CN112831713B

CN112831713B - Composite wear-resistant material and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112831713B
Application number: CN202011247124.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨美周; 史新勃; 徐磊; 张兴品
Original assignee: Kingdream PLC; Sinopec Oilfield Equipment Corp
Current assignee: China Petrochemical Corp; Sinopec Oilfield Equipment Corp
Priority date: 2020-11-10
Filing date: 2020-11-10
Publication date: 2022-02-01
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-10
Also published as: CN112831713A

Abstract

The application relates to a composite wear-resistant material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite wear-resistant material comprises a metal matrix, a hard alloy sheet and a bonding phase; the hard alloy sheets are dispersedly distributed on the surface of the metal matrix, the cross section of each hard alloy sheet is trapezoidal, the upper bottom of each trapezoid is far away from the metal matrix, and the upper bottom is convexly provided with an arc line; the bonding phase is filled between the hard alloy sheets to fix the hard alloy sheets on the metal substrate, and the welding flux is added in the bonding phase. The boundary between the hard alloy sheet and the bonding phase is an inclined plane forming an included angle with the friction surface, so that the abrasive embedded in the bonding phase can rotate or peel, the impact energy when the abrasive is in contact with the interface of the hard alloy sheet is reduced, the probability of damage of the hard alloy sheet is reduced, and the service life is prolonged; due to the existence of the arc line, the abrasive rotating or stripped from the bonding phase can continue to rotate under the guidance of the arc line, so that the abrasive and the hard alloy sheet are prevented from generating relative friction, the hard alloy sheet is prevented from being worn, and the service life is further prolonged.

Description

Composite wear-resistant material and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of wear-resistant materials, in particular to a composite wear-resistant material and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the continuous progress of modern industrial society, the performances of various machines and tools in industry, mining industry, agriculture and construction are greatly improved. The service life of machinery and tools is prolonged, and higher requirements are put on the wear resistance of wear-resistant parts of friction pairs. Therefore, research and development of wear-resistant materials with high wear resistance and longer service life become a hot problem. Meanwhile, the forming method of various wear-resistant materials becomes an important research direction.

In the field of petroleum drilling tools, wear-resistant materials for bearings and mining are provided, which are wear-resistant materials formed by compounding hard phase hard alloy and bonding phase alloy. For this kind of wear-resistant material, in some related technologies, it is common to perform simple compounding of hard phase and bonding phase, and the influence of the structure of the hard phase on the wear when the friction pair moves relatively is not considered, so that the wear resistance of this kind of wear-resistant material is not high.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a composite wear-resistant material and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the wear-resistant material in the related technology is not high in wear resistance.

In a first aspect, there is provided a composite wear resistant material comprising:

a metal substrate;

the hard alloy sheets are arranged on the surface of the metal matrix in a dispersed manner, the cross section of each hard alloy sheet is trapezoidal, the upper bottom of each trapezoid is far away from the metal matrix, and the upper bottom is convexly provided with an arc line; and the number of the first and second groups,

and an adhesive phase filled between the cemented carbide pieces to fix the cemented carbide pieces to the metal base, wherein solder is added to the adhesive phase.

In some embodiments, the angle θ between the oblique side of the trapezoid and the bottom satisfies: theta is more than or equal to 65 degrees and less than 90 degrees; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the hard alloy sheet is a frustum, a prismoid or a hexahedron with the top wall surface being an arc surface; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the solder is dispersed in the whole bonding phase, or the bonding phase comprises a first layer and a second layer, the first layer is connected with the metal substrate and the second layer, and the solder is dispersed in the whole second layer; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the raw material of the bonding phase adopts nickel-based alloy or copper-based alloy; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the volume ratio of the solder to the bonding phase is 50-55%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the welding flux adopts tungsten carbide particles or chromium carbide particles.

In some embodiments, a connecting layer is further disposed between the cemented carbide sheet and the metal matrix.

In some embodiments, the material used for the connecting layer is the same as the material used for the bonding phase; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the thickness of the connecting layer is 0.1 mm-0.2 mm.

In some embodiments, the solder is in a spherical structure.

In some embodiments, the ratio of the minimum to maximum diameter of the solder is not less than 0.7.

In a second aspect, there is provided a method for preparing the composite wear-resistant material, which comprises the following steps:

preliminarily fixing a plurality of hard alloy sheets on a metal substrate;

and welding the hard alloy sheet and the metal matrix by adopting a welding mixture to obtain the composite wear-resistant material, wherein the welding mixture comprises a welding flux and raw materials of a bonding phase.

In some embodiments, preliminarily fixing a plurality of cemented carbide pieces to a metal base includes the steps of:

spray welding a connecting layer on the metal substrate;

and welding the hard alloy sheet to the metal substrate under heating against the connecting layer.

In some embodiments, the weld mix is divided into portions and welded layer by layer in such a way that one portion is welded into one layer, and the binder phase is obtained.

In some embodiments, the welding is performed by oxyacetylene spray welding or plasma overlaying, and when plasma overlaying is used, the length of the molten pool is twice the length of the hard alloy pieces, and the width of the molten pool is twice the width of the gap between the hard alloy pieces.

The beneficial effect that technical scheme that this application provided brought includes:

the embodiment of the application provides a composite wear-resistant material and a preparation method thereof, and the composite wear-resistant material provided by the embodiment of the application has the advantages that the cross section of each hard alloy sheet is trapezoidal, and the upper bottom of the trapezoid is convexly provided with an arc line; on the other hand, the cross section of each hard alloy sheet is trapezoidal, and the gap between every two adjacent hard alloy sheets is approximately V-shaped, so that the structure is beneficial to random accumulation of solder; in the third aspect, the boundary between the hard alloy sheet and the bonding phase is an inclined plane forming an included angle with the friction surface, so that the abrasive embedded in the bonding phase can rotate or peel, and the impact power when the abrasive contacts with the interface of the hard alloy sheet is reduced, thereby reducing the probability of damage of the hard alloy sheet, improving the wear resistance and prolonging the service life; in the fourth aspect, because of the existence of the arc line, the abrasive material which rotates out or peels off from the bonding phase can continue to rotate under the guide of the arc line, the relative friction between the abrasive material and the hard alloy sheet is prevented, the hard alloy sheet is prevented from being worn, the wear resistance is further improved, and the service life is prolonged.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite wear-resistant material provided by an embodiment of the present application (solder is dispersed in the whole bonding phase);

fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the composite wear-resistant material provided by the embodiment of the present application (the solder is dispersed throughout the second layer);

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cemented carbide piece provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a wear-reducing principle of a composite wear-resistant material provided by an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a top view of a cemented carbide piece provided in an embodiment of the present application, which is a hexahedron;

FIG. 6 is a top view of a hard alloy sheet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the form of a frustum;

fig. 7 is a plan view of the composite wear-resistant material provided by the embodiment of the present application (the cemented carbide sheet is a hexahedron);

fig. 8 is a plan view of the composite wear-resistant material provided in the embodiment of the present application (the hard alloy sheet is a frustum);

fig. 9 is a schematic view of a hard alloy sheet provided in an embodiment of the present application when performing preliminary fixing.

In the figure: 1. a metal substrate; 2. a hard alloy sheet; 20. an arc; 3. a bonding phase; 4. welding flux; 5. an abrasive; 6. a graphite mold.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The embodiment of the application provides a composite wear-resistant material, which can solve the problem that the wear-resistant material in the related art is not high in wear resistance.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the present application provides a composite wear-resistant material, which includes a metal matrix 1, a cemented carbide sheet 2, a bonding phase 3 and a solder 4.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a plurality of hard alloy pieces 2 are dispersedly arranged on the surface of a metal substrate 1, referring to fig. 3, the cross section of each hard alloy piece 2 is trapezoidal, the upper bottom of the trapezoid is far away from the metal substrate 1, the upper bottom is convexly provided with an arc line 20, the radius R of the arc line 20 is set according to actual needs, other dimensions of the hard alloy pieces 2 are determined according to the curvature radius of a surface to be welded and a die drawing angle during manufacturing of the hard alloy piece 2, and in a three-dimensional structure, the upper surface of each hard alloy piece 2 is an arc surface, so that the arc line 20 is formed in an end face view; an adhesive phase 3 is filled between the cemented carbide pieces 2 to fix the cemented carbide pieces 2 to the metal base 1, and solder 4 is added to the adhesive phase 3.

Referring to fig. 3, in the composite wear-resistant material provided by the embodiment of the present application, the cross section of the cemented carbide piece 2 is trapezoidal, and the upper bottom of the trapezoid is protruded to form an arc line 20, on one hand, due to the existence of the arc line 20, the solder 4 is convenient to roll into the gap between two adjacent cemented carbide pieces 2 during welding; referring to fig. 2, in the second aspect, the cross section of each hard alloy piece 2 is trapezoidal, and the gap between two adjacent hard alloy pieces 2 is approximately V-shaped, so that the structure is beneficial to random accumulation of the solder 4; referring to fig. 4, in the third aspect, the boundary between the cemented carbide piece 2 and the bonding phase 3 is an inclined plane forming an included angle with the friction surface, so that the abrasive 5 embedded in the bonding phase 3 can rotate or peel off, and the impact energy when the abrasive 5 contacts with the interface of the cemented carbide piece 2 is reduced, thereby reducing the probability of damage of the cemented carbide piece 2, improving the wear resistance and prolonging the service life; in the fourth aspect, due to the existence of the arc line 20, the abrasive 5 which rotates out of or is peeled off from the bonding phase 3 can continue to rotate under the guidance of the arc line 20, so that the abrasive 5 and the hard alloy sheet 2 are prevented from being rubbed relatively, and the hard alloy sheet 2 is prevented from being worn, so that the wear resistance is further improved, and the service life is prolonged.

Referring to fig. 3, in some preferred embodiments, the angle θ between the oblique side of the trapezoid and the bottom base satisfies: theta is more than or equal to 65 degrees and less than 90 degrees, and a chamfer is also formed at the joint of the bevel edge and the lower bottom as shown in figure 3.

In order to make the cross section of the cemented carbide piece 2 trapezoidal, and the top and bottom of the trapezoidal are set to be the arc line 20, there are many options for the shape of the cemented carbide piece 2, for example, in some preferred embodiments, the cemented carbide piece 2 is a hexahedron (as shown in fig. 5), a frustum (as shown in fig. 6), or a prismoid with a cambered top wall surface.

Referring to fig. 7, the hard alloy pieces 2 are approximately trapezoidal hexahedrons and are uniformly distributed on the metal substrate 1, and the hard alloy pieces 2 are distributed in a staggered manner, and the included angle beta between the axis of the hard alloy pieces and the friction relative movement direction is 90 +/-30 degrees.

Referring to fig. 8, the hard alloy pieces 2 are uniformly arranged on the metal substrate 1 by adopting a frustum, and the hard alloy pieces 2 are distributed in a staggered manner.

The clearance of the hard alloy sheet 2 is adjustable according to the design requirement of wear resistance.

In the case where the abrasive grains of the abrasive grains 5 are not clearly defined, the truncated cone cemented carbide piece 2 is used.

Referring to fig. 1, in some preferred embodiments, the solder 4 is dispersed in the whole bonding phase 3, and in other preferred embodiments, referring to fig. 2, the bonding phase 3 comprises a first layer and a second layer, the first layer connects the metal substrate 1 and the second layer, and the solder 4 is dispersed in the whole second layer, which has the advantage that in the use of the composite wear-resistant material, when the composite wear-resistant material is worn to a certain extent, although the bonding phase 3 with a certain thickness exists, the composite wear-resistant material can be directly replaced.

In some preferred embodiments, the raw material of the bonding phase 3 is nickel-based alloy or copper-based alloy. The nickel-based alloy can adopt nickel complex silicon boron alloy, and the melting point is 980-1020 ℃.

In some preferred embodiments, the volume ratio of the solder 4 to the adhesive phase 3 is 50% to 55%.

In some preferred embodiments, the solder 4 is in the form of tungsten carbide particles or chromium carbide particles, preferably in the form of spheres. The tungsten carbide particles can be spherical cast tungsten carbide particles or spherical sintered particles or a mixture of the spherical cast tungsten carbide particles and the spherical sintered particles, the ratio of the minimum value to the maximum value of the diameter of the welding flux 4 is not less than 0.7, and 42-60 meshes are recommended.

In some preferred embodiments, a connecting layer is further provided between the cemented carbide sheet 2 and the metal matrix 1.

The raw materials used for the connecting layer are the same as those used for the adhesive phase 3.

The thickness of the connecting layer can be selected to be 0.1 mm-0.2 mm.

The connecting layer has the following functions: firstly, the hard alloy sheet 2 and the metal matrix 1 are preliminarily fixed under the condition of hot melting, so that convenience is provided for subsequent welding; secondly, the stress between the hard alloy sheet 2 and the metal substrate 1 can be buffered; thirdly, the impact load can be buffered under the working load, and the overall impact resistance of the wear-resistant layer of the welding layer is improved.

The embodiment of the application also provides a preparation method of the composite wear-resistant material, which comprises the following steps:

101: a plurality of cemented carbide pieces 2 are preliminarily fixed to the metal base 1.

102: and welding the hard alloy sheet 2 and the metal matrix 1 by adopting a welding mixture to obtain the composite wear-resistant material, wherein the welding mixture comprises raw materials of a welding flux 4 and a bonding phase 3.

103: and grinding the surface to a finish machining surface required by the part, and paying attention to the curved surface contour and the ground area of the surface of the hard alloy sheet 2 when designing the grinding allowance so as to meet the proportion of a hard phase and a bonding phase on the grinding surface required by the design.

In some preferred embodiments, the preliminary fixing of the plurality of cemented carbide pieces 2 to the metal base 1 includes the steps of:

201: a connecting layer, such as a layer of nickel-based alloy (not containing tungsten carbide particles), is spray-welded on the metal substrate 1 by using an oxyacetylene spray-welding process;

202: welding the hard alloy sheet 2 on the metal substrate 1 under heating against the connecting layer; specifically, referring to fig. 9, the hard alloy sheet 2 is placed on a formed graphite mold 6, the graphite mold 6 has a groove matched with the hard alloy sheet 2, the handle of the graphite mold 6 is heated by induction, the graphite mold 6 transfers heat to the hard alloy sheet 2 after being heated, and then the layer and the metal matrix 1 are connected, after the temperature reaches the process requirement, pressure is applied, and heating and cooling are stopped, so that connection is achieved. Other common processes may be used to effect the connection.

In some preferred embodiments, the weld compound is divided into portions and welded layer by layer in such a way that one portion is welded into one layer, and the binder phase 3 is obtained.

Specifically, the gap welding between the hard alloy pieces 2 adopts oxyacetylene spray welding filling welding. During filling welding, layer-by-layer welding is adopted, the range of a molten pool is controlled within the range of two hard alloy sheets 2, each layer cannot be too thick, and layer-by-layer filling is carried out. When filling layer by layer, two filling layer structures can be formed, one is as follows: the first layer is welded with pure nickel alloy, tungsten carbide particles are not added, and the second layer and the later layers are added with tungsten carbide particles; and the other is to fill the layer by layer from the first layer, namely adding tungsten carbide particles. The oxyacetylene pressure is set according to the aperture of the spray nozzle of the spray gun, and the aperture of the spray nozzle is selected according to the volume of the part.

Of course, plasma welding may be used, but the particle size of the powder needs to be adjusted to the range suitable for the spray gun nozzle, and the welding energy should be adjusted during welding to maintain the range of the molten pool as follows: the length of the molten pool is one time of the length of the hard alloy pieces 2, and the width of the molten pool is two times of the width of the gap between the hard alloy pieces 2.

In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

It is noted that, in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A composite wear resistant material, characterized in that it comprises:

a metal base (1);

the hard alloy sheets (2) are arranged on the surface of the metal base body (1) in a scattered mode, the cross section of each hard alloy sheet (2) is trapezoidal, the upper bottom of each trapezoid is far away from the metal base body (1), and each upper bottom is convexly provided with an arc line (20); and the number of the first and second groups,

an adhesive phase (3) which is filled between the cemented carbide pieces (2) to fix the cemented carbide pieces (2) to the metal base (1), wherein a solder (4) is added to the adhesive phase (3);

and a connecting layer is also arranged between the hard alloy sheet (2) and the metal matrix (1).

2. The composite wear resistant material of claim 1, wherein:

the included angle theta between the inclined edge of the trapezoid and the bottom of the trapezoid meets the following requirements: theta is more than or equal to 65 degrees and less than 90 degrees; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the hard alloy sheet (2) is a frustum, a prismoid or a hexahedron with the top wall surface being an arc surface; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the solder (4) is dispersed in the whole bonding phase (3), or the bonding phase (3) comprises a first layer and a second layer, the first layer is connected with the metal matrix (1) and the second layer, and the solder (4) is dispersed in the whole second layer; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the raw material of the bonding phase (3) adopts nickel-based alloy or copper-based alloy; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the volume ratio of the solder (4) to the bonding phase (3) is 50-55%; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the welding flux (4) adopts tungsten carbide particles or chromium carbide particles.

3. The composite wear resistant material of claim 1, wherein:

the raw materials adopted by the connecting layer are the same as those adopted by the bonding phase (3); and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the thickness of the connecting layer is 0.1 mm-0.2 mm.

4. The composite wear resistant material of claim 1, wherein: the solder (4) adopts a sphere structure.

5. The composite wear resistant material of claim 4 wherein: the ratio of the minimum value to the maximum value of the diameter of the solder (4) is not less than 0.7.

6. A method for preparing the composite wear-resistant material according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

preliminarily fixing a plurality of hard alloy sheets (2) on a metal base body (1);

welding the hard alloy sheet (2) and the metal matrix (1) by adopting a welding mixture to obtain the composite wear-resistant material, wherein the welding mixture comprises raw materials of a welding flux (4) and a bonding phase (3);

the method comprises the following steps of preliminarily fixing a plurality of hard alloy sheets (2) on a metal base body (1), wherein the method comprises the following steps:

spray welding a connecting layer on the metal substrate (1);

welding the cemented carbide sheet (2) to the metal base (1) against the joining layer under heating.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein: and dividing the welding mixture into a plurality of parts, and welding layer by layer in a mode that one part is welded into one layer to obtain the bonding phase (3).

8. The method of claim 6, wherein: and the welding is carried out by adopting an oxyacetylene spray welding or plasma surfacing mode, and when the plasma surfacing mode is adopted, the length of the molten pool is one time of the length of the hard alloy sheets (2), and the width of the molten pool is two times of the width of the gap between the hard alloy sheets (2).