CN112836345A - Overvoltage simulation method for switching reactor of circuit breaker - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an overvoltage simulation method for a switching reactor of a circuit breaker, which comprises the following steps: acquiring parameters of a circuit breaker, a reactor and a line; the method comprises the steps that a PSCAD is utilized to build a circuit simulation model comprising a power supply, a circuit breaker, a reactor and a circuit, the circuit breaker simulation model adopts a BRK module and a model module in ATP of internal devices of the PSCAD, the switching period time of the BRK module is set to be ideal, the break resistance is 1 MOmega, the model module in ATP and a control circuit are switched on and off, through Fortran language programming, three input quantities of the model module are set to be the voltage at two ends of the circuit breaker, the current flowing through the circuit breaker and the change rate of the current to the time respectively, and the breakdown voltage, the shutoff value and the arc extinguishing capacity of the circuit breaker are reflected; an output quantity is set through the model module, the BRK module is controlled to be opened or closed, and the working characteristics of the circuit breaker are realized; according to the operation overvoltage characteristics generated when the built model simulation reactor is switched, simulation analysis is carried out respectively aiming at different switching time and different cut-off current of the circuit breaker, and the overvoltage characteristics are recorded and analyzed.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power equipment fault diagnosis, in particular to an overvoltage simulation method for a switching reactor of a circuit breaker.
Background
The transformer substation is a place for converting voltage and current, receiving electric energy and distributing electric energy, is a main link between a user and a power supply period, plays an important role in a power supply process, has a problem of influence in an operation process, and has a great influence on the normal operation of the whole power supply system. The equipment in the transformer substation mainly comprises a transformer, a high-voltage circuit breaker, an isolating switch, a bus, a lightning arrester, a capacitor, a reactor and the like, and faults of the equipment sometimes occur. The insulation fault of the dry-type air-core reactor is a common fault, and the dry-type air-core reactor insulation fault is directly connected with the switching overvoltage of the dry-type air-core reactor insulation fault.
Although the overvoltage field test of the dry-type air-core reactor can effectively obtain the switching operation transient overvoltage waveform, the field test has high requirements and is difficult to develop. Therefore, the research on the transient overvoltage of the switching operation of the reactor is mainly based on computer simulation at present.
At present, ATP-EMTP is most widely applied in electromagnetic transient simulation software, researchers at home and abroad do a great deal of research work on ATP-EMTP for many years, good application experience and actual inspection effects are achieved, and ATP-EMTP programs have strong convenience and feasibility and are suitable for analyzing and calculating transient characteristics and influence factors of switching operation of transformer substations.
Compared with experimental research, simulation analysis has unique advantages, however, the transient operation process of the reactor is complex, the influence factors are numerous, the influence of various factors needs to be well considered in simulation calculation, and many difficulties exist, and effective system parameters and model construction are important factors influencing the accuracy of simulation results.
The existing circuit breaker model adopted in the simulation of the dry-type air-core reactor operating overvoltage is a PSCAD (power system computer aided design) self-contained circuit breaker element, so that the on-off condition of the circuit breaker is more ideal, and the real overvoltage characteristic is difficult to obtain according to the simulation result.
Therefore, the overvoltage simulation method for the switching reactor of the circuit breaker is provided, the real condition of the circuit breaker on/off can be simulated to the maximum extent, and the fact that the real overvoltage characteristic is obtained according to the simulation result is the main problem needing to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an overvoltage simulation method for a switching reactor of a circuit breaker, which solves the problem that real overvoltage characteristics are difficult to obtain according to simulation results due to the fact that the on-off conditions of the circuit breaker are ideal.
The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
the invention provides an overvoltage simulation method for a switching reactor of a circuit breaker, which comprises the following steps:
s01: acquiring system parameters including parameters of a circuit breaker, a reactor and a line;
s02: according to the parameters, a simulation model comprising a power supply, a circuit breaker, a reactor and the equivalent impedance of the circuit thereof is built by utilizing PSCAD,
wherein, the simulation model of the circuit breaker comprises a BRK module and an ATP model module which are internal devices of PSCAD, the switching period time of the BRK module is set to be ideal, the cut-off resistance is 1 MOmega,
for a model module in the ATP, the model module is used for controlling the on-off of a circuit, and through Fortran language programming, three input quantities of the model module are set to be the voltage at two ends of a circuit breaker, the current flowing through the circuit breaker and the time change rate of the current, and the breakdown voltage, the shutoff value and the arc extinguishing capability of the circuit breaker are respectively reflected;
an output quantity is set through the model module to control the BRK module to be opened or closed, so that the working characteristics of the circuit breaker are realized;
s03: according to the operation overvoltage characteristics generated when the built power supply, the circuit breaker, the reactor and the simulation model of the equivalent impedance of the circuit are used for simulating the switching of the reactor, simulation analysis is carried out on the circuit breaker for different switching time and different cut-off currents respectively, and the overvoltage characteristics are recorded and analyzed.
Further, the breaker parameters include: cutoff characteristic, breakdown characteristic, high-frequency arc quenching capability, rated voltage, switching-on speed, switching-off time and service life.
Further, the reactor parameters include: equivalent inductance, equivalent capacitance, stray capacitance, and equivalent resistance.
Further, the line parameters include: stray capacitance, stray inductance, power supply equivalent internal impedance.
Further, the settings in the simulation model are: and a three-phase power supply is arranged on the bus side, is connected with a circuit breaker and is connected with a three-phase dry type air-core reactor through a circuit, and the connection mode of the three-phase dry type air-core reactor is that the center point is not grounded.
Further, the generating line side sets up three-phase power, is connected with the circuit breaker, is connected with three-phase dry-type air core reactor through the circuit again, and the connected mode of three-phase dry-type air core reactor is that the central point is ungrounded, includes:
the bus side sets up three-phase 28.6kV power, links power and circuit breaker through 2mL line inductance, and the circuit breaker front end sets up 1 mu F equivalent capacitance and 10 omega damping resistance, concatenates 10 mu F lead wire inductance between reactor and the circuit breaker, and the reactor adopts 96k omega resistance, 63.145mH inductance and 131 pF's electric capacity to connect in parallel to form, and both ends connect in parallel 100 pF's stray capacitance to ground.
Further, the model module is used for simulating the restrike and arc extinguishing capability of the circuit breaker.
Further, the on-off condition of the circuit breaker is as follows: and the on-off of the circuit breaker are determined according to three indexes of the voltage difference between two ends of the circuit breaker, the shutoff value and the current of the circuit breaker and the high-frequency arc extinguishing capability.
The technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an overvoltage simulation method for a switching reactor of a circuit breaker, which comprises the following steps: acquiring system parameters including parameters of a circuit breaker, a reactor and a line; according to the parameters, a simulation model comprising a power supply, a circuit breaker, a reactor and a circuit equivalent impedance is built by utilizing a PSCAD (power system computer aided design), wherein the simulation model of the circuit breaker comprises a BRK module and a model module in ATP (automatic train protection), the switching period time of the BRK module is set to be ideal, the break resistance of the BRK module is 1M omega, the model module in ATP is used for controlling the break of a circuit, the Fortran language programming is adopted, three input quantities of the model module are respectively the voltage at two ends of the circuit breaker, the current flowing through the circuit breaker and the change rate of the current to the time, the breakdown voltage, the shutoff value and the arc extinguishing capacity of the circuit breaker are respectively reflected, the output quantity is set through the model module, the break or the close of the BRK module is controlled, and the working characteristics of the; according to the operation overvoltage characteristics generated when the built power supply, the circuit breaker, the reactor and the simulation model of the equivalent impedance of the circuit are used for simulating the switching of the reactor, simulation analysis is carried out on the circuit breaker for different switching time and different cut-off currents respectively, and the overvoltage characteristics are recorded and analyzed.
The invention establishes the circuit breaker simulation model and the whole simulation model, and the method can analyze the operation overvoltage generated by the reactor side when the circuit breaker switches the reactor, thereby formulating corresponding measures, and preventing the reactor from being damaged due to the fact that the operation overvoltage is too high and no corresponding protective measures exist, even preventing the reactor from generating turn-to-turn short circuit fault due to the operation overvoltage to cause fire.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a simulation model of an overvoltage simulation method for a switching reactor of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit breaker model of an overvoltage simulation method for a switching reactor of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a work flow of a circuit breaker control module of the overvoltage simulation method for the switching reactor of the circuit breaker according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following examples do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. But merely as exemplifications of systems and methods consistent with certain aspects of the application, as recited in the claims.
In order to express the invention more clearly, the invention is further explained by taking the BKDK-35/20000 dry-type air-core reactor as a specific model for simulation.
The application provides an overvoltage simulation method for a switching reactor of a circuit breaker, which comprises the following steps:
s01: acquiring system parameters including parameters of a circuit breaker, a reactor and a line;
wherein the circuit breaker parameters include: cutoff characteristic, breakdown characteristic, high-frequency arc quenching capability, rated voltage, switching-on speed, switching-off time and service life.
The reactor parameters include: equivalent inductance, equivalent capacitance, stray capacitance, and equivalent resistance.
The line parameters include: stray capacitance, stray inductance, power supply equivalent internal impedance.
S02: according to the parameters obtained in the step S01, a simulation model including a power supply (the power supply can be regarded as an ideal voltage source, only voltage level parameters corresponding to the reactor are needed, and generally not obtained), the circuit breaker, the reactor and circuit equivalent impedance of the reactor is built by utilizing a PSCAD, and a circuit schematic diagram of the simulation model is shown in figure 1;
the settings in the simulation model are: and a three-phase power supply is arranged on the bus side, is connected with a circuit breaker and is connected with a three-phase dry type air-core reactor through a circuit, and the connection mode of the three-phase dry type air-core reactor is that the center point is not grounded.
As shown in fig. 2, the simulation model of the circuit breaker specifically includes:
the simulation model of the circuit breaker comprises a BRK module and an ATP model module which are internal devices of the PSCAD, the switching period of the BRK module is set to be ideal, the breaking resistance of the BRK module is 1 MOmega,
for a model module in the ATP, the model module is used for controlling the on-off of a circuit, and through Fortran language programming, three input quantities of the model module are set to be the voltage at two ends of a circuit breaker, the current flowing through the circuit breaker and the time change rate of the current, and the breakdown voltage, the shutoff value and the arc extinguishing capability of the circuit breaker are respectively reflected;
an output quantity is set through the model module to control the BRK module to be opened or closed, and the working characteristics of the circuit breaker are achieved.
Further, in the present embodiment, the model module is used for simulating the restrike and arc extinguishing capability of the circuit breaker.
Meanwhile, in this step, the on-off condition of the circuit breaker is: and the on-off of the circuit breaker are determined according to three indexes of the voltage difference between two ends of the circuit breaker, the shutoff value and the current of the circuit breaker and the high-frequency arc extinguishing capability.
In this embodiment, the switching operation time of the circuit breaker is denoted as T0The power supply side voltage is recorded as U1And the load side voltage is denoted as U2Breakdown voltage is denoted as UbCutoff value is denoted as I0The high frequency arc quenching capability is denoted as f and the current through the circuit breaker is denoted as i. A schematic of the workflow for defining the circuit breaker control module is shown in fig. 3, wherein the parameters are set according to LTB40.5/D1 type circuit breaker parameters. The method is characterized in that the circuit breaker is switched on and off by utilizing Fortran language programming to simulate the arc condition in the working process, and the Fortran code is as follows:
s03: according to the operation overvoltage characteristics generated when the built power supply, the circuit breaker, the reactor and the circuit equivalent impedance simulation model simulate the switching of a 35kV dry-type air reactor, simulation analysis is carried out respectively aiming at different switching time and different cut-off currents of the circuit breaker, and the overvoltage characteristics are recorded and analyzed.
Specifically, in step S02, the settings in the simulation model are:
the bus side sets up three-phase 28.6kV power, links power and circuit breaker through 2mL line inductance, and the circuit breaker front end sets up 1 mu F equivalent capacitance and 10 omega damping resistance, concatenates 10 mu F lead wire inductance between reactor and the circuit breaker, and the reactor adopts 96k omega resistance, 63.145mH inductance and 131 pF's electric capacity to connect in parallel to form, and both ends connect in parallel 100 pF's stray capacitance to ground.
In step S03, recording and analyzing the overvoltage characteristic specifically includes:
first, the relationship between the operation time difference and the overvoltage is analyzed. The action time difference and the time difference between the switching operation command issued by the circuit breaker and the time when the three-phase current reaches the zero crossing point for the first time. When the cut-off current is set to be 2A and 10A respectively, the action time difference is from 0.2ms to 3ms, and 16 time points are inserted in the middle for simulation.
Secondly, the relation between the cut-off current and the overvoltage is analyzed. When the action time difference is set to be 0.8ms and 1.5ms respectively, the cut-off current is from 0 to 45A, and 22 current values are inserted in the middle for simulation.
According to the simulation result, the following results are obtained:
1. the cutoff currents are respectively fixed to be 1A and 10A, the length of the action time difference of the circuit breaker is changed, and the overvoltage type and the overvoltage level change are observed. When the cut-off current is 1A and the action time difference is not more than 0.8ms, the overvoltage type is the re-ignition overvoltage, and the overvoltage level is stabilized at 1.2 p.u.; with the increase of the action difference time, the overvoltage type enters a transition region, and an unsteady state (namely, the restrike overvoltage and the cut-off overvoltage can be generated) can be generated in the multiple simulation results, and the average overvoltage level is slightly higher than the restrike overvoltage level; when the action time difference is larger than 1.4ms, the overvoltage type is stabilized to cut-off overvoltage, and the overvoltage level is gradually reduced from 1.6p.u. to 1.2p.u. and is finally stabilized to 1.2p.u.
2. When the cut-off current is 10A, the transition region is obviously narrowed, the action time difference of the reignition overvoltage region is required to be not more than 1ms, and is increased by 0.2ms compared with the cut-off current 1A, which indicates that the reignition overvoltage region is lengthened, and the voltage level of the reignition overvoltage is also increased to 5 p.u.. And the overvoltage rise of the transition region is obvious and is increased to 8p.u., while the overvoltage cut-off time is almost unchanged, the action time difference is required to be not less than 1.2ms, and the overvoltage level is firstly low and then high and finally stabilizes to 4.2p.u.
3. The action time difference is respectively fixed to be 0.5ms and 1.5ms, and the overvoltage types of the two action time differences are respectively the re-ignition overvoltage and the cut-off overvoltage when the cut-off current is 0-40A. When the cut-off current is less than 2A, the phase A re-ignition overvoltage level is slightly higher than the B, C two-phase overvoltage level; when the cut-off current is 2A-6A, the A-phase re-ignition overvoltage level is consistent with the B, C two-phase overvoltage level; when the cut-off current is 6A-30A, the overvoltage level of the C phase begins to generate a saturation phenomenon, and nonlinear increase occurs, and the overvoltage level is lower than that of A, B two phases. When the cut-off current is larger than 30A, the C-phase overvoltage reaches the maximum value.
4. Statistical data show that the circuit breaker shut-off levels are mostly (over 95%) below 15A, and since the reignition overvoltage is typically higher than the cut-off overvoltage, analyzing the overvoltage level at the cut-off current level of 15A using the reignition overvoltage, it can be seen that the overvoltage is typically less than 7p.u. (200 kV).
The invention provides an effective over-voltage simulation method for a 35kV dry-type air-core reactor switched by a circuit breaker, which is used for establishing a circuit breaker simulation model and an integral simulation model, and can analyze the operation over-voltage generated on the side of the reactor when the circuit breaker switches the reactor, so that corresponding measures are formulated, and the phenomenon that the reactor is damaged due to the fact that no corresponding protection measures exist because of overhigh operation over-voltage, and even the reactor generates turn-to-turn short circuit fault due to the operation over-voltage, so that fire disasters are caused is. The method lays a foundation for guaranteeing the safe operation of the reactor, and is simple, reliable and easy to operate.
The embodiments provided in the present application are only a few examples of the general concept of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application. Any other embodiments extended according to the scheme of the present application without inventive efforts will be within the scope of protection of the present application for a person skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. An overvoltage simulation method for a switching reactor of a circuit breaker is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s01: acquiring system parameters including parameters of a circuit breaker, a reactor and a line;
s02: according to the parameters, a simulation model comprising a power supply, a circuit breaker, a reactor and the equivalent impedance of the circuit thereof is built by utilizing PSCAD,
wherein, the simulation model of the circuit breaker comprises a BRK module and an ATP model module which are internal devices of PSCAD, the switching period time of the BRK module is set to be ideal, the cut-off resistance is 1 MOmega,
for a model module in the ATP, the model module is used for controlling the on-off of a circuit, and through Fortran language programming, three input quantities of the model module are set to be the voltage at two ends of a circuit breaker, the current flowing through the circuit breaker and the time change rate of the current, and the breakdown voltage, the shutoff value and the arc extinguishing capability of the circuit breaker are respectively reflected;
an output quantity is set through the model module to control the BRK module to be opened or closed, so that the working characteristics of the circuit breaker are realized;
s03: according to the operation overvoltage characteristics generated when the built power supply, the circuit breaker, the reactor and the simulation model of the equivalent impedance of the circuit are used for simulating the switching of the reactor, simulation analysis is carried out on the circuit breaker for different switching time and different cut-off currents respectively, and the overvoltage characteristics are recorded and analyzed.
2. The circuit breaker switching reactor overvoltage simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the circuit breaker parameters include: cutoff characteristic, breakdown characteristic, high-frequency arc quenching capability, rated voltage, switching-on speed, switching-off time and service life.
3. The circuit breaker switching reactor overvoltage simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the reactor parameters include: equivalent inductance, equivalent capacitance, stray capacitance, and equivalent resistance.
4. The circuit breaker switching reactor overvoltage simulation method according to claim 1, wherein the line parameters include: stray capacitance, stray inductance, power supply equivalent internal impedance.
5. The overvoltage simulation method of the circuit breaker switching reactor according to claim 1, wherein the settings in the simulation model are as follows: and a three-phase power supply is arranged on the bus side, is connected with a circuit breaker and is connected with a three-phase dry type air-core reactor through a circuit, and the connection mode of the three-phase dry type air-core reactor is that the center point is not grounded.
6. The overvoltage simulation method of the circuit breaker switching reactor according to claim 5, wherein a three-phase power supply is arranged on a bus side, connected with the circuit breaker and then connected with the three-phase dry type air-core reactor through a line, and the connection mode of the three-phase dry type air-core reactor is that a central point is not grounded, comprising:
the bus side sets up three-phase 28.6kV power, links power and circuit breaker through 2mL line inductance, and the circuit breaker front end sets up 1 mu F equivalent capacitance and 10 omega damping resistance, concatenates 10 mu F lead wire inductance between reactor and the circuit breaker, and the reactor adopts 96k omega resistance, 63.145mH inductance and 131 pF's electric capacity to connect in parallel to form, and both ends connect in parallel 100 pF's stray capacitance to ground.
7. The overvoltage simulation method of the circuit breaker switching reactor according to claim 1, wherein the model module is used for simulating the reignition and arc extinguishing capabilities of the circuit breaker.
8. The overvoltage simulation method of the switching reactor of the circuit breaker according to claim 7, wherein the switching condition of the circuit breaker is as follows:
and the on-off of the circuit breaker are determined according to three indexes of the voltage difference between two ends of the circuit breaker, the shutoff value and the current of the circuit breaker and the high-frequency arc extinguishing capability.
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