CN112830976A - Method for preparing cellulose acetate from rice hulls - Google Patents
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- CN112830976A CN112830976A CN202110278867.3A CN202110278867A CN112830976A CN 112830976 A CN112830976 A CN 112830976A CN 202110278867 A CN202110278867 A CN 202110278867A CN 112830976 A CN112830976 A CN 112830976A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of waste resource recycling, in particular to a method for preparing cellulose acetate and a coal water slurry dispersing agent by using rice hulls. Removing more than 90% of lignin by a hydrothermal sulfonation method, filtering, collecting filter residue and filtrate respectively, and carrying out low-temperature esterification reaction on the filter residue to prepare high-quality cellulose acetate (with the substitution degree of 2.45 and the polymerization degree of 197) and high-purity (more than 99%) silicon dioxide powder. And sulfonating, condensing and modifying the filtrate to prepare the water-coal-slurry dispersing agent, wherein the concentration of the water-coal-slurry dispersing agent mixed with the lignite powder is 62-65%, no hard precipitate is generated after standing for 7 days at room temperature, and the viscosity is lower than 1400mPa & s. The invention has the characteristics of simple process and high added value of products, and is an effective way for high-value extending processing of the rice hulls.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of recycling of agricultural and forestry waste resources, in particular to a method for preparing a water-coal-slurry dispersing agent by performing hydrothermal sulfonation on rice hulls, filtering and separating, esterifying filter residues to prepare cellulose acetate, and sulfonating and condensing filtrate.
Background
Rice is produced by 2.1 million tons in China every year, and the rice husk accounts for about 20 percent, namely the yield of the rice husk is about 4200 ten thousand tons every year. The enormous production comes with severe environmental stress. The high content of cellulose and silicon limits the utilization of the rice hulls, and also makes the rice hulls difficult to decompose in natural environment, and the returning efficiency is low. At present, only a small part of rice hulls are used as biological fertilizer, active carbon, soil conditioner and the like, and most of the rice hulls are still used as waste or low-value fuel[1]. Related researches at home and abroad mainly focus on rice hull carbon or rice hull silicon[2, 3, 4]However, in the process of carbonization or silicon extraction, cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose are often not effectively utilized, and comprehensive utilization of rice hulls is difficult to realize.
Cellulose acetate is an esterification product of cellulose, has the characteristics of excellent hydrophilic property, low cost, good thermoplasticity, biodegradability and the like, and the specific properties are different according to different substitution degrees[5]. The annual demand of the cellulose acetate in China is 16 ten thousand tons, and a large amount of imports are needed[6]In recent years, cellulose acetate has attracted a lot of attention to various film products[7]. On the other hand, the raw material for producing the cellulose acetate is mainly wood pulp or cotton pulp with higher price at present, so that the development of new production raw materials for producing the cellulose acetate has important significance.
The extraction method of cellulose mainly comprises an acid method[8]Alkaline process[9]Ionic liquid process[10]Biological enzyme method[11]Neutral sulfite process[12]On one hand, the use of acid and alkali can generate waste water which needs to be neutralized, on the other hand, the requirement on production equipment is high, and the ionic liquid is difficult to be industrially applied due to high price. The neutral sulfite method has relatively low production condition requirement, low production cost and suitability for industrial production, and the hydrothermal sulfonation mode can further reduce the production cost. In addition, the waste water produced in the production process contains lignosulfonate, so that the lignosulfonate can be used as a chemical additive, such as a coal water slurry additive[13]. As slurry fuel obtained by mixing coal powder and water, the coal water slurry has the advantages of oil substitution, energy conservation, high efficiency, low pollution and the like, and the chemical additive is one of the most critical factors influencing the quality of the coal water slurry[14]. The lignin in the rice hull can be chemically modified to prepare the medium-low end coal water slurry dispersant, and the medium-low end coal water slurry dispersant can be further chemically modified, such as sulfonation[15]Graft copolymerization of[16]Etc. or with other agents, e.g. sodium tripolyphosphate[17]Naphthalene sulfonate[18]And the like, can prepare the high-efficiency coal water slurry dispersing agent.
The esterification reaction of cellulose is shown in figure 1.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for preparing cellulose acetate from rice hulls and a high-valued utilization scheme of waste liquid in the production process for enlarging the source of raw materials for producing the cellulose acetate. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of utilizing a hydrothermal sulfonation technology, adopting water as a solvent to delignify rice hulls under the action of a sulfonating agent, filtering an obtained product, and collecting filter residues and filtrate respectively. The filter residue is esterified to prepare cellulose acetate, and the filtrate is modified and then mixed with pulverized lignite to prepare the coal water slurry.
The steps and conditions of the method for preparing cellulose acetate from rice hulls provided by the invention are as follows: adding the pretreated rice hulls into a hydrothermal kettle, adding water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 2-5:1, adding a sulfonating agent according to 10-25% of the mass of the rice hulls, and controlling the reaction temperature at 140-180 ℃ and the reaction time for 60-90 minutes. And after the reaction is finished, cooling the product to room temperature, filtering, collecting filter residues and filtrate respectively, and drying the filter residues for later use. Adding a certain mass of dried filter residue into a 100 mL flask, adding an activating agent according to a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1, activating for 3-5 hours at 30-40 ℃, respectively adding a catalyst and an esterifying agent according to 1-10% and 2-6 times of the dry weight of the filter residue, centrifuging after the reaction is finished, taking supernatant, adding water, filtering and drying the separated floccule to obtain cellulose acetate, and roasting the lower-layer solid at 600 ℃. Adding sodium sulfite and acetone into the filtrate according to the ratio of 0.5-0.7:1, reacting for 3-5 hours at the temperature of 85-90 ℃, cooling the product, adding pulverized lignite according to 1-5%, uniformly mixing, and stirring for 10-20 minutes at the speed of 1000-1200 revolutions per minute to obtain the slurry, namely the coal water slurry.
The hydrothermal sulfonation liquid-solid ratio is 2-4: 1.
Preferably, the proportion of the hydrothermal sulfonation sulfonating agent is 15-20%.
The hydrothermal sulfonation temperature is preferably 150-160 ℃.
The hydrothermal sulfonation time is preferably 70 to 85 minutes.
Preferably, the esterification activating agent is glacial acetic acid, the dosage of the esterifying activating agent is 10 times of that of filter residue dry materials, the activating temperature is 37-40 ℃, and the activating time is 2-6 hours.
Preferably, the esterification catalyst is sulfuric acid, the esterifying agent is acetic anhydride, the dosage of the esterification catalyst is 8-13% and 3-5 times of the dry material of the filter residue, the reaction temperature is 31-36 ℃, and the reaction time is 5-12 hours.
Preferably, the ratio of the modified filtrate to the modified filtrate is 0.6-0.65:1= sodium sulfite: acetone.
Preferably, the filtrate modification temperature is 86-88 ℃.
Preferably, the filtrate modification time is 4 to 5 hours.
Preferably, the filtrate additive is present in a ratio of 2-4%.
Preferably, the stirring speed of the filtrate water-coal-slurry preparation is 1150-1200 rpm.
Preferably, the preparation stirring time of the filtrate coal water slurry is 15-20 minutes.
The product characterization method is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of measuring substitution degree, measuring polymerization degree, Fourier infrared absorption spectrum, measuring concentration of the coal water slurry, measuring apparent viscosity of the coal water slurry and measuring stability of the coal water slurry.
The degree of substitution was calculated from the acetic acid value by measuring the hydrolysis acetic acid value in accordance with HG/T3021-1999. The viscosity number of the dilute cellulose acetate solution was measured according to HG/T2758-. Performing infrared absorption spectrum determination by potassium bromide tabletting method, wherein the scanning wave number range is 4000--1. And (4) determining the concentration of the coal water slurry according to GB/T18856.2-2008. The apparent viscosity of the coal water slurry is measured according to GB/T18856.4-2008. And (4) determining the stability of the coal water slurry according to GB/T18856.5-2008.
Drawings
FIG. 1 esterification of cellulose with acetic anhydride
FIG. 2 Infrared absorption spectra of rice hulls and cellulose acetate
Advantageous effects
The method has the following remarkable characteristics:
the invention removes more than 90% of lignin in the rice hull by a hydrothermal sulfonation method. After the product is filtered, the filter residue is esterified to prepare cellulose acetate with the substitution degree of 2.45 and the polymerization degree of 197 and silicon dioxide powder with the purity of more than 99 percent, and the filtrate is sulfonated, condensed and modified to prepare the water-coal-slurry dispersing agent, so that the full component utilization of the rice hull is realized. Further, the following steps are carried out:
1, the method adopts a hydrothermal sulfonation method, removes most of lignin under a smaller solid-to-liquid ratio (1: 2-4), and reduces the generation of pollution sources.
2, the invention adopts a low-temperature esterification method to prepare high-quality cellulose acetate and high-purity silicon dioxide powder, and improves the utilization rate of the rice hull component.
3, the water-coal-slurry dispersing agent is prepared by sulfonating, condensing and modifying the filtrate obtained by hydrothermal sulfonation, the dispersing effect on lignite is obvious, other by-products generated in the pulping process are converted into fuel, and the prepared black liquid water-coal-slurry meets the national standard requirements, so that the pollution generated in the pulping process is eliminated, and the pollution in the coal burning process is reduced.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1 the steps and conditions of a process for making cellulose acetate from rice hulls are as follows: and (2) adding 10g of rice hull, 50 g of water and 1 g of sodium sulfite into the hydrothermal kettle, setting the temperature rise time to be 40 minutes, the heat preservation time to be 50 minutes and the heat preservation temperature to be 150 ℃, cooling after the reaction is finished, filtering, respectively collecting filter residue and filtrate, and drying the filter residue for later use. Mixing the dried filter residue with acetic acid according to a ratio of 1:10, activating for 3 hours at 40 ℃, adding acetic anhydride according to the mass of 4 times of the dry product, adding sulfuric acid according to the mass of 10% of the dry product, reacting for 12 hours at 35 ℃, centrifuging the product, taking supernatant, adding water to separate out white floccule, filtering and separating the product, namely cellulose acetate, and roasting the lower-layer solid at 600 ℃. To the filtrate was added sodium sulfite at 0.5: 1: and reacting acetone at 85 ℃ for 5 hours, adding the product after the reaction into lignite powder according to 2%, and stirring at 1200 rpm for 20 minutes. The degree of polymerization of cellulose acetate was calculated to be 72, the degree of substitution 2.83, and the purity of silica was calculated to be 99.1%. The concentration of the coal water slurry is 63.5%, the viscosity is 1364mPa & s, and no hard precipitate is generated after standing for 7 days at room temperature. .
Example 2 the steps and conditions of a process for making cellulose acetate from rice hulls are as follows: and (2) adding 10g of rice hull, 50 g of water and 1 g of sodium sulfite into the hydrothermal kettle, setting the temperature rise time to be 40 minutes, the heat preservation time to be 50 minutes and the heat preservation temperature to be 150 ℃, cooling after the reaction is finished, filtering, respectively collecting filter residue and filtrate, and drying the filter residue for later use. Mixing the dried filter residue with acetic acid according to a ratio of 1:10, activating for 3 hours at 40 ℃, adding acetic anhydride according to the mass of 4 times of the dry product, adding sulfuric acid according to the mass of 10% of the dry product, reacting for 10 hours at 35 ℃, centrifuging the product, taking supernatant, adding water to separate out white floccule, filtering and separating the product, namely cellulose acetate, and roasting the lower-layer solid at 600 ℃. To the filtrate was added sodium sulfite at 0.6: 1: acetone, at 85 ℃ for 3 hours. The product after the reaction is finished is added into the lignite powder according to 2 percent and stirred for 20 minutes at 1200 revolutions per minute. The degree of polymerization of cellulose acetate was calculated to be 111, the degree of substitution 2.75, and the purity of silica was calculated to be 99.3%. The concentration of the coal water slurry is 62.4 percent, the viscosity is 1200mPa & s, and no hard precipitate is generated after standing for 7 days at room temperature.
Example 3 the steps and conditions of a process for making cellulose acetate from rice hulls are as follows: and (2) adding 10g of rice hull, 50 g of water and 2g of sodium sulfite into the hydrothermal kettle, setting the temperature rise time to be 40 minutes, the heat preservation time to be 50 minutes and the heat preservation temperature to be 150 ℃, cooling after the reaction is finished, filtering, respectively collecting filter residue and filtrate, and drying the filter residue for later use. Mixing the dried filter residue with acetic acid according to a ratio of 1:10, activating at 40 ℃ for 3 hours, respectively adding acetic anhydride according to the mass of 4 times of the dry product, adding sulfuric acid according to the mass of 10% of the dry product, and reacting at 35 ℃ for 10 hours. And (3) centrifugally separating the product, adding water into the supernatant to separate out white floccule, filtering and separating the product to obtain the cellulose acetate, and roasting the lower-layer solid at 600 ℃. To the filtrate was added sodium sulfite at 0.7: 1: acetone, at 90 ℃ for 5 hours. The product after the reaction is finished is added into pulverized lignite according to the proportion of 1 percent, and is stirred for 20 minutes at 1200 revolutions per minute. The degree of polymerization of cellulose acetate was calculated to be 130, the degree of substitution 2.76, and the purity of silica 99.3%. The concentration of the coal water slurry is 62.8 percent, the viscosity is 1055 mPa.s, and no hard precipitate is generated after standing for 7 days at room temperature.
Example 4 the steps and conditions of a process for making cellulose acetate from rice hulls are as follows: and (2) adding 10g of rice hull, 50 g of water and 2g of sodium sulfite into the hydrothermal kettle, setting the temperature rise time to be 40 minutes, the heat preservation time to be 50 minutes and the heat preservation temperature to be 150 ℃, cooling after the reaction is finished, filtering, respectively collecting filter residue and filtrate, and drying the filter residue for later use. Mixing the dried filter residue with acetic acid according to a ratio of 1:10, activating at 40 ℃ for 3 hours, respectively adding acetic anhydride according to the mass of 4 times of the dry product, adding sulfuric acid according to the mass of 10% of the dry product, and reacting at 35 ℃ for 8 hours. And (3) centrifugally separating the product, adding water into the supernatant to separate out white floccule, filtering and separating the product to obtain the cellulose acetate, and roasting the lower-layer solid at 600 ℃. To the filtrate was added sodium sulfite at 0.7: 1: acetone, at 85 ℃ for 4 hours. The product after the reaction is finished is added into the lignite powder according to the proportion of 3 percent and stirred for 20 minutes at 1200 rpm. The degree of polymerization of cellulose acetate was calculated to be 150, the degree of substitution 2.75, and the purity of silica was calculated to be 99.6%. The concentration of the coal water slurry is 63.8 percent, the viscosity is 980 mPa.s, and no hard precipitate is generated after standing for 8 days at room temperature.
Example 5 the steps and conditions of a process for making cellulose acetate from rice hulls are as follows: and (2) adding 10g of rice hull, 50 g of water and 2g of sodium sulfite into the hydrothermal kettle, setting the temperature rise time to be 40 minutes, the heat preservation time to be 50 minutes and the heat preservation temperature to be 150 ℃, cooling after the reaction is finished, filtering, respectively collecting filter residue and filtrate, and drying the filter residue for later use. Mixing the dried filter residue with acetic acid according to a ratio of 1:10, activating at 40 ℃ for 3 hours, respectively adding acetic anhydride according to the mass of 4 times of the dry product, adding sulfuric acid according to the mass of 10% of the dry product, and reacting at 35 ℃ for 5 hours. And (3) centrifugally separating the product, adding water into the supernatant to separate out white floccule, filtering and separating the product to obtain the cellulose acetate, and roasting the lower-layer solid at 600 ℃. To the filtrate was added sodium sulfite at 0.7: 1: acetone, at 90 ℃ for 5 hours. The product after the reaction is finished is added into pulverized lignite according to 4 percent and stirred for 20 minutes at 1200 revolutions per minute. The degree of polymerization of cellulose acetate was calculated to be 197, the degree of substitution 2.45, and the purity of silica 99.6%. The concentration of the coal water slurry is 65.0 percent, the viscosity is 838mPa & s, and no hard precipitate is generated after standing for 10 days at room temperature.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention and the equivalent alternatives or modifications according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing cellulose acetate from rice hulls is characterized in that:
adding certain mass of pretreated rice hull powder into a 50 mL hydrothermal kettle, adding a hydrothermal solvent according to the liquid-solid ratio of 2-5:1, adding a sulfonating agent according to 15-25% of the mass of the rice hull, and reacting in a muffle furnace according to the following procedures: (1) heating for 50-80 min; (2) the heat preservation temperature is 140-; (3) the heat preservation time is 60-90 minutes;
cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering and separating to collect filter residue and filtrate respectively, and drying the filter residue for later use;
adding a certain mass of dried filter residue into a 100 mL flask, adding an activating agent according to a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1, activating for 3-5 hours at 30-40 ℃, respectively adding a catalyst and an esterifying agent according to 1-10% and 2-6 times of the dry weight of the filter residue, centrifuging after the reaction is finished, taking supernatant liquid, adding the supernatant liquid into water, filtering and drying the separated floccule to obtain cellulose acetate, and roasting the lower-layer solid at 600 ℃ to obtain high-purity silicon dioxide (more than 99%);
adding sodium sulfite and acetone into the filtrate according to the ratio of 0.5-0.7:1, reacting for 3-5 hours at the temperature of 85-90 ℃, cooling the product, adding pulverized lignite according to 1-5%, uniformly mixing, and stirring for 10-20 minutes at the speed of 1000-1200 revolutions per minute to obtain the slurry, namely the coal water slurry.
2. The process of making cellulose acetate from rice hulls according to claim 1 wherein: the raw material is rice husk.
3. The process of making cellulose acetate from rice hulls according to claim 1 wherein: the hydrothermal sulfonation solvent is water, the mass ratio of liquid to solid is 2-5:1, the hydrothermal sulfonation temperature is 140-.
4. The process of making cellulose acetate from rice hulls according to claim 1 wherein: the activating agent used in the esterification process is glacial acetic acid, the activation temperature is 30-40 ℃, the activation time is 3-5 hours, and the mass ratio of liquid to solid is 10: 1.
5. The process of making cellulose acetate from rice hulls according to claim 1 wherein: the esterifying agent used in the esterification process is acetic anhydride, the catalyst is sulfuric acid, and the dosage of the esterifying agent is 2-4 times and 1-10% of the dry weight of filter residue after hydrothermal sulfonation respectively.
6. The process of making cellulose acetate from rice hulls according to claim 1 wherein: and collecting the filtrate to prepare the coal water slurry dispersing agent.
7. The process of making cellulose acetate from rice hulls according to claim 1 wherein: the preparation conditions of the coal water slurry dispersant are sodium sulfite: the proportion of acetone is 0.5-0.7:1, the reaction time is 3-5 hours, and the reaction temperature is 85-90 ℃.
8. The process of making cellulose acetate from rice hulls according to claim 1 wherein: the coal water slurry dispersant accounts for 1-5% of the pulverized lignite, the stirring speed is 1000-.
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Application publication date: 20210525 |