CN112832993B - Position exchange type deloading oil well pump - Google Patents

Position exchange type deloading oil well pump Download PDF

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CN112832993B
CN112832993B CN202110024417.1A CN202110024417A CN112832993B CN 112832993 B CN112832993 B CN 112832993B CN 202110024417 A CN202110024417 A CN 202110024417A CN 112832993 B CN112832993 B CN 112832993B
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pump
oil inlet
oil
discharge valve
valve assembly
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CN112832993A (en
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杨志
康露
陈勇
柳兵
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Southwest Petroleum University
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Southwest Petroleum University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B47/00—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/06—Venting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/1002—Ball valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/12—Valves; Arrangement of valves arranged in or on pistons
    • F04B53/125—Reciprocating valves
    • F04B53/126—Ball valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/16—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder liners or heads; Fluid connections

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a position-exchange type load-shedding oil well pump which comprises a pump cylinder, an upper plunger and a lower plunger, wherein the upper plunger and the lower plunger are positioned in the pump cylinder and are connected through a plunger connector; the pump also comprises an oil inlet valve assembly connected in the lower plunger and a discharge valve assembly arranged at the bottom of the pump cylinder; the bottom of the pump barrel is closed, a first oil inlet is formed in the side wall of the pump barrel, a second oil inlet is formed in the plunger connecting head, the first oil inlet is communicated with the second oil inlet, and the second oil inlet is communicated with a pump cavity above the oil inlet valve assembly; one end of the discharge valve assembly is connected with the pump cavity below the oil inlet valve assembly, and the other end of the discharge valve assembly is communicated with the oil pipe. The invention provides a position exchange type deloading oil well pump, which aims to solve the problems that a suspension point load is too large and air cannot be prevented when a large pump deeply pumps in the prior art, and achieve the purposes of effectively reducing the suspension point load, avoiding the concentration of air in the pump and preventing air lock.

Description

Position exchange type deloading oil well pump
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil extraction engineering, in particular to a position exchange type load-shedding oil well pump.
Background
In a production system of an oil pumping machine, in order to reduce the load of a suspension point and enable the load of the oil pumping machine and the strength of a sucker rod to meet the oil pumping requirement, deep pumping by a small pump is a common consensus. However, at present, more and more deep and ultra-deep oil reservoirs are available, for example, a certain oil field in a Tarim basin, the burial depth of the oil reservoirs exceeds 8000m, the pump hanging depth exceeds 3000m and the discharge capacity is 100m in the actual production process3The practical requirement of/d, namely the deep pumping of the small pump cannot meet the actual production requirement. The oil well pump needs to realize 100m3The pump diameter of the displacement about/d is more than or equal to 70mm, under the condition, if the pump hanging depth is more than or equal to 3000m, the suspension point load is extremely large, and the existing pump has the defects that the pump has large suspension point load and the likeThe pumping unit and the sucker rod can not meet the requirements.
The suspension point load mainly comprises a rod column load (weight), a liquid column load and an inertia load, wherein the rod column load can be properly reduced by adopting a glass fiber reinforced plastic sucker rod and the like, and the inertia load can be properly reduced by optimizing pumping parameters and the type of the pumping unit (such as a belt type pumping unit and a linear motor pumping unit). For a conventional oil well pump, a liquid column load acts on a suspension point to increase the suspension point load in the process of upward stroke, and the larger the pump diameter is, the larger the lower pump depth is, the larger the liquid column load is. If a phi 70 conventional oil well pump and a pump hanging depth of 3000m are adopted, the maximum liquid column load of the upper stroke can reach about 13t, and if the load is directly loaded on a suspension point, the load and the strength of the sucker rod of the existing oil well pump can obviously not be met.
Through structural improvement of the oil well pump, the technology of transferring the liquid column load part of an upper stroke acting on a suspension point to an oil pipe or to a lower stroke is one of the technical ideas for realizing deep pumping of a large pump, and a load-relief oil well pump disclosed by CN201232625Y is taken as a typical example: the phi 32/38 oil well pump taking CN201232625Y as a prototype achieves the pump dropping depth of 5300m in the test of the Tahe oil field, and is an oil well with the largest pump dropping depth at home and abroad at present. However, the pump has the following limitations: the lower part of the lower plunger is a sealed cavity, and once gas enters the sealed cavity, the gas cannot be discharged: taking the test well of the Tahe oil field as an example, the field feedback shows that even if the oil well has a very low gas-liquid ratio, gas is easy to gather in the pump in the process of long-term production and use, so that the pump efficiency is influenced, and even gas lock can be caused in serious conditions.
In addition, a hydraulic feedback thickened oil pump also appears in the prior art, and aims at the problem that the lower stroke rod column is difficult to descend in the thickened oil exploitation process, the part of the liquid column load of the upper stroke acting on the suspension point is transferred to the lower stroke to generate hydraulic feedback force to help the rod column to descend, and the hydraulic feedback thickened oil pump also actually reduces the liquid column load of the upper stroke. However, the liquid column load transferred by the pump is limited, and the suspension point load cannot be reduced greatly, so that the depth of the lower pump is still limited, and the problem of overlarge suspension point load when a large pump is used for deep pumping is difficult to fully solve.
In summary, for the oil production requirement of deep pumping with a large pump, the two prior arts have obvious defects in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a position exchange type deloading oil well pump, which aims to solve the problems that a suspension point load is too large and air cannot be prevented when a large pump deeply pumps in the prior art, and achieve the purposes of effectively reducing the suspension point load, avoiding the concentration of air in the pump and preventing air lock.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a position exchange type deloading oil well pump comprises a pump cylinder, an upper plunger and a lower plunger, wherein the upper plunger and the lower plunger are positioned in the pump cylinder and are connected through a plunger connector; the oil inlet valve assembly is connected into the lower plunger, and the discharge valve assembly is arranged at the bottom of the pump barrel; the bottom of the pump barrel is closed, a first oil inlet is formed in the side wall of the pump barrel, a second oil inlet is formed in the plunger connecting head, the first oil inlet is communicated with the second oil inlet, and the second oil inlet is communicated with a pump cavity above the oil inlet valve assembly; one end of the discharge valve assembly is connected with the pump cavity below the oil inlet valve assembly, and the other end of the discharge valve assembly is communicated with the oil pipe.
The invention provides a position-exchange type deloading oil well pump, aiming at the problems that the depth of a lower pump is influenced by overlarge load of a suspension point during deep pumping of a large pump in the prior art and the existing deep pumping oil well pump cannot prevent air, wherein a pump cylinder, an upper plunger and a lower plunger are all in the prior art, and the upper plunger is connected with the lower plunger through a plunger connector. In this application, the inlet valve assembly is connected in the plunger down, along with the common motion of plunger down, and the discharge valve assembly sets up in the pump barrel bottom, this is the core place of this application "position switching", the inlet valve of oil-well pump is in the bottom in the prior art has been abandoned completely, the discharge valve is in the inlet valve top and along with the technical route of plunger up-and-down motion, the inlet valve assembly is located the top of discharge valve assembly in this application, pump barrel bottom is sealed, consequently with the well fluid among the prior art get into the oil-well pump completely different from pump barrel bottom, well fluid can't get into from pump barrel bottom in this application, but get into from the first oil inlet of pump barrel lateral wall, get into the pump intracavity through the second oil inlet on the plunger connector again, later the fluid need arrive the discharge valve assembly down, just can get into oil pipe through the discharge valve assembly. The pump cavity is divided into an upper part and a lower part by the oil inlet valve assembly, the pump cavity above the oil inlet valve assembly is communicated with the second oil inlet, fluid can conveniently and smoothly enter the pump cavity, the pump cavity below the oil inlet valve assembly is connected with the discharge valve assembly, the fluid can pass through the oil inlet valve assembly downwards to enable the pumping to be upwards returned, in the process, gas in formation fluid can automatically break away from the pump cavity above the oil inlet valve assembly and is discharged through the second oil inlet and the first oil inlet in sequence, and the gas cannot be gathered in the oil well pump, so that the problem that the gas is easily gathered in the pump to influence the pump effect in the long-term production process of the oil field in the prior art is solved, and the gas lock phenomenon of the oil well pump is avoided. Meanwhile, in the process of the upward stroke, the oil well pump acts on the suspension point load, increases the liquid column load of the suspension point load, and completely transfers the liquid column load to the downward stroke, so that the suspension point load can be effectively reduced. In conclusion, the invention realizes the purposes of effectively reducing the suspension point load and fully meeting the deep pumping operation requirement of a large pump of an oil well, simultaneously overcomes the pump efficiency reduction and even the air lock phenomenon caused by gas accumulation, can be used for producing the oil well for a long time no matter the gas-liquid ratio is high or low, can also reduce the underground operation frequency of pump replacement, pump inspection and the like, and is beneficial to cost reduction and efficiency improvement of oil field development.
Furthermore, the pump cylinder comprises an upper pump cylinder and a lower pump cylinder, an upper plunger is positioned in the upper pump cylinder, and a lower plunger is positioned in the lower pump cylinder; the upper pump cylinder is connected with the lower pump cylinder through a pump cylinder connector, and the first oil inlet is formed in the pump cylinder connector. Wherein the upper plunger piston moves in the upper pump cylinder, and the lower plunger piston moves in the lower pump cylinder. The upper plunger and the lower plunger synchronously move through the pump barrel connector, and the lower plunger drives the oil inlet valve assembly to synchronously move when moving. The pump barrel connector is also used for opening a first oil inlet, so that fluid in the well stably enters the pump cavity from the upper part of the oil inlet valve assembly, and the pumping mode of the position exchange specific to the application is stably realized.
Furthermore, the oil inlet valve assembly comprises an oil inlet valve seat, an oil inlet valve cover and a spring support which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom, an oil inlet valve ball matched with the oil inlet valve seat is arranged in the oil inlet valve cover, and a spring is arranged between the oil inlet valve ball and the spring support. Compared with the prior art, the oil inlet valve seat and the oil inlet valve ball are inverted up and down and move up and down along with the lower plunger together. The oil inlet valve cover and the spring support are also positioned below the oil inlet valve seat, and the spring support is used for limiting the displacement of the oil inlet valve ball so as to avoid the spring from being excessively compressed during the upstroke; and the oil inlet valve ball enters the oil inlet valve seat to generate sealing by the aid of the upward jacking force of the spring during the downward stroke. To sum up, the whole inversion of inlet valve assembly in this application carries out the adaptation to inlet valve, the discharge valve after the position exchange, and at the upstroke in-process, the inlet valve ball is opened down: the valve ball of the oil inlet valve compresses the spring under the action of sinking pressure, so that the oil inlet valve is opened, liquid is sucked in the pump, and the liquid column load acts on the lower discharge valve assembly and is borne by the oil pipe; when the strokes of the two plungers reach the top dead center, the plungers do not move relative to the corresponding pump cylinders, and the oil inlet valve ball moves upwards under the action of the reset force of the spring and is matched with the valve seat of the oil inlet valve to form initial sealing.
Furthermore, the discharge valve assembly comprises a discharge valve seat, a discharge valve bonnet arranged above the discharge valve seat, and a discharge valve ball arranged in the discharge valve bonnet, wherein the discharge valve ball is matched with the discharge valve seat. During the downstroke, the inlet valve ball remains in sealing engagement with the inlet valve seat, causing the inlet valve to close, and as the pressure in the pump (in the upper inlet valve and the lower outlet valve) increases during the downstroke, when the pressure exceeds the fluid column pressure on the outlet valve ball, the outlet valve ball disengages from sealing contact with the outlet valve seat, the outlet valve opens, fluid in the pump is transferred to the tubing above the outlet valve to the discharge ground, and the fluid column load acts on the large plunger cross-section at this time, causing the suspension point load to decrease.
Further, the discharge valve assembly further includes a discharge valve seat support disposed below the discharge valve seat. The discharge valve seat support is used for providing an installation station for the discharge valve seat and plays a corresponding supporting role.
Further, the lower pump cylinder is connected with the discharge valve assembly through a lower guide joint. The lower guide joint plays a role in connection and installation, and ensures the relative fixation between the lower pump barrel and the discharge valve assembly.
Furthermore, the discharge valve assembly is fixedly connected with the oil pipe through the bridge pipe, so that the fixed connection between the discharge valve assembly and the oil pipe is ensured, and pumped crude oil is ensured to stably enter the upper oil pipe for exploitation.
Furthermore, a first annular space is formed between the lower pump cylinder and the upper plunger and between the lower pump cylinder and the plunger connector, the first oil inlet and the second oil inlet are communicated with the first annular space, and fluid is pumped into the oil well pump through the first annular space. The path of the fluid entering the pump is that the fluid enters a first annular space through a first oil inlet, then enters a second oil inlet from the first annular space, and enters a pump cavity above the oil inlet valve assembly through the second oil inlet; the gas discharge path in the pump cavity is as follows: and the gas is separated from the pump cavity above the oil inlet valve assembly, is discharged into the first annular space from the second oil inlet and is discharged out of the pump through the first oil inlet.
Further, a second annular space is formed between the bridge pipe and the pump cylinder; the fluid enters the oil pipe through the second annular space, namely the second annular space is an upward return channel before the crude oil enters the oil pipe.
Further, the upper plunger is used for being connected with the sucker rod.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the position exchange type deloading oil well pump provided by the invention has the advantages that in the process of an upper stroke, the liquid column load acting on the suspension point and increasing the suspension point load is completely transferred to a lower stroke, the suspension point load can be effectively reduced, and on the premise that the suspension point load difference is not changed with that of a conventional pump, the maximum load of the suspension point is reduced due to the transfer of the liquid column load, so that conditions are created for deep pumping of a large pump.
2. According to the position exchange type load-reducing oil well pump, the discharge capacity of the oil well pump is determined by the diameters of the lower pump barrel and the lower plunger, and the effective load reduction is realized, so that the pump diameter can be fully increased, and the realization of deep pumping of a large pump is facilitated.
3. The invention relates to a position exchange type deloading oil well pump, the deloading (transferring amount) to the liquid column load can be determined by the diameter of an upper plunger and the diameter of a sucker rod connected with the upper plunger: if the diameter of the upper plunger is the same as that of the sucker rod connected with the upper plunger, the liquid column load acting on the suspension point during the upper stroke of the conventional pump can be completely transferred to the lower stroke.
4. According to the position-exchange type deloading oil well pump, gas can be automatically discharged from the pump and cannot be gathered in the oil well pump, so that the problem that the gas is easily gathered in the pump to influence the pump efficiency in the prior art is solved, and the occurrence of the air lock phenomenon of the oil well pump is avoided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an upstroke according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a down stroke of an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-upper pump cylinder, 2-upper plunger, 3-pump cylinder connector, 4-lower pump cylinder, 5-plunger connector, 6-bridge pipe, 7-lower plunger, 8-inlet valve seat, 9-inlet valve bonnet, 10-inlet valve ball, 11-spring, 12-spring support, 13-outlet valve bonnet, 14-outlet valve ball, 15-outlet valve seat, 16-outlet valve seat support, 17-first oil inlet, 18-second oil inlet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
the position-exchange type deloading oil well pump shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises a pump cylinder, an upper plunger 2 and a lower plunger 7 which are positioned in the pump cylinder, wherein the upper plunger 2 is connected with the lower plunger 7 through a plunger connector 5; the oil inlet valve assembly is positioned above the discharge valve assembly and moves up and down together with the lower plunger 7; the bottom of the pump barrel is closed, a first oil inlet 17 is formed in the side wall of the pump barrel, a second oil inlet 18 is formed in the plunger connector 5, the first oil inlet 17 is communicated with the second oil inlet 18, and the second oil inlet 18 is communicated with a pump cavity above the oil inlet valve assembly; one end of the discharge valve assembly is connected with the pump cavity below the oil inlet valve assembly, and the other end of the discharge valve assembly is communicated with the oil pipe.
The upper and lower portions described in this embodiment are the lower portion facing the bottom of the well and the upper portion facing the wellhead when the oil pump is operating in the well. In the embodiment, the upper oil inlet valve assembly is connected to the lower plunger 7 and moves up and down along with the lower plunger 7, and the lower discharge valve assembly is used for being connected with an oil pipe and keeping a relative fixed position with the oil pipe, so that the mode that the conventional tubular oil well pump discharge valve moves up and down on the upper part and is connected to the plunger, and the oil inlet valve keeps a fixed position with the oil pipe on the lower part is changed. In this embodiment, the fluid in the well cannot enter from the bottom of the pump cylinder, but enters from the first oil inlet 17 on the side wall of the pump cylinder, and then enters the pump cavity through the second oil inlet 18 on the plunger connector, and then the fluid needs to go down to the discharge valve assembly, and can enter the oil pipe through the discharge valve assembly. Therefore, gas in the formation fluid can be automatically separated from the pump cavity above the oil inlet valve assembly, is discharged through the second oil inlet and the first oil inlet in sequence, and cannot be gathered in the oil well pump.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the position-exchange type deloading oil-well pump according to embodiment 1, the pump cylinder includes an upper pump cylinder 1 and a lower pump cylinder 4, the upper plunger 2 is located in the upper pump cylinder 1, and the lower plunger 7 is located in the lower pump cylinder 4; the upper pump barrel 1 is connected with the lower pump barrel 4 through a pump barrel connector 3, and a first oil inlet 17 is formed in the pump barrel connector 3.
The oil inlet valve assembly comprises an oil inlet valve seat 8, an oil inlet valve bonnet 9 and a spring support 12 which are sequentially distributed up and down, an oil inlet valve ball 10 matched with the oil inlet valve seat 8 is arranged in the oil inlet valve bonnet 9, and a spring 11 is arranged between the oil inlet valve ball 10 and the spring support 12; compared with the prior art, in the embodiment, the inlet valve ball 10 and the inlet valve seat 8 are inverted up and down, the inlet valve seat 8 is above the inlet valve ball 10, and the inlet valve ball 10 enters the inlet valve seat 8 to generate initial sealing by the upward jacking force of the spring 11 during the downstroke. The spring support 12 serves to limit the displacement of the inlet valve ball 10 to avoid over-compression of the spring 11 during the upstroke.
The discharge valve assembly comprises a discharge valve seat 15, a discharge valve cage 13 located above the discharge valve seat 15, and a discharge valve ball 14 located within the discharge valve cage 13, the discharge valve ball 14 mating with the discharge valve seat 15.
Preferably, the discharge valve assembly further includes a discharge valve seat support 16 disposed below the discharge valve seat 15. The lower pump barrel 4 is connected with the discharge valve assembly through a lower guide joint. The discharge valve assembly is fixedly connected with the oil pipe through a bridge pipe 6.
In this embodiment, a first annular space is formed between the lower pump barrel 4 and the upper plunger 2 and between the lower pump barrel and the plunger connector 5, the first oil inlet 17 and the second oil inlet 18 are both communicated with the first annular space, and fluid is pumped into the oil well pump through the first annular space. A second annulus is formed between the bridge pipe 6 and the pump cylinder; fluid enters the tubing through the second annulus. The upper plunger 2 is used for connecting with a sucker rod.
In the embodiment, the diameter of the upper plunger 2 is smaller and phi 32 or phi 38 is taken, the diameter of the lower plunger 7 is larger and phi 70 is taken, the oil inlet valve assembly is connected with the lower plunger 7, the upper plunger 2 is connected with the lower plunger 7 through the plunger connector 5, and the sucker rod is connected with the upper plunger 2 to drive the upper plunger, the lower plunger and the oil inlet valve assembly to move. The upper pump cylinder 1 is connected with the lower pump cylinder 4 through a pump cylinder connector 3, and the lower pump cylinder 4 is connected with the discharge valve assembly through a lower guide connector and is connected with an oil pipe through a bridge pipe 6. The oil inlet valve seat 8 is arranged above the oil inlet valve ball 10, and the oil inlet valve ball 10 enters the oil inlet valve seat 8 to generate sealing by the aid of the upward jacking force of the spring 11 during a downstroke. The spring support 12 limits the displacement of the inlet valve ball 10 to avoid over-compression of the spring 11 during the upstroke.
The main working process of this embodiment is:
during the up stroke, the discharge valve ball 14 positioned at the lower part under the initial sealing closing state enters the discharge valve seat 15, as shown in fig. 1, the sucker rod drives the upper plunger 2 and the lower plunger 7 to move upwards together in the up stroke process, the pump internal pressure between the upper oil inlet valve ball 10 and the lower discharge valve ball 14 is reduced, the oil inlet valve ball 10 compresses the spring 11 under the action of sinking pressure, the oil inlet valve ball 10 moves downwards and is separated from the oil inlet valve seat 8, the oil inlet valve is opened, liquid is sucked in the pump, the gas in the pump is discharged from the upper part under the action of density difference, and at the moment, the liquid column load acts on the discharge valve assembly at the lower part and is born by the oil pipe; when the plunger stroke reaches the top dead center, the plunger and the corresponding pump barrel do not move relatively, and the upper oil inlet valve ball 10 moves upwards under the action of the elastic force of the spring 11, is matched with the oil inlet valve seat 8 again and returns to the initial sealing state.
On the down stroke, as shown in fig. 2, the pressure in the pump (between the inlet valve assembly and the outlet valve assembly) increases, when the pressure exceeds the liquid column pressure on the outlet valve ball 14, the outlet valve ball 14 opens, the liquid in the pump is transferred to the oil pipe above the outlet valve ball 14 until the liquid column pressure is discharged to the ground, and the liquid column load acts on the section of the lower large plunger 7, so that the suspension point load is reduced.
The advantages of this embodiment are: the liquid column load acting on the suspension point load and increasing the suspension point load is completely transferred to the lower stroke in the process of the upper stroke, the suspension point load can be effectively reduced, and the maximum suspension point load is reduced due to the transfer of the liquid column load on the premise that the suspension point load difference is not changed with a conventional pump, so that a feasible scheme is provided for deep pumping of a large pump. The oil well pump of this embodiment's discharge capacity is decided by pump barrel/plunger diameter down, owing to realized the deloading, can increase the pump footpath to realize big pump deep-pumping. In addition, the load reduction (transfer amount) of the present embodiment to the liquid column load can be determined by the diameter of the upper plunger and the diameter of the sucker rod connected with the upper plunger: if the diameter of the upper plunger is the same as that of the sucker rod connected with the upper plunger, the liquid column load W acted on the suspension point by the upper stroke of the conventional pump can be usedLAll branch to the down stroke. The present embodiment can be compared with the conventional pump suspension load as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 suspension point load comparison
Figure BDA0002889688010000061
As can be seen from Table 1, this embodiment can apply the load W of the fluid column on the suspension point by the stroke of the conventional pumpLThe unloading effect is remarkable when the whole process is transferred to the lower stroke.
In addition, the gas that gets into in the pump can be automatic breaks away from in the pump chamber of oil inlet valve assembly top, discharges through second oil inlet, first oil inlet in proper order, can not gather in the oil-well pump, consequently solved among the prior art oil field long-term production process, gas gathers the problem that influences the pump efficiency easily in the pump, has stopped oil-well pump airlock phenomenon to take place.
Example 3:
on the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the bottom of the lower pump barrel 4 has a cavity with a closed bottom, the pump cavity below the oil inlet valve is communicated with the cavity, and the discharge valve seat support 16 is arranged at the top position of the cavity, so that the fluid entering the oil well pump needs to enter the cavity first, and can be discharged into the oil pipe through the discharge valve assembly; because the fluid can enter the discharge valve assembly only after turning around and reversing in the cavity, the gas mixed in the pump naturally rises under the action of density difference, cannot enter the discharge valve assembly, and can be automatically discharged. This embodiment ensures that gas can not get into the bleeder valve assembly through the setting of pump barrel bottom closed cavity, fully guarantees that the pump efficiency is stable.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, the term "connected" used herein may be directly connected or indirectly connected via other components without being particularly described.

Claims (10)

1. A position exchange type deloading oil well pump comprises a pump cylinder, an upper plunger (2) and a lower plunger (7) which are positioned in the pump cylinder, and is characterized in that the upper plunger (2) is connected with the lower plunger (7) through a plunger connector (5); the oil pump also comprises an oil inlet valve assembly connected in the lower plunger (7) and a discharge valve assembly arranged at the bottom of the pump cylinder, wherein the oil inlet valve assembly is positioned above the discharge valve assembly; the bottom of the pump cylinder is closed, a first oil inlet (17) is formed in the side wall of the pump cylinder, a second oil inlet (18) is formed in the plunger connector (5), the first oil inlet (17) is communicated with the second oil inlet (18), and the second oil inlet (18) is communicated with a pump cavity above the oil inlet valve assembly; one end of the discharge valve assembly is connected with the pump cavity below the oil inlet valve assembly, and the other end of the discharge valve assembly is communicated with the oil pipe.
2. The position-exchange type deloading oil-well pump according to claim 1, wherein the pump cylinder comprises an upper pump cylinder (1) and a lower pump cylinder (4), the upper plunger (2) is positioned in the upper pump cylinder (1), and the lower plunger (7) is positioned in the lower pump cylinder (4); go up pump barrel (1) and be connected through pump barrel connector (3) with lower pump barrel (4), first oil inlet (17) are seted up on pump barrel connector (3).
3. The position-exchange type load-reducing oil well pump according to claim 1, wherein the oil inlet valve assembly comprises an oil inlet valve seat (8), an oil inlet valve cover (9) and a spring support (12) which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom, an oil inlet valve ball (10) matched with the oil inlet valve seat (8) is arranged in the oil inlet valve cover (9), and a spring (11) is arranged between the oil inlet valve ball (10) and the spring support (12).
4. The pump according to claim 1, wherein the discharge valve assembly comprises a discharge valve seat (15), a discharge valve cage (13) located above the discharge valve seat (15), and a discharge valve ball (14) located in the discharge valve cage (13), wherein the discharge valve ball (14) is matched with the discharge valve seat (15).
5. A swappable deloading pump according to claim 4, wherein the discharge valve assembly further comprises a discharge valve seat support (16) disposed below the discharge valve seat (15).
6. A position-changing deloading pump as set forth in claim 2, wherein the lower pump barrel (4) is connected to the discharge valve assembly by a lower pilot fitting.
7. The position-changing deloading pump according to claim 2, wherein the discharge valve assembly is fixedly connected with the oil pipe through a bridge pipe (6).
8. The position-switching deloading oil well pump according to claim 2, wherein a first annular space is formed between the lower pump cylinder (4) and the upper plunger (2) and between the lower pump cylinder and the plunger connector (5), the first oil inlet (17) and the second oil inlet (18) are both communicated with the first annular space, and fluid is pumped into the oil well pump through the first annular space.
9. The position-exchange deloading pump according to claim 7, wherein a second annulus is formed between the bridge pipe (6) and the pump barrel; fluid enters the tubing through the second annulus.
10. A position-changing deloading pump according to claim 1, wherein the upper plunger (2) is adapted to be connected to a sucker rod.
CN202110024417.1A 2021-01-08 2021-01-08 Position exchange type deloading oil well pump Active CN112832993B (en)

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