CN112822661B - Vehicle task unloading method, system, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Vehicle task unloading method, system, equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN112822661B CN112822661B CN202110002627.0A CN202110002627A CN112822661B CN 112822661 B CN112822661 B CN 112822661B CN 202110002627 A CN202110002627 A CN 202110002627A CN 112822661 B CN112822661 B CN 112822661B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/44—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for communication between vehicles and infrastructures, e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/48—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for in-vehicle communication
Abstract
The invention provides a vehicle task unloading method, a system, equipment and a storage medium, wherein a road side unit where a vehicle is located and a road side unit which passes next are taken as core cooperation sections, when the vehicle carries out task unloading distribution in the current road side unit section of the vehicle, communication vacancy of the vehicle and other vehicles is utilized while task unloading is carried out on an edge server of the current road side unit of the vehicle, partial tasks are unloaded to the edge server of the road side unit which passes next of the vehicle in advance in a vehicle relay communication mode for calculation, and therefore the idle calculation resources in a network are expanded and cooperated, calculation time delay is reduced, and user experience is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a vehicle task unloading method, a vehicle task unloading system, vehicle task unloading equipment and a storage medium.
Background
Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) allows a Mobile device to migrate a local hard-to-complete Computing task to a nearby base station or wireless access point (e.g., a roadside unit) for execution, so as to meet the requirements of fifth generation Mobile communication technology for high reliability and low latency.
The vehicle can cause intolerable frequent interruptions in the offloading of computing tasks during movement. In addition, the factors of direction, speed and the like of the vehicle during the moving process are variable, so that the task unloading becomes more complicated. These factors can result in wasted computing and communication resources, as well as a degradation in the quality of the user experience.
In the existing calculation task unloading process of the internet of vehicles, the calculation resources of the mobile edge calculation server (abbreviated as MEC server) of the current road side unit are mainly utilized, and the calculation time delay of the task is not reduced through cooperative work. When the vehicle is unloaded and transmitted locally, the remaining communication resources of the vehicle and the computing resources of other idle vehicles are not fully utilized, and in the process of unloading the computing tasks of the internet of vehicles, the requirements of the tasks on the computing resources cannot be met in one road side unit due to the mobility of the vehicle and the diversity of the computing tasks, and a large amount of time and communication overhead are needed for the migration of the tasks among the road side units, so that the unloading efficiency of the computing tasks is reduced. The problems of high time delay and low unloading efficiency exist in the unloading process of the calculation tasks of the Internet of vehicles.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and a system for offloading a vehicle task, which are used to solve the technical problems of high time delay and low offloading efficiency in an offloading process of a computing task of an internet of vehicles in the prior art.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a vehicle task unloading method, including:
respectively acquiring the actual unloading number of the task blocks of each vehicle in the road side unit section where the vehicle is currently located and the unloading distribution ratio of each vehicle to the local part of the vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the task block of the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit section where the vehicle is currently located based on the moving speed of each vehicle in each road side unit, the coverage area of each road side unit, the computing capacity of each vehicle and the computing capacity of each road side unit;
and performing task distribution on the vehicle local, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next according to the actual unloading number of the task blocks of each vehicle in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located and the unloading distribution ratio of the task blocks of each vehicle to the vehicle local, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located.
In an optional embodiment, the step of obtaining the actual unloading number of the task blocks of the target vehicle in the road side unit section where the vehicle is currently located and the unloading distribution ratio of the task blocks of the target vehicle to the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit section where the vehicle is currently located includes:
dividing a task to be unloaded of a target vehicle into a plurality of task blocks;
respectively acquiring the maximum number of task blocks of the target vehicle, which can be unloaded to the local part of the vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next, in the current road side unit interval of the vehicle based on the moving speed of each vehicle in each road side unit, the coverage area of each road side unit, the computing capacity of each vehicle and the computing capacity of each road side unit;
acquiring the actual unloading number of task blocks of the target vehicle in the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located based on the maximum number of task blocks of the target vehicle which can be unloaded to the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the current road side unit interval of the vehicle;
and establishing a calculation time delay function, and optimizing the calculation time delay function to obtain the unloading distribution ratio of the target vehicle to the task blocks of the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located.
In an optional embodiment, the actual unloading number of the task blocks of the target vehicle in the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located is
Where theta is a scaling parameter, theta is greater than 0 and less than 1,
the maximum number of the task blocks of the target vehicle which can be unloaded to the local vehicle, the road side unit i where the vehicle is located currently and the road side unit i +1 where the vehicle passes next in the current road side unit interval of the vehicle are respectively.
In an alternative embodiment, the calculated delay function is
Wherein T is the calculation time delay, N represents the number of the road side units,
for the total energy consumption of the target vehicle in the road side unit i section where the vehicle is currently located, EconstraintIs the energy limit available for use by the target vehicle,
respectively calculating the time, delta, needed by the task blocks unloaded to the local part of the vehicle, the road side unit i where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit i +1 where the vehicle passes next in the interval of the road side unit i where the vehicle is currently locatediAssigning a coefficient related to the task block offload.
In an alternative embodiment, each vehicle offloads the task to the road side unit that the vehicle next passes by way of a vehicle relay.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention also provides a vehicle mission unloading system, including:
the task block unloading number and unloading distribution ratio acquisition module is used for respectively acquiring the actual unloading number of the task block of each vehicle in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located and the unloading distribution ratio of each vehicle to the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the task block of the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located based on the moving speed of each vehicle in each road side unit, the coverage area of each road side unit, the calculation capacity of each vehicle and the calculation capacity of each road side unit;
and the distribution module is used for unloading tasks according to the actual unloading number of the task blocks of each vehicle in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located and the unloading distribution ratio of the task blocks of each vehicle to the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located.
In an optional embodiment, the task block unloading number and unloading distribution ratio obtaining module includes:
the task block dividing module is used for dividing tasks needing to be unloaded by the target vehicle into a plurality of task blocks;
the maximum task block unloading number calculation module is used for respectively acquiring the maximum task block numbers of the target vehicle which can be unloaded to the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the current road side unit interval of the vehicle based on the moving speed of each vehicle in each road side unit, the coverage area of each road side unit, the calculation capacity of each vehicle and the calculation capacity of each road side unit;
the actual task block unloading number calculation module is used for acquiring the actual unloading number of the task blocks of the target vehicle in the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located based on the maximum task block numbers of the road side unit where the target vehicle can be unloaded to the local part of the vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next;
and the task block unloading distribution ratio calculation module is used for establishing a calculation time delay function and optimizing the calculation time delay function so as to obtain the task block unloading distribution ratio of the target vehicle to the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located.
In an alternative embodiment, each vehicle offloads the task to the road side unit that the vehicle next passes by way of a vehicle relay.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention also provides a vehicle task unloading apparatus, including:
a plurality of vehicles configured with a control unit;
a plurality of road side units configured with edge servers, which are arranged at intervals in sequence along the traveling path of the vehicle so as to continuously cover the traveling path of the vehicle;
wherein the control unit comprises a processor and a memory coupled to each other, the memory storing program instructions that, when executed by the processor, implement the vehicle task offloading method.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention also provides a storage medium including a program which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the vehicle task offloading method.
According to the vehicle task unloading method, the system, the equipment and the storage medium, the road side unit where the vehicle is located and the road side unit which passes next are used as the core cooperation section, when the vehicle carries out task unloading distribution in the current road side unit section of the vehicle, communication vacancy of the vehicle and other vehicles is utilized while task unloading is carried out on the edge server of the current road side unit of the vehicle, partial tasks are unloaded to the edge server of the road side unit which passes next of the vehicle in advance in a vehicle relay communication mode for calculation, and therefore the idle calculation resources in a network are expanded and cooperated, calculation time delay is reduced, and user experience is improved.
According to the vehicle task unloading method, the system, the equipment and the storage medium, the actual unloading number of the task blocks of each vehicle in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located is obtained by considering the parameters of the moving speed of the vehicle, the road side unit coverage area, the transmission rate, the calculation resources and the like, and the unloading distribution ratio of each vehicle to the task blocks of the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located is distributed, so that the calculation time delay can be kept at a low level on the premise of keeping the unloading uninterrupted, and the unloading time and the unloading efficiency have good performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system model diagram of a vehicle mobile offloading network according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a task unloading method of a vehicle according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing the construction of the vehicle task unloading system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of the control unit of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the speed of the vehicle in the current RSU and the next RSU on the number of task blocks that can be processed by the current RSU in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows a graph of the delay in the last RSU of the present invention at different assignment ratios of unloading of task blocks.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 1-5. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the drawings only show the components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of each component in actual implementation may be changed arbitrarily, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
Fig. 1 shows a system model diagram of a vehicle mobile unloading network of the present invention, considering a road scene covered by one continuous road side unit, vehicles are randomly distributed to travel straight in a certain direction of the road. Referring to fig. 1, N roadside units 2 are disposed within the networking range, and each roadside unit 2 is provided with an edge server (MEC server for short), the edge server is used for the vehicles 1 in the coverage area to perform computation task offloading through Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication, and the vehicles 1 communicate with each other through Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) to transfer part of tasks to the next roadside unit 2 in advance. In order to determine the number of task blocks unloaded in each rsu 2 interval, the speed of the vehicle 1 in each rsu 2 interval, the interval size (i.e., the coverage area 2a) of each rsu 2, and the transmission rate are set to meet the actual scene. In this network, i ∈ {1,2, …, N } represents the nth roadside unit, and K ∈ {1,2, …, K } represents the kth vehicle.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a vehicle task unloading method according to the present invention, and referring to fig. 2, the vehicle task unloading method includes: step S10, respectively obtaining the actual unloading number of the task blocks of each vehicle in the road side unit section where the vehicle is currently located, and the unloading distribution ratio of each vehicle to the local part of the vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located, and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit section where the vehicle is currently located, based on the moving speed of each vehicle in each road side unit, the coverage area of each road side unit, the calculation capacity of each vehicle, and the calculation capacity of each road side unit. And step S20, distributing tasks to the local vehicle, the current road side unit of the vehicle and the road side unit of the vehicle passing next according to the actual unloading number of the task blocks of each vehicle in the road side unit interval of the current vehicle and the unloading distribution ratio of the task blocks of each vehicle to the local vehicle, the current road side unit of the vehicle and the road side unit of the vehicle passing next in the road side unit interval of the current vehicle. In the invention, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit which passes next are taken as core cooperation sections, when the vehicle unloads and distributes tasks in the current road side unit section of the vehicle, the communication idleness of the vehicle and other vehicles is utilized while the task is unloaded on the edge server of the current road side unit of the vehicle, and partial tasks are unloaded to the edge server which passes the road side unit next of the vehicle in advance in a vehicle relay communication mode for calculation, so that the calculation is carried out in cooperation with idle calculation resources in a network, the calculation time delay is reduced, and the user experience is improved.
Referring to fig. 2, in step S10, the actual unloading number of the task blocks of each vehicle in the rsu section where the vehicle is currently located and the unloading distribution ratio of each vehicle to the task blocks of the local vehicle, the rsu where the vehicle is currently located and the rsu where the vehicle passes next in the rsu section where the vehicle is currently located may further include steps S11-S14. Step S11, dividing the task to be unloaded of the vehicle k (target vehicle) into a plurality of task blocks; step S12, respectively acquiring the maximum number of task blocks of the vehicle k, which can be unloaded to the local part of the vehicle k, the road side unit i where the vehicle k is currently located and the road side unit i +1 where the vehicle k passes next, in the road side unit i interval where the vehicle k is currently located based on the moving speed of each vehicle in each road side unit, the coverage area of each road side unit, the calculation capacity of each vehicle and the calculation capacity of each road side unit; step S13, acquiring the actual unloading number of task blocks of the vehicle k in the road side unit i interval where the vehicle k is currently located based on the maximum task block numbers of the road side unit i where the vehicle k can be unloaded locally to the vehicle k in the road side unit i interval where the vehicle k is currently located and the road side unit i +1 where the vehicle k passes next; step S14, establishing a calculation time delay function, and optimizing the calculation time delay function to obtain the unloading distribution ratio of the task block of the vehicle k to the local road side unit i where the vehicle k is located, the road side unit i where the vehicle k is located currently and the road side unit i +1 where the vehicle k passes next in the section of the road side unit i where the vehicle k is located currently.
Specifically, the calculation data (calculation task) generated during the driving of the vehicle k may be respectively distributed to the vehicle k itself, the MEC server in the roadside unit i (hereinafter also denoted by the ith roadside unit) where the vehicle k is currently located, and the MEC server of the next roadside unit i +1 (hereinafter also denoted by the i +1 th roadside unit) where the vehicle k is to pass through, so that the step S12 may further include:
step S121: calculating the maximum number of task blocks which can be unloaded to the local part of the vehicle k in the road side unit i interval where the vehicle k is located
The time when the vehicle k passes through the signal coverage area of the ith road side unit is tiThe k-th vehicle has its own calculation capability of fkThus, the locally calculated maximum number of task blocks for vehicle k in the ith rsu may be expressed as:
wherein v isiIs the moving speed of the vehicle k at the i-th road side unit, riIs the coverage of the ith road side unit, ciIs the roadside distance of the ith road side unit, I is the number of bits contained in each task block, and α is the task complexity.
Step S122: obtaining the maximum number of task blocks which can be unloaded to the road side unit i where the vehicle k is currently located in the road side unit i interval where the vehicle k is currently located
Assuming that the vehicle keeps driving straight at a constant speed in each rsu, the average transmission rate of the vehicle k in the ith rsu can be expressed as
Where B is the channel bandwidth of the vehicle and the RSU, PkIs the transmission power of vehicle k, d (t) is the distance of vehicle k from the RSU base station at each moment, - γ is the channel attenuation index, h is the channel gain (also called the uplink channel fading coefficient), n0Is gaussian white noise power.
The maximum number of task blocks that vehicle k can offload to the MEC server in the ith RSU can be expressed as
Wherein, beta1，β2Overhead coefficients required for task blocking and header coefficients required for data offloading respectively,
it is the computing power of the MEC server in the ith rsu.
Step S123: acquiring the maximum task block number of the road side unit i +1 which can be unloaded to the next time by the vehicle k in advance in the road side unit i interval where the vehicle k is located
When a vehicle k runs, when a part of data is unloaded to the MEC server of the local road side unit i, all computing resources of the vehicle k are occupied, and communication resources of the vehicle k temporarily belong to an idle state, the required computing tasks can be unloaded to the MEC server in the road side unit i +1 through which the vehicle passes next in a vehicle communication mode. Wherein the relationship of the unloaded task amount and the time can be expressed as
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the maximum number of task blocks that the vehicle k needs to offload to the MEC server in the (i + 1) th road side unit by means of vehicle communication,
is the average transfer rate between the kth vehicle and the (k + 1) th vehicle.
Step S13 is executed: the actual unloading number of the task blocks which can be unloaded by the vehicle k in the ith road side unit interval can be expressed as:
wherein theta is a proportional parameter, theta is between greater than 0 and less than 1, and theta is set to improve the unloading stability of the system.
Step S14 is executed: time for unloading task to vehicle k to calculate task block in ith road side unit interval
Can be expressed as:
wherein deltaiRepresents the ratio of the number of task blocks actually distributed to the MEC server of the ith road side unit in the ith road side unit to the actual unloading number of task blocks unloaded by the vehicle k in the section of the ith road side unit, gammaiIs defined as
The ratio of (a) to (b).
Time required for calculation of unloading task to server of ith road side unit in ith road side unit interval
Can be expressed as:
the task is switched on in advance in the ith unit intervalCalculating required time by using MEC server distributed to (i + 1) th road side unit in vehicle passing relay mode
Can be expressed as:
total transmission time of vehicle k in the ith rsu section
Can be expressed as:
the total energy consumption in the ith road side unit may be expressed as:
wherein QtRepresenting the effective parameter, P, of the power amplifierlThe calculated power for the vehicle.
And establishing a calculation delay T function and related constraints as shown in the formula (12).
Wherein N represents the number of road side units,
for the total energy consumption of the target vehicle in the road side unit i section where the vehicle is currently located, EconstraintAn energy limit available for use by the target vehicle.
It should be noted that in equation (12), the present invention takes optimization of the calculated delay as an objectiveThe calculation delay refers to the final time when the vehicle receives the calculation result, so the calculation delay in unloading is required by the invention
Maximum value of (2). C1 indicates that the energy consumption of the vehicle in the i-th road side unit section is less than a certain limit, C2 indicates that the distribution ratio is between 0 and 1, and C3 indicates that the running speed of the vehicle k in the i-th inside unit section is greater than 0. By minimizing the value of equation (12), δ is obtainediTherefore, the unloading distribution ratio of the task blocks of the vehicle k to the local road side unit i where the vehicle k is located, the road side unit i where the vehicle k is located currently and the road side unit i +1 where the vehicle k passes next in the section of the road side unit i where the vehicle k is located currently can be obtained.
Step S20 is executed, when the vehicle k unloads tasks in the rsu i section where the vehicle k is currently located, the unloading may be executed according to the actual unloading number of the task blocks unloaded by the vehicle k in the ith rsu section and the unloading distribution ratio of the task blocks of the rsu i section where the vehicle k is currently located to the rsu i section where the vehicle k is locally located, the rsu i where the vehicle k is currently located, and the rsu i +1 where the vehicle k passes next. It should be noted that, assuming that the task of the vehicle k needs to be executed in a plurality of rsus, the actual unloading number of the task blocks that can be unloaded by the vehicle k in the last rsu section is the difference between the total number of the task blocks of the vehicle k and the actual unloading number of the task blocks of each rsu before the last rsu of the vehicle k, and the actual unloading number of the task blocks of each rsu before the last rsu of the vehicle k can be calculated according to (6).
As shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention further discloses a vehicle task unloading system 100, where the vehicle task unloading system 100 includes a task block unloading number and unloading distribution ratio obtaining module 10 and a distribution module 20; the task block unloading number and unloading distribution ratio acquisition module 10 is configured to respectively acquire an actual unloading number of the task block of each vehicle in the road side unit section where the vehicle is currently located and a task block unloading distribution ratio of each vehicle to the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located, and the road side unit where the vehicle next passes in the road side unit section where the vehicle is currently located, based on a moving speed of each vehicle in each road side unit, a coverage area of each road side unit, a calculation capability of each vehicle, and a calculation capability of each road side unit; the distribution module 20 is configured to perform task unloading according to the actual unloading number of the task block of each vehicle in the road side unit section where the vehicle is currently located and the unloading distribution ratio of the task block of each vehicle to the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located, and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit section where the vehicle is currently located.
Referring to fig. 3, the task block unloading number and unloading distribution ratio obtaining module 10 may further include a task block dividing module 11, a maximum task block unloading number calculating module 12, an actual task block unloading number calculating module 13, and a task block unloading distribution ratio calculating module 14; the task block dividing module 11 is configured to divide a task that needs to be unloaded by a target vehicle into a plurality of task blocks; the maximum task block unloading number calculation module 12 is configured to obtain, based on the moving speed of each vehicle in each roadside unit, the coverage area of each roadside unit, the calculation capacity of each vehicle, and the calculation capacity of each roadside unit, the maximum task block numbers that the target vehicle can unload to the local vehicle, the roadside unit where the vehicle is currently located, and the roadside unit where the vehicle passes next in the current roadside unit interval of the vehicle; the actual task block unloading number calculation module 13 is configured to obtain an actual unloading number of task blocks of the road side unit where the target vehicle is currently located in the vehicle based on a maximum task block number of the road side unit where the target vehicle can be unloaded locally to the vehicle, where the vehicle is currently located, and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next; the task block unloading distribution ratio calculation module 14 is configured to establish a calculation time delay function, and optimize the calculation time delay function to obtain a task block unloading distribution ratio of the target vehicle to a vehicle local place, a roadside unit where the vehicle is currently located, and a roadside unit where the vehicle passes next in a roadside unit interval where the vehicle is currently located.
It should be noted that the vehicle task unloading system 100 of the present invention is a system corresponding to the vehicle task unloading method, and the functional modules in the vehicle task unloading system 100 correspond to the corresponding steps in the vehicle task unloading method, respectively. The vehicle mission offloading system 100 of the present invention may be implemented in cooperation with a vehicle mission offloading method. The related technical details mentioned in the vehicle task unloading method of the present invention are still valid in the vehicle task unloading system 100, and are not described herein again in order to reduce repetition. Accordingly, the related art details mentioned in the vehicle task unloading system 100 of the present invention can also be applied to the vehicle task unloading method described above.
It should be noted that, in the actual implementation, all or part of the functional modules may be integrated into one physical entity, or may be physically separated. And these units can be implemented entirely in software, invoked by a processing element; or may be implemented entirely in hardware; and part of the units can be realized in the form of calling software by the processing element, and part of the units can be realized in the form of hardware. In addition, all or part of the units can be integrated together or can be independently realized. The processing element described herein may be an integrated circuit having signal processing capabilities. In implementation, the steps of the above method or the above modules may be implemented by hardware integrated logic circuits in the processor 201 elements or instructions in the form of software.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 4, the vehicle task offloading method according to the present invention may also be implemented by a control unit 200 disposed on a vehicle body of a vehicle, where the control unit 200 includes a memory 203 and a processor 201 connected to each other, and the memory 203 stores program instructions, and the program instructions are executed by the processor 201 to implement the vehicle task offloading method. It should be noted that, when communication with the outside is required, the control unit 200 further includes a communicator 202, and the communicator 202 is connected to the processor 201.
The processor 201 may be a general-purpose processor, and includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), and the like; or a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, a discrete Gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component; the Memory 203 may include a Random Access Memory (RAM), and may further include a Non-volatile Memory (Non-volatile Memory), such as at least one disk Memory.
It should be noted that the control unit 200 in the memory 203 may be implemented in the form of a software functional unit and may be stored in a computer readable storage medium when sold or used as a stand-alone product. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, an electronic device, or a network device) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
The present invention may also provide a storage medium storing a program that, when executed by the processor 201, implements the path planning method for an automatic lawnmower described above; the storage medium includes all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including, for example: semiconductor memory devices such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.
In order to verify the vehicle mission offloading method of the present invention, the inventors conducted simulation experiments. The Vehicle moving unloading network shown in fig. 1 is established, N roadside units 2 are arranged in a networking range, each roadside unit 2 is provided with an edge server (MEC server for short), the edge server can be used for calculating task unloading of vehicles 1 in a coverage area of the edge server through Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication, and partial tasks are transmitted in advance and unloaded to the next roadside unit 2 through Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication between the vehicles 1.
The test parameters in the simulation are shown in the following table:
experimental parameters
Fig. 5 shows the relationship between the moving speed of the vehicle in the current rsu and the moving speed in the next rsu and the number of task blocks allocated in the current rsu. In this case, the patent assumes that the total size of the task M is 200 MB. Since the communication and calculation conditions in each rsu interval may differ from each other, different rsus may be allocated different numbers of task blocks. The higher the communication or computing power that the rsu can provide, the more task blocks may be allocated within the rsu interval for processing. Furthermore, as the speed of the vehicle in each rsu increases, the number of task blocks processed in each rsu will decrease because the time that the vehicle stays in each rsu will decrease. Therefore, the number of task blocks to be processed by the vehicle in each road side unit section can be dynamically obtained according to the change of the speed movement.
In consideration of the user experience, the user really receives the required resources when the results of the computing task are all returned to the user. The final acquisition time of the task results is a measure of the task offload method results. Therefore, optimizing the total computation delay means that the number of task blocks allocated to the last rsu is reduced as much as possible, thereby achieving the effect that the user receives the result in the shortest time. Because the time that the user needs to wait in the road side unit before the calculation result is finally received is the time t that the vehicle is in the unitiTherefore, the invention takes the influence of the algorithm on the total calculation time delay into consideration, and the influence is reflected as the time delay in the road side unit when the result is finally received. FIG. 6 shows the time spent by the vehicle in the last RSU unloaded. In the comparison algorithm, the calculation of the MEC server in the current road side unit is calculated according to the time when the vehicle passes through the current road side unit, the vehicle calculation resource and the current road side unitAnd determining the number of divided tasks to be calculated in the current road side unit by the resources. The total size of the task M is assumed to be 200MB in the patent, and the tasks in each road side unit in the patent algorithm are divided into [1262,355,383 ]]And the task division per unit in the comparison algorithm [1196,304,500 ]]. In task segmentation unloading, unloading tasks of users in each road side unit are different, but the calculation time delay in each road side unit is limited by the time of vehicles passing through the road side unit. The requirement of a user is that a calculation result of an unloading task is received in the earliest time, and in order to improve the user quality, the key point is to reduce the calculation time delay of a vehicle in the last road side unit for unloading the task.
In summary, according to the vehicle task offloading method, system, device, and storage medium of the present invention, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit that passes next are used as the core cooperation section, and when the vehicle performs task offloading distribution in the current road side unit section of the vehicle, when performing task offloading on the edge server of the current road side unit of the vehicle, the communication idleness between the vehicle and other vehicles is also utilized, and a vehicle relay communication manner is adopted to offload part of tasks to the edge server that passes the road side unit next of the vehicle in advance for calculation, so as to perform calculation in cooperation with idle calculation resources in the network, reduce calculation delay, and improve user experience. According to the vehicle task unloading method, the system, the equipment and the storage medium, the actual unloading number of the task blocks of each vehicle in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located is obtained by considering the parameters of the moving speed of the vehicle, the road side unit coverage area, the transmission rate, the calculation resources and the like, and the unloading distribution ratio of each vehicle to the task blocks of the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located is distributed, so that the calculation time delay can be kept at a low level on the premise of keeping the unloading uninterrupted, and the unloading time and the unloading efficiency have good performance.
In the description herein, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of components and/or methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that an embodiment of the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other apparatus, systems, assemblies, methods, components, materials, parts, and/or the like. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of embodiments of the invention.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", or "a specific embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment, and not necessarily all embodiments, of the present invention. Thus, respective appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment", "in an embodiment", or "in a specific embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics of any specific embodiment of the present invention may be combined in any suitable manner with one or more other embodiments. It is to be understood that other variations and modifications of the embodiments of the invention described and illustrated herein are possible in light of the teachings herein and are to be considered as part of the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It will also be appreciated that one or more of the elements shown in the figures can also be implemented in a more separated or integrated manner, or even removed for inoperability in some circumstances or provided for usefulness in accordance with a particular application.
Additionally, any reference arrows in the drawings/figures should be considered only as exemplary, and not limiting, unless otherwise expressly specified. Further, as used herein, the term "or" is generally intended to mean "and/or" unless otherwise indicated. Combinations of components or steps will also be considered as being noted where terminology is foreseen as rendering the ability to separate or combine is unclear.
As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, "a", "an", and "the" include plural references unless otherwise indicated. Also, as used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "in …" includes "in …" and "on … (on)".
The above description of illustrated embodiments of the invention, including what is described in the abstract of the specification, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed herein. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described herein for illustrative purposes only, various equivalent modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of the present invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize and appreciate. As indicated, these modifications may be made to the present invention in light of the foregoing description of illustrated embodiments of the present invention and are to be included within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The systems and methods have been described herein in general terms as the details aid in understanding the invention. Furthermore, various specific details have been given to provide a general understanding of the embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that an embodiment of the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other apparatus, systems, assemblies, methods, components, materials, parts, and/or the like. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, and/or operations are not specifically shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of embodiments of the invention.
Thus, although the present invention has been described herein with reference to particular embodiments thereof, a latitude of modification, various changes and substitutions are intended in the foregoing disclosures, and it will be appreciated that in some instances some features of the invention will be employed without a corresponding use of other features without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as set forth. Thus, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the essential scope and spirit of the present invention. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular terms used in following claims and/or to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include any and all embodiments and equivalents falling within the scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be determined solely by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A vehicle task offloading method, characterized in that the vehicle task offloading method comprises:
respectively acquiring the actual unloading number of the task blocks of each vehicle in the road side unit section where the vehicle is currently located and the unloading distribution ratio of each vehicle to the local part of the vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the task block of the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit section where the vehicle is currently located based on the moving speed of each vehicle in each road side unit, the coverage area of each road side unit, the computing capacity of each vehicle and the computing capacity of each road side unit;
distributing tasks to the local vehicle, the current road side unit of the vehicle and the next road side unit of the vehicle according to the actual unloading number of the task blocks of each vehicle in the current road side unit interval of the vehicle and the unloading distribution ratio of the task blocks of each vehicle to the local vehicle, the current road side unit of the vehicle and the next road side unit of the vehicle in the current road side unit interval of the vehicle;
the method comprises the following steps of obtaining the actual unloading number of task blocks of a target vehicle in a road side unit interval where the vehicle is located currently and the unloading distribution ratio of the task blocks of the target vehicle to the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is located currently and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is located currently, wherein the step comprises the following steps:
dividing a task to be unloaded of a target vehicle into a plurality of task blocks;
respectively acquiring the maximum number of task blocks of the target vehicle, which can be unloaded to the local part of the vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next, in the current road side unit interval of the vehicle based on the moving speed of each vehicle in each road side unit, the coverage area of each road side unit, the computing capacity of each vehicle and the computing capacity of each road side unit;
acquiring the actual unloading number of task blocks of the target vehicle in the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located based on the maximum number of task blocks of the target vehicle which can be unloaded to the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the current road side unit interval of the vehicle;
establishing a calculation time delay function, and optimizing the calculation time delay function to obtain the unloading distribution ratio of the target vehicle to the task blocks of the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located;
the calculated time delay function is
C2:0<δi<1
C3:vi>0
Wherein T is the calculation time delay, N represents the number of the road side units,
for the total energy consumption of the target vehicle in the road side unit i section where the vehicle is currently located, EconstraintIs the energy limit available for use by the target vehicle,
respectively calculating the time, delta, needed by the task blocks unloaded to the local part of the vehicle, the road side unit i where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit i +1 where the vehicle passes next in the interval of the road side unit i where the vehicle is currently locatediFor a coefficient, v, related to the task block unload allocation ratioiIs the moving speed of the target vehicle at the roadside unit i where the vehicle is currently located.
2. The vehicle task offloading method of claim 1, wherein an actual offloading number of task blocks of the target vehicle at a roadside unit where the vehicle is currently located is
Where theta is a scaling parameter, theta is greater than 0 and less than 1,
the maximum number of the task blocks of the target vehicle which can be unloaded to the local vehicle, the road side unit i where the vehicle is located currently and the road side unit i +1 where the vehicle passes next in the current road side unit interval of the vehicle are respectively.
3. The vehicle task offloading method of claim 1 or 2, wherein each vehicle offloads the task to the roadside unit through which the vehicle next passes by way of a vehicle relay.
4. A vehicle mission offloading system, comprising:
the task block unloading number and unloading distribution ratio acquisition module is used for respectively acquiring the actual unloading number of the task block of each vehicle in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located and the unloading distribution ratio of each vehicle to the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the task block of the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located based on the moving speed of each vehicle in each road side unit, the coverage area of each road side unit, the calculation capacity of each vehicle and the calculation capacity of each road side unit;
the distribution module is used for unloading tasks according to the actual unloading number of the task blocks of each vehicle in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is located currently and the unloading distribution ratio of the task blocks of each vehicle to the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is located currently and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is located currently;
the task block unloading number and unloading distribution ratio acquisition module comprises:
the task block dividing module is used for dividing tasks needing to be unloaded by the target vehicle into a plurality of task blocks;
the maximum task block unloading number calculation module is used for respectively acquiring the maximum task block numbers of the target vehicle which can be unloaded to the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the current road side unit interval of the vehicle based on the moving speed of each vehicle in each road side unit, the coverage area of each road side unit, the calculation capacity of each vehicle and the calculation capacity of each road side unit;
the actual task block unloading number calculation module is used for acquiring the actual unloading number of the task blocks of the target vehicle in the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located based on the maximum task block numbers of the road side unit where the target vehicle can be unloaded to the local part of the vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next;
the task block unloading distribution ratio calculation module is used for establishing a calculation time delay function and optimizing the calculation time delay function to obtain the task block unloading distribution ratio of the target vehicle to the local vehicle, the road side unit where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit where the vehicle passes next in the road side unit interval where the vehicle is currently located;
the calculated time delay function is
C2:0<δi<1
C3:vi>0
Wherein T is the calculation time delay, N represents the number of the road side units,
for the total energy consumption of the target vehicle in the road side unit i section where the vehicle is currently located, EconstraintIs the energy limit available for use by the target vehicle,
respectively calculating the time, delta, needed by the task blocks unloaded to the local part of the vehicle, the road side unit i where the vehicle is currently located and the road side unit i +1 where the vehicle passes next in the interval of the road side unit i where the vehicle is currently locatediFor a coefficient, v, related to the task block unload allocation ratioiIs the moving speed of the target vehicle at the roadside unit i where the vehicle is currently located.
5. The vehicle task offloading system of claim 4, wherein each vehicle offloads tasks to the road side unit that the vehicle next passes by way of a vehicle relay.
6. A vehicle task off-loading device, characterized in that the vehicle task off-loading device comprises:
a plurality of vehicles configured with a control unit;
a plurality of road side units configured with edge servers, which are arranged at intervals in sequence along the traveling path of the vehicle so as to continuously cover the traveling path of the vehicle;
wherein the control unit comprises a processor and a memory coupled to each other, the memory storing program instructions that, when executed by the processor, implement the vehicle task offloading method of any of claims 1-3.
7. A storage medium characterized by comprising a program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the vehicle task offloading method according to any one of claims 1-3.
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