a) Processing of taking in a measurement of the inter-surface distance D
The measuring section 6 continuously or intermittently measures the inter-plane distance D. The measured value is taken into the processing unit 8 at a predetermined timing.
b) Writing to the memory section 10
The processing unit 8 performs processing of writing the measured value into the storage unit 10 together with the identification information thereof. The identification information is information for specifying the measured value, and may be any one or two or more of "measurement site between surfaces D", "component", "measurement timing", or "fastening period of bolts 20-1, 20-2, & gt, 20-8", and the like. The "measurement site of the inter-surface distance D" may be based on positional information of the bolts 20-1, 20-2, 20-8, or the like, for example, but an angle indicating the measurement site may be used. The "parts" are, for example, part information of the flanges 16-1, 16-2, etc. The "measurement timing" may use measurement date and time, cycle information, or the like. The "fastening period of bolts 20-1, 20-2,..and 20-8" may be used. In addition to this identification information, information capable of specifying bolt tightening may be used, or two or more of these pieces of information may be combined.
c) Processing for extracting maximum and minimum values of measured values
In order to determine the deviation and fluctuation of the measured values, the processing unit 8 extracts the maximum value and the minimum value from the plurality of obtained measured values.
The maximum value and the minimum value of the measured value of the inter-plane distance D are values at the time of fastening or at the time of fastening completion. Here, "fastening" means each stage in temporary fastening of bolts 20-1, 20-2, and 20-N, each stage in temporary fastening of bolts at the end of the temporary fastening, and each stage in bolt fastening when the alignment of flanges 16-1, 16-2 is adjusted and the surfaces of flanges 16-1, 16-2 are parallel.
For a plurality of measured values dk (temporary fastening), dh (formal fastening) of the inter-surface distance D, dkmax (temporary fastening), dhmax (formal fastening) as its maximum value and dkmin (temporary fastening), dhmin (formal fastening) as its minimum value are extracted.
d) Processing for calculating difference between maximum value and minimum value of measured value
In order to determine the deviation and variation of the measured values, the processing unit 8 calculates the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value from the plurality of measured values.
Regarding the plurality of measured values dk (temporary tightening) and dh (normal tightening) of the inter-surface distance D, when the difference between the maximum value dkmax and the minimum value dkmin of the temporary tightening is defined as Δdk and the difference between the maximum value dhmax and the minimum value dhmin of the normal tightening is defined as Δdh, the differences Δdk and Δdh are as follows.
Δdk=dkmax-dkmin...(1)
Δdh=dhmax-dhmin...(2)
e) Processing for determining the result of the operation
As a function of determining the calculation result, the processing unit 8 determines the skill level from the distribution level using the distribution of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value.
When the reference values of the inter-surface distance D between temporary tightening and main tightening are defined as Δdkref and Δdhref, the skill level La is determined by comparing the reference value Δdkref with the difference Δdk and comparing the reference value Δdhref with the difference Δdh. The skill level La (construction skill) is determined, for example, based on the magnitude of the difference Δdh with respect to the reference value Δdhref.
For example, the number of the cells to be processed,
if the difference Δdh is a negligible value or very small (Δdhref= (or ∈Δdh)) with respect to the reference value Δdhref, the skill level La: excellent (=qualified);
if the difference Δdh is medium (Δdhref < (or >) Δdh) with respect to the reference value Δdhref, skill level La: good (=acceptable);
if the difference Δdh is large (Δdhref (or) Δdh) relative to the reference value Δdhref), skill level La: general (=poor construction),
these are skill level information indicating skill levels of constructors.
f) Processing of information cues
The processing unit 8 generates presentation information to be presented by the information presenting unit 12, and supplies the presentation information to the information presenting unit 12. The presentation information includes a measured value of the inter-surface distance D, a calculation result of the measured value, transition information of a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the measured value, a determination result of the skill level La, and the like.
< sealing construction determination File 26-1>
Fig. 3 shows an example of the 1 st seal construction determination file 26-1 stored in the storage unit 10. The seal construction determination file 26-1 stores a number unit 28, an identification information unit 30, an inter-surface distance unit 32, and a skill level unit 34.
The number unit 28 stores a number for specifying the storage information of the seal construction determination file 26-1.
The identification information unit 30 stores identification information for specifying the inter-plane distance D. The identification information portion 30 includes, for example, a measurement portion 30-1 and a fastening period portion 30-2. Information indicating the measurement site Sn is stored in the measurement site portion 30-1. The fastening time period unit 30-2 stores information indicating the fastening time period Tn.
The inter-surface distance portion 32 includes a temporary tightening measurement portion 32-1, a normal tightening measurement portion 32-2, a maximum portion 32-3, a minimum portion 32-4, a difference portion 32-5, and a reference value portion 32-6. The temporary tightening measurement unit 32-1 stores a measured value dk of the inter-surface distance D during temporary tightening, and the main tightening measurement unit 32-2 stores a measured value dh of the inter-surface distance D during main tightening.
The maximum value dkmax extracted from the measured value dk and the maximum value dhmax extracted from the measured value dh are stored in the maximum value unit 32-3.
The minimum value dkmin extracted from the measured value dk and the minimum value dhmin extracted from the measured value dh are stored in the minimum value unit 32-4.
The difference portion 32-5 stores the difference Δdk between the maximum value dkmax and the minimum value dkmin and the difference Δdh between the maximum value dhmax and the minimum value dhmin.
The reference values Δdkref, Δdhref of the differences Δdk, Δdh are stored in the reference value unit 32-6.
The skill level La as a result of the determination is stored in the skill level unit 34.
< procedure of sealing construction determination System 2 >
Fig. 4 shows a processing sequence of the seal construction determination system 2. The processing sequence includes processing procedures which are an example of the program or the construction determination method of the sealing construction determination system 2 of the present invention. When the sealing construction determination system 2 is started, the measurement unit 6, the processing unit 8, and the information presentation unit 12 are initialized, and the operation is shifted to the interlocking operation.
During the process from the start of temporary tightening of the seal working portion 4 to the completion of the working, the measuring portion 6 measures the inter-surface distance D at a preset measurement position (S101). The processing unit 8 takes in the measured values dk, dh of the inter-surface distance D (S102). The processing unit 8 stores the acquired measurement values dk and dh in the storage unit 10 together with the identification information (S103). The measured values dk and dh are stored in the sealing construction determination file 26-1 together with the identification information.
The processing unit 8 extracts maximum values dkmax, dhmax, minimum values dkmin, dhmin from the measured values dk, dh (S104). These maximum values dkmax, dhmax, minimum values dkmin, dhmin are stored in the sealing construction determination file 26-1.
The processing unit 8 calculates a difference Δdk between the maximum value dkmax and the minimum value dkmin and a difference Δdh between the maximum value dhmax and the minimum value dhmin (S105).
The processing unit 8 uses the differences Δdk and Δdh and the reference values Δdkref and Δdhref, and determines the skill level La by comparing them (S106).
After the determination, the processing unit 8 generates, for example, the seal construction determination file 26-1 as the presentation information, and outputs the presentation information to the information presentation unit 12 (S107). The information presentation unit 12 that receives the output presents the presented presentation information (S108).
< Effect of embodiment 1 >
According to embodiment 1, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Since elastic interaction or uneven tightening between the flanges 16-1, 16-2 is exhibited in the inter-plane distance D, the measured value of the inter-plane distance D and its transition can be calculated and evaluated as the skill level La.
(2) The seal constructor can efficiently improve the construction skill using the skill level La as an index.
(3) The sealing constructor can use the skill level La as an index, avoid elastic interaction or nonuniform fastening by knowing construction skill, and improve the reliability of sealing construction.
(embodiment 2)
As shown in fig. 5, embodiment 2 includes a measuring unit 6, a processing unit 8, a storage unit 10, and an information presentation unit 12, as well as an axial force measuring unit (hereinafter, simply referred to as "measuring unit") 36, as in embodiment 1. As in embodiment 1, the measurement unit 6 measures the inter-plane distance D of the measurement site. In contrast, the measuring section 36 measures the axial force F of each bolt 20-1, 20-2, 20-N. The measuring portion 36 may have a plurality of axial force sensors that measure the axial forces of the bolts 20-1, 20-2, 20-N, respectively. That is, the sealing construction determination system 2 of this embodiment includes a process of determining whether or not the skill level Lb-1 (the skill level of the axial force F), that is, the fastening surface pressure is within an appropriate range, based on the measurement of the axial force F.
The processing unit 8 includes, in addition to the processing a) to F) similar to that of embodiment 1, g) a processing of taking in the measured value of the axial force F, h) a processing of writing the measured value into the storage unit 10 together with the identification information of the measured value, i) a processing of calculating the average value of the measured value, j) a processing of determining the calculation result, k) a processing of presenting information, and the like.
The storage unit 10 has a 2 nd seal construction determination file 26-2 (fig. 6). The measured values of the axial force F of the bolts 20-1, 20-2, and 20-N are stored in the sealing construction determination file 26-2 together with the identification information.
The information presentation unit 12 presents either or both of the operation information and the operation result processed by the processing unit 8. The presentation information includes a measured value of the axial force F, average value information thereof, a determination result, and the like.
< measurement of axial force F of each bolt 20-1, 20-2, & gt, 20-N-
In the seal work 4 (a of fig. 2), the axial force F until the temporary or final fastening is completed is measured for, for example, 8 bolts 20-1, 20-2, 20-8 on the flanges 16-1, 16-2. The measurement timing is based on the measurement timing of the inter-plane distance D according to embodiment 1. Regarding the identification information of the measured value of the axial force F, P1 to P8 indicating the bolt position and bolts 20-1 to 20-8 may be used as the identification information, or the measurement date and time, GPS, or the like may be used as the identification information.
< processing content of processing section 8 >
In the seal construction determination system 2, the following processing is included in the processing content of the processing unit 8.
g) Processing of taking in the measured value F of the axial force F
The measuring section 36 continuously or intermittently measures the axial force F. The measured value is taken into the processing unit 8 at a predetermined timing.
h) Writing to the memory section 10
The processing unit 8 performs processing of writing the measured value F of the axial force F into the storage unit 10 together with the identification information thereof. The identification information is information for specifying the measured value, and may be any one or two or more of "measuring site of axial force", "component", "measuring timing", or "fastening timing of bolts 20-1, 20-2. The "axial force measurement location" may be referenced, for example, to bolts 20-1, 20-2, 20-N. The "parts" are, for example, part information of the flanges 16-1, 16-2, etc. The "measurement timing" may use measurement date and time, cycle information, or the like. The "fastening period of bolts 20-1, 20-2,..and 20-N" may be used. In addition to this identification information, information capable of specifying bolt tightening may be used, or two or more of these pieces of information may be combined.
i) Processing for calculating average value of measured value of axial force F
The processing of calculating the average value of the measured values of the axial force F is performed by the processing unit 8. The processing of the processing unit 8 includes a process of obtaining a measured value of the axial force F and calculating average values fkave and fhave of the measured values. That is, on the premise that the measured value of the axial force F of each bolt is obtained, for example, a plurality of measured values F of the axial force F at the time of the main tightening are obtained in the calculation process of the average value fhave, and the average value fhave thereof is calculated.
j) Processing for determining the result of the operation
The processing of determining the average value fhave (primary tightening) of the axial force F is performed by the processing unit 8. In this determination, a range fhref (primary tightening) of the target axial force is used as a reference range, and a determination is made as to whether or not the axial force F at the time of primary tightening is included in this range. That is, if the average value of the axial force measured at the time of the primary tightening is included in the target axial force range fhref (primary tightening), the proper tightening surface pressure is ensured, and therefore, it is determined that the sealing work is proper.
k) Processing of information cues
The processing unit 8 generates presentation information to be presented by the information presenting unit 12, and supplies the presentation information to the information presenting unit 12. The presentation information includes a measured value of the axial force, an average value calculation result, that is, a result of determining whether or not an appropriate surface pressure is secured, whether or not an appropriate sealing operation is performed, and the like.
Fig. 6 shows an example of the 2 nd seal construction determination file 26-2 stored in the storage unit 10. In the seal construction determination file 26-2, the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those of the seal construction determination file 26-1 (fig. 3), and the description thereof is omitted.
In the seal construction determination file 26-2, an axial force portion 39 and a skill level portion 35 are stored in addition to the seal construction determination file 26-1 (fig. 3).
The axial force portion 39 includes a temporary tightening measurement portion 39-1, a normal tightening measurement portion 39-2, an average value portion 39-3, and a target axial force range portion 39-4. The temporary tightening measurement unit 39-1 stores a measurement value fk of the axial force F at the time of temporary tightening, and the main tightening measurement unit 39-2 stores a measurement value fh of the axial force F at the time of main tightening.
The average value unit 39-3 stores an average value fkave of a plurality of measured values fk and an average value fhave of a plurality of measured values fh. The target axial force range portion 39-4 stores a target axial force range fkref at the time of temporary tightening and a target axial force range fhref at the time of final tightening. The skill level section 35 stores the skill level Lb-1 as a determination result.
Fig. 7 shows a processing procedure of the sealing construction determination system 2 according to embodiment 2. This processing procedure is an example of the processing procedure of the program or the construction determination method of the sealing construction determination system 2 of the present invention.
During the process from the start of temporary tightening and final tightening of the seal working portion 4 to the completion of the working, the axial force measuring portion 36 measures the axial force F at a measurement position set in advance (S121). The processing unit 8 takes in the measured values fk and fh of the axial force F (S122). The processing unit 8 stores the acquired measurement values fk and fh in the storage unit 10 together with the identification information (S123). The measured values fk and fh are stored in the sealing construction determination file 26-2 (fig. 6) together with the identification information.
The processing unit 8 calculates average values fkave and fhave of the plurality of measured values fk and fh (S124), and stores them in the sealing construction determination file 26-2 (fig. 6). Regarding these average values fkave and fhave, the skill level Lb-1 (the skill level of the axial force F) is determined based on whether the average value fkave is within the target axial force range fkref or whether the average value fhave is within the target axial force range fhref or not (S125).
After the determination, the processing unit 8 generates, for example, the seal construction determination file 26-2 as the presentation information, and outputs the presentation information to the information presentation unit 12 (S126). The information presentation unit 12 that has received the output presents the presented presentation information (S127).
< effect of embodiment 2 >
According to embodiment 2, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Whether sealing is performed with an appropriate fastening surface pressure, whether elastic interaction or uneven fastening between the flanges 16-1, 16-2 is exhibited in the average value of the measured values of the axial force F, or the like can be evaluated as the skill level Lb-1 of the sealing.
(2) The sealing constructor can recognize the construction skill by using the skill level Lb-1 as an evaluation index, and can refer to the level as an evaluation result of the construction skill, thereby efficiently improving the construction skill.
(3) The sealing constructor can perform sealing construction with an appropriate sealing surface pressure and avoid elastic interaction and uneven fastening, so that the reliability of sealing construction can be improved.
(embodiment 3)
In the seal construction determination system 2 according to embodiment 3, similar to embodiment 2 (fig. 5), the seal construction determination system includes measurement units 6 and 36, the measurement value of the inter-plane distance D is taken into the processing unit 8 from the measurement unit 6, and the measurement value of the axial force F is taken into the processing unit 8 from the measurement unit 36. Therefore, in the sealing construction determination system 2 of this embodiment, by both the measurement of the inter-plane distance D and the measurement of the axial force F, it is determined whether the fastening face pressure is within an appropriate range using both the skill level La (skill level of the inter-plane distance D) and Lb-2 (skill level of the axial force F).
The processing unit 8 includes, in addition to the same processing as the processing a) to F) of embodiment 1, i) a processing of taking in the measured value of the axial force F, m) a processing of writing the measured value into the storage unit 10 together with the identification information of the measured value, n) a processing of calculating the average value of the measured value, o) a processing of calculating the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the measured value of the axial force F, p) a processing of determining the result of the calculation, q) a processing of presenting information, and the like.
The storage unit 10 has a 3 rd seal construction determination file 26-3 (fig. 8). The measured values of the axial force F of the bolts 20-1, 20-2, 20-N are stored in the sealing construction determination file 26-3 together with the measured value of the inter-plane distance D and the identification information.
The information presentation unit 12 presents either or both of the operation information and the operation result processed by the processing unit 8. The presentation information includes a measured value of the axial force F and the interfacial distance D, transition information of a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value thereof, a determination result, and the like.
< measurement of axial force F of each bolt 20-1, 20-2, & gt, 20-N-
In the seal work 4 (a of fig. 2), the axial force F until the temporary or final fastening is completed is measured for, for example, 8 bolts 20-1, 20-2, 20-8 on the flanges 16-1, 16-2. The measurement timing is based on the measurement timing of the inter-plane distance D according to embodiment 1. The identification information of the measured value of the axial force may be identification information of P1 to P8 and bolts 20-1 to 20-8 indicating the positions of the bolts, or may be identification information of the date and time of measurement, GPS, or the like.
< measurement of interfacial distance D between flanges 16-1, 16-2 >
Since the same as embodiment 1 (a of fig. 2), the description thereof will be omitted.
< processing content of processing section 8 >
In the seal construction determination system 2, the following processing is included in the processing content of the processing unit 8.
l) processing to take in the measured value F of the axial force F
The measuring section 36 continuously or intermittently measures the axial force F. The measured value f is taken into the processing unit 8 at a predetermined timing.
m) writing processing to the memory section 10
The processing unit 8 performs processing of writing the measured value F of the axial force F into the storage unit 10 together with the identification information thereof. The identification information is information for specifying the measured value, and may be any one or two or more of "measuring site of axial force", "component", "measuring timing", or "fastening timing of bolts 20-1, 20-2. The "axial force measurement location" may be referenced, for example, to bolts 20-1, 20-2, 20-N. The "parts" are, for example, part information of the flanges 16-1, 16-2, etc. The "measurement timing" may use measurement date and time, cycle information, or the like. The "fastening period of bolts 20-1, 20-2,..and 20-N" may be used. In addition to this identification information, information capable of specifying bolt tightening may be used, or two or more of these pieces of information may be combined.
n) a process of extracting the maximum and minimum values of the measured values of the axial force F
In order to determine the deviation and fluctuation of the measured value of the axial force, the processing unit 8 extracts the maximum value and the minimum value from the plurality of obtained measured values.
The maximum and minimum values of the measured values are values at the time of fastening or at the time of fastening completion. Here, "fastening" means each stage in temporary fastening of bolts 20-1, 20-2, and 20-N, each stage in temporary fastening of bolts at the end of the temporary fastening, and each stage in bolt fastening when the alignment of flanges 16-1, 16-2 is adjusted and the surfaces of flanges 16-1, 16-2 are parallel.
For a plurality of measured values fk (temporary fastening), fh (formal fastening) of the axial force F, the maximum value fkmax (temporary fastening), fhmax (formal fastening) and the minimum value fkmin (temporary fastening), fhmin (formal fastening) thereof are extracted.
o) processing for calculating the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the measured value of the axial force F
In order to determine the deviation and variation of the measured values, the processing unit 8 calculates the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value from the plurality of measured values.
Regarding the plurality of measured values fk (temporary tightening) and fh (normal tightening) of the axial force, when the difference between the maximum value fkmax and the minimum value fkmin of the temporary tightening is defined as Δfk and the difference between the maximum value fhmax and the minimum value fhmin of the normal tightening is defined as Δfh, the differences Δfk and Δfh are as follows.
Δfk=fkmax-fkmin...(3)
Δfh=fhmax-fhmin...(4)
p) processing for determining the result of the operation
As a function of determining the calculation result, the processing unit 8 determines the skill level from the distribution level using the distribution of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value.
Assuming that the reference values of the axial forces of temporary tightening and normal tightening are Δfkref and Δfhref, the skill level Lb-2 is determined by comparing the reference value Δfkref with the difference Δfk and comparing the reference value Δfhref with the difference Δfh. The skill level Lb-2 (construction skill) is determined, for example, based on the magnitude of the difference Δfh with respect to the reference value Δfhref. For example, the number of the cells to be processed,
if the difference Δfh is negligible or extremely small (Δfhref= (or ∈Δfh)) with respect to the reference value Δfhref, the skill level Lb-2: excellent (=qualified);
if the difference Δfh is medium (Δfhref < (or >) Δfh relative to the reference value Δfhref), the skill level Lb-2: good (=acceptable);
if the difference Δfh is large (Δfhref (or) Δfh) with respect to the reference value Δfhref, the skill level Lb-2: general (=poor construction),
these are skill level information indicating skill levels of constructors.
q) processing of information cues
The processing unit 8 generates presentation information to be presented by the information presenting unit 12, and supplies the presentation information to the information presenting unit 12. The presentation information includes a measured value of the axial force, a calculation result of the measured value, transition information of a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the measured value, a determination result of the skill level Lb-2, and the like.
< acquisition of measured value of interfacial distance D between flanges 16-1 and 16-2 and determination thereof >
Since the same as embodiment 1, the description thereof will be omitted.
< sealing construction determination File 26-3>
Fig. 8 shows an example of the 3 rd seal construction determination file 26-3 stored in the storage unit 10. The seal construction file 26-3 stores a step portion 38, an axial force portion 40, an inter-plane distance portion 42, a pass/fail portion 44, and a comprehensive determination portion 45.
The temporary fastening portion 38-1 and the main fastening portion 38-2 are set in the step portion 38, the position marks 1, 2, and P are set in the temporary fastening portion 38-1, and the position marks 1, 2, and Q are set in the main fastening portion 38-2 in the same manner. The position marks 1, 2..and P, Q indicate fastening positions.
In the axial force portion 40, a measurement value portion 40-1, a maximum value portion 40-2, a minimum value portion 40-3, a difference portion 40-4, an average value portion 40-5, and a reference value portion 40-6 are set for the temporary fastening portion 38-1 and the main fastening portion 38-2. In the measurement value unit 40-1, the measurement values of the axial force F are stored in the order of measurement 1, 2. The maximum value of the measured axial force F is stored in the maximum value portion 40-2. The minimum value of the measured axial force F is stored in the minimum value portion 40-3. The difference portion 40-4 stores the value of the maximum value-minimum value. The average value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the axial force F is stored in the average value section 40-5. The reference value of the axial force F is stored in the reference value portion 40-6.
In the inter-plane distance portion 42, a measurement value portion 42-1, a maximum value portion 42-2, a minimum value portion 42-3, a difference value portion 42-4, and a reference value portion 42-5 are set for the temporary fastening portion 38-1 and the main fastening portion 38-2. In the measurement unit 42-1, the measurement values of the inter-surface distance D are stored in the order of measurement 1, 2. The maximum value of the measured inter-plane distance D is stored in the maximum value unit 42-2. The minimum value of the measured inter-plane distance D is stored in the minimum value section 42-3. The difference portion 42-4 stores the value of the maximum value to the minimum value. The reference value of the inter-surface distance D is stored in the reference value unit 42-5.
The pass/fail unit 44 stores the pass/fail result of each position for the temporary fastening unit 38-1 and the main fastening unit 38-2. The comprehensive determination unit 45 stores the comprehensive determination result obtained from the pass or fail result. The result of the integrated determination indicates whether the axial force F and the inter-surface distance D are within the reference values. That is, the result of determining whether or not the appropriate tightening has been performed is stored in the comprehensive determination unit 45.
In this embodiment, the above-described sealing construction determination file 26-2 (fig. 6) can also be used. Since the seal construction determination file 26-2 has been described in detail, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
< procedure of sealing construction determination System 2 >
Fig. 9 shows a processing sequence of the seal construction determination system 2. The processing sequence includes processing procedures which are an example of the program or the construction determination method of the sealing construction determination system 2 of the present invention. In this process, the skill level of the operator is evaluated based on the average of the axial force and the interfacial distance in each step and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value, and the determination of whether the worker is qualified or not is performed by measurement in each step or measurement in a predetermined step after completion of the main tightening. The reference value for the determination is set according to the work level required for each tightening work. The step for determining the same day is set according to the work level required for each tightening work.
Therefore, in this process, the following process is included for the axial force F.
(a) And a process of obtaining a difference between the average values of the target axial forces (whether or not the average axial force is within a predetermined range of the target axial force).
(b) And a process of obtaining a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value (deviation of the axial force).
(c) And a process of determining a difference between the target axial force and the maximum value (whether or not the local axial force exceeds the breaking stress of the gasket).
(d) And a process of determining a difference between the target axial force and the minimum value (whether or not the local axial force is lower than the seal limit stress of the gasket).
In addition, in this process, the following process is included for the inter-plane distance D.
(e) And a process of obtaining a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value (inclination between the surfaces).
In the sealing construction determination system 2 of this embodiment, the axial force and the inter-surface distance after the completion of the tightening are determined to be within the reference, and the pass or fail determination in each step is not performed, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
During the process from the start of temporary tightening and final tightening of the seal working portion 4 to the completion of the working, the measuring portion 6 measures the inter-surface distance D at a predetermined measurement position (S201), and the measuring portion 36 measures the axial force F at a predetermined measurement position (S202). The processing unit 8 takes in the measured values dk, dh of the inter-surface distance D (S203). The processing unit 8 takes in the measured values fk and fh of the axial force F (S204). The processing unit 8 stores the acquired measurement value dk, dh, fk, fh in the storage unit 10 together with the identification information (S205). The measured values dk and dh are stored in the sealing construction determination file 26-1 together with the identification information. The measured values fk and fh are stored in the sealing construction judgment file 26-3 together with the identification information.
The processing unit 8 extracts maximum values dkmax, dhmax, minimum values dkmin, dhmin from the measured values dk, dh (S206). The processing unit 8 extracts the maximum value fkmax, fhmax, minimum value fkmin, and fhmin from the measured values fk and fh (S207). These maximum values dkmax, dhmax, minimum values dkmin, dhmin are stored in the sealing construction determination file 26-1. These maximum values fkmax, fhmax, minimum values fkmin, and fhmin are stored in the sealing construction determination file 26-3.
The processing unit 8 calculates a difference Δdk between the maximum value dkmax and the minimum value dkmin and a difference Δdh between the maximum value dhmax and the minimum value dhmin (S208). The processing unit 8 calculates a difference Δfk between the maximum value fkmax and the minimum value fkmin and a difference Δfh between the maximum value fhmax and the minimum value fhmin (S209).
The processing unit 8 uses the differences Δdk and Δdh and the reference values Δdkref and Δdhref, and determines the skill level La by comparing them (S210). The processing unit 8 uses the differences Δfk and Δfh and the reference values Δfkref and Δfhref, and determines the skill level Lb-2 by comparing them (S211).
After the determination, the processing unit 8 generates, for example, the seal construction determination files 26-1 and 26-3 as presentation information, and outputs the presentation information to the information presentation unit 12 (S212). The information presentation unit 12 that receives the output presents the presented presentation information (S213).
Then, the processing unit 8 makes a comprehensive determination considering both skill levels La and Lb-2, generates presentation information indicating the result of the comprehensive determination, stores the presentation information in the comprehensive determination unit 45 of the seal construction determination file 26-3, and presents the presentation information in the information presentation unit 12.
< modification of the procedure of the sealing construction determination System 2 >
In the processing sequence shown in fig. 9, for example, the skill levels La and Lb-2 may be averaged together, and the skill level Lc-1 of both may be calculated and presented. Instead of simply adding the skill levels La and Lb-2, the skill levels La and Lb-2 may be weighted to adjust the evaluation level.
< effect of embodiment 3 >
According to embodiment 3, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Elastic interaction or uneven tightening generated between the flanges 16-1, 16-2 is exhibited in the in-plane distance D, but can be recognized as a skill level La, the condition of the axial force F at this time can be recognized as a skill level Lb-2, and the sealing construction can be evaluated using the skill levels La, lb-2.
(2) The sealing constructor can efficiently improve the construction skill by using the two skill levels La and Lb-2 as indexes.
(3) The sealing constructor can know the linkage property of the skill levels La and Lb-2 by taking the skill levels as indexes, and improve the construction skill, and avoid elastic interaction and uneven fastening, so that the reliability of sealing construction can be improved.
(embodiment 4)
In embodiments 1 to 3, the magnitude relation between the measured values of the inter-surface distance D and the axial force F is obtained, and the skill level La and the skill levels Lb-1 and Lb-2 are determined from the difference from the reference values. The present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
The processing unit 8 may calculate a difference Δ between the magnitudes of the measured values of the inter-surface distance D and the axial force F, calculate a deviation of the difference Δ from a reference value Δref, and compare the deviation with a determination reference to determine the skill level Lc-2.
According to embodiment 4, the deviation amount of the difference Δ between the magnitudes of the measured values of the inter-surface distance D and the axial force F from the reference value Δref can be evaluated as the skill level Lc-2, and a higher seal construction technique can be facilitated.
Examples
Fig. 10 shows a seal construction determination system of an embodiment. In fig. 10, the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those in fig. 1.
The sealing construction determination system 2 of this embodiment is provided at a sealing construction training center or the like for training, learning, construction simulation, and the like of sealing construction.
In the seal construction determination system 2, the seal construction portion 4 is fixed to the floor 46 in the building. The seal-applying portion 4 is provided with a long pipe 14-2, and a fixing flange 48 attached to the lower end of the pipe 14-2 is firmly fixed to the ground 46. In this embodiment, the pipe 14-1 is omitted, and the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 are set in the pipe 14-2 to a height at which the sealing operator can perform the work. The above bolts 20-1, 20-2, 20-8 are attached to the flanges 16-1, 16-2.
The measuring section 6 for measuring the inter-surface distance D of the flanges 16-1, 16-2 is configured to be movable. The measurement unit 6 includes a measurement function unit 50 and a communication unit 52. The measurement function section 50 measures the inter-plane distance D and outputs the measured value D thereof. The measurement output indicating the measurement value d obtained by the measurement function unit 50 is transmitted to the processing unit 8 side via the communication unit 52. The signaling may use any of wireless or wired means.
At the bolts 20-1, 20-2, the..20-8 on the flanges 16-1, 16-2 are equipped measuring parts 36 measuring the axial force F of each bolt. The measuring section 36 has axial force sensors 36-1, 36-2, and 36-8 (fig. 11) corresponding to the bolts 20-1, 20-2, and 20-8.
A management table 54 for managing the sealing work of the sealing work portion 4 is provided. The management table 54 can be moved by casters 56. A Personal Computer (PC) 58, a data recorder 60, and a monitor 62 are provided on the management table 54. The PC 58 is an example of the processing unit 8. The data recorder 60 is a unit that collects and saves measurement data of the measurement unit 36. The output of the axial force sensors 36-1, 36-2, and 36-8 is transmitted from the seal applicator 4 to the data logger 60 via cable 64.
The monitor 62 is an example of the information presenting unit 12. The screen 66 of the monitor 62 has a touch panel 68 as an example of the input means.
< hardware of sealing construction determination System 2 >
Fig. 11 shows hardware of the seal construction determination system 2. In fig. 11, the same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those in fig. 10.
The PC 58 has a processor 70, an input/output (I/O) section 72, a communication section 74, and a storage section 10. The processor 70 is an example of the processing unit 8.
The data logger 60 and monitor 62 are connected to the I/O72. The measured value data of the axial force F collected in the data logger 60 is taken into the I/O72 by the control of the processor 70 and stored in the storage unit 10. The monitor 62 is provided with a prompt generated by the processor 70 and an image is displayed on the monitor 62. The communication unit 74 communicates with the measurement unit 6.
The storage unit 10 stores various programs such as an OS (Operating System) and a seal construction determination program, and seal construction determination files 26-1 (fig. 3), 26-2 (fig. 6), 26-3 (fig. 8), and the like. All of these seal construction determination files 26-1, 26-2, 26-3 may be stored, or any one or two or more of them may be stored. The Memory unit 10 is configured by a Memory element such as a ROM (Read-Only Memory) and a RAM (Random-Access Memory).
The operation input unit 76 includes the interface device for inputting information such as the above-described touch panel 68 (fig. 10) in addition to a keyboard and a mouse.
< hardware of measurement section 6 >
Fig. 12 shows the hardware of the measuring section 6. In fig. 12, the same portions as those in fig. 10 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
In this embodiment, the measuring section 6 uses an inter-flange measuring device using a laser.
In the measuring unit 6, the measurement function unit 50 includes a light irradiation unit 78, an imaging unit 80, and an image processing unit 82. The light irradiation unit 78 irradiates laser light to the gap between the flanges 16-1 and 16-2 of the measurement site, thereby forming a fine light image. The flare image is an image of a band-like light formed by a flare light reaching the face of the flange 16-1 from the face of the flange 16-1 of the measurement site via the spacer.
The image pickup unit 80 picks up a flare image and converts the flare image into image information. The image information is pixels having different luminance differences of the fine light image. The image information is taken into the image processing unit 82 as a measured value D of the inter-plane distance D.
The image processing unit 82 counts the measured value d by the number of pixels of the flare image, and recognizes the counted value as the measured value d. That is, the image processing unit 82 obtains the measured value D of the inter-plane distance D by light measurement.
The information indicating the measured value D of the inter-surface distance D thus obtained is transmitted from the communication unit 52 to the communication unit 74 of the PC 58 in a wireless or wired manner, and is stored in the seal construction determination file 26-1 of the storage unit 10 together with the identification information.
< measurement of inter-face distance D by measurement section 6 >
Fig. 13 shows a measurement state of the measurement unit 6 using the inter-flange measurement device.
In this example, a sealing operator grasps a handle 86 provided in a main body 84 of the measuring unit 6, and inserts a positioning guide 88 on the tip end side into a space 90 between flanges 16-1 and 16-2 at the measuring position to determine the measuring position.
While maintaining this state, light is irradiated from the light irradiation section 78 to the measurement positions of the flanges 16-1, 16-2. Thereby, a fine light image is obtained at the flanges 16-1, 16-2. The image pickup unit 80 picks up the flare image.
< axial force sensor 36-1, 36-2, 36-8>
Fig. 14 shows bolts 20-1, 20-2, and..20-8 and axial force sensors 36-1, 36-2, and..36-8.
Each bolt 20-1, 20-2, and 20-8 has a hollow portion, and each hollow portion is provided with an axial force sensor 36-1, 36-2, and 36-8. For each axial force sensor 36-1, 36-2, & gt, 36-8, the load (stress) applied to the bolts 20-1, 20-2, & gt, 20-8 when tightening between the flanges 16-1, 16-2 using the nuts 22 becomes a measurement fk, fh of the axial force F. The measured values fk and fh are taken into the data logger 60 (fig. 11) via the cable 64.
< procedure of sealing construction determination System 2 >
Fig. 15 shows a processing sequence of the seal construction determination system 2. The processing sequence includes processing procedures which are an example of the program or the construction determination method of the sealing construction determination system 2 of the present invention. In this embodiment, the processing of the measured values of both measuring units 6, 36 is included.
The measuring unit 6 measures the inter-surface distance D at a preset measurement position at each stage from the start to the completion of temporary tightening or main tightening for the bolts 20-1, 20-2. The axial force sensors 36-1, 36-2, 36-8 of the measuring unit 36 measure the axial force F of the bolts 20-1, 20-2, 20-8 (S302). The measurement by the measuring units 6 and 36 may be performed at the same time or at different times. The measured values fk, fh of the axial force F are collected together with the identification information in the data logger 60.
The processor 70 takes in the measured values dk, dh of the inter-surface distance D (S303), takes in the measured values fk, fh of the axial force F (S304), and stores the measured values dk, dh, fk, fh in the storage unit 10 (S305). The measured values dk and dh are stored in the sealing operation determination file 26-1 together with the identification information, and the measured values dk, dh, fk, fh are stored in the sealing operation determination file 26-3 together with the identification information.
The processor 70 performs the arithmetic processing of each stage (S306), and the arithmetic processing includes the processing procedures S104 to S106 (fig. 4) or the processing procedures S206 to S211 (fig. 9).
As described above, any one or two or more of skill levels La, lb-1, lb-2, lc-1, lc-2 are determined by this calculation.
Then, in this embodiment, as the prompt information, the image information of the seal construction determination files 26-1, 26-3 is generated, and the distribution pattern of the measured value D of the inter-surface distance D (fig. 16) and the distribution pattern of the measured value F of the axial force F (fig. 17) are generated (S307).
These pieces of presentation information are supplied to the monitor 62, and are presented in the form of images by the monitor 62 (S308).
< distribution pattern of measured value D of inter-plane distance D >
Fig. 16 shows a distribution pattern of the measured value D of the inter-plane distance D. In this distribution pattern, the axes y1, y2, and y8 of the positions P1, P2, and P8 of the flanges 16-1, 16-2 toward the bolts 20-1, 20-2, and 20-8 are shown. The distance from the center O represents the magnitude of the measurement D of the inter-plane distance D. The hexagon of measurement d is shown in solid lines with respect to the dashed line pattern of regular hexagons. The graph of the measured value d is skewed with respect to the dashed graph, meaning that the value of the measured value d differs at the measuring location. That is, uneven mat face pressure due to uneven fastening or elastic interaction is indicated.
< distribution pattern of measured value F of axial force F >
Fig. 17 shows a distribution pattern of the measured values F of the axial force F. Likewise, in this distribution pattern, the axes y1, y2, and y8 of the positions P1, P2, P8, and P8 are shown centered on the center O of the flanges 16-1, 16-2 toward the bolts 20-1, 20-2. The distance from the center O represents the magnitude of the measured value F of the axial force F. The hexagon of the measured value f is shown with a solid line with respect to the dashed line graph of a regular hexagon. The graph of the measured value f is skewed with respect to the graph of the dashed line, meaning that the value of the measured value f differs at the measuring location. I.e. the measured values F representing the axial forces F differ due to uneven tightening or elastic interactions.
< Effect of example >
According to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) According to this embodiment, the inter-surface distance D or the axial force F can be measured at the time of fastening, at the time of adjusting the alignment of flanges so that the flange surfaces are parallel, or at each stage in the temporary fastening of the bolts or at the end thereof, and each stage in the fastening of the bolts, and the skill level of the seal constructor can be determined.
(2) According to this embodiment, even shim face pressure can be obtained by even fastening without deviation of shim face pressure and uneven fastening.
(3) According to this embodiment, the skill level can be quantitatively confirmed by either one or both of the measurement of the inter-plane distance D and the measurement of the bolt axial force F, that is, the skill level at which the tightening can be performed without uneven tightening and the uniform and appropriate gasket face pressure can be ensured. This enables training according to an actual fastening method (JIS, ASME, etc.), and the training can be performed by measuring the interfacial distance D or the axial force F, so that training that simulates fastening on a real machine in a plurality of fastening stages can be realized.
(4) In the case where the skill levels La, lb-1, lb-2, lc-1, lc-2 as the determination results are low, which is the evaluation of the execution results of the constructors, it is not only the evaluation of the simple skill level but also the determination of whether the construction is performed or not in accordance with the construction process of JIS or ASME.
< standards-based flange Joint fastening >
In the above-described embodiment, in the case of according to JISB2251, it is necessary to perform fastening according to temporary fastening. In the flange joint fastening process, the bolts are temporarily fastened in accordance with the general matters and the fastening sequence in the temporary fastening of JISB 2251. In the temporary tightening (attachment), a torque wrench is used, and when the number of bolts in the flange is 8 or less, all bolts are targeted for temporary tightening. The diagonal fastening is as described previously.
In the above-described embodiment, the fastening needs to be performed in accordance with the JISB2251 formal fastening. In the main tightening, tightening is performed based on the target tightening torque with respect to all bolts. Torque wrenches are used in the management of tightening torque.
In asmeccc-1, the process of JISB2251 is described, although the basic idea is to perform circumferential fastening after diagonally alternately fastening all bolts.
(other embodiments)
The above embodiment may include the following modifications.
(1) In the measurement of the inter-surface distance D, a through hole for attaching the length measuring instrument may be provided between bolts having the bolt center diameters of the flanges 16-1 on one side, and the tip of the length measuring instrument may be brought into contact with the surface of the flange 16-2 on the other side to measure the inter-surface distance.
(2) The number of the length measuring devices may be one pair along the diagonal line, but two or more pairs may be provided along the vertical diagonal line. The length measuring device may be attached to the outer edge of one flange, and an extension portion for receiving the tip of the length measuring device may be provided on the outer edge of the opposite flange.
(3) In the embodiment, the measurement unit 6 is exemplified as an inter-flange measurement device based on optical measurement, but various measurement devices such as a gap measurement device may be used for the measurement unit 6.
(4) The reference value fhref of the axial force of the normal tightening may be compared with the maximum value fhmax (normal tightening) measured by the axial force measuring unit 36 to determine whether or not the local axial force exceeds the breaking stress of the gasket.
(5) The reference value fhref of the axial force of the normal tightening and the minimum value fhmin (normal tightening) measured by the axial force measuring unit 36 may be compared to determine whether or not the local axial force is lower than the seal limit stress of the gasket.
As described above, the most preferred embodiment and the like of the present invention are described. The present invention is not limited to the above description. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes based on the gist of the invention described in the claims or disclosed in the specific embodiments. Of course, such modifications and variations are also included in the scope of the present invention.
Industrial applicability
According to the present invention, the inter-plane distance D of the flange can be measured to determine the skill level, and the axial force F can be measured in addition to the inter-plane distance D to determine the skill level, which can contribute to improvement of the skill level of the seal construction and improvement of the reliability of the seal construction result.
Description of the reference numerals
2: a sealing construction judgment system; 4: a seal Shi Gongbu; 6: an inter-plane distance measuring unit; 8: a processing section; 10: a storage unit; 12: an information presentation unit; 14-1, 14-2: piping; 16-1, 16-2: a flange joint; 18: a gasket; 20-1, 20-2, 20-N: a bolt; 22: a nut; 24: a fastening tool; 26-1: 1 st sealing construction judgment file; 26-2: 2 nd sealing construction judgment file; 28: a numbering unit; 30: an identification information section; 30-1: a measurement portion; 30-2: a fastening period section; 32: an inter-plane distance section; 32-1: temporarily fastening the measured value part; 32-2: a formally fastened measurement value part; 32-3, 42-2: a maximum value unit; 32-4, 42-3: a minimum value unit; 32-5: a difference portion; 32-6, 42-5: a reference value unit; 34. 35: a skill level section; 36: an axial force measuring unit; 36-1, 36-2, 36-8: an axial force sensor; 39. 40: an axial force portion; 46: ground surface; 48: a fixing flange; 50: a measurement function unit; 52: a communication unit; 54: a management workbench; 56: casters; 58: a PC;60: a data recorder; 62: a monitor; 64: a cable; 66: a picture; 68: a touch panel; 70: a processor; 72: I/O;74: a communication unit; 76: an operation input unit; 78: a light irradiation section; 80: an imaging unit; 82: an image processing section; 84: a main body portion; 86: a handle; 88: a guide; 90: a spacer.

Claims (15)

1. A sealing construction judging system for judging a construction result by a distance between faces of flanges fastened by bolts and nuts with a gasket interposed therebetween, characterized in that,
the sealing construction determination system comprises:
a seal Shi Gongbu having a flange sandwiching a gasket and fastened by a plurality of bolts and a plurality of nuts;
an inter-plane distance measuring unit that measures inter-plane distances of the flanges at a plurality of measurement sites;
an axial force measuring section that measures an axial force applied to the flange from the plurality of bolts;
a processing unit that takes in a plurality of measured values of the inter-surface distance measured by the inter-surface distance measuring unit and a plurality of measured values of the axial force measured by the axial force measuring unit at each of a plurality of stages from the start of fastening to the completion of fastening of the plurality of bolts, calculates a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the plurality of measured values of the inter-surface distance and an average value of the plurality of measured values of the axial force at each of the stages, and compares the difference and the average value with a criterion to determine a skill level; and
and an information presentation unit that presents either or both of the calculation information and the calculation result processed by the processing unit.
2. The sealing construction judgment system according to claim 1, wherein,
the processing unit calculates a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the plurality of measured values of the axial force at each stage, compares the difference in the inter-plane distance, the average value of the axial force, and the difference in the axial force with the determination criterion, and determines the skill level,
the information presentation unit presents either or both of the operation information and the operation result processed by the processing unit.
3. The sealing construction judgment system according to claim 1, wherein,
the processing unit calculates a deviation amount of the difference from a reference value, and compares the deviation amount with a determination reference to determine the skill level.
4. The sealing construction judgment system according to claim 2, wherein,
the processing unit calculates a deviation amount of the difference in the inter-surface distance or the difference in the axial force from a reference value, and compares the deviation amount with a determination reference to determine the skill level.
5. The sealing construction judgment system according to claim 1, wherein,
the processing unit performs information processing in association with at least one of a measurement location of the inter-surface distance on the flange and a fastening date and time, which is identification information.
6. A recording medium storing a program, the program being implemented by a computer, wherein,
the program is for causing the computer to realize the following functions:
taking in a plurality of measured values of the inter-surface distance of the flange at each of a plurality of stages from the start of fastening of the bolts to the completion of fastening of the seal work portion having the flange clamped with the gasket and fastened by the plurality of bolts and the plurality of nuts;
taking in a plurality of measurements of the axial force of the plurality of bolts at the stages;
calculating a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the plurality of measured values of the inter-surface distance and an average value of the plurality of measured values of the axial force at each of the stages, and comparing the difference and the average value with a determination criterion to determine a skill level; and
the processing unit generates either or both of the operation information and the operation result.
7. The recording medium storing a program according to claim 6, wherein,
in the function of determining the skill level, a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the plurality of measured values of the axial force is calculated at each stage, and the difference in the inter-plane distance, the average value of the axial force, and the difference in the axial force are compared with the determination criterion to determine the skill level.
8. The recording medium storing a program according to claim 6, wherein,
the program comprises the following functions: calculating the deviation amount of the difference from a reference value, and comparing the deviation amount with a judgment reference to judge the skill level.
9. The recording medium storing a program according to claim 7, wherein,
the program comprises the following functions: and calculating a deviation amount of the difference in the distance between the surfaces or the difference in the axial force from a reference value, and comparing the deviation amount with a determination reference to determine the skill level.
10. A method for judging a seal construction by judging a construction result by a distance between faces of flanges fastened by bolts and nuts with a gasket interposed therebetween,
the sealing construction judging method comprises the following steps:
in a seal working part having a flange clamped with a gasket and fastened by a plurality of bolts and a plurality of nuts, measuring the inter-surface distance of the flange at a plurality of measuring positions;
measuring axial forces applied to the flange from the plurality of bolts; and
and a step of taking in a plurality of measured values of the inter-surface distance and a plurality of measured values of the axial force at each of a plurality of steps from the start of fastening of the plurality of bolts to the completion of fastening, calculating a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the plurality of measured values of the inter-surface distance and an average value of the plurality of measured values of the axial force at each of the steps, and comparing the difference and the average value with a criterion to determine a skill level.
11. The method for judging whether to seal according to claim 10, wherein,
in the step of determining the skill level, a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the plurality of measured values of the axial force is calculated at each stage, and the difference in the inter-plane distance, the average value of the axial force, and the difference in the axial force are compared with the determination criterion to determine the skill level.
12. The method for judging whether to seal according to claim 10, wherein,
the sealing construction judging method comprises the following steps: calculating the deviation amount of the difference from a reference value, and comparing the deviation amount with a judgment reference to judge the skill level.
13. The method for judging whether to seal according to claim 11,
the sealing construction judging method comprises the following steps: and calculating a deviation amount of the difference in the distance between the surfaces or the difference in the axial force from a reference value, and comparing the deviation amount with a determination reference to determine the skill level.
14. A seal construction learning system for learning seal construction by using an inter-face distance between flanges which are fastened by bolts and nuts with a gasket interposed therebetween, characterized in that,
The seal construction learning system includes:
a seal Shi Gongbu having a flange sandwiching a gasket and fastened by a plurality of bolts and a plurality of nuts;
an inter-plane distance measuring unit that measures inter-plane distances of the flanges at a plurality of measurement sites;
an axial force measuring section that measures an axial force applied to the flange from the plurality of bolts;
a processing unit that takes in a plurality of measured values of the inter-surface distance measured by the inter-surface distance measuring unit and a plurality of measured values of the axial force measured by the axial force measuring unit at each of a plurality of stages from the start of fastening to the completion of fastening of the plurality of bolts, calculates a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the plurality of measured values of the inter-surface distance and an average value of the plurality of measured values of the axial force at each of the stages, and compares the difference and the average value with a criterion to determine a skill level; and
and an information presentation unit that presents either or both of the calculation information and the calculation result processed by the processing unit.
15. The seal construction learning system of claim 14 wherein,
the processing unit calculates a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the plurality of measured values of the axial force at each stage, compares the difference in the inter-plane distance, the average value of the axial force, and the difference in the axial force with the determination criterion, and determines the skill level,
The information presentation unit presents either or both of the operation information and the operation result processed by the processing unit.
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