CN112820363B - Method for determining organic carbon lower limit of effective hydrocarbon source rock - Google Patents
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 carbonate hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the lower limit of organic carbon of effective source rock. The method comprises the following steps: calculating the hydrocarbon content in the hydrocarbon source rock when a certain depth reaches the critical saturation; calculating the initial hydrocarbon generation potential: calculating the conversion rate of the corresponding organic matters into hydrocarbon according to the depth; then, according to the conversion rate, the initial hydrocarbon generation potential is calculated according to the hydrocarbon content required in hydrocarbon discharge; calculating the required organic carbon content in source rock during hydrocarbon removal: and (3) making a graph of hydrocarbon production potential and organic carbon content TOC according to rock pyrolysis data to obtain a fitting relation between the hydrocarbon production potential and the organic carbon content TOC of the different types of hydrocarbon source rocks, and calculating the required organic carbon content of the source rocks in different depth hydrocarbon discharge of various hydrocarbon source rocks according to the fitting relation. The method is convenient and quick, and the lower limit of the organic carbon of the effective hydrocarbon source rock with different oil discharge saturation can be determined by applying a common organic carbon and rock pyrolysis test project in the geochemistry method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resource evaluation in oil-gas geology; in particular to a method for determining the lower limit of organic carbon of effective source rock.
Background
The focus in the evaluation of effective hydrocarbon source rock is "what organic matter abundance lower limit is adopted", which relates to what rock is effective hydrocarbon source rock, how thick the effective hydrocarbon source layer is, and how large the distribution area and volume of the effective hydrocarbon source layer are. Jones (1978) pointed out as early as 20 years ago that "the minimum organic carbon content necessary to render a potential parent rock into an effective parent rock, is not a constant, and varies greatly depending on many other variables, i.e., source rocks of different basin, different deposition environments, different organic matter types, different maturity should have different lower organic matter abundance limits in theory; however, in practical work, for convenient operation, a uniform lower limit of organic matter abundance is often adopted. In order to ensure adequate hydrocarbon production and adequate displacement efficiency, the effective source rock must possess corresponding organic matter abundances (and their types, maturity and associated physical, chemical conditions). Jones is considered to be 2.5% for the lower limit of organic carbon. The major world-wide reservoir is based on 2.5% by weight of total organic carbon produced by the parent rock, and is often in excess of 10%. There may be mentioned many examples such as North sea North base Meriedean, alor, new System in California, chalk-based black shale in the Purad Howard area, central land Pakind and wood Fund, siberian midwife, and the like. Most of the students such as Momper, mcAulif fe and Barker tend to have an organic carbon lower limit of 1% or more. They point to potential parent rocks containing 0.5% to 1% organic carbon, although some hydrocarbons may be produced, such parent rocks often fail to form an effective "self-draining mechanism" — such as the formation of effective pressure-open gaps, "three-dimensional kerogen networks," hydrocarbon pore center networks "formed by the merging of isolated oil droplets, and the like. Only a small fraction of the potential parent rock actually "actually participates in full displacement", "perhaps most petroleum parent rock systems are actually non-raw oil rock). The lower limit of the organic matter abundance proposed by most scholars in China is obviously lower than the international standard, the lower limit of the organic matter abundance of carbonate hydrocarbon source rock is considered to be 0.1% -0.2%, and the lower limit of the organic matter abundance of carbonate widely adopted by the field exploration department is considered to be 0.1%; the lower limit of the organic matter abundance of the sea-phase argillaceous source rock is 0.5 percent, which is the same as that of the land-phase (lake-phase) argillaceous source rock. Regarding mudstones as hydrocarbon source rocks, the evaluation criteria are unified in the petroleum industry at present that the organic carbon content of 0.4% is used as the boundary between non-raw oil rocks and raw oil rocks, while the evaluation criteria for the mudstones as effective hydrocarbon source rocks still have great divergence from 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1.0% and even more, which are different from each other.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem of difficult definition of organic carbon of effective hydrocarbon source rock, the invention provides a method for determining the lower limit of the organic carbon of the effective hydrocarbon source rock, which is determined by utilizing the relation of critical saturation of oil discharge, hydrocarbon content during hydrocarbon discharge and hydrocarbon generation potential, indicates the range of the organic carbon of the effective hydrocarbon source rock in the longitudinal and transverse directions and the distribution rule thereof, and guides the oil and gas exploration and development.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for determining the lower limit of organic carbon of effective source rock comprises the following steps:
s100: calculating the hydrocarbon content in the hydrocarbon source rock when a certain depth reaches the critical saturation;
s200: calculating the initial hydrocarbon generation potential;
s300: and calculating the required organic carbon content in the source rock during hydrocarbon removal.
Preferably, the step of calculating the initial hydrocarbon generation potential of S200 includes:
calculating the conversion rate of the corresponding organic matters into hydrocarbon according to the depth; based on the conversion, an initial hydrocarbon production potential is then calculated from the desired hydrocarbon content at hydrocarbon removal.
Preferably, the step of S300 calculating the required organic carbon content in the source rock at hydrocarbon removal comprises:
and (3) making a graph of hydrocarbon production potential and organic carbon content TOC according to rock pyrolysis data to obtain a fitting relation between the hydrocarbon production potential and the organic carbon content TOC of the different types of hydrocarbon source rocks, and calculating the required organic carbon content of the source rocks in different depth hydrocarbon discharge of various hydrocarbon source rocks according to the fitting relation.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for determining a lower limit of organic carbon of an effective source rock, comprising the steps of:
s100: calculating the hydrocarbon content in the hydrocarbon source rock when a certain depth reaches the critical saturation:
the invention discloses a research precondition of the lower limit of the organic carbon abundance of effective hydrocarbon source rock, which comprises the following 4-point hypothesis:
(1) The mudstone porosity decreases with increasing depth;
(2) The primary migration phase state is a continuous oil phase and has 10% of critical saturation;
(3) Assuming that the effective carbon is fully degraded to produce hydrocarbon;
(4) The unit volume of hydrocarbon source rock is a certain amount of adsorbed hydrocarbon (particle adsorption and organic adsorption);
according to the assumption, the hydrocarbon content in the source rock can be obtained when the unit volume of the source rock reaches the critical saturation degree at a certain depth (porosity) during initial deposition, and the formula is as follows:
wherein each data is determined according to the actual measurement result: HC (HC) Rock -total hydrocarbon content of rock, mg/g;
V 0 -initial source rock volume, cm 3 ;
-porosity of the source rock at a depth,%;
S row of rows -critical saturation of oil drainage,%;
ρ hydrocarbons Density of hydrocarbon fluid, mg/cm 3 ;
ρ Rock -source rock density, mg/cm 3 ;
S1-soluble hydrocarbon in rock pyrolysis report, mg/g;
s200: calculating the initial hydrocarbon generation potential:
calculating the conversion rate of the corresponding organic matters into hydrocarbon according to the depth; then, according to the conversion rate, the initial hydrocarbon generation potential is calculated according to the hydrocarbon content required in hydrocarbon discharge;
wherein, according to the hydrocarbon generation dynamics experimental data, a conversion rate and depth change formula is simulated, as shown in fig. 2; the conversion rate and depth change formula of organic matters in source rock at a certain moment in the process of the history of the texture are as follows:
<3000m:y=405.68ln(x)+3253.2;
≥3000m:y=21261x 2 -29263x+12969;
wherein x is the conversion, i.e., the total hydrocarbon yield, mg/g; y is depth, m;
s300: calculating the required organic carbon content in source rock during hydrocarbon removal:
different types of hydrocarbon source rocks have different hydrocarbon generating potential, and a graph of hydrocarbon generating potential (S1+S2) and organic carbon content TOC can be made according to rock pyrolysis data (Tmax is less than 435 ℃); the fitting relation of the III type, II type and I type organic matters is as follows:
S1+S2=109.82TOC-0.5;
S1+S2=328.09TOC-0.5;
S1+S2=747.21TOC-0.5;
wherein S1 is soluble hydrocarbon in a rock pyrolysis report, and mg/g; s2 pyrolyzing hydrocarbon, mg/g;
based on the above relation, the organic carbon content required in the source rock can be made when various hydrocarbon source rocks are subjected to hydrocarbon discharge with different porosities (depths).
In practice, the organic matter in the source rock needs to be completely degraded to reach a higher degree of thermal evolution, namely overripening. From the practical data, ro (maturity of source rock) at 5000 meters has reached 2%. The invention takes the original organic carbon value required by hydrocarbon discharge at 5000 meters as a hydrocarbon source rock standard. The organic carbon standards required for different hydrocarbon removal saturation levels are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 different hydrocarbon removal saturation requirements organic carbon standard
According to practical conditions, the organic carbon standard of 10% of oil drainage saturation is reasonable, namely the organic carbon standard of the type I hydrocarbon source rock is 0.18%, the organic carbon standard of the type II hydrocarbon source rock is 0.4% and the organic carbon standard of the type III hydrocarbon source rock is 1.1%. The carbon standard at different depths can be obtained according to the conversion rate and the depth change formula.
Compared with the prior art, the method for determining the lower limit of the organic carbon of the effective source rock has the following beneficial effects:
1) The TOC lower limit is determined reasonably by using a formula summarized by experimental data, and the TOC lower limit of the organic carbon of the effective hydrocarbon source rock in different areas can be determined according to the distribution characteristics of sample points in different areas, so that the method is suitable for other types of areas with complex geological conditions, changeable sediment characteristics and more dispersed sample points.
2) The invention has the characteristics of convenience and rapidness, and can determine the lower limit of the organic carbon of the effective hydrocarbon source rock with different oil discharge saturation by applying the common organic carbon and rock pyrolysis test project in the geochemistry method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining the lower limit of organic carbon of effective source rock in the invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of conversion as a function of depth.
FIG. 3 is a graph of type III hydrocarbon source rock organic carbon content versus hydrocarbon production potential.
FIG. 4 is a graph of organic carbon content versus hydrocarbon potential for type II hydrocarbon source rock.
FIG. 5 is a graph of organic carbon content versus hydrocarbon potential for type I hydrocarbon source rock.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to preferred embodiments. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and that this invention is not limited to the details given herein.
Taking an L-concave S area as an example for effective hydrocarbon source rock division. The ancient climate in the sand three period is generally changed from early semiarid to late semiarid, and the water body is gradually desalted. The water quantity is rich, evaporation is weakened, the basin is suddenly sunk, the lake surface is raised, the lake water is deepened and widened, sediment is obviously different, and the sediment has the characteristics of rapid sedimentation and rapid filling. The sand three-section hydrocarbon source rock is mainly dark mudstone, has wide distribution and large overall thickness, and has good condition for determining the lower limit of the organic carbon of the effective hydrocarbon source rock by using the method.
The method for determining the lower limit of the organic carbon of the effective source rock comprises the following steps:
s100: hydrocarbon content in the source rock at critical saturation:
the lower limit research precondition of the organic carbon abundance of the effective source rock comprises the following 4-point hypothesis:
1) The mudstone porosity decreases with increasing depth;
2) The primary migration phase state is a continuous oil phase and has 10% of critical saturation;
3) Assuming that the effective carbon is fully degraded to produce hydrocarbon;
4) The unit volume of hydrocarbon source rock adsorbs hydrocarbon (particle adsorption and organic matter adsorption) to a certain amount.
According to the assumption, the hydrocarbon content in the source rock when the unit volume of the source rock reaches the critical saturation degree at 5000m in the initial deposition can be obtained, and the formula is as follows:
wherein each data is determined according to the actual measurement result: HC (HC) Rock -total hydrocarbon content of rock, mg/g;
V 0 -initial source rock volume, cm 3 ;
-porosity of the source rock at a depth,%;
S row of rows -critical saturation of oil drainage,%;
ρ hydrocarbons Density of hydrocarbon fluid, mg/cm 3 ;
ρ Rock -source rock density, mg/cm 3 ;
S1-soluble hydrocarbons in rock pyrolysis report, mg/g.
S200: initial hydrocarbon production potential. Based on the conversion of organic matter in the source rock at each moment in the history, the initial hydrocarbon production potential can be estimated from the hydrocarbon content required in hydrocarbon removal.
For the conversion rate calculation process, for example, in the embodiment of the present invention, the hydrocarbon production dynamics experiment is performed by taking a system core from 200m to 5000m and taking a core at intervals of about 200m, and the kerogen oil production rate, the oil cracking gas rate, the kerogen gas production rate, the accumulated oil yield and the total gas yield are measured, and the conversion rate x is calculated finally, and finally, a formula is fitted, as shown in fig. 2, where the formula is:
<3000m:y=405.68㏑(x)+3253.2;
≥3000m:y=21261x 2 -29263x+12969;
wherein x is the conversion, i.e., the total hydrocarbon yield, mg/g; y is depth, m.
The data measured during the conversion calculation in this example are shown in table 2:
table 2 table of experimentally measured conversion data
S300: and calculating the required organic carbon content in the source rock during hydrocarbon removal. Different types of hydrocarbon source rocks have different hydrocarbon generation potential, and graphs of hydrocarbon generation potential and organic carbon content can be made according to rock pyrolysis data (Tmax is less than 435 ℃). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the data of S1 and S2 are obtained by rock pyrolysis data report measurement, different values are obtained at different depths, and then a corresponding relation fit is found according to the total organic carbon data, as shown in fig. 3-5, fig. 3 is a graph of type iii hydrocarbon source rock organic carbon content and hydrocarbon production potential, fig. 4 is a graph of type ii hydrocarbon source rock organic carbon content and hydrocarbon production potential, and fig. 5 is a graph of type i hydrocarbon source rock organic carbon content and hydrocarbon production potential.
The fitting relation of the III type, II type and I type organic matters is as follows:
S1+S2=109.82TOC-0.5;
S1+S2=328.09TOC-0.5;
S1+S2=747.21TOC-0.5;
wherein S1 is soluble hydrocarbon in a rock pyrolysis report, and mg/g; s2 pyrolyzing hydrocarbons, mg/g.
Based on the relation, the invention considers that the organic carbon standard at 10% oil extraction saturation is reasonable, and the organic carbon lower limit standard of the hydrocarbon source rocks with different depths can be obtained. When the depth of the source rock buries reaches 5000 meters and organic matters are completely degraded, as can be seen from table 1, the organic carbon standard of the type I hydrocarbon source rock is 0.18%, the organic carbon standard of the type II hydrocarbon source rock is 0.4% and the organic carbon standard of the type III hydrocarbon source rock is 1.1%.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are provided merely for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and that various other changes and modifications may be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. The method for determining the lower limit of the organic carbon of the effective source rock is characterized in that the research precondition of the method comprises the following 4-point hypothesis:
1) The mudstone porosity decreases with increasing depth;
2) The primary migration phase state is a continuous oil phase and has 10% of critical saturation;
3) Assuming that the effective carbon is fully degraded to produce hydrocarbon;
4) Adsorbing hydrocarbon in a unit volume of hydrocarbon source rock to a certain amount;
the method comprises the following steps:
s100: calculating the hydrocarbon content in the hydrocarbon source rock when a certain depth reaches the critical saturation;
the formula of the hydrocarbon content in the source rock when the unit volume of the source rock reaches the critical saturation degree at a certain depth in the initial deposition is as follows:
;
wherein each data is determined according to the actual measurement result: HC (HC) Rock -total hydrocarbon content of rock, mg/g;
V 0 -initial source rock volume, cm 3 ;
-porosity of the source rock at a depth,%;
S row of rows -critical saturation of oil drainage,%;
ρ hydrocarbons Density of hydrocarbon fluid, mg/cm 3 ;
ρ Rock -source rock density, mg/cm 3 ;
S1-soluble hydrocarbon in rock pyrolysis report, mg/g;
s200: calculating the initial hydrocarbon generation potential:
calculating the conversion rate of the corresponding organic matters into hydrocarbon according to the depth; then, according to the conversion rate, the initial hydrocarbon generation potential is calculated according to the hydrocarbon content required in hydrocarbon discharge;
the conversion rate and depth change formula of organic matters in source rock at a certain moment in the process of the history of the texture are as follows:
<3000 m:y = 405.68 ln(x) +3253.2;
≥3000 m:y = 21261x 2 -29263x+12969;
wherein x is the conversion, i.e., the total hydrocarbon yield, mg/g; y is depth, m;
s300: calculating the required organic carbon content in source rock during hydrocarbon removal:
the hydrocarbon production potential of different types of hydrocarbon source rocks is different, a graph of the hydrocarbon production potential and the organic carbon content TOC is made according to rock pyrolysis data, a fitting relation between the hydrocarbon production potential and the organic carbon content TOC of the different types of hydrocarbon source rocks is obtained, and the organic carbon content required by the source rocks in different deep hydrocarbon discharge of various hydrocarbon source rocks is calculated according to the fitting relation;
the fitting relation between hydrocarbon generation potential and organic carbon content TOC of III type, II type and I type hydrocarbon source rock is as follows:
S1+S2 = 109.82TOC-0.5;
S1+S2 = 328.09TOC-0.5;
S1+S2 = 747.21TOC-0.5;
wherein S1 is soluble hydrocarbon in a rock pyrolysis report, and mg/g; s2 pyrolyzing hydrocarbons, mg/g.
2. The method for determining the lower limit of organic carbon in an effective source rock according to claim 1, wherein the 10% hydrocarbon removal saturation requires the following organic carbon at a depth of 5000 m:
type I: 0.18%;
type II: 0.4%;
type III: 1.1%.
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CN104533406A (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2015-04-22 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Method for determining petroleum entrapment probability |
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