CN112819120B - Fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code and generation and recognition methods thereof - Google Patents
Fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code and generation and recognition methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
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- G06K7/1404—Methods for optical code recognition
- G06K7/1439—Methods for optical code recognition including a method step for retrieval of the optical code
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Abstract
The invention provides a fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code, which comprises a positioning pattern, format information and data; the positioning pattern is composed of a fuzzy invariant shape; the format information is stored in the fuzzy invariant feature of the positioning pattern composed of fuzzy invariant shapes; and a data band is arranged between the positioning patterns, and the data is stored on the data band. The invention also provides a method for generating and identifying the fuzzy identifiable two-dimensional code, the generated fuzzy identifiable two-dimensional code can be directly identified in the fuzzy image without preprocessing operations such as deblurring and the like, the identification process is simplified, the identification speed in the fuzzy image is accelerated, and the two-dimensional code can be quickly positioned in the fuzzy image by utilizing the characteristic that a fuzzy invariant graph can be quickly identified; meanwhile, as the storage of the format information uses the fuzzy invariant features, the characteristics cannot be damaged by the fuzzy, so that the two-dimensional code can be still correctly identified even in a severely fuzzy image.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of two-dimensional code generation, in particular to a fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code and a generation and recognition method thereof.
Background
With the development of the internet of things technology, as an important graphic identification technology, the two-dimensional code technology is widely used for carrying out identity identification on articles on a perception layer of the internet of things, such as commodity tracing, intelligent logistics and the like. However, as the internet of things is popularized in more and more scenes, the requirement on the identification technology is higher and higher. When the identified object moves or the position is not fixed, the camera often cannot acquire a clear two-dimensional code image. The traditional method is to deblur the collected image and then decode the two-dimensional code. However, deblurring is a morbid problem, and not only is the amount of calculation large, but also a unique solution cannot be obtained under general conditions. Therefore, the traditional method can only obtain a small-amplitude improvement of the decoding success rate of the two-dimensional code on the premise of spending a large amount of calculation.
The patent application with publication number WO2017084536A1 discloses an encoding system and method, a decoding system and method for an intelligent pattern recognition two-dimensional code, wherein the intelligent pattern code generated by the encoding system is matched with the color of a picture to form a color matrix fused on one side, two sides or multiple sides of the picture, and the intelligent pattern recognition two-dimensional code system capable of being recognized in a pattern mode is formed through fuzzy recognition. The intelligent image recognition two-dimensional code coding and decoding system and method can use different color combinations (such as 2 colors, 3 colors, or even 8 colors), can be combined with patterns or can be presented in a graphic mode; the data volume represented by the two-dimensional code can be increased in the same area; the technology can improve the efficiency and the accuracy of decoding the two-dimensional code, but cannot realize accurate identification of the two-dimensional code in a seriously blurred image, and has large calculated amount and poor identification effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code and a generation and recognition method thereof, aiming at overcoming the technical defects that the two-dimensional code cannot be recognized accurately in a seriously fuzzy image and the calculated amount is large in the existing two-dimensional code recognition method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code comprises a positioning pattern, format information and data; wherein:
the positioning pattern consists of a fuzzy invariant shape;
the format information is stored in the fuzzy invariant feature of the positioning pattern consisting of fuzzy invariant shapes;
a data band is arranged between the positioning patterns, and the data is stored on the data band.
In the scheme, the fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code can be directly recognized in the fuzzy image without preprocessing operations such as deblurring and the like, the recognition process is simplified, the recognition speed in the fuzzy image is accelerated, and the two-dimensional code can be quickly positioned in the fuzzy image by utilizing the characteristic that a fuzzy invariant graph can be quickly recognized; meanwhile, as the storage of the format information uses the fuzzy invariant features, the characteristics cannot be damaged by the fuzzy, so that the two-dimensional code can be still correctly identified even in a severely fuzzy image.
The positioning pattern is a fuzzy invariant shape formed by two concentric rings and five solid discs; wherein: the inner radii of the two concentric rings form a fixed proportional relation, and the proportional relation is used for quickly positioning the two-dimensional code; the radii of the five solid disks are equal, and the proportional relation between the radii of the five solid disks and the inner sides of the concentric rings is also fixed; one circle center of the five solid discs is arranged on the circle center of the concentric ring, and the other four circle centers are arranged on the inner circumference of the large concentric ring.
In the scheme, the positioning pattern is firstly designed, when the inner part of the concentric ring is filled with data, the concentric ring can be approximately regarded as a solid disk, and the solid disk is a fuzzy invariant shape, namely, the shape can be similar before and after the fuzzy, and can not be changed into another shape due to the fuzzy, so that the positioning pattern can be quickly identified in the fuzzy image. When both solid discs are identified, circles other than the two-dimensional code in the figure can be excluded by simply comparing the radius ratio of the two concentric circles. Of the five solid discs, one is in the center of the concentric ring and four are on the large concentric ring. The solid disk in the center of the ring is used for estimating the radius of the concentric ring, and then the other four disks are accurately positioned by using the estimated radius.
The format information comprises a version number used for representing the capacity of the two-dimensional code. The format information is stored in two isosceles triangles formed by five solid discs of the positioning pattern, the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle is positioned at the circle center of the concentric circular ring, the waist is the radius of the large concentric circular ring, and the base angle is respectively positioned at the circle centers of the four solid discs; the size of the inner angle of the isosceles triangle is a fuzzy invariant feature and is used for storing format information. Two waists of the two isosceles triangles are collinear to form the diameter of a large concentric ring, and the other two waists are positioned in the same semicircle divided into two semicircles by the diameter; the two isosceles triangles do not intersect except the vertex, and the vertex angle of one of the two isosceles triangles is fixed by delta, and the size of the vertex angle of the other vertex angle is i delta, i =1,2,3 according to the capacity of the two-dimensional code, and lambda is one of the values, and i delta is less than 180-2 delta.
In the above scheme, since certain blank areas exist between the five solid discs and other parts, as long as there is no intersection between the five solid discs and other parts after blurring, the coordinates of the center of mass (i.e., the center of a circle) of the solid discs are a blurring invariant feature, that is, the feature is not affected by blurring or not, so the internal angle of the geometric figure formed by the centers of the solid discs is also a blurring invariant feature. The format information is stored by using the fuzzy invariant feature, so that the recognition success rate of the two-dimensional code can be greatly increased, and the phenomenon that the two-dimensional code cannot be recognized due to fuzziness is not easy to occur.
The data band is a series of circular rings concentric with the concentric circular rings in the positioning pattern, each data band is evenly divided into fan-shaped rings, and each fan-shaped ring is used for storing data of one bit, so that the purpose of storing data by using the data band is achieved. The data band comprises an inner ring data band and an outer ring data band; the radius ratio of the inner circle data belt is smaller than that of the concentric ring with a small radius ratio and larger than that of the solid disc, and the radius ratio of the outer circle data belt is larger than that of the concentric ring with a large radius ratio and smaller than that of the concentric ring with a small radius ratio. The thicknesses of the data bands are equal, the sizes of the data bands are related to data capacity, and the larger the data capacity is, the smaller the thickness of the data bands is; meanwhile, the number, the radius and the size of the fan ring of the data band change along with the change of the format information of the two-dimensional code.
A generating method of fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code is provided, which selects proper format information according to given binary data, stores the format information by utilizing fuzzy invariant feature to generate corresponding two-dimensional code, and stores the given binary data in a data band.
A fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code recognition method is a method for recognizing a two-dimensional code according to an image shot by the two-dimensional code, and is characterized in that concentric rings for positioning are recognized, whether the two-dimensional code is judged according to the ratio of the inner side radiuses of the concentric rings, if yes, format information in a fuzzy invariant feature is further extracted, a specific number of data bands are divided according to the format information, and each data band is averagely divided into fan-shaped rings; and restoring the stored binary data according to the color depth of each fan ring.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code and a generation and recognition method thereof, wherein the generated two-dimensional code can be directly recognized in a fuzzy image without preprocessing operations such as deblurring and the like, so that the recognition process is simplified, and the recognition speed in the fuzzy image is accelerated; in the fuzzy image, the two-dimensional code can be quickly positioned by utilizing the characteristic that the fuzzy invariant graph can be quickly identified; meanwhile, because the storage of the format information uses the fuzzy invariant features, the characteristics can not be damaged by the fuzziness, the two-dimensional code can still be correctly identified even in a seriously fuzzy image, and the problems that the two-dimensional code cannot be accurately identified in the seriously fuzzy image and the calculated amount is large in the conventional two-dimensional code identification method are effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural composition diagram of a two-dimensional code according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional code according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a generation process of a two-dimensional code according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an identification process of a two-dimensional code according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
In order to solve the problems of large calculation amount and poor effect when the two-dimensional code is identified from a fuzzy image in the existing method, a fuzzy identifiable two-dimensional code based on a fuzzy invariant feature and a fuzzy invariant shape is provided. The following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a structure of the fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code is provided.
S101 is two deep concentric rings, the inner side radius of the large ring is R, the outer side radius of the large ring is 1.1R, the thickness of the large ring is 0.1R, and the inner side radius and the outer side radius of the small ring are 0.5R and 0.6R respectively.
S102 is four dark solid discs with radius of 0.1R, the circle centers are respectively point O, A, B, C and D, wherein point O is also the circle center of two concentric rings, point A, B, C and D are located on the inner circumference of the large ring, AOB is the diameter of the inner circle of the large disc, and point C and D are located on the upper side of diameter AOB. The centers of the five solid disks form two isosceles triangles AOD and BOC, wherein ^ AOD = delta =15 DEG, and ^ BOC = i delta, i =1,2,3, and Lambda. The angle BOC stores format information of the two-dimensional code, including but not limited to version numbers, different version numbers represent different data capacities, and table 1 provides an implementation manner. The format information may include other contents, such as an error correction level of data, in addition to the version number.
TABLE 1
S103 is a data area, which includes a plurality of inner and outer data bands in a shaded portion, and the number of the inner and outer data bands corresponding to each version number is shown in table 1. Each data band is further evenly divided into sector rings, each sector ring representing one bit of data, with dark colors representing 1 and light colors representing 0. The sum of the number of all the fan rings is the data capacity of the whole two-dimensional code.
In the implementation, as shown in fig. 2, it is an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the version number is 2, the number of layers of inner and outer loop data is 2, and angle BOC =75 °.
In the specific implementation process, the fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code can be directly recognized in a fuzzy image without preprocessing operations such as deblurring and the like, the recognition process is simplified, the recognition speed in the fuzzy image is accelerated, and the two-dimensional code can be quickly positioned in the fuzzy image by utilizing the characteristic that a fuzzy invariant graph can be quickly recognized; meanwhile, as the storage of the format information uses the fuzzy invariant features, the characteristics cannot be damaged by the fuzzy, so that the two-dimensional code can be still correctly identified even in a severely fuzzy image.
Example 2
More specifically, as shown in fig. 3, a fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code generating process according to the present invention is provided. In step S301, the generation flow starts. In the S302 process, the user inputs the stored binary data, which may be the original data of the user or the original data plus the error correction code. In step S303, an appropriate version number is selected according to the input binary data length. In step S304, a corresponding positioning pattern is generated according to the two-dimensional code parameter corresponding to the version number, for example, the parameter shown in table 1. In step S305, two data areas are divided into a specific number of data bands according to the version number and the corresponding two-dimensional code parameters, and the data bands are further uniformly divided into fan-shaped rings, and each bit in the input binary data is sequentially converted into the light and shade of the corresponding fan-shaped ring. In step S306, the generation flow ends.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code recognition process of the present invention is described. In step S401, the recognition flow starts. At step 402, all concentric ring sets in the graph are identified, each ring set includes two rings, one larger and one smaller, whose centers are at the same point. In step S403, one of the concentric ring groups is extracted, the ratio of the inner radii is determined, and if the inner radius ratio of the large ring to the small ring is 1:2, it is determined that the pair of rings may be a valid two-dimensional code. Of course, in specific implementation, the radius ratio of the circular ring does not need to be 1:2, and a certain error range can be allowed. If the radius ratio is 1:2, go to S405, otherwise go to S407. In step S405, the radius of the disc can be estimated according to the radius information of the ring and the proportional relationship between the radius of the disc and the radius of the ring. In step S406, according to the previous estimation that the disk radius is, more than five disks can be sequentially identified, and according to the relative position relationship between the five disks and the relative relationship between the disk and the ring, the disks A, B, C, D and O can be accurately identified, and the precise coordinates of the circle centers of the disks can be obtained. If all five disks are successfully identified, go to S408, otherwise go to S407. In step S407, it is determined whether there are any untested concentric ring sets, and if so, then S403 is passed to, otherwise, S411 is passed to. In step S408, the stored format information is restored based on the recognized disk coordinates. In step S409, the data area is divided into a specific number of data bands and a sector ring according to the version number specified in the format information. In step S410, the stored data is converted into binary according to the brightness of the fan ring. In step S411, the recognition flow is ended.
In the specific implementation process, the invention provides a fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code and a generation and recognition method thereof, wherein the generated two-dimensional code can be directly recognized in a fuzzy image without preprocessing operations such as deblurring and the like, so that the recognition process is simplified, and the recognition speed in the fuzzy image is accelerated; in the fuzzy image, the two-dimensional code can be quickly positioned by utilizing the characteristic that the fuzzy invariant graph can be quickly identified; meanwhile, because the storage of the format information uses the fuzzy invariant features, the characteristics can not be damaged by the fuzziness, the two-dimensional code can still be correctly identified even in a seriously fuzzy image, and the problems that the two-dimensional code cannot be accurately identified in the seriously fuzzy image and the calculated amount is large in the conventional two-dimensional code identification method are effectively solved.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code is characterized by comprising a positioning pattern, format information and data; wherein:
the positioning pattern is composed of a fuzzy invariant shape;
the format information is stored in the fuzzy invariant feature of the positioning pattern consisting of fuzzy invariant shapes;
a data band is arranged between the positioning patterns, and the data is stored on the data band;
the positioning pattern is a fuzzy invariant shape formed by two concentric rings and five solid discs; wherein:
the inner radii of the two concentric rings are in a fixed proportional relationship; the radiuses of the five solid discs are equal, and the proportional relation between the radiuses of the five solid discs and the inner sides of the concentric rings is also fixed;
one circle center of the five solid discs is arranged on the circle center of the concentric ring, and the other four circle centers are arranged on the inner circumference of the large concentric ring;
the format information is stored in two isosceles triangles formed by five solid discs of the positioning pattern, the vertex angle of the isosceles triangle is positioned at the circle center of the concentric circular ring, the waist is the radius of the large concentric circular ring, and the base angle is respectively positioned at the circle centers of the four solid discs; the size of the inner angle of the isosceles triangle is a fuzzy invariant characteristic and is used for storing format information;
two waists of the two isosceles triangles are collinear to form the diameter of a large concentric ring, and the other two waists are positioned in the same semicircle which is divided into two semicircles by the diameter; the two isosceles triangles do not intersect except the vertex, the vertex angle of one isosceles triangle is fixed to delta, the size of the other vertex angle is i delta according to different capacities of the two-dimensional codes, and i delta is less than 180-2 delta.
2. The two-dimensional code according to claim 1, wherein the format information includes a version number indicating a size of a capacity of the two-dimensional code.
3. The two-dimensional code according to claim 1, wherein the data bands are a series of concentric rings in the positioning pattern, each data band is divided into sectors uniformly, and each sector is used for storing one bit of data, so as to achieve the purpose of storing data by using the data band.
4. The fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code as claimed in claim 3, wherein said data bands comprise an inner data band and an outer data band; the radius of the inner ring data belt is smaller than that of the concentric ring with a small radius ratio and larger than that of the solid disc, and the radius of the outer ring data belt is smaller than that of the concentric ring with a large radius ratio and larger than that of the concentric ring with a small radius ratio.
5. The two-dimensional code according to claim 3, wherein the data bands are equal in thickness and have a size related to the data capacity, and the larger the data capacity is, the smaller the thickness of the data band is; meanwhile, the number, the radius and the size of the fan ring of the data band change along with the change of the format information of the two-dimensional code.
6. A generation method of a fuzzy recognizable two-dimensional code, wherein the two-dimensional code is the two-dimensional code according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized in that appropriate format information is selected according to given binary data, the format information is stored by using a fuzzy invariant feature, a corresponding two-dimensional code is generated, and the given binary data is stored in a data band.
7. A method for recognizing a two-dimensional code which can be recognized in a blurred manner, according to an image in which the two-dimensional code according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is captured, wherein concentric circles for positioning are recognized, whether the two-dimensional code is recognized is determined according to the ratio of the inside radii of the concentric circles, if so, format information in the blurred invariant feature is further extracted, a specific number of data bands are divided according to the format information, and each data band is averagely divided into fan-shaped rings; and restoring the stored binary data according to the color depth of each fan ring.
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