CN112819360A - Highway roadside sensing equipment layout scheme evaluation method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a system for evaluating a layout scheme of roadside sensing equipment of a highway, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining an evaluation index of the layout scheme, and constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system; and evaluating different layout schemes based on the comprehensive evaluation index system to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment. Compared with the existing mode that the intelligent high-speed design mostly takes historical experience and manufacturer opinions as main points, the method can improve the accuracy of the layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment of the highway, so that the roadside sensing equipment can play a great role in limited configuration, thereby having higher cost performance and avoiding resource waste on the basis of meeting traffic sensing requirements; in addition, the intelligent high-speed design system can assist intelligent high-speed designers to improve working timeliness, reduce redundant workload, provide scientific data support for intelligent high-speed design and provide basis for compiling relevant standard specifications.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of traffic engineering, intelligent roads, roadside equipment and electromechanical design, in particular to a method and a system for evaluating a layout scheme of roadside sensing equipment of an expressway.
Background
A designer provides a targeted layout scheme for sensing equipment such as a camera and a millimeter wave radar which are required to be arranged and installed on a road side by considering different roads, traffic and equipment characteristics in a highway design construction stage. In the current electromechanical design of the intelligent expressway in China, the layout scheme aiming at roadside sensing equipment lacks effective standard specifications at present, and only a few relevant standards can only provide wider guidance, for example, the following regulations for traffic flow detection equipment in the general technical specification of highway engineering adaptive automatic driving accessory facilities are provided: "the mounting angle should ensure that the detector covers the area; detection equipment is preferably deployed on a main line at a distance not greater than 1km, detection equipment is preferably deployed on entrance and exit ramps such as an intercommunicated type flyover crossing, a service area and a parking area, and the like, and in recent years, related standard organization units are increasing organization strength of similar standards so as to better provide guidance for intelligent high-speed roadside equipment layout in China.
In addition, the intelligent high-speed designer mainly takes historical experience and manufacturer opinions in the process of making the layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment, a large amount of research needs to be carried out in the working process, the equipment type selection and layout principle are greatly influenced by product performance, and scientific data and theoretical support is lacked. Therefore, after compiling the layout scheme of the intelligent roadside sensing equipment, designers need an evaluation method considering a theoretical model to evaluate the effect of the layout scheme, so as to obtain the optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for evaluating a layout scheme of roadside sensing equipment of a highway, which are used for evaluating the effect of the layout scheme aiming at the roadside sensing equipment, so that the optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment is obtained, the utilization efficiency of the equipment is improved, and the cost is reduced.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
according to a first aspect of the embodiment of the invention, a method for evaluating a layout scheme of perception equipment on the side of a highway is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
determining an evaluation index of the layout scheme, and constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system;
and evaluating different layout schemes based on the comprehensive evaluation index system to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment.
Further, determining the evaluation index of the layout scheme, and constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system, which specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the problems existing in the layout design process of the highway roadside sensing system, an evaluation principle of the layout scheme of roadside sensing equipment is provided;
and determining the evaluation index of the layout scheme according to the evaluation principle.
Further, according to the problems existing in the layout design process of the highway roadside sensing system, the evaluation principle of the layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment is provided, and the evaluation principle specifically comprises the following steps:
the problems existing in the layout design process of the highway roadside sensing system comprise: the cost is expensive, the coverage is not comprehensive, and the working efficiency is low, so the evaluation principle of the road side sensing equipment layout scheme is provided in a targeted manner, and the evaluation principle comprises the following steps: economy, comprehensiveness and effectiveness.
Further, the determining the layout scheme evaluation index according to the evaluation principle specifically includes:
based on an economic principle, the evaluation indexes comprise average construction cost per kilometer and average maintenance cost per kilometer;
based on a comprehensive principle, the evaluation indexes comprise data acquisition types, physical coverage and physical overlapping degrees;
based on the validity principle, the evaluation indexes comprise function coverage and mean time between failures.
Further, based on the comprehensive evaluation index system, different layout schemes are evaluated to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and evaluating different layout schemes by adopting a preset evaluation method or model to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment.
Further, the evaluation method or model includes a grey correlation analysis method, an expert scoring method, and an analytic hierarchy process.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an evaluation system for a layout scheme of roadside sensing devices on a highway, the system including:
the comprehensive evaluation index system building module is used for determining the evaluation index of the layout scheme and building a comprehensive evaluation index system;
and the layout scheme evaluation module is used for evaluating different layout schemes based on the comprehensive evaluation index system to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment.
Further, the comprehensive evaluation index system building module is further configured to:
according to the problems existing in the layout design process of the highway roadside sensing system, an evaluation principle of the layout scheme of roadside sensing equipment is provided;
and determining the evaluation index of the layout scheme according to the evaluation principle.
Further, the layout scheme evaluation module is further configured to:
and evaluating different layout schemes by adopting a preset evaluation method or model to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for evaluating a layout scheme of roadside sensing equipment of a highway, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining an evaluation index of the layout scheme, and constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system; and evaluating different layout schemes based on the comprehensive evaluation index system to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment. Compared with the existing mode that the intelligent high-speed design mostly takes historical experience and manufacturer opinions as main points, the method can improve the accuracy of the layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment of the highway, so that the roadside sensing equipment can play a great role in limited configuration, thereby having higher cost performance and avoiding resource waste on the basis of meeting traffic sensing requirements; in addition, the intelligent high-speed design system can assist intelligent high-speed designers to improve working timeliness, reduce redundant workload, provide scientific data support for intelligent high-speed design and provide basis for compiling relevant standard specifications.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating a layout scheme of roadside sensing equipment of an expressway according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive evaluation index system in the method for evaluating the layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment on the highway provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a layout scheme in the method for evaluating a layout scheme of roadside sensing equipment on an expressway according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the degree of preference ranking of each layout scheme in the method for evaluating the layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment on the highway provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a layout scheme evaluation system for roadside sensing equipment on an expressway provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides an evaluation method for a layout scheme of roadside sensing equipment of a highway, which comprises the following steps of:
and S110, determining the layout scheme evaluation index, and constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system.
Specifically, step S110 specifically includes:
according to the problems existing in the layout design process of the highway roadside sensing system, an evaluation principle of the layout scheme of roadside sensing equipment is provided;
and determining the evaluation index of the layout scheme according to the evaluation principle.
The following problems and challenges exist in the existing layout design process of the highway roadside sensing system:
1) the cost is expensive. The unit price of the roadside sensing equipment of the highway is generally higher, and the operation mileage is longer, so the cost is high when the roadside sensing equipment is arranged.
2) The coverage is not comprehensive. Taking highway cameras as an example, one set of cameras is arranged at intervals of 500-1000 meters in a common design scheme at present, and the visible distance of most of the cameras is within 100 meters, so that the comprehensive coverage cannot be realized.
3) The efficiency is low. Due to poor outdoor conditions, the sensing equipment at the side of the highway is prone to failure, and particularly in high-incidence areas in severe weather, the working and operating efficiency is low.
According to the existing problems, a set of evaluation principles of the layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment is provided, and the method follows the following principles:
1) and (4) economy. The engineering cost is an important influence factor of the design of the highway, and the economical principle needs to be considered in the layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment.
2) The comprehensiveness of the product. The layout scheme of the highway roadside sensing equipment needs to ensure that the data of the maximum coverage range of the highway can be acquired.
3) Effectiveness. The arrangement scheme of the highway roadside sensing equipment needs to ensure that the selected equipment can still effectively operate and work under severe weather conditions.
Further, the step of determining the layout scheme evaluation index according to the evaluation principle specifically includes:
based on the economic principle, the evaluation indexes comprise average construction cost per kilometer and average maintenance cost per kilometer;
based on a comprehensive principle, the evaluation indexes comprise data acquisition types, physical coverage and physical overlapping degrees;
based on the validity principle, the evaluation indexes comprise function coverage and mean time between failures.
Based on the above evaluation principle, the evaluation index is selected, and a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed, as shown in fig. 2. The economic principle is mainly characterized by two indexes of average construction cost per kilometer and average maintenance cost per kilometer; the comprehensive principle is mainly characterized by three indexes of data acquisition type, physical coverage and physical overlapping degree; the effectiveness principle is mainly characterized by two indexes of functional coverage and mean time between failures.
Mcpk (mean cost per kilometer): the average construction cost per kilometer refers to the average construction cost per kilometer of the roadside sensing equipment when the highway is constructed, and the unit is ten thousand yuan.
Mmpk (mean maintennce cost per kilometer): the average maintenance cost per kilometer (within the operation annual limit after construction) refers to the average maintenance cost per kilometer of the roadside sensing equipment after the highway is operated, and the unit is ten thousand yuan.
Dct (data Collection type): and the data acquisition type refers to the type of data which can be acquired by the road side sensing equipment.
Pcd (physical coverage hierarchy): physical coverage, the sensing equipment at the road indicating side can detect the proportion of the covered range to the whole range of the expressway.
Pod (physical overlay tree): the physical overlapping degree refers to the proportion of the overlapping range in the whole range of the expressway detected among different roadside sensing devices.
Fcd (functional coverage default): and the functional coverage is the coincidence degree of the detection area of the road side sensing equipment and the actual occurrence area of the detection target (such as a traffic bottleneck point, an accident black point and the like).
Mtbf (mean Time Between failure): mean time between failures, which is the mean time for the sensing device at the road side to work correctly in the period between two adjacent failures, and the unit is hour.
And S120, evaluating different layout schemes based on a comprehensive evaluation index system to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment.
Further, step S120 specifically includes: and evaluating different layout schemes by adopting a preset evaluation method or model to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment. In this embodiment, the evaluation method or model includes a gray correlation analysis method, an expert scoring method, an analytic hierarchy process, and the like.
Taking a gray correlation analysis method as an example, the gray correlation analysis is a method for judging the correlation degree between factors according to the similarity degree of the geometric shapes of the variation curves of the factors. The method completes comparison of geometrical relations of relevant statistical data of time series in the system through quantitative analysis of development situation of the dynamic process, and obtains grey correlation degree between the reference series and each comparison series. The greater the degree of association of the comparison series with the reference series, the closer the direction and rate of development to the reference series, the more closely the relationship to the reference series. The basic idea is to perform dimensionless processing on the original observed number of the evaluation indexes, calculate the association coefficient and the association degree and sort the indexes to be evaluated according to the association degree.
The specific calculation steps for grey correlation analysis are as follows:
1) determining an analysis series
A reference series reflecting characteristics of the system's behavior and a comparison series affecting the system's behavior are determined. The data sequence reflecting the behavior characteristics of the system is called a reference sequence, and the data sequence composed of the factors influencing the system behavior is called a comparison sequence.
Let Y (k) k 1,2,., n } be the reference sequence (also called the parent sequence), and X (the subsequence) be the comparison sequence (also called the subsequence)i＝{Xi(k)|k＝,2,...,n},i＝1,2,...,m
2) Dimensionless formulation of variables
Because the data in the factor columns in the system may be different in dimension, it is inconvenient to compare or it is difficult to obtain correct conclusion in comparison. Therefore, in the gray correlation analysis, data is generally subjected to a non-dimensionalization process to map each index value into a [0,1] interval.
3) Evaluation index definition
Generally, the evaluation indexes can be divided into benefit indexes and cost indexes, and the greater the benefit index attribute, the better; the smaller the cost index, the better.
For the benefit index, let:
for cost indicators, let:
4) calculating the correlation coefficient
Correlation coefficient of x0(k) with xi (k):
ρ ∈ (0, ∞), which is called a resolution coefficient, is usually taken to be ρ 0.5.
5) Calculating degree of association (degree of membership)
Since the correlation coefficient is the degree of correlation value between the comparison series and the reference series at each time (i.e., each point in the curve), the number is more than one, and the information is too scattered to facilitate the overall comparison. It is therefore necessary to concentrate the correlation coefficient at each time (i.e. each point in the curve) to one value, i.e. to average it, as a quantitative representation of the degree of correlation between the comparison series and the reference series, the degree of correlation riThe formula is as follows:
6) rank of relevance
Sorting the relevance according to size if r1＜r2Then the reference sequence y and the comparison sequence x2More similarly. In calculating XiAfter the correlation coefficients of the sequence and the Y (k) sequence are calculated, the average value of the correlation coefficients of all types is calculated, and the average value riAre referred to as Y (k) and XiThe degree of association of (c).
The implementation case is as follows:
the assessment method respectively constructs assessment index systems aiming at digital infrastructure state, traffic running state, microscopic behavior state, meteorological environment state and the like, so as to carry out assessment. The case analysis will be performed by taking the traffic operation state as an example.
Through analyzing the existing typical expressway roadside sensing equipment layout scheme, 3 roadside sensing equipment layout schemes are designed, and the selected equipment is intelligent roadside equipment capable of collecting traffic running state data, and comprises a high-definition camera (the effective detection area is about 100 meters), a millimeter-wave radar (the effective detection area is about 350 meters) and a laser radar (the effective detection area is about 300 meters).
The layout of the specific scheme is schematically shown in fig. 3. In the scheme A, a set of high-definition cameras are distributed every 200 meters, a set of millimeter wave radar is distributed every 200 meters, and 50 high-definition cameras and 50 millimeter wave radars are required to be distributed in total; in the scheme B, a set of high-definition cameras are distributed every 400 meters, a set of millimeter wave radar is distributed every 400 meters, a set of laser radar is distributed in one accident black spot area, and 25 high-definition cameras, 25 millimeter wave radars and 1 laser radar are required to be distributed; and in the scheme C, a set of high-definition cameras are distributed every 200 meters, a set of millimeter wave radar is distributed every 400 meters, and a set of laser radar is distributed in each of two accident black spot areas, wherein 7 high-definition cameras, 4 millimeter wave radars and 2 laser radars are required to be distributed.
The application road section is a 10 km long expressway, wherein two sections of accident black spot areas are arranged, one section is about 600 meters long, and the other section is about 400 meters long.
And aiming at the three designed layout schemes, deeply calculating each index by using a grey correlation analysis model.
Firstly, selecting indexes such as average construction cost per kilometer, average maintenance cost per kilometer, data acquisition types, physical coverage, physical overlapping degree, functional coverage, average fault interval time and the like for analysis, constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system, and calculating and analyzing to obtain index values of all schemes as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 index values for each layout plan
According to experience, indexes such as average construction cost per kilometer, average maintenance cost per kilometer, physical overlapping degree and the like can be obtained, and the smaller the value is, the closer the value is to the optimal layout scheme, so the indexes are cost-type indexes; the larger the value of the indexes such as data acquisition type, physical coverage, functional coverage, mean fault interval time and the like is, the closer the value is to the optimal layout scheme, and therefore the indexes are benefit type indexes.
Second, the matrix shown in table 1 above is subjected to dimensionless processing according to equation (2-1), to obtain the following matrix.
TABLE 2 dimensionless matrix
According to experience, indexes such as average construction cost per kilometer, average maintenance cost per kilometer, physical overlapping degree and the like can be obtained, and the smaller the value is, the closer the value is to the optimal layout scheme, so the indexes are cost-type indexes; the larger the value of the indexes such as data acquisition type, physical coverage, functional coverage, mean fault interval time and the like is, the closer the value is to the optimal layout scheme, and therefore the indexes are benefit type indexes. Namely, the ideal scheme index set is (0, 0,1, 1, 0,1, 1), namely the reference sequence, and the following matrix is obtained according to the equations (2-2) and (2-3).
TABLE 3 Ideal solutions contrast matrix
Finally, the degree of association of each solution with the ideal solution is calculated according to the equations (2-5), as shown in fig. 4.
Deep calculation is performed on each index by using a gray correlation analysis model, and three scheme dominance degrees are obtained as shown in fig. 4, wherein the dominance degree of the scheme A is 0.476, the dominance degree of the scheme B is 0.559, and the dominance degree of the scheme C is 0.670. It can be seen that the scheme C (detection range does not cover the road completely, function coverage is high) is closest to the optimal layout scheme, which indicates that the layout scheme of the equipment can be greatly optimized by performing the layout of the equipment in the key area and properly reducing the layout of the equipment in the non-key area; the scheme A (the detection range is completely covered, but the overlapping degree is high) has the lowest priority, which indicates that the cost is increased due to the equipment dense distribution in the whole road section, and the equipment detection overlapping range is higher, so that the resource waste is easily caused, and the utilization efficiency is not high; the scheme B (comprehensive coverage of the detection range and low overlapping degree) is moderate, and the principles of economy, comprehensiveness, effectiveness and the like need to be comprehensively considered when the equipment is arranged.
Corresponding to the foregoing embodiment 1, an embodiment 2 of the present invention provides an evaluation system for a layout scheme of roadside sensing devices on a highway, as shown in fig. 5, where the system includes:
a comprehensive evaluation index system construction module 210, configured to determine an evaluation index of the layout scheme, and construct a comprehensive evaluation index system;
and the layout scheme evaluation module 220 is configured to evaluate different layout schemes based on a comprehensive evaluation index system to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment.
Further, the comprehensive evaluation index system building module 210 is further configured to:
according to the problems existing in the layout design process of the highway roadside sensing system, an evaluation principle of the layout scheme of roadside sensing equipment is provided;
and determining the evaluation index of the layout scheme according to the evaluation principle.
Further, the layout scheme evaluation module 220 is further configured to:
and evaluating different layout schemes by adopting a preset evaluation method or model to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment.
The functions executed by each component in the system for evaluating the layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment on the highway provided by the embodiment of the invention are described in detail in the embodiment 1, and therefore, redundant description is not repeated here.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A method for evaluating a layout scheme of perception equipment on the side of a highway is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining an evaluation index of the layout scheme, and constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system;
and evaluating different layout schemes based on the comprehensive evaluation index system to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment.
2. The method for evaluating the layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment of the highway according to claim 1, wherein the steps of determining the evaluation indexes of the layout scheme and constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system specifically comprise:
according to the problems existing in the layout design process of the highway roadside sensing system, an evaluation principle of the layout scheme of roadside sensing equipment is provided;
and determining the evaluation index of the layout scheme according to the evaluation principle.
3. The method for evaluating the layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment of the expressway as claimed in claim 2, wherein the evaluation principle of the layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment is provided according to the problems existing in the layout design process of the roadside sensing system of the expressway, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the problems existing in the layout design process of the highway roadside sensing system comprise: the cost is expensive, the coverage is not comprehensive, and the working efficiency is low, so the evaluation principle of the road side sensing equipment layout scheme is provided in a targeted manner, and the evaluation principle comprises the following steps: economy, comprehensiveness and effectiveness.
4. The method for evaluating the layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment on the highway according to claim 3, wherein the step of determining the evaluation index of the layout scheme according to the evaluation principle specifically comprises the following steps:
based on an economic principle, the evaluation indexes comprise average construction cost per kilometer and average maintenance cost per kilometer;
based on a comprehensive principle, the evaluation indexes comprise data acquisition types, physical coverage and physical overlapping degrees;
based on the validity principle, the evaluation indexes comprise function coverage and mean time between failures.
5. The method for evaluating the layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment on the highway according to claim 1, wherein different layout schemes are evaluated based on the comprehensive evaluation index system to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and evaluating different layout schemes by adopting a preset evaluation method or model to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment.
6. The method for evaluating the layout scheme of the expressway roadside perception devices according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation method or model comprises a grey correlation analysis method, an expert scoring method and an analytic hierarchy process.
7. A system for evaluating the layout scheme of perception equipment on the side of a highway is characterized by comprising the following components:
the comprehensive evaluation index system building module is used for determining the evaluation index of the layout scheme and building a comprehensive evaluation index system;
and the layout scheme evaluation module is used for evaluating different layout schemes based on the comprehensive evaluation index system to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment.
8. The system for evaluating the layout scheme of the roadside perception devices on the highway according to claim 7, wherein the comprehensive evaluation index system constructing module is further configured to:
according to the problems existing in the layout design process of the highway roadside sensing system, an evaluation principle of the layout scheme of roadside sensing equipment is provided;
and determining the evaluation index of the layout scheme according to the evaluation principle.
9. The system for evaluating the layout scheme of the roadside sensing devices on the highway according to claim 7, wherein the layout scheme evaluating module is further configured to:
and evaluating different layout schemes by adopting a preset evaluation method or model to obtain an optimal layout scheme of the roadside sensing equipment.
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| CN114581873A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-03 | 阿波罗智联(北京)科技有限公司 | Method, device, equipment, medium and product for screening roadside equipment |
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