CN112832753A - While-drilling acoustic logging drill collar grooving method based on sound source excitation frequency - Google Patents
While-drilling acoustic logging drill collar grooving method based on sound source excitation frequency Download PDFInfo
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- CN112832753A CN112832753A CN202110105975.0A CN202110105975A CN112832753A CN 112832753 A CN112832753 A CN 112832753A CN 202110105975 A CN202110105975 A CN 202110105975A CN 112832753 A CN112832753 A CN 112832753A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of acoustic logging while drilling, and particularly relates to a method for grooving a drill collar of acoustic logging while drilling based on acoustic source excitation frequency, which comprises the following steps: the sound wave emitter emits signals with different sound source excitation frequencies; acquiring time domain waveforms of drill collar energy signals with different sound source excitation frequencies through a sound wave receiver; drawing an energy distribution curve for different sound source excitation frequencies; according to the curve, drawing a spatial distribution position curve of the sound source excitation frequency and the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the radial direction of the drill collar; according to the sound source excitation frequency acquired in real time, judging the spatial distribution position of the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the radial direction of the drill collar under the currently acquired sound source excitation frequency by using the acquired spatial distribution position curve; and selecting a corresponding grooving mode of the acoustic logging while drilling drill collar according to the judged spatial distribution position.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of acoustic logging while drilling, and particularly relates to a drill collar grooving method for acoustic logging while drilling based on acoustic source excitation frequency.
Background
The acoustic logging while drilling technology is widely applied to highly deviated wells, horizontal wells and deep sea drilling with the advantages of acquiring stratum information in real time, realizing geological steering and the like by drilling and logging at the same time.
The acoustic transmitter and receiver of the acoustic logging-while-drilling instrument are installed on the drill collar, and when the acoustic source excitation signal transmitted by the acoustic transmitter is excited at low frequency or high frequency, the receiver not only records the longitudinal and transverse wave signals from the stratum, but also receives the energy signal of the drill collar. Most of the existing acoustic logging-while-drilling instruments have a plurality of grooves engraved on the inner circumferential wall or the outer circumferential wall of a drill collar between an acoustic transmitter and a receiver, and can attenuate drill collar energy signals transmitted along the drill collar, so that longitudinal and transverse wave signals from a stratum can be clearly identified. However, the existing drill collar grooving method ignores the characteristic that the energy distribution of the drill collar energy signal changes along with the frequency, and only adopts a single drill collar grooving mode to deal with the excitation conditions of different sound source excitation frequencies, so that the drill collar energy signal cannot be weakened to the maximum extent at all times, and the effect of weakening the drill collar energy signal of a plurality of grooves engraved on the inner circumferential side wall or the outer circumferential side wall of the drill collar is unstable and poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a while-drilling acoustic logging drill collar grooving method based on acoustic source excitation frequency, which comprises the following steps:
the sound wave emitter emits signals with different sound source excitation frequencies; acquiring time domain waveforms of drill collar energy signals with different sound source excitation frequencies through a sound wave receiver; the acoustic transmitter and the acoustic receiver are respectively positioned at two ends of the drill collar;
for different sound source excitation frequencies, drawing an energy distribution curve by taking the radial direction of the drill collar as a horizontal coordinate and taking the energy value of the normalized drill collar energy signal from the inner wall to the outer wall of the drill collar as a vertical coordinate;
according to the energy distribution curve, drawing a spatial distribution position curve of the sound source excitation frequency and the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the radial direction of the drill collar;
according to the sound source excitation frequency acquired in real time, judging the spatial distribution position of the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the radial direction of the drill collar under the currently acquired sound source excitation frequency by using the acquired spatial distribution position curve; and selecting a corresponding drill collar grooving mode of acoustic logging while drilling according to the judged spatial distribution position to realize grooving of the drill collar.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the specific process of drawing the energy distribution curve is as follows:
and calculating the energy of each drill collar energy signal and the corresponding drill collar energy signal in the radial direction of the drill collar by adopting a sound field mode analysis method:
p (r, omega) is the energy of the drill collar energy signal in the radial direction of the drill collar under the current sound source excitation frequency; e is a natural constant; i is an imaginary number; r and z respectively represent the radial position and the axial position of the drill collar energy signal in the radial direction of the drill collar under a pre-established cylindrical coordinate system; ω and k represent the sound source excitation frequency and the axial wave number, respectively; k is a radical of0The pole in the complex wave number plane corresponding to the drill collar signal; d (omega, k) is a global matrix independent of the sound source; n (ω, k) is a matrix relating to sound sources;
according to the formula, for different sound source excitation frequencies, an energy distribution curve is drawn by taking the radial direction of the drill collar as a horizontal coordinate and taking the energy value of the normalized drill collar energy signal from the inner wall to the outer wall of the drill collar as a vertical coordinate.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, a spatial distribution position curve of the sound source excitation frequency and the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the radial direction of the drill collar is drawn according to the energy distribution curve; the specific process comprises the following steps:
according to the obtained energy distribution curves of the drill collar energy signals and the drill collar energy signals in the radial direction of the drill collar, recording the radial position corresponding to the peak value in the corresponding energy distribution curve under each sound source excitation frequency, obtaining a plurality of point coordinates consisting of the frequency and the radial position corresponding to the peak value in the corresponding energy distribution curve, and obtaining a spatial distribution position curve of the sound source excitation frequency and the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the radial direction of the drill collar.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the drill collar grooving method includes: the drill collar is not provided with a groove, an inner groove and an outer groove.
As one improvement of the above technical solution, the spatial distribution position of the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the drill collar radial direction under the currently acquired sound source excitation frequency is determined by using the obtained spatial distribution position curve according to the sound source excitation frequency acquired in real time; selecting a corresponding grooving mode of the acoustic logging while drilling drill collar according to the judged spatial distribution position; the specific process comprises the following steps:
when the current sound source excitation frequency acquired in real time is subjected to low-frequency excitation, the current sound source excitation frequency is lower than or equal to 17kHz, the concentrated distribution area of the energy signal of the drill collar is mainly concentrated on the inner side of the drill collar by utilizing the acquired spatial distribution position curve, and N grooves are engraved on the inner circumferential side wall of the drill collar along the axial direction in an inner groove engraving mode;
when the current sound source excitation frequency acquired in real time is subjected to high-frequency excitation, the current sound source excitation frequency is higher than 17kHz, the obtained spatial distribution position curve is utilized to obtain a concentrated distribution area of the drill collar energy signal, the concentrated distribution area is mainly concentrated on the outer side of the drill collar, an outer grooving mode is adopted, and N grooves are engraved on the outer circumferential side wall of the drill collar.
As one improvement of the technical scheme, the width of each groove is 10cm, the depth of each groove is 2cm, and the interval of the grooves is 10 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the spatial distribution characteristic of the drill collar energy signals in the radial direction of the drill collar under different frequencies, namely the drill collar energy signals are mainly concentrated on the inner side of the drill collar at low frequency, the drill collar energy signals are mainly concentrated on the outer side of the drill collar at high frequency, different drill collar grooving modes are selected when the excitation frequencies of sound sources are different, and the method disclosed by the invention has better pertinence, flexibility and instantaneity. Aiming at different sound source excitation frequencies, the most appropriate grooving mode is selected, so that the energy signal of the drill collar is weakened to the maximum extent, the longitudinal and transverse wave signals from the stratum are highlighted, and the sound insulation effect of the grooving mode is more stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of energy distribution curves of a drill collar energy signal and a drill collar energy signal in a drill collar radial direction under different sound source excitation frequencies in a while-drilling acoustic logging drill collar grooving method based on sound source frequency;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spatial distribution position curve of a sound source excitation frequency and a drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the radial direction of a drill collar in the while-drilling acoustic logging drill collar grooving method based on the sound source frequency;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an internal groove when a low-frequency sound source is used for excitation in the while-drilling acoustic logging drill collar grooving method based on sound source frequency;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an outer engraved groove adopted during high-frequency sound source excitation in the acoustic logging while drilling drill collar engraving method based on sound source frequency;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of drill collar signal waveforms received by a drill collar in three grooving modes, namely, no grooving mode, an inner grooving mode and an outer grooving mode when a sound source low frequency (10kHz) is excited by the drill collar grooving method for acoustic logging while drilling based on sound source frequency;
FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of drill collar signals received by the drill collar in three grooving modes, i.e. no grooving mode, an inner grooving mode and an outer grooving mode when a sound source is excited at high frequency (25kHz) based on effectiveness verification of the acoustic logging while drilling drill collar grooving method of the sound source frequency.
Reference numerals:
1. acoustic wave emitter 2, inner carved groove
3. Drill collar 4 and drill collar energy signal
5. The sound wave receiver 6 is externally carved with grooves
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a drill collar grooving method for acoustic logging while drilling based on sound source excitation frequency, which can solve the defects that the signal effect of weakening a drill collar by a groove is unstable and poor due to the fact that the existing acoustic logging while drilling instrument only adopts a single drill collar grooving mode to deal with the excitation conditions of different sound source excitation frequencies,
the sound wave transmitter 1 and the sound wave receiver 5 are arranged on the outer circumferential side wall of the drill collar 3, the sound wave transmitter 1 and the sound wave receiver 5 are respectively positioned at two ends of the drill collar 3, and a plurality of inner engraved grooves 2 or outer engraved grooves 4 are engraved between the sound wave transmitter 1 and the sound wave receiver 5 according to a selected grooving mode; the acoustic wave transmitter 1 is used for transmitting signals with different sound source excitation frequencies;
the acoustic receiver 5 is used for receiving a drill collar energy signal and a longitudinal and transverse wave signal from the stratum;
the method comprises the following steps:
and selecting a corresponding drill collar grooving mode for acoustic logging while drilling based on different acoustic source excitation frequencies emitted by the acoustic transmitter according to the spatial distribution positions of the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the radial direction of the drill collar under different acoustic source excitation frequencies.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the acoustic wave emitter 1 emits signals of different sound source excitation frequencies; acquiring time domain waveforms of drill collar energy signals with different sound source excitation frequencies through a sound wave receiver 5; the acoustic transmitter 1 and the acoustic receiver 5 are respectively positioned at two ends of the drill collar 3;
as shown in fig. 1, for different sound source excitation frequencies, an energy distribution curve is drawn by taking the radial direction of the drill collar as a horizontal coordinate and taking the energy value of the normalized drill collar energy signal from the inner wall to the outer wall of the drill collar as a vertical coordinate;
specifically, the method of sound field mode analysis is adopted to calculate the energy of each drill collar energy signal and the corresponding drill collar energy signal in the radial direction of the drill collar:
p (r, omega) is the energy of the drill collar energy signal in the radial direction of the drill collar under the current sound source excitation frequency; e is a natural constant; i is an imaginary number; r and z respectively represent the radial position and the axial position of the drill collar energy signal in the radial direction of the drill collar under a pre-established cylindrical coordinate system; ω and k represent the sound source excitation frequency and the axial wave number, respectively; k is a radical of0The pole in the complex wave number plane corresponding to the drill collar signal; d (omega, k) is a global matrix independent of the sound source; n (ω, k) is a matrix relating to sound sources;
according to the formula, for different sound source excitation frequencies, an energy distribution curve is drawn by taking the radial direction of the drill collar as a horizontal coordinate and taking the energy value of the normalized drill collar energy signal from the inner wall to the outer wall of the drill collar as a vertical coordinate.
When the excitation frequency omega of the sound source is 5kHz, 15kHz and 25kHz respectively, the signal intensity of the drill collar at different radial positions r is obtained, and energy distribution curves of three drill collar energy signals and drill collar energy signals in the radial direction of the drill collar in the graph 1 can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, according to the energy distribution curve, a spatial distribution position curve of the excitation frequency of the sound source and the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the radial direction of the drill collar is drawn;
specifically, according to the obtained energy distribution curves of the drill collar energy signals and the drill collar energy signals in the radial direction of the drill collar, the radial position corresponding to the peak value in the corresponding energy distribution curve under the excitation frequency of each sound source is recorded, a plurality of point coordinates consisting of the frequency and the radial position corresponding to the peak value in the corresponding energy distribution curve are obtained, and the spatial distribution position curve of the excitation frequency of the sound source and the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the radial direction of the drill collar is obtained.
Wherein, the curve in fig. 2 is drawn by the point coordinates composed of the excitation frequencies of the sound source of 5kHz, 15kHz and 25kHz respectively and the corresponding peak values in the curve in fig. 1.
According to the sound source excitation frequency acquired in real time, judging the spatial distribution position of the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the radial direction of the drill collar under the currently acquired sound source excitation frequency by using the acquired spatial distribution position curve; and selecting a corresponding drill collar grooving mode of acoustic logging while drilling according to the judged spatial distribution position to realize grooving of the drill collar.
The drill collar grooving mode comprises the following steps: the drill collar is not provided with a groove, an inner groove and an outer groove.
Because the groove is carved at the position where the energy signal of the drill collar is concentrated, the energy signal of the drill collar can be blocked to the greatest extent, and therefore, based on the distribution condition of the spatial distribution position of the concentrated distribution area of the energy signal of the drill collar in the radial direction of the drill collar under different sound source excitation frequencies, the corresponding grooving mode of the drill collar for acoustic logging while drilling is selected. The invention provides a drill collar grooving method for acoustic logging while drilling based on acoustic source excitation frequency, when the current acoustic source excitation frequency acquired in real time is subjected to low-frequency excitation, namely the frequency is lower than or equal to 17kHz, the energy signal of a drill collar at the moment is mainly concentrated on the inner side of the drill collar, therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, an inner groove carving mode is adopted, N grooves are carved on the inner circumferential side wall of the drill collar along the axial direction, the energy signal of the drill collar can be weakened to the maximum extent, and an acoustic receiver can be ensured to receive clear longitudinal and transverse wave signals from the stratum;
when the current sound source excitation frequency acquired in real time is subjected to high-frequency excitation, namely the frequency is higher than 17kHz, the energy signals of the drill collar are mainly concentrated on the outer side of the drill collar, so that as shown in FIG. 4, an outer grooving mode is adopted, N grooves are engraved on the outer circumferential side wall of the drill collar, and the energy signals of the drill collar can be weakened to the maximum extent.
Wherein, the width of each groove is 10cm, the depth of each groove is 2cm, and the interval of the grooves is 10 cm.
Fig. 1 shows the energy distribution curves of the drill collar energy signals in the radial direction of the drill collar when the excitation frequencies of the sound sources emitted by the sound wave emitter are 5kHz, 15kHz and 25kHz, and according to the curves, it shows that the concentrated distribution area of the drill collar energy signals gradually moves from the inner circumferential side wall of the drill collar to the outer circumferential side wall of the drill collar along with the increase of the excitation frequencies of the sound sources. FIG. 2 shows the spatial distribution position curve of the concentrated distribution area (i.e. peak value) of the drill collar energy signals in the radial direction in the drill collar under different sound source excitation frequencies, according to the curve, it shows that when the sound source excitation frequency is lower than or equal to 17kHz, the drill collar energy signals are mainly concentrated on the inner side of the drill collar, therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, an inner groove-engraved manner is adopted, N grooves are engraved on the inner circumferential side wall of the drill collar along the axial direction, the drill collar energy signals can be weakened to the maximum extent, and the sound wave receiver can be ensured to receive clear longitudinal and transverse wave signals from the stratum.
FIG. 5 shows the time domain waveform of the drill collar energy signal received by the receiver in three grooving modes, i.e., no grooving, inner grooving and outer grooving, of the drill collar when the sound source excitation frequency is excited at low frequency (10 kHz). As shown in FIG. 5, 10kHz belongs to low-frequency excitation, and the concentrated distribution area of the drill collar energy signal is mainly concentrated on the inner circumferential side wall of the drill collar, so that the effect of weakening the drill collar energy signal to the maximum extent caused by grooving the drill collar in an inner-engraved groove mode is the best obviously, and the amplitude of the drill collar energy signal weakened by a plurality of inner-engraved grooves can be determined to be the minimum according to the waveform comparison result in FIG. 5.
FIG. 6 shows the time domain waveform of the drill collar energy signal received by the receiver in three grooving modes, i.e., no grooving, inner grooving and outer grooving, when the sound source excitation frequency is excited at high frequency (25 kHz). As shown in FIG. 6, 25kHz belongs to high-frequency excitation, and the concentrated distribution area of the drill collar energy signal is mainly concentrated on the outer circumferential side wall of the drill collar, so that the effect of weakening the drill collar energy signal to the maximum extent caused by grooving the drill collar in an outer grooving mode is the best obviously, and the amplitude of the drill collar energy signal weakened by a plurality of outer grooving can be determined to be the minimum according to the waveform comparison result in FIG. 6.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A while-drilling acoustic logging drill collar grooving method based on sound source excitation frequency is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the sound wave emitter emits signals with different sound source excitation frequencies; acquiring time domain waveforms of drill collar energy signals with different sound source excitation frequencies through a sound wave receiver; the acoustic transmitter and the acoustic receiver are respectively positioned at two ends of the drill collar;
for different sound source excitation frequencies, drawing an energy distribution curve by taking the radial direction of the drill collar as a horizontal coordinate and taking the energy value of the normalized drill collar energy signal from the inner wall to the outer wall of the drill collar as a vertical coordinate;
according to the energy distribution curve, drawing a spatial distribution position curve of the sound source excitation frequency and the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the radial direction of the drill collar;
according to the sound source excitation frequency acquired in real time, judging the spatial distribution position of the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the radial direction of the drill collar under the currently acquired sound source excitation frequency by using the acquired spatial distribution position curve; and selecting a corresponding drill collar grooving mode of acoustic logging while drilling according to the judged spatial distribution position to realize grooving of the drill collar.
2. The acoustic logging while drilling drill collar grooving method based on acoustic source excitation frequency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific process of drawing the energy distribution curve is as follows:
and calculating the energy of each drill collar energy signal and the corresponding drill collar energy signal in the radial direction of the drill collar by adopting a sound field mode analysis method:
p (r, omega) is the energy of the drill collar energy signal in the radial direction of the drill collar under the current sound source excitation frequency; e is a natural constant; i is an imaginary number; r and z respectively represent the radial position and the axial position of the drill collar energy signal in the radial direction of the drill collar under a pre-established cylindrical coordinate system; ω and k represent the sound source excitation frequency and the axial wave number, respectively; k is a radical of0The pole in the complex wave number plane corresponding to the drill collar signal; d (omega, k) is a global matrix independent of the sound source; n (ω, k) is a matrix relating to sound sources;
according to the formula, for different sound source excitation frequencies, an energy distribution curve is drawn by taking the radial direction of the drill collar as a horizontal coordinate and taking the energy value of the normalized drill collar energy signal from the inner wall to the outer wall of the drill collar as a vertical coordinate.
3. The acoustic logging while drilling drill collar grooving method based on the acoustic source excitation frequency as recited in claim 1, wherein the acoustic source excitation frequency and a spatial distribution position curve of a drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in a drill collar radial direction are plotted according to the energy distribution curve; the specific process comprises the following steps:
according to the obtained energy distribution curves of the drill collar energy signals and the drill collar energy signals in the radial direction of the drill collar, recording the radial position corresponding to the peak value in the corresponding energy distribution curve under each sound source excitation frequency, obtaining a plurality of point coordinates consisting of the frequency and the radial position corresponding to the peak value in the corresponding energy distribution curve, and obtaining a spatial distribution position curve of the sound source excitation frequency and the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the radial direction of the drill collar.
4. The acoustic logging while drilling drill collar grooving method based on the acoustic source excitation frequency as recited in claim 1, wherein the drill collar grooving method comprises: the drill collar is not provided with a groove, an inner groove and an outer groove.
5. The acoustic logging while drilling drill collar grooving method based on the acoustic source excitation frequency as recited in claim 4, wherein the spatial distribution position of the drill collar energy signal concentrated distribution area in the drill collar radial direction at the currently acquired acoustic source excitation frequency is determined by using the acquired spatial distribution position curve according to the acoustic source excitation frequency acquired in real time; selecting a corresponding grooving mode of the acoustic logging while drilling drill collar according to the judged spatial distribution position; the specific process comprises the following steps:
when the current sound source excitation frequency acquired in real time is subjected to low-frequency excitation, the current sound source excitation frequency is lower than or equal to 17kHz, the concentrated distribution area of the energy signal of the drill collar is mainly concentrated on the inner side of the drill collar by utilizing the acquired spatial distribution position curve, and N grooves are engraved on the inner circumferential side wall of the drill collar along the axial direction in an inner groove engraving mode;
when the current sound source excitation frequency acquired in real time is subjected to high-frequency excitation, the current sound source excitation frequency is higher than 17kHz, the obtained spatial distribution position curve is utilized to obtain a concentrated distribution area of the drill collar energy signal, the concentrated distribution area is mainly concentrated on the outer side of the drill collar, an outer grooving mode is adopted, and N grooves are engraved on the outer circumferential side wall of the drill collar.
6. The acoustic logging while drilling drill collar grooving method based on acoustic source excitation frequency as recited in claim 5, wherein each groove has a width of 10cm, a depth of 2cm, and a spacing of 10 cm.
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CN105888655A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-24 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | While-drilling acoustic wave insulating structure |
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CN111794689A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-20 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Design method of sound insulation structure and drill collar |
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2021
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US5796677A (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1998-08-18 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method of sonic logging while drilling a borehole traversing an earth formation |
CN102322258A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-01-18 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Drill-following acoustic logging method and device capable of reducing and insulating sound on drill collar |
CN105888655A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-24 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | While-drilling acoustic wave insulating structure |
CN209398415U (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-09-17 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | A kind of acoustic logging while drilling acoustic isolater of depth-graded cutting |
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