CN112831431A - Selenium-resistant strain Comamonas testosteroni GX-A1 and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of microbiology, and particularly relates to a selenium-resistant strain Comamonas testosteroni GX-A1 and application thereof. A selenium-resistant strain Comamonas testosteroni GX-A1 is classified as Comamonas testosteroni, and is deposited in Guangdong province collection of microorganisms and strains in 12/10 of 2020, with a deposition number of GDMCC No. 61357. The selenium-resistant strain Comamonas testosteroni GX-A1 has a maximum removal rate of 37.44% of selenium in soil at a selenium concentration of 2000 mu g/mL. The result can provide strain resources for bioremediation of selenium-polluted areas and provide references for development and utilization of selenium resources.

Description

Selenium-resistant strain Comamonas testosteroni GX-A1 and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of microbiology, and particularly relates to a selenium-resistant strain Comamonas testosteroni GX-A1 and application thereof.

Background

Selenium is a necessary trace element for human bodies, the incidence of keshan disease, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and the like is increased due to the lack of selenium, and alopecia and poisoning phenomena can be caused due to the excessively high selenium intake. Selenium exists in nature in four main forms, selenide (Se) respectively^2-) Elemental selenium (Se)⁰) Selenite (SeO)₃ ^2-) And selenate (SeO)₄ ^2-) The transformation of valence states between the various forms is closely related to the microorganism. The high selenium environment is a potential source of selenium-resistant microbial strains, and researches show that the bacteria generate stress reaction under the stress of the high selenium environment to convert inorganic selenium with higher toxicity into selenium simple substance with lower toxicity^[4]. Peng 31066^[5]With Wangming and others, selenium-resistant strains are screened from selenium-rich soil in Enshi of Hubei province, inorganic selenium can be reduced into red elemental selenium in a selenium-containing culture medium, and the method has important significance in the aspect of treating environmental selenium pollution.

The safe value range of selenium in soil is 0.1-3.0 mug/g, and the value less or more than the safe value can cause the animals to have obvious selenium deficiency and selenium poisoning. In recent years, the problem of selenium pollution is common in the world, cases of selenium pollution poisoning have appeared in China Hubei Enshi and Shaanxi Ziyang areas, and the most notable is the selenium poisoning event of Enshi fishpond dam population. Selenium pollution in the sunlight areas is caused by selenium-rich iron sulfide carbonate and volcanic rock bedrock, mining and weathering erosion cause selenium-containing rock stratums to be exposed out of the ground surface, and the average selenium content of the soils in the downtown village reaches 15.74mg/kg and is as high as 26mg/kg and is far higher than the average selenium content of the soils. The selenium pollution problem also occurs abroad, the selenium pollution of Kaysterson reservoirs in California in the southwest of the United states causes death and distortion of waterfowl and fish in water due to high-dose selenium pollution, and the phenomenon that the washing content of soil and surface water is seriously over-standard due to selenium pollution also occurs in the areas of Wawa in Mexico, Canada Ontario lake and Toronto in Poland. Therefore, environmental remediation in selenium-contaminated areas becomes a research hotspot.

The repair by chemical methods may cause secondary pollution, and more researchers are focusing on microbial bioremediation. At present, the domestic research on selenium mainly focuses on the behavior of selenium in soil, plant selenium enrichment and nano selenium materials, but few researches on microorganisms in the selenium-enriched soil are carried out, so that the inventor collects soil samples from the Guangxi selenium-enriched area, identifies selenium-resistant strains and determines the removal rate of the selenium-resistant strains on the selenium, and the strain resources are provided for the development of selenium resources from the direction of microorganisms.

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a selenium-resistant strain Comamonas testosteroni GX-A1 and application thereof.

The selenium-resistant strain Comamonas testosteroni GX-A1 provided by the invention is separated from soil in the pond area of the pond in Guihong Kong, Guangxi, is identified as Comamonas testosteroni through morphology and molecular biology, and is preserved in the microbial culture collection center of Guangdong province in 12 th and 10 th 2020, wherein the product is (GDMCC for short, the address: No. 59 building of Dazhou No. 59 building of Michelia Tokyo No. 100 of Guangzhou, microbial research institute of Guangdong province, postal code: 510070) and the preservation number is GDMCC No. 61357.

The invention also provides application of the selenium-resistant strain Comamonas testosteroni GX-A1 in removing selenium in soil.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

the invention utilizes a dilution plate method to screen selenium-resistant strains, identifies the selenium-resistant strains through morphological observation, gram staining and 16SrRNA sequence sequencing, and determines the removal rate of the selenium-resistant strains to selenium. The obtained A1 was identified as Comamonas (Comamonas); in the research on the removal rate of selenium, the A1 strain achieves the maximum removal rate of 37.44% of selenium in soil at the selenium concentration of 2000 mug/mL. The result can provide strain resources for bioremediation of selenium-polluted areas and provide references for development and utilization of selenium resources.

Description of preservation information

Comamonas testosteroni GX-A1 with a collection number of GDMCC No.61357, a collection date of 2020, 12 and 10 days, a collection unit of Guangdong province microbial culture collection center (GDMCC), and a collection address of No. 59, 5 th of Dazhou college No. 100 of Michelia Tokyo, Guangzhou.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a gel electrophoresis diagram of the PCR products of a part of the colonies isolated by the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows the morphology of four selenium-resistant strains according to the invention;

FIG. 3 is a gram stain microscopic examination of four selenium-resistant strains according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a phylogenetic tree of 16SrRNA gene sequences of four selenium-tolerant strains according to the invention;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the growth of four selenium-resistant strains according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 shows the removal rate of selenium from four selenium-resistant strains of the present invention at different selenium concentrations;

description of the reference numerals:

in fig. 1, Marker: 1kb DNA Marker; 1-9: PCR products of a part of the strains.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.

The materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available, unless otherwise specified. The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.

Examples

1. Materials and methods

1.1 materials

1.1.1 Sieve-Strain soil

The strain screening soil is collected from four rice soil samples with different selenium contents in the pond area in Guihong Kong, Guangxi, and the four soil samples are respectively named as A, B, C, D. The soil to be tested is collected by adopting a five-point mixing method, surface soil of 0-20cm is collected, surface impurities are removed, the soil is placed into a sterile self-sealing bag and placed into an ice box for storage, the sterile self-sealing bag is taken back to a laboratory on the same day and is placed into a refrigerator of 4 ℃ for storage for later use, and the physicochemical properties of the soil are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 physicochemical properties of soil and selenium content

1.1.2 culture Medium

Bacterial liquid culture medium: 10g of peptone, 3g of beef extract, 5g of sodium chloride, 1L of distilled water and pH 7.4-7.6.

Bacteria solid culture medium: 10g of peptone, 3g of beef extract, 5g of sodium chloride, 1L of distilled water, 15g of agar and pH 7.4-7.6.

1.1.3 preparation of selenium solution

22.35g of sodium selenite is weighed, deionized water is used for fixing the volume to 100mL, the selenium concentration of the obtained solution is 100mg/mL, and a sterile filter head with the diameter of 0.22 mu m is used for filtration for standby.

1.2 isolation and purification of soil microorganisms

Weigh 1g of soil into a finger bottle containing 10 glass beads and 9mL of sterile water. 30 ℃, 200r/min, shaking for 20min, standing for 5min, collecting soil suspension, centrifuging for 10min at 5000r/min, taking 1mL of supernatant, adding the supernatant into 100mL of liquid culture medium containing 100 mug/mL of selenium, shaking for 2 days at 30 ℃, 200r/min, diluting the shaken bacterial liquid in concentration to prepare 10-2-10-6 diluent, taking 100 mug of diluent, respectively coating the diluent into solid culture media, and culturing at 30 ℃ for 1 day. Selecting single colonies with different colors, forms, sizes and gloss, repeatedly separating and purifying for 3 times by using a plate marking method to obtain a pure culture of the strain, and preserving with glycerol.

1.3 identification of 16S rRNA in bacteria

And (3) carrying out 16S rRNA identification on the pure culture of the bacterial strain obtained by primary screening: selecting a single colony to perform colony PCR in a centrifugal tube with the volume of 1.5mL, and selecting bacterial universal primers 27F and 1492R, wherein the sequences of the primers are shown in the table 2; the PCR reaction system is shown in Table 3;

TABLE 216 SrRNA primers

TABLE 3 PCR reaction System

The PCR procedure was: 94 ℃ for 7 min; circulating for 25 times at 94 deg.C for 30s, 54 deg.C for 30s, and 72 deg.C for 1min 30; 72 ℃ for 2 min.

And (3) carrying out agarose gel electrophoresis detection on the PCR product, and purifying the PCR product by using a DNA Purification Kit, wherein the specific steps refer to the specification. And (3) sending the purified PCR product to Shenzhen Huada Gen Limited company for 16S rRNA sequencing, and comparing sequencing sequences through BLAST (BLAST search engine) registered on an NCBI database so as to determine the species information.

1.4 screening of selenium-resistant Strain

Inoculating the separated and purified strain into liquid culture medium, culturing for 24h, preparing enough plates, and spreading 5 μ L culture solution onto solid culture medium with different selenium concentration. The selenium concentration in the selenium-containing solid culture medium of the bacteria is screened by a gradient of 5000 mug/mL until the strains which are most resistant to selenium in four different places are respectively screened.

1.5 morphological Observation of selenium-resistant Strain

Single colonies of selenium-tolerant strains were photographed by microscopic observation and the morphological structure of the colonies was described.

Gram staining microscopy of bacteria:

(1) coating and fixing: dropping a drop of ultrapure water on the glass slide, picking a single bacterial colony, putting the single bacterial colony into normal saline for uniform coating, and intermittently contacting the glass slide on an alcohol lamp to fix the bacterial colony;

(2) primary dyeing: dropwise adding ammonium oxalate crystal violet on the fixed glass slide for dyeing for 1min, and then washing the glass slide clean by distilled water;

(3) coal dyeing: then dripping iodine solution for dyeing for 1min, then washing with distilled water, and absorbing water with absorbent paper;

(4) and (3) decoloring: dripping a plurality of drops of 95% alcohol and slightly shaking for decoloring, washing with water after about 20 seconds, and absorbing water by using absorbent paper;

(5) counterdyeing: and then, the pink dyeing solution is dripped for dyeing for 1min, and the obtained product is washed clean by distilled water, and the water is absorbed by absorbent paper and examined under the microscope.

1.6 growth status of selenium-resistant Strain and construction of phylogenetic Tree

Drawing a growth curve of the screened selenium-resistant strain: beef extract peptone bacterial liquid culture medium is prepared, each treatment is repeated three times, 100 mu L of previously shaken bacterial suspension is inoculated, samples are respectively taken at 0 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours, 18 hours and 20 hours, OD values (600nm wavelength) are measured, and bacterial growth curves are drawn.

And registering the 16SrRNA sequences of the selenium-resistant bacteria screened out from the four places into an NCBI database for BLAST comparison, and selecting seven sequences with higher consistency from one strain to construct a phylogenetic tree.

1.7 Studies on the removal Rate of selenium by selenium-resistant bacteria

The research on the removal rate of selenium-resistant strains to selenium refers to the research method of Zhangqi and the like and is modified, a sodium selenite solution which is subjected to filtration sterilization is added into a beef extract peptone liquid culture medium, so that the selenium concentration in the liquid culture medium is 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mu g/mL, three treatments are arranged in parallel, the liquid culture medium is inoculated into a corresponding liquid culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 1%, and the liquid culture medium is subjected to shake culture at the temperature of 30 ℃ and at the speed of 200r/min for 6 days. After the culture is finished, centrifuging at 13000r/min for 5min, taking the supernatant for digestion, measuring the selenium concentration in the solution by using an atomic fluorescence photometer, and calculating the removal rate according to a formula 1-1:

removal rate (%) ═ C_i-C_f)/C_i×100％ (1-1)

In the formula, C_iIs the concentration of selenium in the stock culture solution, C_fThe selenium concentration after the strain culture.

1.8 detection of selenium content in Water sample

Immediately filtering a sample by using a 0.45-micron filter membrane after the sample is collected, cleaning a collection bottle by using a small amount of filtrate, collecting 50mL of filtrate, adding 2mL of hydrochloric acid into each liter of water sample, uniformly mixing, putting the uniformly mixed sample into a 150mL conical flask, adding 5mL of nitric acid-perchloric acid mixed solution (V: V is 1:1), heating on an electric heating plate until white smoke is emitted, cooling, adding 5mL of hydrochloric acid, heating until yellow brown smoke is exhausted, cooling, fixing the volume to a 50mL volumetric flask, and detecting by using an atomic fluorescence photometer. The concentration of the sample solution is calculated according to the work formula 1-2:

C＝C₁×F×V₁/V (1-2)

in the formula, C is the concentration of the sample solution (mu g/L), C₁The concentration (mu g/L) is detected on the machine, F is the sample dilution factor, V₁Volume (mL) was determined as volume, and V was volume (mL) sampled.

1.9 data processing

And constructing a phylogenetic tree by using MAGE-X, and mapping by using Origin 2018.

2. Results and analysis

2.1 isolation of the Strain

Adding a soil sample into a liquid culture medium with selenium concentration of 100 mug/mL for primary screening, selecting single colonies with different colors, shapes and the like for plate streak purification, screening 17 bacterial strains together, and carrying out 16S rRNA sequencing on the primarily screened single colonies to identify the strains and screen the selenium resistance.

2.2 identification of 16S rRNA of Strain

The strains separated and purified after primary screening were subjected to colony PCR amplification, and the PCR products were verified by agarose gel electrophoresis as shown in FIG. 1.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the PCR product band appears around 1500bp, and the band is clear, which indicates that the PCR product amplification is successful.

And purifying the residual PCR product by using a DNA Purification Kit, sending the purified PCR product to Shenzhen Hua Dagen corporation for 16SrRNA sequencing, comparing the sequencing sequence by using BLAST registered on an NCBI database, and comparing the comparison results as shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 BLAST alignment of strains

As can be seen from table 4, a total of 9 different genera of bacteria were obtained: a1 is Comamonas (Comamonas), A2 is Providence (Providence), A3, B2, B4, C1, D1, D4 and D5 are all lysine Bacillus (Lysinibacillus), A4, B1 and B3 are Bacillus (Bacillus), C2 is Pantoea (Pantoea), C3 is Enterobacter (Enterobacter), D2 is Scorzonera (Myroides), D3 is Microbacterium (Exiguobacterium) and D6 is Klebsiella (Klebsiella). Among them, the most obtained genera are the genera Bacillus Lysinibacillus (Lysinibacillus) and the next Bacillus (Bacillus). The lysine bacillus (Lysinibacillus) can be screened from the selenium-enriched soil in four different places of the culture pond, which indicates that the lysine bacillus is commonly present in the selenium-enriched soil of the culture pond.

2.3 screening of selenium-resistant Strain

The growth of the isolated and purified strains in solid media with different selenium concentrations is shown in Table 5 below.

TABLE 5 growth of the strains at different concentrations of selenium

Note: + represents growth; -means no growth

As can be seen by combining tables 4 and 5, the highest tolerated strain at site A was A1, Comamonas (Comamonas), with a highest tolerated selenium content of 50000. mu.g/mL; the highest tolerant strain of site B is B4 which is lysine bacillus (Lysinibacillus), and the highest tolerant selenium content is 45000 mug/mL; the highest tolerant strain at site C is C3 Enterobacter (Enterobacter), and the highest tolerant selenium content is 50000 μ g/mL; the strain with the highest tolerance in the D site is D6 which is Klebsiella (Klebsiella), and the highest tolerant selenium content is 50000 mu g/mL.

Besides the bacteria most resistant to selenium in each location, the bacteria resistant to 45000. mu.g/mL have A2 Provedorns (Providencia), the bacteria resistant to 40000. mu.g/mL the highest have A3 and C1 both of Lysinibacterium (Lysinibacillus), D3 Enterobacter (Enterobacter), and the bacteria resistant to 35000. mu.g/mL the highest have B2 and D1 both of Lysinibacterium (Lysinibacillus) and C2 Pantoea (Pantoea). The bacterium with the highest tolerance of 25000 mu g/mL has D2 aroma bacteria (Myroides), the bacterium with the highest tolerance of 15000 mu g/mL has B3 Bacillus (Bacillus), and the bacterium with the highest tolerance of 5000 mu g/mL has A4 and B1 which are both Bacillus (Bacillus).

Therefore, the bacteria after primary screening can grow on a 5000 mu g/mL solid culture medium, the lysine Bacillus (Lysinibacillus) has stronger selenium resistance and can grow in the range of 35000 mu g/mL-50000 mu g/mL, the selenium resistance of the Bacillus (Bacillus) is weaker, and the highest tolerance concentration is 15000 mu g/mL.

2.4 identification of selenium-resistant strains

2.4.1 morphological Observation of selenium-resistant Strain

Four pure selenium-resistant strains were cultured at 30 ℃ for 24 hours, and the forms of the strains are shown in FIG. 2.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the A1 strain was white and opaque, round and easily picked up, with clean edges, soft texture, and medium size. The B4 strain is white, translucent, irregular and easy to pick up, has nibbled edge and moist texture. The C3 strain is white and opaque, round and easy to pick up, and has neat edges, smooth surface, soft texture and medium size. The D6 strain is white and round, has neat and opaque edges, wet texture and easy picking, and has medium size.

2.4.2 gram staining of selenium resistant Strain

Gram staining is a method of identification that is widely used in cytology. Gram-positive bacteria appear bluish purple after staining, and gram-negative bacteria appear red after staining. The results of gram staining of four selenium-resistant strains obtained in this experiment are shown in fig. 3;

as can be seen from FIG. 3, the A1 strain is rod-shaped, and is stained red, which is a gram-negative bacterium; the B4 strain is long rod-shaped, is purple after being dyed and is gram-positive bacteria; the C3 strain is rod-shaped, is stained red and is a gram-negative bacterium; the D6 strain is rod-shaped, and is stained red, and is a gram-negative bacterium.

2.4.3 Systemic Tree construction of selenium resistant Strain

Comparing the 16SrRNA sequences of the four screened selenium-resistant strains with an NCBI database, selecting seven sequences with higher consistency for each strain, and constructing a phylogenetic tree by using MAGE-X, wherein the constructed phylogenetic tree is shown in figure 4.

As can be seen from fig. 4: the A1 strain has higher similarity with Comamonas (Comamonas), and the A1 strain is determined to be Comamonas and is named Comamonas testosteroni GX-A1;

the similarity of the B4 strain and lysine bacillus (Lysinibacillus) is higher, the B4 is determined to be the lysine bacillus, and the B4 is named as the lysine bacillus boronolans GX-B4;

the similarity of the C3 strain and the Enterobacter (Enterobacter) is high, the C3 is determined to be the Enterobacter, and the Enterobacter ludwigii GX-C3 is named;

the strain D6 has high similarity with Klebsiella (Klebsiella), and D6 is determined to be Klebsiella and is named as Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.

2.5 growth Curve

Inoculating the four screened selenium-resistant strains into a beef extract peptone liquid culture medium, and measuring the OD of the bacterium liquid every two hours₆₀₀Values, growth curves were plotted and the results are shown in figure 5.

As can be seen from fig. 5: the A1 strain has a logarithmic phase of 0 to 10h and grows rapidly; the stabilization period is 10 to 22 h;

the B4 strain grows rapidly between 0 and 6h, and is the log phase of the strain growth; the growth can still continue for 6 to 12 hours, but the growth rate is lower than before, and the logarithmic phase of the strain is still formed; the stationary phase of the strain is between 12 and 22 h;

the C3 strain grows rapidly between 0 and 8 hours and is in the logarithmic phase of the strain growth, which indicates that the strain C3 can be well adapted to the environment; the strain C3 can still continue to grow between 8 and 16h, but the growth rate is reduced compared with the prior strain, and the logarithmic phase of the strain is still achieved; the growth rate of the strain tends to be stable between 16 and 22 hours, which indicates that the strain is in a stationary phase;

d6 strain 0-12 h is log phase of strain, and grows rapidly; the stationary phase of the strain growth is 12 to 22 h.

It can be seen that the C3 strain grew slightly faster than the other three strains, and the C3 and D6 strains possessed more biomass in stationary phase than the other two strains.

2.6 removal Rate of selenium resistant bacteria

Four strains of liquid culture media with different selenium concentrations were set, and after shaking culture for 6 days, the concentration of selenium remaining in the culture media was measured, and the results are shown in fig. 6.

As can be seen from FIG. 6, the four strains can grow at selenium concentrations of 0-5000. mu.g/mL, and have good selenium removal effects. Wherein, the removal rate of the A1 strain reaches 37.44 percent at 2000 mug/mL selenium concentration; the removal rate of the B4 bacterial strain reaches the highest 34.1% under the selenium concentration of 3000 mu g/mL; the removal rate of the C3 strain reaches 46.76 percent at 2000 mu g/mL; the removal rate of the D6 strain reaches 40.04 percent at 4000 mu g/mL.

In addition, the selenium concentration is in the range of 0-4000 mu g/mL, the removal rate of the C3 strain is higher than that of the other three strains, the removal rate of the D6 strain is higher than that of the other three strains in the range of 4000-5000 mu g/mL. The selenium concentration is in the range of 0-4000 mug/mL, the removal rate effect of the C3 strain is the best, and the removal rate is 46.76% at the highest; within the range of 4000-5000. mu.g/mL, the removal rate effect of the D6 strain is the best, and the removal rate is 40.04 percent at the highest.

Secondly, the removal rates of the four strains show a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing and then tending to balance, which is probably because the strains have higher adsorption capacity at relatively lower selenium concentration, and the adsorption of the thalli reaches a saturated state along with the increase of the selenium concentration in the liquid culture medium.

In conclusion, the four selenium-resistant strains screened by the invention have the selenium removal effect.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Sequence listing

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Claims (2)

1. A selenium-resistant strain Comamonas testosteroni GX-A1 is classified as Comamonas testosteroni, and is deposited in Guangdong province microorganism culture collection center at 12/10/2020, with a collection number of GDMCC No.61357, and its gene sequence is shown in SEQ ID No. 1.

2. Use of the selenium-tolerant strain Comamonas testosteroni GX-A1 according to claim 1 for removing selenium from soil.

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