CN112837592B - Atrial fibrillation demonstration model - Google Patents
Atrial fibrillation demonstration model Download PDFInfo
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- CN112837592B CN112837592B CN202110171535.5A CN202110171535A CN112837592B CN 112837592 B CN112837592 B CN 112837592B CN 202110171535 A CN202110171535 A CN 202110171535A CN 112837592 B CN112837592 B CN 112837592B
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- 206010003658 Atrial Fibrillation Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000002861 ventricular Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 275
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001746 atrial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 242
- 210000002837 heart atrium Anatomy 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 210000005242 cardiac chamber Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000010247 heart contraction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003205 diastolic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000002216 heart Anatomy 0.000 description 48
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010003119 arrhythmia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000006793 arrhythmia Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000005246 left atrium Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000005240 left ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001147 pulmonary artery Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000005245 right atrium Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000005241 right ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 206010003130 Arrhythmia supraventricular Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006413 Prunus persica var. persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003492 pulmonary vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008320 venous blood flow Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010047302 ventricular tachycardia Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
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Abstract
The invention discloses an atrial fibrillation demonstration model in the technical field of heart beating models, which comprises a ventricular chamber cover, wherein the outside is a closed cavity in a ventricular shape, a plurality of ventricular elastic strips are uniformly and fixedly connected to the inner wall, a ventricular limiting shaft is also fixedly arranged in the ventricular chamber cover, a ventricular contraction Zhang Lun is rotatably arranged on the ventricular limiting shaft, the other ends of the ventricular elastic strips are fixedly connected with ventricular contraction wheels, the rhythm of heart beating can be simulated, and the heart chambers and the systolic and diastolic of the heart chambers are displayed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heart beating models, in particular to an atrial fibrillation demonstration model.
Background
The heart's primary function is to power blood flow and move blood to various parts of the body. The human heart is located in the middle of the chest, to the left and below, and has a volume approximately equal to a fist size and weighs about 250 grams. The female heart is typically smaller and lighter in weight than the male heart.
The heart of a person looks like a peach, is positioned above the diaphragm, is positioned between two lungs and is far left, the heart of the person is positioned in the middle of the chest, is slightly far left and below, is conical, is approximately equal to the fist of the person in size, and is internally provided with four cavities, wherein the upper two cavities are atria, and the lower two cavities are ventricles. The diastole and systole of the atria and ventricles drive the whole body of the blood circulation.
The heart contracts and expands once, called a cardiac cycle, which includes four processes, atrial contraction, atrial relaxation, ventricular contraction and ventricular relaxation, and the normal heart beat is of fixed rhythm and sequence.
The heart beat (heart) is the beating of the heart, the right atrium accommodates systemic venous blood and pumps out the venous blood from the pulmonary artery through the right ventricle, at this time, the venous blood flows in the pulmonary artery, becomes oxygen-rich arterial blood through gas exchange in the lung, is sent to the left atrium from the pulmonary vein, and then is pumped to all tissue organs of the whole body through the aortic pump of the left ventricle to meet the requirements of normal physiological activities.
The internal pressure decreases during diastole, the vena cava blood returns to the heart, the internal pressure increases during systole, blood is pumped to the arteries, and the heart constitutes a cardiac cycle each time it contracts and relaxes. In one cardiac cycle, the two atria contract first, with the right atrium contracting slightly before the left atrium; after the atrium begins to relax, the two ventricles contract, the left ventricle contracts slightly before the right ventricle, then the ventricles relax, and the atrium begins to contract again in the later stage of ventricular relaxation; the heartbeat sequence is thus in turn: atrial contraction, atrial relaxation, ventricular contraction, ventricular relaxation, which is the cardiac cycle of a normal heart beat.
While some people have abnormal heart beat rhythms, no good way to demonstrate such beats is currently available.
Based on the above, the invention designs an atrial fibrillation demonstration model to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an atrial fibrillation demonstration model which can simulate the rhythm of heart beat and display the heart chamber and the systolic and diastolic of heart beat, is special for displaying the rhythm of atrial fibrillation, is used for simulating heart beat with different rhythms, can intuitively simulate and display atrial fibrillation, can simulate the condition of ventricular tachycardia, can display the heart beat rhythm when arrhythmia is caused by a plurality of different heart chamber and heart chamber beat rhythms, can simulate the beat with different proportions of heart chamber and heart chamber, has a complete mechanical structure, does not need a power source, does not have cardiovascular simulation, only displays the heart beat rhythm, is simpler to manufacture, is more convenient to carry, can be conveniently displayed in different places for people, and is more convenient to use.
The invention is realized in the following way: an atrial fibrillation demonstration model comprising:
the ventricular chamber cover is provided with a ventricular-shaped closed cavity, a plurality of ventricular elastic strips are uniformly and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the ventricular chamber cover, a ventricular limiting shaft is also fixedly arranged in the ventricular chamber cover, a ventricular contraction Zhang Lun is rotatably arranged on the ventricular limiting shaft, and the other ends of the ventricular elastic strips are fixedly connected with a ventricular contraction wheel;
The outer part of the atrial chamber cover is an atrial-shaped closed chamber, the inner wall of the atrial chamber cover is uniformly and fixedly connected with a plurality of atrial elastic strips, an atrial limiting shaft is also fixed in the atrial chamber cover, an atrial retraction Zhang Lun is rotatably arranged on the atrial limiting shaft, and the other ends of the atrial elastic strips are fixedly connected with an atrial retraction wheel;
The fixed shaft is a straight shaft and is fixedly arranged between the ventricular cavity cover and the atrial cavity cover;
The adjusting rod is a loop bar, is rotatably sleeved on the fixed shaft, can be inserted and extracted, is slidably arranged between the ventricular cavity cover and the atrial cavity cover, one end of the adjusting rod is arranged outside the ventricular cavity cover and the atrial cavity cover, the other end of the adjusting rod is telescopically and slidably arranged on the fixed shaft of the ventricular cavity cover and the atrial cavity cover, a plurality of groups of ventricular rotating rods and a plurality of groups of atrial rotating rods are arranged on the adjusting rod, and the plurality of groups of ventricular rotating rods and the plurality of groups of atrial rotating rods are arranged in the ventricular cavity cover and the atrial cavity cover;
the ventricular rotating rod and the atrial rotating rod are long rods with gears at the outer ends,
Both ventricular and atrial contractions Zhang Lun and Zhang Lun are gears;
each ventricular rotating rod is in detachable mutual engagement with the teeth of the ventricular opening and closing wheel, and each atrial rotating rod is in detachable mutual engagement with the teeth of the atrial opening and closing wheel;
the positions of each group of the ventricular rotating rods and each group of the atrial rotating rods are in one-to-one correspondence, the quantity proportion of the ventricular rotating rods and the atrial rotating rods in different groups is different, and when the atrial contraction Zhang Lun in each corresponding position is blocked on the rotating path of one group of the atrial rotating rods, the ventricular contraction Zhang Lun in the corresponding position is blocked on the rotating path of one group of the ventricular rotating rods in the corresponding position;
The number proportion of the ventricular rotating rods and the atrial rotating rods in different groups is different, and the angles of the ventricular rotating rods and the atrial rotating rods are irregular and encircle the rod body of the adjusting rod.
Further, the number of the ventricular rotating rods and the atrial rotating rods corresponding to the positions is not less than 3 groups, and the number proportion of the ventricular rotating rods and the atrial rotating rods in each group is fixed;
the number of the ventricular rotating rods in different groups is different, and the number of each group of ventricular rotating rods is not less than one;
and the number of the ventricular rotating rods and the atrial rotating rods of any group are different.
Further, the number of ventricular and atrial rotational levers per set is not fixed, and the ratio of the numbers of ventricular and atrial rotational levers varies from set to set.
Further, the ventricular rotating rods in the same group are intermittently and alternately positioned on the cambered surfaces of the regulating rods among the atrial rotating rods;
And the number of ventricular rotational sticks in the same group is less than the number of atrial rotational sticks.
Further, the plurality of ventricular elastic strips are tightly fixed on the inner wall of the ventricular chamber cover, and the plurality of ventricular elastic strips are tightly arranged between all beating positions of ventricles and the ventricular stretching wheel;
The plurality of the atrial elastic strips are tightly fixed on the inner wall of the atrial chamber cover, and the plurality of the atrial elastic strips are tightly arranged between all jumping positions of the atrium and the atrial expansion wheel.
Further, the ventricular elastic strip and the atrial elastic strip are strip-shaped spring pieces.
Further, the atrial pod Zhang Lun is non-slidably mounted to the atrial shaft via a bearing, and the ventricular pod Zhang Lun is non-slidably mounted to the ventricular shaft via a bearing.
Further, the adjusting rod is in transition fit with the fixed shaft.
Furthermore, the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover are all integral closed cavities made of rubber, and stainless steel reinforcing ribs are arranged at joints between the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover.
Further, the adjusting rod is arranged at one end outside the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover, a rotating handle is further fixed, the rotating handle is of a sheet structure, rhythm marks are further engraved on the adjusting rod outside the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover, and the marks of the rhythm marks correspond to the proportion of each group of ventricular rotating rods and the proportion of the atrial rotating rods one by one.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1. the invention does not use electronic products, has high reliability, is convenient to use and carry, is more applicable to the environment, and can adjust different heart beat rhythms only by shaking hands;
2. The device enables the ventricular rotating rods and the atrial rotating rods of different groups to be matched through the pulling of the adjusting rod, so that the adjustment of different beating rhythms of the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover is achieved, the device is used for simulating the beating rhythms of the atrium and the ventricle in different proportions, and further simulating the irregular beating state of the whole atrial and the ventricle, thereby achieving the purpose of displaying atrial fibrillation;
3. the device controls the fixed quantity of the atrial rotating rods for atrial beating, so that various beating rhythm changes of ventricles can be simulated when the atrial rhythm is fixed, and the atrial beating can be completed only by matching different ventricular rotating rods and only by pumping the adjusting rods, so that the device is simple to operate, and the atrial rotating rods and the ventricular rotating rods have no fixed proportion, so that the atrial fibrillation state is simulated more realistically;
4. The device uses the strip-shaped spring piece as the ventricular elastic strip and the atrial elastic strip, so that after the ventricular contraction Zhang Lun and the atrial contraction Zhang Lun are stressed and contracted, the heart beat is simulated more realistically because the external force is lost and the elasticity is relaxed, the heart beat is not required to be operated again, and the irregular heart beat can be completed only by rotating the adjusting rod, so that the operation is simple.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall external structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the adjusting lever of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the cooperation of the adjustment lever with the ventricular and atrial retraction wheels Zhang Lun and Zhang Lun of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the internal structure of the ventricular chamber cover and the atrial chamber cover with the adjustment lever removed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a different set of ventricular and atrial rotor levers of the present invention in a toggle engagement.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1-ventricular chamber cover, 11-ventricular apex Zhang Lun, 12-ventricular elastic strip, 13-ventricular restriction shaft, 2-atrial chamber cover, 21-atrial apex Zhang Lun, 22-atrial elastic strip, 23-atrial restriction shaft, 3-adjustment shaft, 31-ventricular rotation lever, 32-atrial rotation lever, 33-rotation handle, 34-heart rhythm marker, 4-stationary shaft.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a technical solution: an atrial fibrillation demonstration model comprising:
The ventricular chamber cover 1 is provided with a ventricular-shaped closed cavity at the outer part, a plurality of ventricular elastic strips 12 are uniformly and fixedly connected to the inner wall, a ventricular limiting shaft 13 is also fixedly arranged in the ventricular chamber cover, a ventricular receiving and expanding wheel 11 is rotatably arranged on the ventricular limiting shaft 13, and the other ends of the ventricular elastic strips 12 are fixedly connected with the ventricular receiving and expanding wheel 11;
The atrium cavity cover 2 is provided with an atrium-shaped closed cavity, a plurality of atrium elastic strips 22 are uniformly and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the atrium cavity cover, an atrium limiting shaft 23 is also fixedly arranged in the atrium cavity cover, an atrium stretching wheel 21 is rotatably arranged on the atrium limiting shaft 23, and the other ends of the atrium elastic strips 22 are fixedly connected with the atrium stretching wheel 21;
The fixed shaft 4 is a straight shaft and is fixedly arranged between the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2;
the adjusting rod 3 is a loop bar and is rotatably sleeved on the fixed shaft 4, the adjusting rod is capable of being inserted and pulled out and is slidably arranged between the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2, one end of the adjusting rod is arranged outside the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2, the other end of the adjusting rod is telescopically and slidably arranged on the fixed shaft 4 in the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2, a plurality of groups of ventricular rotating rods 31 and a plurality of groups of atrial rotating rods 32 are arranged on the adjusting rod, and the plurality of groups of ventricular rotating rods 31 and the plurality of groups of atrial rotating rods 32 are arranged in the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2;
The ventricular rotating lever 31 and the atrial rotating lever 32 are long levers with gears at the outer ends,
The ventricular folding wheel 11 and the atrial folding wheel 21 are gears;
each of the ventricular rotating levers 31 is detachably intermeshed with the teeth of the ventricular stretcher 11, and each of the atrial rotating levers 32 is detachably intermeshed with the teeth of the atrial stretcher 21;
The positions of each group of the ventricular rotating rods 31 and each group of the atrial rotating rods 32 are in one-to-one correspondence, and the number proportion of the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 in different groups is different, when the atrial contraction Zhang Lun 21 in each corresponding position is blocked on the rotating path of one group of the atrial rotating rods 32, the ventricular expansion wheel 11 in the corresponding position is blocked on the rotating path of the corresponding group of the ventricular rotating rods 31;
The quantity proportion of ventricular dwang 31 and atrial dwang 32 of different groups is different, just ventricular dwang 31 and atrial dwang 32 angle are irregular encircle on the body of rod of regulation pole 3, can simulate the rhythm of heart beat, and demonstrate the heart chamber of heart beat and the shrink of atrium are relaxed, this device is exclusively used in and demonstrate the rhythm of atrial fibrillation, be used for simulating the heart beat of different rhythms, can make audio-visual simulation show to atrial fibrillation, can simulate the condition that the heart chamber beats too fast, and can also demonstrate the heart beat rhythm when arrhythmia with multiple different atrium and ventricular beat rhythm, can also carry out the simulation of beating with the proportion of different atrium and ventricle simultaneously, and this device is complete mechanical structure, does not need the power supply, does not also have the simulation of heart vessel, only demonstrate the heart beat rhythm, consequently, the preparation is simpler, and is more convenient to carry, can portable demonstrates for people in different places, it is also more convenient to use.
The number of the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 corresponding to the positions is not less than 3, and the number proportion of the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 in each group is fixed;
the number of the ventricular rotating rods 31 of different groups is different, and the number of the ventricular rotating rods 31 of each group is not less than one;
The number of the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 of any group is different, and the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 can complete the contraction and relaxation rhythms by proportioning the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 of different proportions, so that the atrial fibrillation of rhythms of different heartbeats is simulated, and the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 of any group of the device are displayed as irregular heartbeats;
The number of each group of the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 is not fixed, and the number ratios of the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 in different groups are different, so that the ventricular beat rhythm of the device is irregular beat, and the atrial beat is convenient to adjust to simulate the heartbeat of the atrial fibrillation state for display;
The ventricular rotating rods 31 of the same group are intermittently and alternately arranged on the cambered surfaces of the regulating rods 3 among a plurality of atrial rotating rods 32;
The number of the ventricular rotating rods 31 in the same group is less than that of the atrial rotating rods 32, so that the pulling and elastic recovery are facilitated, the immediate diastole after the systole of the heart is simulated, the irregular intermittent beating of the atria and the ventricles is simulated, the device is not the irregular beating of the atria after the ventricular beating, the device is the irregular beating which is alternated or continuous with each other, the atrial fibrillation of different rhythms is simulated, and the atria and the ventricles are regulated and rotated by the regulating rod 3;
A plurality of ventricular elastic strips 12 are fixedly pulled on the inner wall of the ventricular chamber cover 1, and the ventricular elastic strips 12 are tightly stretched between all beating positions of ventricles and the ventricular tension wheel 11;
A plurality of the atrial elastic strips 22 are fixedly pulled on the inner wall of the atrial chamber cover 2, the atrial elastic strips 22 are tightly stretched between all beating positions of the atrium and the atrial expansion wheel 21, and the elastic ventricular elastic strips 12 and the atrial elastic strips 22 are used for pulling the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 so as to simulate the beating of the heart;
the ventricular elastic strip 12 and the atrial elastic strip 22 are strip-shaped spring pieces, so that the ventricular elastic strip is convenient to pull and elastically restore, and the ventricular elastic strip simulates the immediate diastole after the systole of the heart;
the atrial retraction wheel 21 is non-slidably arranged on the atrial limiting shaft 23 through a bearing, the ventricular retraction wheel 11 is non-slidably arranged on the ventricular limiting shaft 13 through a bearing, so that the ventricular retraction wheel Zhang Lun 21 and the ventricular retraction wheel 11 can rotate to pull the ventricular elastic strip 12 and the atrial elastic strip 22 so as to retract the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2;
The adjusting rod 3 is in transition fit with the fixed shaft 4, so that the adjusting rod 3 can be telescopically adjusted on the fixed shaft 4, the adjusting rod 3 can also rotate by taking the fixed shaft 4 as an axis, and the ventricular rotating rod 31 and the atrial rotating rod 32 can be conveniently stirred during rotation;
The ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 are all integral closed cavities made of rubber, and stainless steel reinforcing ribs are arranged at the joints between the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 and used for stably fixing the adjusting rod 3 and the fixing shaft 4 and can play a role in reinforcing the integral structure;
The adjusting rod 3 is arranged at one end outside the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2, the rotating handle 33 is of a sheet structure, the adjusting rod 3 outside the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 is also carved with a heart rhythm mark 34, the marks of the heart rhythm mark 34 are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of each group of ventricular rotating rods 31 and atrial rotating rods 32, so that the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 with the proportion can be accurately judged outside, and are butted at the atrial contraction Zhang Lun and the ventricular stretching wheel 11, so that different atrial fibrillation rhythms can be accurately adjusted, and the heart rhythm is displayed, and the beat display is ensured to be irregularly jumped.
In one embodiment of the invention:
The embodiment of the invention provides an atrial fibrillation demonstration model, which solves the technical problems that: 1. the existing heartbeat model is not provided with a fixed model with a blood vessel flow direction basically; 2. the existing heart model is only fixed, can not beat, can not fully display the heart rate and the beat rhythm, and is not convenient to display.
The technical effects are realized as follows: 1. the invention does not use electronic products, has high reliability, is convenient to use and carry, is more applicable to the environment, and can adjust different heart beat rhythms only by shaking hands;
2. the device is used for matching the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 of different groups through the drawing of the adjusting rods 3, so as to achieve the adjustment of different beating rhythms of the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2, and the device is used for simulating the beating frequencies of different proportions of an atrium and a ventricle, and further simulating the irregular beating state of the whole atrium and the ventricle, thereby achieving the purpose of displaying atrial fibrillation;
3. The device controls the number of the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 for atrial beating to be fixed, so that various irregular beating rhythm changes of the atria and the ventricles can be simulated, and the atrial beating can be completed only by matching different ventricular rotating rods 31 and only by pumping the adjusting rod 3, so that the device is simple to operate, and the atrial rotating rods 32 and the ventricular rotating rods 31 have no fixed proportion, so that the atrial beating state can be simulated more realistically;
4. The device uses the strip-shaped spring leaf as the ventricular elastic strip 12 and the atrial elastic strip 22, so that after the ventricular winding wheel 11 and the atrial winding Zhang Lun are stressed and contracted, the simulated heartbeat is more vivid because the external force is lost and the ventricular winding wheel is elastically stretched, the irregular heartbeat of the heart can be completed only by rotating the adjusting rod 3 without operating again, and the device is simple to operate.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention aims to solve the problems, and the overall thought is as follows:
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following detailed description will refer to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
When the invention is manufactured and installed, firstly, the adjusting rod 3 and the fixed shaft 4 are manufactured, the adjusting rod 3 and the fixed shaft 4 are of stainless steel structures, then, the joint between the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 is manufactured, the reinforcing ribs are reinforced by stainless steel, the joint between the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 does not need shrinkage or diastole pulling, and is a stable stainless steel frame, and then, the fixed shaft 4 is fixed on the reinforcing ribs between the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2; preferably, the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 can be mutually assembled, and when in use, the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 can be disassembled through reinforcing ribs, and the adjusting rod 3 is replaced;
Two hollow rubber capsules are made of rubber with moderate hardness and good toughness, the outer shape is made into the shape of an adult heart, the inner part is hollow, one is made into the shape of a heart chamber, namely a heart chamber cover 1, the other is made into the shape of an atrium, namely an atrium chamber cover 2, and after all parts are assembled, the heart chamber cover 1 and the atrium chamber cover 2 are stably spliced and fixed into an integral structure;
The heart in the ventricular chamber cover 1 can beat, shrink or relax the position to fix the ventricular elastic strip 12, then insert and fix a ventricular limit shaft 13 on the ventricular chamber cover 1, the ventricular limit shaft 13 does not rotate, and install a ventricular extension wheel 11 on the ventricular limit shaft 13, the ventricular extension wheel 11 can rotate and install on the ventricular limit shaft 13 through the bearing, but the ventricular extension wheel 11 can not slide on the ventricular limit shaft 13, can only fix and rotate along the axis of the ventricular limit shaft 13 in the specific position, then tighten between inner wall of the ventricular chamber cover 1 and ventricular extension wheel 11 with the ventricular elastic strip 12, make the ventricular elastic strip 12 in the diastole state of the ventricle when not stressed, and the ventricular extension wheel 11 is as shown in figure 4, the ventricular extension wheel 11 is a gear, can rotate with the ventricular adjusting rod 31 in a meshed manner;
The atrial chamber cover 2 has the same internal structure as the ventricular chamber cover 1, as shown in fig. 2, and the structures of the atrial contraction Zhang Lun, the atrial elastic strip 22 and the atrial stopper shaft 23 are the same as the internal structure of the ventricular chamber cover 1, so that when the atrial elastic strip 22 is not subjected to external force, the atrium is in a diastole state, and when the atrial elastic strip 22 is pulled by force, the outside of the atrial chamber cover 2 is in a contraction state;
Then a fixed shaft 4 is inserted and fixed between the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2, one end of the fixed shaft is fixed inside the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2, the other end of the fixed shaft is suspended, an adjusting rod 3 is inserted through the suspended end of the fixed shaft 4, the adjusting rod 3 is a sleeve rod, the adjusting rod 3 can slide along the axis of the fixed shaft 4, and meanwhile, the adjusting rod 3 can rotate along the fixed shaft 4;
The adjusting lever 3 is provided with 4 groups of ventricular rotating rods 31 and atrial rotating rods 32, the positions of each group of ventricular rotating rods 31 and atrial rotating rods 32 are fixed, when the ventricular rotating rods 31 of the same group are in butt joint with the ventricular folding wheel 11 and can be rotationally meshed with each other, the atrial rotating rods 32 of the same group are exactly corresponding to the positions of the atrial folding wheel 21, at the moment, the atrial rotating rods 32 and the atrial folding wheel 21 can be mutually hooked and separated, and as shown in fig. 2 and 5, the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 of different groups are respectively mutually hooked and driven with the ventricular folding wheel 11 and the atrial folding wheel 21;
And the numbers of the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 of different groups are different in proportion, as shown in fig. 3, the number of the ventricular rotating rods 31 of the leftmost first group is 1, and the number of the atrial rotating rods 32 of the first group is 2; the ventricular rotational levers 31 of the second group are 2, and the atrial rotational levers 32 of the second group are 5 in number; the third group of ventricular rotational levers 31 is 3, and the third group of atrial rotational levers 32 is 7 in number; not shown in this figure, the number of ventricular rotational levers 31 of the fourth group may be increased to 4, and the number of atrial rotational levers 32 of the fourth group is increased to 9; in this way, the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 of different groups are matched with the ventricular folding wheel 11 and the atrial folding wheel 21 to achieve different proportion of rotating speeds, namely, atrial fibrillation of different frequencies of the heart is achieved, the number of the ventricular rotating rods 31 is always smaller than that of the atrial rotating rods 32, each time the adjusting rod 3 rotates for one circle, the beating times of the atrial chamber cover 2 are larger than that of the ventricular chamber cover 1, the device needs to achieve irregular beating of the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 through the position of the adjusting rod 3, irregular beating of ventricles and atria can be displayed intuitively, and meanwhile, the ventricular beating speed is much slower than that of atrial beating, and the differentiation of ventricular beating speed and atrial beating speed is achieved through the number ratio of the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 during manufacturing;
One end of the adjusting lever 3 is inserted into the fixed shaft 3, all the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 are positioned inside the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2, the other end of the adjusting lever 3 is positioned outside the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 and is used for manually rotating and pulling the adjusting lever 3, a rotating handle 33 is further arranged at one end of the adjusting lever 3 outside the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2, different proportions of heart rhythm marks 34 are also seal-cut on the outer end of the adjusting lever 3, each heart rhythm mark corresponds to the positions of each group of the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 one by one, for example, when a third group of the ventricular rotating rods 31 and the atrial rotating rods 32 are respectively meshed and butted with the ventricular expansion wheel 11 and the atrial expansion wheel 21, and the third heart rhythm marks 34 are exactly aligned with the outer edges of the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2 as shown in fig. 2;
likewise, when the first set of ventricular and atrial rotational levers 31, 32 are engaged in abutment, the first heart rhythm mark 34 is aligned with the outer edges of the ventricular chamber cover 1 and the atrial chamber cover 2, and all heart rhythm marks 34 are graduated, and the marks are rotated when the ventricular and atrial rotational levers 31, 32 are engaged with the ventricular and atrial retraction wheels 11, zhang Lun, 21, respectively.
When the invention is used, when the most basic atrial fibrillation rhythm is needed to be displayed, the simplest atrial fibrillation is atrial stripe twice, and the ventricles beat once, the adjusting rod 3 is pulled first and pulled out until the number ratio of the ventricular rotating rod 31 to the atrial rotating rod 32 in the first group is 1:2 as shown in fig. 5; the regulating lever 3 rotates continuously, the atrial rotating rod 32 engages with the gear of the atrial expansion wheel 21, the atrial contraction Zhang Lun rotates on the atrial limiting shaft 23 to pull all the atrial elastic strips 22, the atrial elastic strips 22 pull the atrial chamber cover 2 to shrink the atrial chamber cover 2, the atrial chamber cover 2 is shown to shrink from the outside, when the regulating lever 3 rotates continuously, the atrial rotating rod 32 is separated from the atrial expansion wheel 21 excessively, the atrial elastic strips 22 restore to the original position, the atrial chamber cover 2 returns to the diastole state, and then the gear of the atrial expansion wheel 21 rotates once again under the engagement rotation of the continuous second atrial rotating rod 32, and at the moment, the atrial chamber cover 2 contracts and expands again;
The ventricular rotating rod 31 and the atrial rotating rod 32 are respectively in butt joint with the ventricular folding wheel 11 and the atrial folding wheel 21, then the adjusting rod 3 is rotated, the adjusting rod 3 rotates on the fixed shaft 4, when the ventricular rotating rod 31 is meshed with the ventricular folding wheel 11 for rotation, the ventricular folding wheel 11 rotates on the ventricular limiting shaft 13 for a certain radian, the ventricular limiting shaft 13 rotates to pull the ventricular elastic strip 12, the ventricular elastic strip 12 contracts and pulls the ventricular chamber cover 1, so that the ventricular chamber cover 1 externally looks as contracting once, then the ventricular rotating rod 31 is quickly and excessively separated from the ventricular folding wheel 11, the ventricular elastic strip 12 is not pulled by external force, and the ventricular chamber cover 1 is restored to the original diastole position by elasticity, so that the device completes contraction and diastole of a ventricular;
thus, two atrial contractions and contractions are completed, with less than 0.2 seconds of interval followed by one ventricular to systolic relaxation, thus completing the most basic 1:2 atrial fibrillation display, with little time gap for continuous beating of the atrium, and with short intervals for atrial to ventricular beating.
When a more complex atrial fibrillation rhythm needs to be displayed, other groups of the atrial rotating rods 32 and the ventricular rotating rods 31 are arranged irregularly on the axis of the regulating rod 3, as shown in fig. 3, some atrial rotating rods 32 are arranged above the axis of the regulating rod 3, other atrial rotating rods 32 are arranged below the axis of the regulating rod 3, and all cambered surfaces of the regulating rod 3 where the ventricular rotating rods 31 are arranged are irregular;
similarly, when the different sets of ventricular rotating levers 31 and atrial rotating levers 32 are abutted on the ventricular and atrial expansion wheels 11 and 21, as shown in fig. 2, the third set of ventricular rotating levers 31 and atrial rotating levers 32 are abutted on the ventricular and atrial expansion wheels 11 and 21, respectively, when the regulating lever 3 rotates, the ventricular chamber cover 1 contracts and expands at least twice, and the atrial chamber cover 2 contracts and expands 4-5 times under the meshing rotation of the four or five atrial rotating levers 32, forming a cardiac rhythm of 1-2 beats first, the ventricle beats again 1 time, continuing to rotate the regulating lever 3, the atrium beats again 3-4 times, and then the ventricle beats again 2 times, forming an irregular frequency exhibiting a cardiac rhythm of an atrial fibrillation state, and further achieving a different ratio of regulation by the ratio of the different sets of ventricular rotating levers 31 and atrial rotating levers 32, thereby achieving an irregular atrial fibrillation state, and performing a simulation.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations of the invention in light of the spirit of the invention will be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An atrial fibrillation demonstration model comprising:
The ventricular chamber cover (1) is provided with a ventricular-shaped closed cavity, a plurality of ventricular elastic strips (12) are uniformly and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the ventricular chamber cover, a ventricular limiting shaft (13) is also fixedly arranged in the ventricular chamber cover, a ventricular receiver Zhang Lun (11) is rotatably arranged on the ventricular limiting shaft (13), and the other ends of the ventricular elastic strips (12) are fixedly connected with a ventricular receiver Zhang Lun (11);
The atrial chamber cover (2) is provided with an atrial-shaped closed cavity, a plurality of atrial elastic strips (22) are uniformly and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the atrial chamber cover, an atrial limiting shaft (23) is also fixedly arranged in the atrial chamber cover, an atrial contraction Zhang Lun (21) is rotatably arranged on the atrial limiting shaft (23), and the other ends of the atrial elastic strips (22) are fixedly connected with the atrial contraction Zhang Lun (21);
The fixed shaft (4) is a straight shaft and is fixedly arranged between the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2);
The adjusting rod (3) is a loop bar, is rotatably sleeved on the fixed shaft (4), can be inserted and pulled out, is slidably arranged between the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2), one end of the adjusting rod is arranged outside the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2), the other end of the adjusting rod is telescopically and slidably arranged on the fixed shaft (4) in the inner cavities of the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2), a plurality of groups of ventricular rotating rods (31) and a plurality of groups of atrial rotating rods (32) are arranged on the adjusting rod, and the plurality of groups of ventricular rotating rods (31) and the plurality of groups of atrial rotating rods (32) are arranged in the inner cavities of the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2);
The ventricular rotating rod (31) and the atrial rotating rod (32) are long rods with gears at the outer ends,
The ventricular harvest Zhang Lun (11) and the atrial harvest Zhang Lun (21) are both gears;
Each of the ventricular rotating levers (31) is detachably intermeshed with teeth of the ventricular harvest Zhang Lun (11), and each of the atrial rotating levers (32) is detachably intermeshed with teeth of the atrial harvest Zhang Lun (21);
The positions of each group of the ventricular rotating rods (31) and each group of the atrial rotating rods (32) are in one-to-one correspondence, and the number proportion of the ventricular rotating rods (31) and the atrial rotating rods (32) of different groups is different, when the atrial contraction Zhang Lun (21) at each corresponding position is blocked on the rotating path of one group of the atrial rotating rods (32), the ventricular contraction Zhang Lun (11) at the corresponding position is blocked on the rotating path of one group of the ventricular rotating rods (31) at the corresponding position;
The number proportion of the ventricular rotating rods (31) and the atrial rotating rods (32) in different groups is different, and the ventricular rotating rods (31) and the atrial rotating rods (32) are irregularly arranged on the rod body of the adjusting rod (3) in a surrounding mode;
The number of the ventricular rotating rods (31) and the atrial rotating rods (32) which are corresponding to each other in position is not less than 3 groups, and the number proportion of the ventricular rotating rods (31) and the atrial rotating rods (32) in each group is fixed;
The number of the ventricular rotating rods (31) of different groups is different, and the number of the ventricular rotating rods (31) of each group is not less than one;
The number of the ventricular rotating rods (31) and the number of the atrial rotating rods (32) in any group are different;
a plurality of ventricular elastic strips (12) are fixedly pulled on the inner wall of the ventricular chamber cover (1), and the ventricular elastic strips (12) are tightly stretched between all beating positions of ventricles and ventricular contractions Zhang Lun (11);
a plurality of the atrial elastic strips (22) are fixedly fastened on the inner wall of the atrial chamber cover (2), and the atrial elastic strips (22) are tightly stretched between all jumping positions of the atrium and the atrial contraction Zhang Lun (21).
2. An atrial fibrillation demonstration model as in claim 1, wherein: the number of ventricular rotational levers (31) and atrial rotational levers (32) in each group is not fixed, and the ratio of the numbers of ventricular rotational levers (31) and atrial rotational levers (32) in different groups is also different.
3. An atrial fibrillation demonstration model as in claim 1, wherein: the ventricular rotating rods (31) of the same group are intermittently and alternately arranged on the cambered surfaces of the regulating rods (3) among the atrial rotating rods (32);
and the number of ventricular rotational levers (31) in the same group is less than the number of atrial rotational levers (32).
4. An atrial fibrillation demonstration model as in claim 1, wherein: the ventricular elastic strip (12) and the atrial elastic strip (22) are strip-shaped spring pieces.
5. An atrial fibrillation demonstration model as in claim 1, wherein: the atrial pod Zhang Lun (21) is non-slidably mounted on the atrial shaft (23) via a bearing, and the ventricular pod Zhang Lun (11) is non-slidably mounted on the ventricular shaft (13) via a bearing.
6. An atrial fibrillation demonstration model as in claim 1, wherein: the adjusting rod (3) is in transition fit with the fixed shaft (4).
7. An atrial fibrillation demonstration model as in claim 1, wherein: the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2) are all integral closed cavities made of rubber, and stainless steel reinforcing ribs are arranged at joints between the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2).
8. An atrial fibrillation demonstration model as in claim 2, wherein: the adjustable rod (3) is arranged at one end outside the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2), a rotating handle (33) is further fixed, the rotating handle (33) is of a sheet structure, rhythm marks (34) are further engraved on the adjustable rod (3) outside the ventricular chamber cover (1) and the atrial chamber cover (2), and the marks of the rhythm marks (34) are in one-to-one correspondence with the proportion of each group of ventricular rotating rods (31) and atrial rotating rods (32).
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