CN112822436A - Energy equipment field evaluation-oriented EL defect unmanned aerial vehicle inspection method - Google Patents
Energy equipment field evaluation-oriented EL defect unmanned aerial vehicle inspection method Download PDFInfo
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- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
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- H04N5/33—Transforming infrared radiation
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Abstract
The invention provides an EL defect unmanned aerial vehicle inspection method and system for energy equipment field evaluation, which comprises the steps of route setting, unmanned aerial vehicle assembly, sample electrifying, focal length adjustment, EL defect inspection and the like. The invention also provides an EL defect unmanned aerial vehicle inspection system for on-site evaluation of energy equipment, which integrates a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle system, a high-sensitivity short wave infrared system, a remote infrared lens focusing module and a high-definition infrared image wireless real-time transmission module. Compared with a conventional handheld EL test system, the system has the advantages of wide application scene, high test efficiency, online real-time monitoring of defect inspection conditions and avoidance of damage to sample wiring terminals. According to the invention, the safety, quality and benefit evaluation efficiency of the green assets formed by the photovoltaic power stations is improved, and the safety and quality of the on-site construction and operation links in the whole life cycle of the key equipment of the green assets are effectively ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of on-site evaluation of energy equipment, and relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle inspection method and system for EL defects.
Background
The new energy photovoltaic power station is an asset-intensive green asset, and a core power generation component, namely a photovoltaic component, accounts for more than 50% of the total value of the asset. The safety and quality conditions of the photovoltaic module in the on-site construction and operation links are the indexes of the power station owner, the constructor, the operator, the investor and the buyer which pay attention to the safety and quality conditions.
The photovoltaic module is key energy equipment of a new energy photovoltaic power station, and the whole life cycle of the photovoltaic module comprises links such as production, transportation, installation and operation. In the production link, the intelligent photovoltaic module factory adopts an efficient intelligent online detection technology, and the safety and the quality of the photovoltaic module are effectively guaranteed. However, in subsequent transportation, installation and operation links, due to the external force effects such as thermal stress, mechanical stress, collision and the like, various hidden defects can be generated, fire hazard is brought to the new energy photovoltaic power station, major safety accidents are easy to cause, and the power generation capacity and economic benefits are reduced.
Currently, the mainstream detection method for the above-mentioned hidden defects is an infrared detection technology (abbreviated as EL detection technology) based on the semiconductor electroluminescence principle. The Chinese invention patent CN106301211A provides a wireless remote control type automatic focusing photovoltaic module infrared defect detection method, wherein an infrared imaging system is fixed on a tripod, and software in a computer is used for controlling a portable energy storage power supply and the imaging system through a wireless network, so that the photovoltaic module infrared defect detection on the site of a power station is realized. The utility model discloses a chinese utility model patent CN205754218U provides a portable EL detector, including scalable tripod, filtering infrared camera, control box, direct current steady voltage portable power source and intelligent handheld device, realize the detection of photovoltaic module infrared defect at the power station scene.
The above methods and apparatus present bottlenecks:
(1) the application scenarios are limited: the tripod is used as a carrier of an imaging system, has limited height and is not suitable for high-altitude photovoltaic arrays, such as overwater photovoltaic power stations, mountain photovoltaic power stations and roof photovoltaic power stations with the installation height of more than 3 meters;
(2) the testing efficiency is low: only one photovoltaic module can be detected each time, the detection efficiency is low, and the field full detection of the photovoltaic modules cannot be realized;
(3) the electrical components are vulnerable: when the power-on interface of the photovoltaic module is frequently plugged and unplugged during detection, poor contact of the interface is easily caused, and abnormal heating and fire are caused;
(4) the evaluation efficiency of the detection result is low: one for each sample, requiring extensive manual post-analysis.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the bottleneck problem, the invention provides an energy equipment field evaluation-oriented EL defect unmanned aerial vehicle inspection method and system, which can carry out quick and efficient EL defect inspection on multi-scene new energy photovoltaic power stations such as high altitude, water surface and the like; the detection process is automatically carried out, a photovoltaic module is not required to be disassembled, secondary damage is not caused to the sample, and the fairness of the detection result is guaranteed; the photovoltaic module power-on interface does not need to be frequently plugged and unplugged in the detection process, and the safety and the reliability of the electrical components are guaranteed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an EL defect unmanned aerial vehicle inspection method for energy equipment field evaluation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, unmanned aerial vehicle assembly: select suitable many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle system, install high sensitivity shortwave infrared machine vision and accessory on unmanned aerial vehicle. The selection principle of the unmanned aerial vehicle system is as follows: the remote control distance is more than or equal to 3km, and the high-sensitivity short-wave infrared imaging system and accessories thereof can be loaded, such as: the device comprises an infrared zoom lens, a remote focusing device, a wireless video receiving and transmitting device and the like.
S2, route setting: carry out on-the-spot reconnaissance to being patrolled and examined photovoltaic power plant, draw a suitable unmanned aerial vehicle and patrol and examine the route, the route principle is: the route is free of shielding objects, the route is parallel to the arrangement mode of the photovoltaic array, and all the patrolled photovoltaic arrays are covered by the shortest route.
S3, sample preparation by energization: (1) at night, under the condition that the photovoltaic array does not output current any more, disconnecting the upper switch of the tested combiner box and disconnecting the combiner box from the upper inverter; (2) disconnecting branch switches of all photovoltaic arrays at the positive end of the combiner box; (3) and respectively loading positive and negative cables of the direct-current power supply on positive and negative buses of the combiner box.
S4, positioning the unmanned aerial vehicle: starting the unmanned aerial vehicle, and manually controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly above the tested photovoltaic array.
S5, sample energization: closing an anode switch of the tested photovoltaic array in the combiner box to electrify the tested photovoltaic array; (2) after the power is successfully switched on, the monitoring terminal can capture the infrared defects of the photovoltaic array to be detected and convert the infrared defects into an infrared digital image.
S6, focus adjustment: and controlling a focusing remote controller to adjust the image to be clearest according to the defect image displayed by the video monitoring terminal in real time, and then starting a video recording function.
S7, EL defect inspection: manually controlling an unmanned aerial vehicle to fly slowly above the photovoltaic array to be detected and along the photovoltaic array, and recording a defect video; and the monitoring terminal is observed in the inspection process, so that the defects of all samples are recorded by videos.
S8, switching the photovoltaic array to be measured: after the current array is completed, disconnecting the positive switch of the tested photovoltaic array in the junction box; the switch of the next array under test is closed and step S7 is performed.
S9, switching combiner box: and after the current combiner box is finished, executing the steps S2-S7 until all the inspection tasks are finished.
Further, according to the method, the short wave infrared imaging system has the quantum efficiency of more than 80% in the range of the excited weak infrared spectrum (1150 +/-50 nm) of the detected sample, and can clearly record the short wave infrared defect information of the photovoltaic array at the frame rate of 25 frames/s when the loading current value of the detected photovoltaic array is 70% of the short circuit current of the photovoltaic array.
Further, according to the method, the power selection rule of step S3 is: when the photovoltaic array stops working at night, the maximum direct current value loaded by a group string of the tested photovoltaic array is larger than the short-circuit current value of the tested photovoltaic group string, and the short-circuit current can be obtained on a nameplate at the back of the tested photovoltaic group string.
Further, according to the above method, in step S5, the value of the loaded dc current is 0.5 to 0.8 times of the short-circuit current of the measured photovoltaic string, and the short-circuit current can be obtained from a nameplate on the back of the measured photovoltaic string.
Further, according to the method, the transmission of the unmanned aerial vehicle control signal and the high-definition infrared defect video is realized through wireless transmission, and the unmanned aerial vehicle control signal and the high-definition infrared defect video are physically isolated and do not interfere with each other.
The utility model provides a towards energy equipment on-the-spot evaluation's EL defect unmanned aerial vehicle system of patrolling and examining which characterized in that, it includes: unmanned aerial vehicle, flight system, flight control module, orientation module, triaxial cloud platform, sky communication module, shortwave infrared imaging system, picture pass module, high definition video wireless transmission module, the wireless module of accepting of high definition video, the infrared camera lens that can zoom, focusing module, temperature calibration board, ground remote control terminal, ground communication module 1, ground communication module 2, video monitor terminal, infrared camera focusing control module and flight input module, wherein:
the flight system, the flight control module, the positioning module, the three-axis holder, the sky communication module, the short wave infrared imaging system, the image transmission module and the high-definition video wireless receiving module are directly installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle body; the focusing module is arranged on the variable-focus infrared lens; the variable-focus infrared lens is arranged on the thermal infrared imager body;
the short wave infrared imaging system is arranged on the three-axis holder;
the high-definition video wireless transmitting module is arranged on the short-wave infrared imaging system;
the communication module 1, the communication module 2, the infrared camera focusing module, the flight input module and the video monitoring terminal are integrated on the ground remote control terminal.
Further, the system is characterized in that the infrared video data signal and the control signal are transmitted in an isolated manner without interfering with each other.
Further in accordance with the above system, the short wave infrared imaging system, the method of claim 1, wherein the short wave infrared imaging system, in the range of the stimulated weak infrared spectrum (1150 ± 50 nm) of the measured sample, has a quantum efficiency > 80%, and when the value of the applied current to the measured photovoltaic array is 70% of the short circuit current of the photovoltaic array, can clearly record the short wave infrared defect information of the photovoltaic array at a frame rate of 25 frames/s.
Further, according to the above system, the control instruction of the infrared camera focusing control module and the flight input module, through the ground communication module 2, and the sky communication module perform information interaction, and the interaction content includes: controlling the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle, controlling the three-axis pan-tilt to control the angle and the attitude of the short wave infrared imaging system and controlling the focal length of the variable-focus infrared lens. The network frequency adopted by the ground communication module 2 and the sky communication module is 2.4Ghz, and the effective communication distance is more than or equal to 3 km.
Further, according to the system, a high-speed SD card is arranged in the short-wave infrared imaging system, and high-definition infrared video images are stored in real time;
further, according to the system, the infrared digital image is transmitted to the video monitoring terminal in real time, and the scheme for realizing online real-time monitoring and inspection is as follows:
shortwave infrared imaging system convert high definition infrared digital video to analog video signal in real time, transmit through the cable extremely high definition video wireless transmitting module convert to 5.8Ghz radio signal, by high definition video wireless accept, transmit to affiliated image transmission module through the cable again (this process is used for avoiding directly connecting with the cable shortwave infrared imaging system with image transmission module, obstruct 360 degrees gesture regulation of triangle cloud platform), convert to 2.4GHz radio signal, send to video monitor terminal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the application scene is wide: the method is suitable for all photovoltaic power station installation forms (except for legal no-fly areas);
(2) the test efficiency is high: the photovoltaic group string is taken as a polling unit, and the result is recorded in a video mode, so that full detection can be realized;
(3) the power-on interface of the photovoltaic module is not required to be plugged and pulled out, and the sample interface is not damaged;
(4) the data analysis efficiency is high: and monitoring the inspection result by online real-time video.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of the system according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a principle of intelligent routing inspection according to the embodiment of the invention.
The diagram of fig. 3 illustrates: 1-an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a short wave infrared imaging system; 2-unmanned aerial vehicle control terminal (with display screen); 3-a photovoltaic array; 4-a combiner box; 5, routing by the unmanned aerial vehicle; 6-direct current power supply.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that the following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments and specific operations based on the technical solutions of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the structure of an EL defect unmanned aerial vehicle inspection system for on-site evaluation of energy equipment comprises: unmanned aerial vehicle, flight system, flight control module, orientation module, triaxial cloud platform, sky communication module, shortwave infrared imaging system, picture pass module, high definition video wireless transmission module, the wireless module of accepting of high definition video, the infrared camera lens that can zoom, focusing module, temperature calibration board, ground remote control terminal, ground communication module 1, ground communication module 2, video monitor terminal, infrared camera focusing control module and flight input module, wherein:
the flight system, the flight control module, the positioning module, the three-axis holder, the sky communication module, the short wave infrared imaging system, the image transmission module and the high-definition video wireless receiving module are directly installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle body; the focusing module is arranged on the variable-focus infrared lens; the variable-focus infrared lens is arranged on the thermal infrared imager body;
the short wave infrared imaging system is arranged on the three-axis holder;
the high-definition video wireless transmitting module is arranged on the short-wave infrared imaging system;
the communication module 1, the communication module 2, the infrared camera focusing module, the flight input module and the video monitoring terminal are integrated on the ground remote control terminal.
With reference to the inspection scene shown in fig. 3, the implementation flow of this example is as follows:
s1, unmanned aerial vehicle assembly: select 6 rotor unmanned aerial vehicle of load 5kg, install shortwave infrared imaging system and accessory thereof on unmanned aerial vehicle like infrared zoom lens, long-range focusing device, wireless video receiving device etc..
S2, route setting: and (3) carrying out on-site investigation on the inspected photovoltaic power station, drawing a proper unmanned aerial vehicle inspection route (arrow direction in figure 3), wherein no shielding object exists in the route, and the route is parallel to the arrangement mode of the photovoltaic array.
S3, sample preparation by energization: at night, under the condition that the photovoltaic array does not output current any more, disconnecting the upper switch of the tested combiner box and disconnecting the combiner box from the upper inverter; disconnecting branch switches of all photovoltaic arrays at the positive end of the combiner box; and respectively loading positive and negative cables of the direct-current power supply on positive and negative buses of the combiner box.
S4, positioning the unmanned aerial vehicle: starting the unmanned aerial vehicle, and manually controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly above the tested photovoltaic array;
s5, sample energization: closing an anode switch of the tested photovoltaic array in the combiner box to electrify the tested photovoltaic array; after the power is successfully switched on, the monitoring terminal can be used for detecting the infrared defect image of the photovoltaic array;
s6, focus adjustment: controlling a focusing remote controller to adjust the image to be clearest according to the defect image displayed by the video monitoring terminal in real time, and then starting a video recording function;
s7, defect inspection: manually controlling an unmanned aerial vehicle to fly slowly above the photovoltaic array to be detected and along the photovoltaic array, and recording a defect video; observing the monitoring terminal in the inspection process to ensure that the defects of all samples are recorded in a video mode;
s8, switching the photovoltaic array to be measured: after one array is finished, disconnecting the positive switch of the tested photovoltaic array in the junction box; the switch of the next array under test is closed and step S7 is performed.
S9, switching combiner box: and after one confluence box is finished, executing the steps S2-S7 until all the inspection tasks are finished.
By adopting the method and the system, the high-efficiency defect detection method and the system are provided for the high-altitude photovoltaic array installed in the scenes such as water surface, mountain land, roof and the like, the bottleneck of the prior art is made up, and the detection efficiency is improved; the assembly does not need to be disassembled in the detection process, so that the fairness of the test result is improved; the photovoltaic module power-on interface does not need to be frequently plugged and unplugged in the detection process, so that the safety of core components is guaranteed; the system can be fused with a photovoltaic array cleaning cleaner, provides a multifunctional intelligent terminal for a green asset mainly composed of a photovoltaic system, and has a wide application prospect.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the above-described exemplary embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (11)
1. An EL defect unmanned aerial vehicle inspection method for energy equipment field evaluation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, unmanned aerial vehicle assembly: selecting a proper multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle system, and installing high-sensitivity short-wave infrared machine vision and accessories thereof on the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the selection principle of the unmanned aerial vehicle system is as follows: the remote control distance is more than or equal to 3km, and the high-sensitivity short-wave infrared imaging system and accessories thereof can be loaded, such as: the device comprises an infrared zoom lens, a remote focusing device, a wireless video receiving and transmitting device and the like;
s2, route setting: carry out on-the-spot reconnaissance to being patrolled and examined photovoltaic power plant, draw a suitable unmanned aerial vehicle and patrol and examine the route, the route principle is: the route is not provided with a shielding object, the route is parallel to the arrangement mode of the photovoltaic array, and all the patrolled photovoltaic arrays are covered by the shortest route;
s3, sample preparation by energization: (1) at night, under the condition that the photovoltaic array does not output current any more, disconnecting the upper switch of the tested combiner box and disconnecting the combiner box from the upper inverter; (2) disconnecting branch switches of all photovoltaic arrays at the positive end of the combiner box; (3) respectively loading positive and negative cables of a direct-current power supply on positive and negative buses of a combiner box;
s4, positioning the unmanned aerial vehicle: starting the unmanned aerial vehicle, and manually controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly above the tested photovoltaic array;
s5, sample energization: closing an anode switch of the tested photovoltaic array in the combiner box to electrify the tested photovoltaic array; (2) after the power is successfully switched on, the monitoring terminal can capture the infrared defects of the photovoltaic array to be detected and convert the infrared defects into an infrared digital image;
s6, focus adjustment: controlling a focusing remote controller to adjust the image to be clearest according to the defect image displayed by the video monitoring terminal in real time, and then starting a video recording function;
s7, EL defect inspection: manually controlling an unmanned aerial vehicle to fly slowly above the photovoltaic array to be detected and along the photovoltaic array, and recording a defect video; observing the monitoring terminal in the inspection process to ensure that the defects of all samples are recorded in a video mode;
s8, switching the photovoltaic array to be measured: after the current array is completed, disconnecting the positive switch of the tested photovoltaic array in the junction box; closing the switch of the next array to be tested and executing the step S7;
s9, switching combiner box: and after the current combiner box is finished, executing the steps S2-S7 until all the inspection tasks are finished.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the high-sensitivity short-wave infrared imaging system has a quantum efficiency of > 80% in a range of weak infrared spectrum (1150 ± 50 nm) of the excited sample, and can clearly record short-wave infrared defect information of the photovoltaic array at a frame rate of 25 frames/s when the load current value of the photovoltaic array is 70% of the short-circuit current of the photovoltaic array.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the power selection criteria of step S3: when the photovoltaic array stops working at night, the maximum direct current value loaded by a group string of the tested photovoltaic array is larger than the short-circuit current value of the tested photovoltaic group string, and the short-circuit current can be obtained on a nameplate at the back of the tested photovoltaic group string.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S5, the applied dc current is 0.5 to 0.8 times the short-circuit current of the measured photovoltaic string, and the short-circuit current is obtained from a nameplate on the back of the measured photovoltaic string.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmission of the drone control signal and the high definition infrared defect video is wireless and physically isolated from each other and do not interfere with each other.
6. The utility model provides a towards energy equipment on-the-spot evaluation's EL defect unmanned aerial vehicle system of patrolling and examining which characterized in that, it includes: unmanned aerial vehicle, flight system, flight control module, orientation module, triaxial cloud platform, sky communication module, shortwave infrared imaging system, picture pass module, high definition video wireless transmission module, the wireless module of accepting of high definition video, the infrared camera lens that can zoom, focusing module, temperature calibration board, ground remote control terminal, ground communication module 1, ground communication module 2, video monitor terminal, infrared camera focusing control module and flight input module, wherein:
the flight system, the flight control module, the positioning module, the three-axis holder, the sky communication module, the short wave infrared imaging system, the image transmission module, the high definition video wireless transmitting module and the high definition video wireless receiving module are directly installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle body;
the focusing module is arranged on the variable-focus infrared lens; the variable-focus infrared lens is arranged on the thermal infrared imager body; the thermal infrared imager is arranged on the three-axis holder;
the communication module 1, the communication module 2, the infrared camera focusing module, the flight input module and the video monitoring terminal are integrated on the ground remote control terminal.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the infrared high definition video data signals are transmitted in physical isolation from the control signals without interfering with each other.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the short wave infrared imaging system has a quantum efficiency of > 80% in the range of weak infrared spectrum (1150 ± 50 nm) excited by the measured sample, and can clearly record the short wave infrared defect information of the photovoltaic array at a frame rate of 25 frames/s when the loading current value of the measured photovoltaic array is 70% of the short circuit current of the photovoltaic array.
9. The system of claim 6, wherein the control commands of the infrared camera focusing control module and the flight input module interact with the sky communication module through the ground communication module 2, and the interaction content includes: controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly, controlling the three-axis holder to control the angle of the thermal infrared imager and controlling the focal length of the variable-focus infrared lens; the network frequency adopted by the ground communication module 2 and the sky communication module is 2.4Ghz, and the effective communication distance is more than or equal to 3 km.
10. The system of claim 6, wherein the thermographic images and videos collected by the thermal infrared imager are automatically stored in a built-in SD card; in the inspection process, video images are converted into analog video signals, the image transmission module transmits the analog video signals to the peripheral space in a 2.4GHz or 5.8GHz wireless signal mode, the image transmission module receives the analog video signals through the ground communication module 1, and the analog video signals are displayed through the video monitoring terminal.
11. The system of claim 6, wherein the infrared digital image is transmitted to the video monitoring terminal in real time, and the scheme for realizing online real-time monitoring and inspection is as follows:
shortwave infrared imaging system convert high definition infrared digital video to analog video signal in real time, transmit through the cable extremely high definition video wireless transmitting module, convert to 5.8Ghz radio signal, by high definition video wireless receiving module accept, transmit to affiliated image transmission module through the cable again (this process is used for avoiding directly connecting with the cable shortwave infrared imaging system with image transmission module, hinder 360 degrees gesture of triangle cloud platform are adjusted, cause the equipment to damage), convert to 2.4Ghz radio signal, send to video monitor terminal.
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| CN201911122207.5A CN112822436A (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2019-11-15 | Energy equipment field evaluation-oriented EL defect unmanned aerial vehicle inspection method |
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| CN108919821A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-30 | 浙江大学 | A kind of unmanned plane automatic tour inspection system and method towards scale centralization photovoltaic plant |
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