CN112821412A - Automatic voltage control method based on active trend judgment - Google Patents
Automatic voltage control method based on active trend judgment Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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Abstract
The invention provides an automatic voltage control method based on active trend judgment, and belongs to the technical field of automatic voltage control of electric power systems. Firstly, obtaining a current forecasting result in the day ahead, and calculating the active power value of each transformer substation at each moment in the whole day through the active power value of each main transformer high-voltage side winding at each moment in the second day; then establishing a priority action time period set of each transformer substation on the next day according to the active power change trend of each transformer substation all day; when the automatic voltage control cycle of the next day comes, under the condition that the voltage of the transformer substation is not out of limit, if the current time belongs to the priority action time period set, an optimization strategy for switching the discrete reactive power equipment of the transformer substation is made according to the load change condition of the time period. The method realizes the preventive control of the voltage of the transformer substation, avoids the repeated switching of discrete reactive equipment in the transformer substation in the time period of rapid load change, reduces the fluctuation range of the voltage, and improves the voltage stability and the voltage quality of a power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automatic voltage control of power systems, and particularly relates to an automatic voltage control method based on active trend judgment.
Background
An Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) system is an important means for realizing safe (Voltage stability margin improvement), economic (network loss reduction) and high-quality (Voltage yield improvement) operation of a power transmission network. The AVC system is constructed on a power grid Energy Management System (EMS), can utilize real-time operation data of a power transmission network, scientifically decides an optimal reactive voltage regulation scheme from the perspective of global optimization of the power transmission network, and automatically issues the optimal reactive voltage regulation scheme to a power plant, a transformer substation and a subordinate power grid dispatching mechanism for execution. The architecture of automatic voltage control of a large power grid is described in "global voltage optimization control system design based on soft partitioning" (power system automation, 2003, volume 27, paragraph 8, pages 16-20) by grand son, zhenberging and guo celebration.
The main station part of the AVC system is realized in a power system control center based on software, and the voltage control strategies of the AVC system on a power transmission network mainly comprise a reactive power control strategy for each generator of a power plant and a reactive power equipment control strategy for a transformer substation, which are 2 types. The reactive power control strategy of each generator in the power plant adopts the following main modes at present: and after receiving the reactive adjustment quantity of the generator, the AVC substation of the power plant adjusts the reactive power sent by the generator in a stepping mode according to the current running state of each generator in the power plant until the adjustment quantity sent by the AVC main station is reached. The control strategy of the reactive equipment of the transformer substation is a switching instruction of the reactive compensation equipment, the reactive equipment mainly comprises a capacitor and a reactor, and when the capacitor is put into the reactive equipment or the reactor is cut off, the bus voltage is increased; when the capacitor is cut off or the reactor is put in, the bus voltage decreases. And the AVC master station issues an instruction for putting in or cutting off the reactive equipment, and an automatic monitoring system in the transformer substation finds the circuit breaker connected with the reactive equipment and switches on or off the circuit breaker according to the received instruction so as to complete the putting in or cutting off of the reactive equipment.
With the rapid exhaustion of traditional fossil energy, the problem of environmental pollution is becoming more serious, and clean and sustainable energy represented by wind energy and photovoltaic is receiving attention. China is one of countries with huge wind energy in the world, wind power generation develops rapidly, and installed capacity is the first in the world as early as 2012; solar energy is also an inexhaustible resource, and the light law power generation has been developed rapidly in the years with the support of national policies. However, the rapid development of new energy power generation also has some influence on the traditional power grid safety. Especially, the intermittent characteristics of the new energy power generation caused by the change of the natural environment, such as the change of the wind speed, have a large influence on the active power output of the wind power generation, and the change of the temperature and the illumination intensity are closely related to the active power output of the photovoltaic power generation. These intermittent variations result in a change in the distribution of the reactive power of the grid, causing fluctuations in the voltage and flicker conditions to occur.
With the wide application of the AVC system in the power grid dispatching center in recent years, a large number of substations in the power grid are put into automatic AVC control. The AVC system mainly solves the problem of steady voltage reactive power, and the existing automatic voltage control systems operating in power grids of various regions have a certain control period which is generally set to five minutes, namely, the automatic voltage control systems mainly analyze the reactive voltage condition of the power grid system at the arrival time of the control period to obtain a control strategy. In the power system, especially in a region with a large new energy installed capacity, the active power changes greatly and quickly, so that the fluctuation of the grid voltage is large. According to a traditional AVC control method, a control strategy of reactive power equipment is generated according to a reactive voltage condition at a single moment, at the moment when the load of a power grid changes greatly, voltage cannot be quickly adjusted to a reasonable interval, repeated switching of the reactive power equipment can be caused, economic loss is caused due to the fact that the service life of the equipment is short, the condition that the voltage changes greatly is caused, and safe and stable operation of the power grid is influenced.
In summary, with the expansion of the scale of the power grid, the grid connection of various novel power resources, and the wide application of the automatic voltage control system of the power grid, the problems of serious voltage fluctuation and repeated switching of reactive equipment caused by the problem are urgently needed to be solved, so as to ensure the safe, stable and economic operation of the power grid.
In a regional power grid with various energy accesses, a transformer substation with a voltage class of 220kV or below is accessed to the automatic control of the AVC of the power grid dispatching center. The AVC system mainly adopts a multi-target-oriented substation control strategy to realize automatic control of reactive resources in the substation. The main points of the control strategy are as follows: the control targets of the substation include: 1) the bus voltage of each level is qualified; 2) and optimizing the main network bus voltage. Wherein 1) when any bus of the main high side, the middle side and the lower side in the transformer substation has voltage overlimit, reactive equipment such as a capacitor and a reactor needs to be switched or the main transformer branch is adjusted to eliminate the voltage overlimit; when the control target of 1) is met, namely the voltages of the buses in the transformer substation are all qualified, the voltage optimization target of the high-voltage side bus is considered, namely when the voltages of the buses on the high-voltage side are lower than or higher than the optimization target value, reactive power equipment is switched to enable the voltages of the buses on the high-voltage side to reach the vicinity of the optimization target value, and the main transformer branch is generally not considered in the optimization control strategy, but discrete reactive power equipment such as a capacitor, a reactor and the like on the low-voltage side of the main transformer in the transformer substation. Because the reactive equipment in the transformer substation cannot be switched frequently, when the voltage of the high-voltage side bus is checked to be lower than or higher than the optimized target value, dead zone parameters of optimized control need to be considered, namely, the criterion for judging that the voltage of the bus is lower than the optimized target value is as follows:
Vi real＜Vi opt-Vi dead
the criterion for judging that the bus voltage is higher than the optimization target value is as follows:
Vi real＞Vi opt+Vi dead
wherein, Vi realAs a voltage measurement of the bus i, Vi optOptimizing the target value, V, for the voltage of the bus ii deadThe voltage of a transformer substation bus i set for manual work is optimized to control the parameters of the dead zone, generally for a 220kV transformer substation, Vi dead＝2kV。
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an automatic voltage control method based on active trend judgment. The method realizes the preventive control of the voltage of the transformer substation, avoids the repeated switching of discrete reactive equipment in the transformer substation in the time period of rapid load change, and reduces the fluctuation range of the voltage, thereby improving the voltage stability and the voltage quality of the power grid and simultaneously ensuring the economical operation of the power grid.
The invention provides an automatic voltage control method based on active trend judgment, which is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining the current forecasting results at 96 moments in the day, obtaining the active power values of high-voltage side windings of all main transformers at all moments in the day on the next day, and calculating to obtain the active power values of all transformer substations at all moments in the day; then establishing a priority action time period set of each transformer substation on the next day according to the active power change trend of each transformer substation all day; when the automatic voltage control cycle of the next day comes, under the condition that the voltage of the transformer substation is not out of limit, if the current time belongs to the priority action time period set, an optimization strategy for switching the discrete reactive power equipment of the transformer substation is made according to the load change condition of the time period; the method comprises the following steps:
1) presetting the time T for daily tidal current forecasting;
2) temporarily at the time T of each day, calculating the forecasting results of the power flow at 96 moments before the day according to 15-minute intervals, reading the active power flow values of the high-voltage side windings of the main transformers at each moment on the next day from the forecasting results, and forming an aggregate
Represents the total active power set of the high-voltage side windings of all m main transformers, wherein
Represents the whole of the high-voltage side winding of the ith main transformerA data set of natural active power, wherein
The active power value of the ith main transformer high-voltage side winding at the xth moment is represented, wherein x is 1,2,3, …,96, i is 1,2,3, …, m;
3) adding the active power values of all main transformers belonging to the same transformer substation at the same moment by using the result of the step 2) to obtain the active power values of the transformer substation at all times all day, and forming a data set
Representing the total active power set of all n substations, wherein
Represents the total active power data set of the jth substation, wherein
Representing the active power value of the jth substation at the xth moment, where x is 1,2,3, …,96, j is 1,2,3, …, n;
4) acquiring a second day load ascending time interval set and a second day load descending time interval set of each transformer substation to form a priority action time interval set of the transformer substation on the second day;
5) setting an automatic voltage control period to Tc；
6) When each automatic voltage control cycle arrives on the next day, setting the arrival time of the cycle as the current time, and setting the serial number j of the transformer substation to be 1;
7) and (3) judging the jth substation at the current moment:
if any bus voltage of the jth substation exceeds the limit, enabling j to be j +1, and continuing to judge the next substation; if the jth substation does not have any bus voltage out-of-limit, entering step 8);
8) judging the current time:
8-1) if the current time is in the substation priority action time period set calculated in the step 4), generating a corresponding optimization strategy for switching discrete reactive power equipment according to the relation between the real-time voltage of the high-voltage side bus of the jth substation and the optimized voltage of the bus, and then entering the step 9);
8-2) if the current time does not belong to the substation priority action time interval set, directly entering the step 9);
9) let j equal j +1, and decide j:
if j is less than or equal to n, returning to the step 7) again;
if j is larger than n, all the automatic voltage control strategy calculation of the transformer substation in the current round is completed, and when the next automatic voltage control period comes, the step 6) is returned again, and a new round of automatic voltage control calculation is started.
The method has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an automatic voltage control method based on active trend judgment, which is characterized in that the active power of each transformer substation is superposed according to the active power of a main transformer high-voltage side winding in the current forecast in the day ahead; calculating several time intervals of the transformer substation with rapid load change all day according to the trend change of the active power of each transformer substation all day, and thus obtaining the preferential switching time interval of the discrete reactive equipment according to the influence characteristic of the active change on the reactive voltage; when each real-time automatic voltage control cycle arrives on the next day, under the condition that the voltage is not out of limit, if the current time belongs to the priority action time period set, discrete reactive equipment is switched in advance according to the load change condition of the time period. The method realizes the preventive control of the voltage of the transformer substation, avoids the repeated switching of discrete reactive equipment in the transformer substation in the time period of rapid load change, and reduces the fluctuation range of the voltage, thereby improving the voltage stability and the voltage quality of the power grid and simultaneously ensuring the economical operation of the power grid.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an automatic voltage control method based on active trend judgment, which comprises the following steps:
1) presetting the time T for daily tidal current forecasting;
2) at each timeWhen the time T comes, according to the latest power grid model and various read planning prediction data before the day, calculating power flow prediction results at 96 times before the day according to 15-minute intervals, reading the active power flow value of each main transformer high-voltage side winding at each time in the next day from the prediction results, and forming a set
Represents the total active power set of the high-voltage side windings of all m main transformers, wherein
An all-day active power data set representing the high-voltage side winding of the ith main transformer, wherein
The active power value of the ith main transformer high-voltage side winding at the xth moment is represented, wherein x is 1,2,3, …,96, i is 1,2,3, …, m;
in the invention, forest resolvers and grand students are adopted when the day-ahead power flow is calculated, and a new power flow forecasting method in day-ahead planning and planning and planning compilation is provided in the technology for automatically generating the planning power flow in the day-ahead planning and safety check (power system automation, volume 36, 20 th of 10 and 36 in 2012, pp.68-73), so that the next-day planning power flow of a power grid can be calculated, and the running state and the safety condition of the power grid on the next day can be evaluated through the planning power flow. The planning trend method decomposes the original problem into an active power adjustment subproblem and a reactive voltage distribution subproblem and solves the problems step by step. The inconsistency among various planning data is coordinated by solving the active power adjustment optimization subproblem, and the reasonable generator terminal voltage is determined by solving the reactive voltage distribution subproblem, so that the problem of convergence caused by using the typical generator terminal voltage is avoided. The optimization subproblem is solved by adopting a modern interior point method based on a prediction-correction step, and the method has good convergence.
3) According to the topological relation of the power grid, the substation to which each main transformer belongs can be known, and the active power values of all the main transformers belonging to the same substation at the same moment are added by using the result of the step 2), so that the substation at all times in the whole day can be obtainedForming a data set of active power values of
Representing the total active power set of all n substations, wherein
Represents the total active power data set of the jth substation, wherein
Representing the active power value of the jth substation at the xth moment, where x is 1,2,3, …,96, j is 1,2,3, …, n;
4) acquiring a second day load ascending time interval set and a second day load descending time interval set of each transformer substation to form a priority action time interval set of the transformer substation on the second day; the method comprises the following specific steps:
4-1) setting the serial number j of the transformer substation to be 1, starting calculation and judgment from the jth transformer substation, and taking the jth transformer substation as the current transformer substation; setting the time interval length as TDThe method comprises the following steps of (1) taking minutes;
4-2) judging whether a priority action time interval set possibly exists in the current transformer substation, if so, entering a step 4-3), and if not, entering a step 4-4); the specific method comprises the following steps:
4-2-1) Total day active power dataset from the jth substation
In the method, the maximum value and the minimum value of the active power in 96 moments of the transformer substation can be obtained and respectively set to be
And
calculating to obtain the maximum peak-valley difference of the transformer substation
4-2-2) toj transformer stations set a peak-valley difference threshold value of an absolute value
(the threshold value is associated with j, which is set by default to 30) and determines: if it is not
Step 4-2-3) is entered; if it is not
Step 4-4) is entered;
4-2-3) setting a threshold value for the rate of change for the jth substation
(the threshold value is related to j, which is typically 1/3), the maximum rate of change of the substation is calculated
And judging that: if it is not
Then there may be a set of priority action periods for that substation, and then go to step 4-3); if it is not
Step 4-4) is entered;
4-3) respectively acquiring a second day load ascending time period set and a second day load descending time period set of the current transformer substation to form a priority action time period set of the transformer substation; the method comprises the following specific steps:
4-3-1) establishing a set T of load ascending periods on the second day of the current substation, namely the jth substationincjAnd the load reduction period set T of the second day of the jth transformer substationdecjAnd are initially empty, respectively;
setting a time number x to 1, and starting to judge from the x-th time;
4-3-2) calculating T from the xth momentDMinute (T)DIs an integral multiple of 15), and the future T is determined by taking the period of every 15 minutes as a momentDThe future T is T in minutesD15 moments; setting initial value L of variablei＝0,Ld＝0，LiTo determine the active trend rise time, LdA counter for judging the active trend descending time; if x is 96, T is counted from this timeDTime period of minutes Li＝0,LdGo directly to step 4-3-7), 0;
4-3-3) setting y to be 0, wherein y is an accumulated time value from the x-th time, the accumulated time value does not exceed t times at most, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than t, and x + y +1 is less than or equal to 96;
4-3-4) calculating:
4-3-5) judging the calculation result of the step 4-3-4):
if Δ PyIs not less than 0 and satisfies Δ Py＞P1Then let Li＝Li+1；
If Δ Py< 0 and satisfy Δ Py＜P2Then let Ld＝Ld+1；
P1,P2Threshold parameters for judging the change rate of the load increase and the change rate reduction of the transformer substation respectively are as follows: MW/min. P1Is a positive number, P2The absolute values of the two threshold parameters are generally set as the total peak-valley difference of the transformer substation
1/3 of (1).
4-3-6) let y ═ y +1, then decide y:
if y is less than t and x + y +1 is less than or equal to 96, returning to the step 4-3-4); if y is more than or equal to t or x + y +1 is more than 96, entering the step 4-3-7);
4-3-7) pairs of LiAnd LdAnd (4) judging:
if L isi＞L1Then, the jth substation active power transmission is considered to enter the ascending period, and T is started from the xth momentDAnd the minute time interval is regarded as the time interval of preferentially putting capacitive reactive equipment or preferentially cutting off the inductive reactive equipment, and the time interval is added into the load rise time interval set T of the jth transformer substation on the second dayincj；
L1The lowest threshold value of the ascending count of the active trend is judged;
if L isd＞L2Then, the jth substation active power transmission is considered to enter the descent period, and T is started from the xth momentDAnd the minute time interval is regarded as the time interval in which inductive reactive equipment is preferentially put in or capacitive reactive equipment is preferentially cut off, and the time interval is added into the load reduction time interval set T of the jth transformer substation on the second daydecj；
L2The lowest threshold value of the active trend decline counting is judged;
4-3-8) let x ═ x +1, then decide x:
if x is less than or equal to 96, returning to the step 4-3-2); if x>96, then current TincjIs the final set of the load ascending period of the jth transformer substation on the second day, the current TdecjAnd (4) forming a priority action time interval set of the jth substation for the load reduction time interval of the jth substation on the second day, and then entering the step 4-4).
4-4) let j ═ j +1, then decide j:
if j is not more than n, updating the current transformer substation, and then returning to the step 4-2); if j > n, the set of priority action periods for the discrete reactive devices of all substations on the next day has been calculated and can be applied during the real-time automatic voltage control phase on the next day, and then step 5) is entered.
5) Setting an automatic voltage control period to Tc；
6) When each automatic voltage control cycle arrives on the next day, setting the arrival time of the cycle as the current time, and setting the serial number j of the transformer substation to be 1;
7) and (3) judging the jth substation at the current moment:
if any bus voltage of the jth substation exceeds the limit, the substation needs to be subjected to out-of-limit strategy judgment, then j is made to be j +1, and the next substation is continuously judged; if the jth substation does not have any bus voltage out-of-limit, entering step 8);
8) judging the current time:
8-1) if the current time is in the substation priority action time period set calculated in the step 4), generating optimization strategy priority action discrete equipment, and calculating the optimized voltage of each bus of the whole network by the system in a fixed period, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
8-1-1) if the current time belongs to the set Tincj(namely in the active load rising period of the transformer substation), if the real-time voltage of the high-voltage side bus of the jth transformer substation is higher than the optimized voltage, the transformer substation does not need the optimization strategy at the current moment; if the real-time voltage of the high-voltage side bus of the jth transformer substation is lower than the optimized voltage, generating an optimization strategy for putting capacitive reactive power equipment into the transformer substation or cutting off the inductive reactive power equipment;
8-1-2) if the current time is the set TdecjIf the real-time voltage of the high-voltage side bus of the jth transformer substation is lower than the optimized voltage (namely in the active load reduction period of the transformer substation), the transformer substation does not need an optimization strategy at the current moment; if the real-time voltage of the high-voltage side bus of the jth transformer substation is higher than the optimized voltage, generating an optimization strategy for inputting inductive reactive power equipment or cutting off capacitive reactive power equipment of the transformer substation;
8-2) if the current time does not belong to the substation priority action time period set, only carrying out voltage out-of-limit judgment on the substation, generating an out-of-limit strategy if the voltage is out-of-limit, and not outputting the strategy if the voltage is not out-of-limit.
Note: the physical meaning of the above process is explained as follows: if the active power transmission trend prediction data of the transformer substation is checked, the active power transmission of the transformer substation can be judged to enter a rapid continuous rising stage (low valley to high peak conversion) in a period of time in the future, the optimization dead zone parameter is set to be a small value at the moment and is usually adjusted to be half of a default value, on one hand, the voltage change caused by load change is responded in time, and reactive power compensation equipment is put into; on the other hand, due to the fact that the load is continuously increased in the future period, voltage exceeding caused by load fluctuation generally does not occur. If the active power transmission prediction data of the substation bus is checked, it can be judged that the active power transmission of the substation will enter a rapid continuous descending stage (from a high peak to a flat peak and a low valley) in a future period of time, the optimization dead zone parameter is set to be a small value and is generally adjusted to be half of a default value, so that the reactive power compensation equipment can be timely withdrawn along with the reduction of the load, and the voltage is prevented from exceeding the limit.
9) Let j equal j +1, and decide j:
if j is less than or equal to n, returning to the step 7) again;
if j is larger than n, the calculation of all the automatic voltage control strategies of the transformer substation in the current round is completed, and when the next automatic voltage control period comes, the step 6) is returned again, and a new round of real-time automatic voltage control calculation is started.
The automatic voltage control method based on active trend determination provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments:
1) presetting a moment T for day-ahead power flow forecasting every day, and setting the moment T as 23 hours every day;
2) when the daily time T comes, according to the latest power grid model and various read day-ahead plan prediction data, calculating the tidal current prediction results of 96 day-ahead times according to 15-minute intervals, reading the active tidal current values of all the main transformer high-voltage side windings at all the times in the next day from the prediction results, and forming a set
Represents the total active power set of the high-voltage side windings of all m main transformers, wherein
An all-day active power data set representing the high-voltage side winding of the ith main transformer, wherein
The active power value of the ith main transformer high-voltage side winding at the xth moment is represented, wherein x is 1,2,3, …,96, i is 1,2,3, …, m;
in the examples, there are 3 main transformers: active power values (unit: MW) of 96 time points of the 3 main transformers in the day before the current forecast, which are obtained by Tr1, Tr2 and Tr3, are shown in the following table:
table 1 active power value table for 96 time points of each main transformer in this embodiment
3) According to the topological relation of the power grid, the substation to which each main transformer belongs can be known, the active power values of all the main transformers belonging to the same substation at the same moment are added by using the result of the step 2), the active power values of the substation at all times in the whole day can be obtained, and a data set is formed
Representing the total active power set of all n substations, wherein
Represents the total active power data set of the jth substation, wherein
Representing the active power value of the jth substation at the xth moment, where x is 1,2,3, …,96, j is 1,2,3, …, n;
in this embodiment, according to the topological relationship, the three main transformers just belong to three substations respectively: st1, St2, St3, each substation has a main transformer, and the active power of 96 moments of the main transformers in table 1 also represents the active power (unit: MW) of the corresponding station, as shown in the following table:
table 2 active power value table for 96 time points of each substation in the present embodiment
4) Acquiring a second day load ascending time interval set and a second day load descending time interval set of each transformer substation to form a priority action time interval set of the transformer substation on the second day; the method comprises the following specific steps:
4-1) setting the substation serial number j to 1, and starting calculation and judgment from the jth substation; taking the jth transformer substation as the current transformer substation; setting the time interval length as TDThe method comprises the following steps of (1) taking minutes;
4-2) judging whether a priority action time interval set possibly exists in the current transformer substation, if so, entering a step 4-3), and if not, entering a step 4-4); the specific method comprises the following steps:
4-2-1) Total day active power dataset from the jth substation
In the method, the maximum value and the minimum value of the active power in 96 moments of the transformer substation can be obtained and respectively set to be
And
calculating to obtain the maximum peak-valley difference of the transformer substation
In this embodiment, the data of 3 stations obtained in the table according to step 3) are shown in the following table: (Unit: MW)
Table 3 table of the maximum peak-valley difference of each substation in this embodiment
| Name of factory station | Maximum value | Time of maximum value | Minimum value | Moment of minimum value | Difference between peak and valley |
| St1 | 168.22 | Time 36 | 77.30 | Time 21 | 90.92 |
| St2 | 52.55 | Time 72 | 18.16 | Time 21 | 34.39 |
| St3 | 33.91 | Time 61 | 10.49 | Time 22 | 23.42 |
4-2-2) setting a peak-to-valley difference threshold value of an absolute value for the jth substation
And judging that: if it is not
Step 4-2-3) is entered; if it is not
Step 4-4) is entered;
in this embodiment, the threshold value of the peak-to-valley difference of 3 stations is set to 30, and according to the above determination conditions and table 3, if the peak-to-valley difference between St1 and St2 is greater than the threshold value 30, the next determination is performed, and if the threshold value of St3 is less than the threshold value 30, the daily load change is considered to be small, and the next determination is not performed.
4-2-3) setting a threshold value for the rate of change for the jth substation
(the threshold value is related to j, which is typically 1/3), the maximum rate of change of the substation is calculated
And judging: if it is not
Step 4-3) is entered; if it is not
Step 4-4) is entered;
in this embodiment, the maximum change rate of each substation is shown in the following table:
table 4 maximum change rate table of each substation in this embodiment
| Name of factory station | Maximum value | Difference between peak and valley | Maximum rate of change | Threshold value |
| St1 | 168.22 | 90.92 | 0.54 | 0.33 |
| St2 | 52.55 | 34.39 | 0.65 | 0.33 |
As can be seen from table 4, when the maximum change rates of St1 and St2 are both larger than the threshold value, the next sub-determination is performed.
4-3) respectively acquiring a second day load ascending time period set and a second day load descending time period set of the current transformer substation to form a priority action time period set of the transformer substation; the method comprises the following specific steps:
4-3-1) establishing a load ascending time period set T of the jth substation on the second dayincjAnd the load reduction period set T of the second day of the jth transformer substationdecjAnd are initially empty, respectively;
setting a time number x to 1, and starting to judge from the x-th time;
4-3-2) calculating T from the xth momentDMinute (T)DIs an integral multiple of 15), and when the period of every 15 minutes is taken as a moment, the active transmission trend of the substation j is not TDThe future T is T in minutesD15 moments; setting initial value L of variablei＝0,Ld＝0，LiTo determine the active trend rise time, LdA counter for judging the active trend descending time; if x is 96, T is counted from this timeDTime period of minutes Li＝0,LdGo directly to step 4-3-7), 0;
4-3-3) setting y to be 0, wherein y is an accumulated time value from the x-th time, the accumulated time value does not exceed t times at most, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than t, and x + y +1 is less than or equal to 96;
4-3-4) calculating:
4-3-5) judging the calculation result of the step 4-3-4):
if Δ PyIs not less than 0 and satisfies Δ Py＞P1Then let Li＝Li+1；
If Δ Py< 0 and satisfy Δ Py＜P2Then let Ld＝Ld+1；
P1,P2Threshold parameters for judging the change rate of the load increase and the change rate reduction of the transformer substation respectively are as follows: MW/min. The setting can be carried out according to the daily load change condition of the transformer substation.
4-3-6) let y ═ y +1, then decide y:
if y is less than t and x + y +1 is less than or equal to 96, returning to the step 4-3-4); if y is more than or equal to t or x + y +1 is more than 96, entering the step 4-3-7);
in an embodiment, T is setD60 minutes, t 60/15 4, P1＝8,P2The following table shows the active power difference between the adjacent time points of the whole day of St1 and St2, and the active power difference is judged according to the step 4-9) to obtain L corresponding to each time pointiAnd LdAs shown in the following table:
table 5 each substation L of the present embodimentiAnd LdRecording table
4-3-7) pairs of LiAnd LdAnd (4) judging:
if L isi＞L1Then, the jth substation active power transmission is considered to enter the ascending period, and T is started from the xth momentDAnd the minute time interval is regarded as the time interval of preferentially putting capacitive reactive equipment or preferentially cutting off the inductive reactive equipment, and the time interval is added into the load rise time interval set T of the jth transformer substation on the second dayincj；
If L isd＞L2Then, the jth substation active power transmission is considered to enter the descent period, and T is started from the xth momentDAnd the minute time interval is regarded as the time interval in which inductive reactive equipment is preferentially put in or capacitive reactive equipment is preferentially cut off, and the time interval is added into the time interval set T of the load reduction time interval set T of the jth transformer substation on the second daydecj；
Otherwise, the other cases are not considered to be ascending or descending periods.
In this embodiment, L is set1＝3，L23, according to the determination method of table 5 and step 4-11), a period in which no load adjustment is seen in St2 can be obtained, and St1 can be obtained as shown in the following table:
table 6 priority action period table of St1 of the embodiment
| Name of factory station | Rise period | Fall time period |
| St1 | 29-36(7:15-9:00) | 67-73(16:45-18:15) |
4-3-8) let x ═ x +1, then decide x:
if x is less than or equal to 96, returning to the step 4-3-2); if x>96, then current TincjIs the final set of the load ascending period of the jth transformer substation on the second day, the current TdecjAnd (4) forming a priority action time interval set of the jth substation for the load reduction time interval of the jth substation on the second day, and then entering the step 4-13).
4-4) let j ═ j +1, then decide j:
if j is less than or equal to n, returning to the step 4-2); if j > n, the set of priority action periods for the discrete reactive devices of all substations on the next day has been calculated and can be applied during the real-time automatic voltage control phase on the next day, and then step 5) is entered.
The set of load up and down periods for the 3 plants obtained in the final example is shown in the following table:
table 7 priority operation period table for all substations in this embodiment
| Name of factory station | Set of load rise periods | Set of load shedding periods |
| St1 | 7:15-9:00 | 16:45-18:15 |
| St2 | Air conditioner | Air conditioner |
| St3 | Air conditioner | Air conditioner |
5) Setting an automatic voltage control period to Tc；
6) When each automatic voltage control cycle arrives on the next day, setting the arrival time of the cycle as the current time, and setting the serial number j of the transformer substation to be 1;
7) and (3) judging the jth substation at the current moment:
if any bus voltage of the jth substation exceeds the limit, the substation needs to be subjected to out-of-limit strategy judgment, then j is made to be j +1, and the next substation is continuously judged; if the jth substation does not have any bus voltage out-of-limit, entering step 8);
8) judging the current time:
8-1) if the current time is in the substation priority action time period set calculated in the step 4), generating optimization strategy priority action discrete equipment, calculating the optimized voltage of each bus of the whole network in a fixed period by the system, and executing the following steps:
8-1-1) if the current time belongs to the set Tincj(namely in the active load rise period of the transformer substation), if the real-time voltage of the high-voltage side bus of the jth transformer substation is higher than the optimized voltage, the optimization strategy is not needed; if the voltage is lower than the optimized voltage, generating an optimization strategy for putting capacitive reactive power equipment into the transformer substation or cutting inductive reactive power equipment out;
8-1-2) if the current time is the set Tdecj(namely in the period of the active load reduction of the transformer substation), if the real-time voltage of the high-voltage side bus of the transformer substation j is lower than the optimized voltage, the optimization strategy is not needed; if the voltage is higher than the optimized voltage, generating an optimization strategy for inputting inductive reactive power equipment or cutting capacitive reactive power equipment of the transformer substation;
8-2) if the current time does not belong to the substation priority action time interval set, only judging that the voltage is out of limit, if so, generating an out-of-limit strategy, and if not, not outputting the strategy.
In an embodiment, since there is only data in the set of load up and down of St1, only the bus voltage off-limit policies of the two plants need to be considered when deciding the policies of St2 and St 3; when the control strategy of St1 is determined, the current time is 8:00, and the optimum voltage V of the high-voltage side bus Bs1 of St1 is calculatedopf225.6kV, the real-time voltage V of the busrealAnd 223 kV. Since the current time belongs to the set Tincj(7:15-9:00), i.e. during the period of time of active load droop St1, because of Vopf>VrealThe determination is performed according to the method of step 8-1-1), and the optimization dead zone parameter of the bus Bs1 is set to 1kV, so that the optimization strategy for putting into the capacitive reactive device can be generated in St 1.
9) Let j equal j +1, and decide j:
if j is less than or equal to n, returning to the step 7) again;
if j is larger than n, the calculation of all the automatic voltage control strategies of the transformer substation in the current round is completed, and when the next automatic voltage control period comes, the step 6) is returned again, and a new round of real-time automatic voltage control calculation is started.
Claims (7)
1. The automatic voltage control method based on active trend judgment is characterized by comprising the steps of firstly obtaining power flow forecast results at 96 moments in the day ahead, obtaining active power values of high-voltage side windings of all main transformers at all moments in the day on the second day, and calculating to obtain the active power values of all transformer substations at all moments in the day; then establishing a priority action time period set of each transformer substation on the next day according to the active power change trend of each transformer substation all day; when the automatic voltage control cycle of the next day comes, under the condition that the voltage of the transformer substation is not out of limit, if the current time belongs to the priority action time period set, an optimization strategy for switching the discrete reactive power equipment of the transformer substation is made according to the load change condition of the time period.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
1) setting a moment T for daily power flow prediction every day;
2) temporarily at the time T of each day, calculating the forecasting results of the power flow at 96 moments before the day according to 15-minute intervals, reading the active power flow values of the high-voltage side windings of the main transformers at each moment on the next day from the forecasting results, and forming an aggregate
Represents the total active power set of the high-voltage side windings of all m main transformers, wherein
Representing the all-day active power data set of the high-voltage side winding of the ith main transformer,
the active power value of the ith main transformer high-voltage side winding at the xth moment is represented, wherein x is 1,2,3, …,96, i is 1,2,3, …, m;
3) adding the active power values of all main transformers belonging to the same transformer substation at the same moment by using the result of the step 2) to obtain the active power values of the transformer substation at all times all day, and forming a data set
Representing the total active power set of all n substations, wherein
Representing the j-th substation all-day active power dataset,
representing the active power value of the jth substation at the xth moment, where x is 1,2,3, …,96, j is 1,2,3, …, n;
4) acquiring a second day load ascending time interval set and a second day load descending time interval set of each transformer substation to form a priority action time interval set of the transformer substation on the second day;
5) setting an automatic voltage control period;
6) when each automatic voltage control cycle arrives on the next day, setting the arrival time of the cycle as the current time, and setting the serial number j of the transformer substation to be 1;
7) and (3) judging the jth substation at the current moment:
if any bus voltage of the jth substation exceeds the limit, enabling j to be j +1, and continuing to judge the next substation; if the jth substation does not have any bus voltage out-of-limit, entering step 8);
8) judging the current time:
8-1) if the current time is in the substation priority action time period set calculated in the step 4), generating a corresponding optimization strategy for switching discrete reactive power equipment according to the relation between the real-time voltage of the high-voltage side bus of the jth substation and the optimized voltage of the bus, and then entering the step 9);
8-2) if the current time does not belong to the substation priority action time interval set, directly entering the step 9);
9) let j equal j +1, and decide j:
if j is less than or equal to n, returning to the step 7) again;
if j is larger than n, all the automatic voltage control strategy calculation of the transformer substation in the current round is completed, and when the next automatic voltage control period comes, the step 6) is returned again, and a new round of automatic voltage control calculation is started.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step 4) comprises the following specific steps:
4-1) setting the serial number j of the transformer substation to be 1, and taking the jth transformer substation as the current transformer substation; setting the time interval length as TDThe method comprises the following steps of (1) taking minutes;
4-2) judging whether a priority action time interval set possibly exists in the current transformer substation, if so, entering a step 4-3), and if not, entering a step 4-4);
4-3) respectively acquiring a second day load ascending time period set and a second day load descending time period set of the current transformer substation to form a priority action time period set of the transformer substation;
4-4) let j ═ j +1, then decide j:
if j is not more than n, updating the current transformer substation, and then returning to the step 4-2); if j > n, the calculation of the priority action time interval set of all the substations on the next day is completed, and then the step 5) is carried out.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step 4-2) comprises the following specific steps:
4-2-1) Total day active power dataset from the jth substation
In the method, the maximum sum of the active power in 96 moments of the transformer substation is obtainedMinimum values, respectively
And
calculating the maximum peak-valley difference of the transformer substation
4-2-2) setting the peak-valley difference threshold value of the jth substation
And judging that: if it is not
Step 4-2-3) is entered; if it is not
Step 4-4) is entered;
4-2-3) setting a change rate threshold value of the jth substation, and calculating the maximum change rate of the substation
And judging that: if it is not
Then there may be a set of priority action periods for that substation, and then go to step 4-3); if it is not
Step 4-4) is entered.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein T isDIs an integer multiple of 15.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the steps 4-3) are as follows:
4-3-1) establishing a load ascending time period set T of the jth substation on the second dayincjAnd the load reduction period set T of the second day of the jth transformer substationdecjAnd are initially empty, respectively;
setting a time sequence number x to be 1;
4-3-2) setting initial value L of variablei＝0,Ld＝0，LiTo determine the active trend rise time, LdA counter for judging the active trend descending time; t ═ TD15; if x is 96, T is counted from this timeDTime period of minutes Li＝0,LdGo directly to step 4-3-7), 0;
4-3-3) setting y to be 0, wherein y is a time value accumulated from the x-th time, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than t, and x + y +1 is less than or equal to 96;
4-3-4) calculating:
4-3-5) judging the calculation result of the step 4-3-4):
if Δ PyIs not less than 0 and satisfies Δ Py＞P1Then let Li＝Li+1；
If Δ Py< 0 and satisfy Δ Py＜P2Then let Ld＝Ld+1；
P1,P2Threshold parameters for judging the change rate of the load increase and the change rate of the transformer substation are respectively set;
4-3-6) let y ═ y +1, then decide y:
if y is less than t and x + y +1 is less than or equal to 96, returning to the step 4-3-4); if y is more than or equal to t or x + y +1 is more than 96, entering the step 4-3-7);
4-3-7) pairs of LiAnd LdAnd (4) judging:
if L isi＞L1Then from the xth moment T will beDTime period of minutes into set Tincj(ii) a Wherein L is1The lowest threshold value of the ascending count of the active trend is judged;
if L isd＞L2Then from the xth moment T will beDTime period of minutes into set Tdecj(ii) a Wherein L is2The lowest threshold value of the active trend decline counting is judged;
4-3-8) let x ═ x +1, then decide x:
if x is less than or equal to 96, returning to the step 4-3-2); if x>96, then current TincjIs the final set of the load ascending period of the jth transformer substation on the second day, the current TdecjAnd (4) forming a priority action time interval set of the jth substation for the load reduction time interval of the jth substation on the second day, and then entering the step 4-4).
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step 8-1) comprises the following specific steps:
8-1-1) if the current time belongs to the set TincjThe following are judged: if the real-time voltage of the high-voltage side bus of the jth transformer substation is higher than the optimized voltage, the transformer substation does not need an optimization strategy at the current moment; if the real-time voltage of the high-voltage side bus of the jth transformer substation is lower than the optimized voltage, generating an optimization strategy for putting capacitive reactive power equipment into the transformer substation or cutting off the inductive reactive power equipment;
8-1-2) if the current time is the set TdecjThe following are judged: if the real-time voltage of the high-voltage side bus of the jth transformer substation is lower than the optimized voltage, the transformer substation does not need an optimization strategy at the current moment; and if the real-time voltage of the high-voltage side bus of the jth transformer substation is higher than the optimized voltage, generating an optimization strategy for switching in inductive reactive power equipment or switching out capacitive reactive power equipment of the transformer substation.
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